DOCSLIB.ORG

Hill, K. B. R., D. C. Marshall, and J. R. Cooley. 2005

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Hill, K. B. R., D. C. Marshall, and J. R. Cooley. 2005 New Zealand Entomologist 28: 71-80 (December 2005) Crossing Cook Strait: Possible human transportation and establishment of two New Zealand cicadas from North Island to South Island (Kikihia scutellaris and K. ochrina, Hemiptera: Cicadidae) Kathy B. R. Hill1, David C. Marshall and John R. Cooley Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT, 06269-U3043, USA. 1E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Island cicada faunas. In the North Island, ten out of Two cicadas previously restricted to the North 24 taxa inhabit the forest or forest edge, while on Island of New Zealand have recently been found the South Island only two out of 39 taxa are found on the South Island. The North Island bush species in the forest despite vast tracts of such habitat Kikihia scutellaris (Walker) first reported from (Fleming 1975a, Dugdale and Fleming 1978, around Picton, South Island, in 1966, is now Fleming 1984). These faunistic differences may found throughout much of Marlborough and the be the result of Pleistocene glaciation events that Marlborough Sounds, as far as Kenepuru Head restricted bush and bush-inhabiting cicadas to the to the north, Canvastown to the west, Grovetown far north (Fleming 1975a, Fleming 1977, McGlone to the south and Robin Hood Bay to the east. We 1985, McGlone et al. 2001). also note a single older specimen collected in 1932 Cook Strait, separating North and South from Torrent Bay, Tasman Bay. Our new data Islands, apparently acts as a barrier to cicada suggest a substantially faster rate of spread than dispersal (Myers & Myers 1923, Fleming 1971, can be estimated for other cicada species, possibly Fleming 1977). Only eight species from four of the because the preferred habitat of K. scutellaris five New Zealand genera have spread throughout is pre-existing and unoccupied by competitors. both islands (Dugdale 1972, unpublished data), Three males of the second adventive species, the either by dispersal over water or during the ice ages bush-edge green foliage cicada Kikihia ochrina when land bridges connected the islands (Fleming (Walker), were found in one Christchurch street in 1977). Molecular analyses (Buckley et al. 2001, February 2004. Its restricted distribution suggests unpublished data) demonstrate substantial genetic that K. ochrina was transported within the past divergence between North and South Island few years, possibly on one of the small garden populations of several of these species, and future trees and shrubs it frequents on the North Island. taxonomic revisions (in addition to revisions we It remains to be seen whether this species will already propose for cicada taxa) may reduce the become established. Neither species is likely to number of species found in common to both islands pose economic or conservation concerns. by subdividing several species. There are three unique taxa on offshore islands, one on each of the Keywords: cicada, dispersal, range expansion, Chatham, Kermadec and Norfolk Island systems recently established (Dugdale 1972), that all colonised from mainland New Zealand within the last 1.2 my (Arensburger et al. 2004b, unpublished data). Kikihia muta Introduction longula (Hudson) on the Chatham Islands may not All New Zealand cicadas belong to one tribe be a good taxon (Fleming & Ordish 1966), and (Cicadettini), five genera and approximately 57 may have colonised so recently as to have been taxa (at least 42 species plus additional subspecies) introduced via human transportation (unpublished (unpublished data). Cicadas arrived in New Zealand data). There are no unique species found on Stewart around 10 million years ago from two immigration Island, which is separated from the southern tip of events, and radiated into many different niches the South Island by the 30km-wide Foveaux Strait. (Buckley et al. 2002, Arensburger et al. 2004a). The cicada fauna there comprises the same four Striking differences exist between North and South species from two genera that are present along the 71 New Zealand Entomologist 28: 71-80 (December 2005) southern coast of the South Island (Dugdale 1972, 1949 map datum. We gave each sampling location Fleming 1975c). As with Cook Strait, Foveaux a unique seven-letter code of the form co.di.loc. Strait was bridged by land during glacial periods (co = country, di = district code of Crosby et al. (McGlone 1985). (1998), loc = unique mnemonic location code of Only one cicada species is currently believed to three letters). We digitally-recorded some males have crossed Cook Strait and become established (Sony WM-D6C DAT recorder or Marantz PMD during modern history. Fleming (1967) was the first 680 Flash Digital recorder, sampling at 48kHz) and to note the presence of the bush species Kikihia collected the cicadas when possible. Recordings and scutellaris (Walker) (Appendix, Figs. 1, 2) on the specimens were compared with known vouchers to South Island, from specimens collected by A. D. confirm species identity. Voucher specimens and a McEwen in 1966 in Picton. Kikihia scutellaris is copy of all recordings are deposited at the Museum common in the coastal hills of Wellington in the of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, Melicytus/Pseudopanax/Metrosideros-dominated New Zealand. bush, and Fleming (1975d) suggested that the species had been transported across Cook Strait from a North Island population via the interisland Results ferry. During the period 1967-1975, Fleming Kikihia scutellaris also found K. scutellaris at Shakespeare Bay, We found Kikihia scutellaris in 13 previously approximately 1km from the Picton ferry terminal unknown South Island locations between January (J. Dugdale pers. comm.). D. Lane (pers. comm.) 2001 and February 2004: one in 2000/1, eight in heard K. scutellaris in 1967 in the valley on the 2001/2, three in 2002/3 and one in 2003/4. These south side of Picton. A single older South Island localities range as far as Kenepuru Head to the specimen, housed in the Museum of New Zealand north, Canvastown to the west, Grovetown to the Te Papa Tongarewa and collected by C. Lindsay south and Robin Hood Bay to the east (Fig. 5), on 29 Dec. 1932, in Torrent Bay, Tasman Bay, is at approximate distances of 9.0-32.5km from the reported here for the first time. Picton town centre (junction of High and Dublin We present extensive new distribution records Sts.); Picton being the location of the earliest for K. scutellaris that suggest rapid recent dispersal. north-eastern South Island records. Additionally, We then discuss the 2004 discovery of a second one area of especially high K. scutellaris density probable case of interisland human transport of was found along approximately 31km of Kenepuru cicadas from the North Island to the South Island, Road in December 2002. One male K. scutellaris a record of the North Island bush-edge species was heard singing near the Picton ferry terminal Kikihia ochrina (Walker) (Appendix, Figs. 3, 4) in on 10 Feb 2002. Differences in focus of collecting Christchurch. trips and weather variations during these years may be responsible for the different numbers of records collected in each summer. Materials and Methods The Kenepuru Road records are of special Records of K. scutellaris and K. ochrina were interest because we drove the entire length of collected during extensive surveys of the South that road from Linkwater to Titirangi Bay and Island between December and March 2001-2005 back to Kenepuru Head over approximately 4 as part of biogeographic and systematic studies of hours, listening for and noting all species present New Zealand Cicadidae. These surveys covered all while paying special attention to K. scutellaris. South Island districts and all main and many minor Because we did not hear K. scutellaris north roads, many surveyed on multiple occasions. The of Kenepuru Head, this locality may be a local conspicuous species-specific songs of male cicadas northern range limit. However, it should also be allow us to detect even rare species while travelling noted that the road follows a higher elevation north under appropriate weather conditions. of Kenepuru Head, and the bush becomes denser. For each sampling location, latitude and We have made no attempt to record additional longitude were determined in degrees and decimal negative records because observations were made minutes using a Garmin GPS III and the Geodetic opportunistically. 72 North Island cicadas crossing Cook Strait Kikihia scutellaris detailed locality records (Numbers following site codes are approximate straight-line-distances in km to Picton town centre.): MARLBOROUGH: NZ.MB.GRO (21) Grovetown; 2.5km N. of Opawa River on SH1. 41º28.7S; 173º57.8E. 29 Jan 2002. Song heard. NZ.MB.NPI (21) 4.7km S. of Canvastown on Wakamarina Rd. 41º19.7S; 173º39.8E 19 Feb 2001. Song heard. NZ.MB.PIN (32.5) Pinedale Campground, 8.9km S. of Canvastown on Wakamarina Rd. 41º21.4S; 173º37.6E. 28 Jan 2002. 2 males collected, song recorded (Fig. 2). Fig. 2. Sonogram of a typical calling phrase of NZ.MB.WAA (18) 10.3km E. of SH6 on Kaituna- Kikihia scutellaris (track FL.02.NZ.SD.PIN. Tuamarina road. 41º26.5S; 173º54.5E. 28 Jan T01). Note all K. scutellaris sound is between 2002. Song recorded. NZ.MB.WHK (20.5) 1km 11 and 20kHz; 4-9kHz is primarily Amphipsalta W. of Havelock Town Centre on SH6. 41º16.6S; zelandica; 0-2kHz is random background noise. 173º45.5E. 6 Feb 2002. 1 male collected. MARLBOROUGH SOUNDS: NZ.SD.CUL (18.5) Cullen’s Point. 41º16.2S; 173º47.0E. 28 Jan 2002, 6 Feb 2002. Song recorded. NZ.SD. KEN (17) Kenepuru Head. 41º10.3S; 174º07.4E. 20 Dec 2002. Song heard. NZ.SD.KJT (18) Jct. of Kenepuru Rd. and rd. to Titirangi Bay, N. of Kenepuru Head. 41º09.7S; 174º07.3E. 20 Dec 2002.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A New Cicadetta Species in the Montana Complex (Insecta, Hemiptera, Cicadidae)
    Zootaxa 1442: 55–68 (2007) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2007 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Similar look but different song: a new Cicadetta species in the montana complex (Insecta, Hemiptera, Cicadidae) JÉRÔME SUEUR1 & STÉPHANE PUISSANT2 1NAMC-CNRS UMR 8620, Université Paris XI, Bât. 446, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France Present address: Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte - UMR CNRS 6035, Parc Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France. E-mail: [email protected] 2Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (Paris), Département Systématique et Evolution, Entomologie, 4 square Saint-Marsal, F-66100 Perpignan, France 1Corresponding author Abstract The Cicadetta montana species complex includes six cicada species from the West-Palaearctic region. Based on acoustic diagnostic characters, a seventh species Cicadetta cantilatrix sp. nov. belonging to the complex is described. The type- locality is in France but the species distribution area extends to Poland, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, Mace- donia and Montenegro. The calling song sequence consists of two phrases with different echemes. This calling pattern clearly differs from those produced by all other members of the complex, including C. cerdaniensis, previously mistaken with the new species. This description increases the acoustic diversity observed within a single cicada genus and sup- ports the hypothesis that sound communication may play a central role in speciation. Key words: Cryptic species, bioacoustics, Cicadidae, Cicadetta, geographic distribution, France Introduction Some biodiversity is not obvious when looking at preserved specimens. Various species do not differ in their morphology, but drastically in their behaviour. Such sibling, or cryptic, species are particularly evident in insects that produce sound to communicate: they look similar but sing differently.
    [Show full text]
  • The First New Zealand Insects Collected on Cook's
    Pacific Science (1989), vol.43, 43, nono.. 1 © 1989 by UniversityUniversity of Hawaii Press.Pres s. All rights reserved TheThe First New Zealand Zealand InsectsInsects CollectedCollectedon Cook'sCook's Endeavour Voyage!Voyage! 2 J. R. H. AANDREWSNDREWS2 AND G.G . W. GIBBSGmBS ABSTRACT:ABSTRACT: The Banks collection of 40 insect species, species, described by J. J. C.C. Fabricius in 1775,1775, is critically examined to explore the possible methods of collection and to document changesto the inseinsectct fauna andto the original collection localities sincsincee 1769.The1769. The aassemblagessemblageof species is is regarded as unusual. unusual. It includes insects that are large large and colorful as well as those that are small and cryptic;cryptic; some species that were probably common were overlooked, but others that are today rare were taken.taken. It is concluded that the Cook naturalists caught about 15species with a butterfly net, but that the majority (all CoColeoptera)leoptera) were discoveredin conjunction with other biobiologicallogical specimens, especially plantsplants.. PossibPossiblele reasons for the omission ofwetwetasas,, stick insects, insects, etc.,etc., are discussed. discussed. This early collection shows that marked changesin abundance may have occurred in some speciespeciess since European colonizationcolonization.. One newrecord is is revealed:revealed: The cicada NotopsaltaNotopsaltasericea sericea (Walker) was found to be among the Fabricius speci­speci­ mens from New Zealand,Zealand, but itsits description evidentlyevidently
    [Show full text]
  • Summary of Native Bat, Reptile, Amphibian and Terrestrial Invertebrate Translocations in New Zealand
    Summary of native bat, reptile, amphibian and terrestrial invertebrate translocations in New Zealand SCIENCE FOR CONSERVATION 303 Summary of native bat, reptile, amphibian and terrestrial invertebrate translocations in New Zealand G.H. Sherley, I.A.N. Stringer and G.R. Parrish SCIENCE FOR CONSERVATION 303 Published by Publishing Team Department of Conservation PO Box 10420, The Terrace Wellington 6143, New Zealand Cover: Male Mercury Islands tusked weta, Motuweta isolata. Originally found on Atiu or Middle Island in the Mercury Islands, these were translocated onto six other nearby islands after being bred in captivity. Photo: Ian Stringer. Science for Conservation is a scientific monograph series presenting research funded by New Zealand Department of Conservation (DOC). Manuscripts are internally and externally peer-reviewed; resulting publications are considered part of the formal international scientific literature. Individual copies are printed, and are also available from the departmental website in pdf form. Titles are listed in our catalogue on the website, refer www.doc.govt.nz under Publications, then Science & technical. © Copyright April 2010, New Zealand Department of Conservation ISSN 1173–2946 (hardcopy) ISSN 1177–9241 (PDF) ISBN 978–0–478–14771–1 (hardcopy) ISBN 978–0–478–14772–8 (PDF) This report was prepared for publication by the Publishing Team; editing by Amanda Todd and layout by Hannah Soult. Publication was approved by the General Manager, Research and Development Group, Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand. In the interest of forest conservation, we support paperless electronic publishing. When printing, recycled paper is used wherever possible. CONTENTS Abstract 5 1. Introduction 6 2. Methods 7 3.
    [Show full text]
  • ARTHROPODA Subphylum Hexapoda Protura, Springtails, Diplura, and Insects
    NINE Phylum ARTHROPODA SUBPHYLUM HEXAPODA Protura, springtails, Diplura, and insects ROD P. MACFARLANE, PETER A. MADDISON, IAN G. ANDREW, JOCELYN A. BERRY, PETER M. JOHNS, ROBERT J. B. HOARE, MARIE-CLAUDE LARIVIÈRE, PENELOPE GREENSLADE, ROSA C. HENDERSON, COURTenaY N. SMITHERS, RicarDO L. PALMA, JOHN B. WARD, ROBERT L. C. PILGRIM, DaVID R. TOWNS, IAN McLELLAN, DAVID A. J. TEULON, TERRY R. HITCHINGS, VICTOR F. EASTOP, NICHOLAS A. MARTIN, MURRAY J. FLETCHER, MARLON A. W. STUFKENS, PAMELA J. DALE, Daniel BURCKHARDT, THOMAS R. BUCKLEY, STEVEN A. TREWICK defining feature of the Hexapoda, as the name suggests, is six legs. Also, the body comprises a head, thorax, and abdomen. The number A of abdominal segments varies, however; there are only six in the Collembola (springtails), 9–12 in the Protura, and 10 in the Diplura, whereas in all other hexapods there are strictly 11. Insects are now regarded as comprising only those hexapods with 11 abdominal segments. Whereas crustaceans are the dominant group of arthropods in the sea, hexapods prevail on land, in numbers and biomass. Altogether, the Hexapoda constitutes the most diverse group of animals – the estimated number of described species worldwide is just over 900,000, with the beetles (order Coleoptera) comprising more than a third of these. Today, the Hexapoda is considered to contain four classes – the Insecta, and the Protura, Collembola, and Diplura. The latter three classes were formerly allied with the insect orders Archaeognatha (jumping bristletails) and Thysanura (silverfish) as the insect subclass Apterygota (‘wingless’). The Apterygota is now regarded as an artificial assemblage (Bitsch & Bitsch 2000).
    [Show full text]
  • First Host Plant Record for Pacarina (Hemiptera, Cicadidae)
    Neotropical Biology and Conservation 15(1): 77–88 (2020) doi: 10.3897/neotropical.15.e49013 SHORT COMMUNICATION First host plant record for Pacarina (Hemiptera, Cicadidae) Annette Aiello1, Brian J. Stucky2 1 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama 2 Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA Corresponding author: Brian J. Stucky ([email protected]) Academic editor: P. Nunes-Silva | Received 4 December 2019 | Accepted 20 February 2020 | Published 19 March 2020 Citation: Aiello A, Stucky BJ (2020) First host plant record for Pacarina (Hemiptera, Cicadidae). Neotropical Biology and Conservation 15(1): 77–88. https://doi.org/10.3897/neotropical.15.e49013 Abstract Twenty-nine Pacarina (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) adults, 12 males and 17 females, emerged from the soil of a potted Dracaena trifasciata (Asparagaceae) in Arraiján, Republic of Panama, providing the first rearing records and the first definitive host plant records for any species of Pacarina. These reared Pacarina appear to be morphologically distinct from all known species of Pacarina and likely repre- sent an undescribed species. In light of this finding, we also discuss the taxonomy, biogeography, and ecology of Pacarina. Keywords cicada, Dracaena, host plant, rearing, taxonomy Introduction As far as is known, all cicadas are herbivores that spend the vast majority of their long life cycles as nymphs, living deep underground and feeding on the xylem sap of plant roots (Beamer 1928; Cheung and Marshall 1973; White and Strehl 1978). Be- cause of their relative inaccessibility to researchers, very little information is availa- ble about the host plant associations of juvenile cicadas. Consequently, even though adult cicadas are among the most conspicuous and familiar of all insects, the host plants of most cicada species’ nymphs remain unknown.
    [Show full text]
  • Forest and Timber Insects in New Zealand No
    Forest and Timber Insects in New Zealand No. 44 Large Cicadas Insect: Amphipsalta zelandica (Boisduval) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) Amphipsalta cingulata (Fabricius) Amphipsalta strepitans (Kirkaldy) Based on M. K. Kay (1980) Fig. 1 - Adult Amphipsalta zelandica male. Type of injury Young cicadas (nymphs) and adults both have piercing-sucking mouth- parts with which they take up plant sap. Nymphs live in the soil and feed on roots while adults feed on above-ground parts of plants, but this seems to have little effect on plant growth. The major damage is caused by the female piercing plant tissues with her ovipositor to lay eggs. The cuts made by the three species of Amphipsalta form a herring-bone pattern (Fig. 2), and twigs and branches so affected may be sufficiently weakened to break in high winds. Such broken branches on conifers show up as reddish "flags" in the canopy when the foliage dies. Open cuts also provide entry for pathogens and wood- boring insects. Often the cuts heal over (Fig. 3) making the twigs gnarled in appearance. Ent_44_Amphipsalta_spp.doc Page 1 Fig. 2 - "Herring-bone" scars made by a female Amphipsalta when egglaying. The branch is of Eucalyptus ovata. Fig. 3 - Old egglaying damage. This Clerodendron twig has been cut to reveal calloused scar and ton egg deposition sites. Ent_44_Amphipsalta_spp.doc Page 2 Fig. 4 - Amphipsalta zelandica male above, female below. Hosts Amphipsalta females damage a wide range of native and exotic hardwood and softwood trees and shrubs. Distribution All cicadas in New Zealand are natives. Amphipsalta zelandica occurs throughout the country apart from central Otago and parts of Canterbury.
    [Show full text]
  • Host-Associated Microbial Diversity in New Zealand Cicadas Uncovers Elevational Structure And
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.24.457591; this version posted August 27, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Full Working Title: 2 Host-associated microbial diversity in New Zealand cicadas uncovers elevational structure and 3 replacement of obligate bacterial endosymbionts by Ophiocordyceps fungal pathogens 4 5 Authors: 6 Diler Haji1,2, Jason Vailionis2, Mark Stukel2, Eric Gordon2, Emily Moriarty Lemmon3, Alan R. 7 Lemmon4, John P. McCutcheon5,6, Chris Simon2 8 9 Affiliations: 10 1 Current address: Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 11 USA 12 2 Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA 13 3 Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA 14 4 Department of Scientific Computing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA 15 5 Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA 16 6 Current address: Biodesign Center for Mechanisms of Evolution, Arizona State University, 17 Tempe, AZ, USA 18 19 20 Corresponding Author: 21 Diler Haji, [email protected] bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.24.457591; this version posted August 27, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
    [Show full text]
  • An Appraisal of the Higher Classification of Cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea) with Special Reference to the Australian Fauna
    © Copyright Australian Museum, 2005 Records of the Australian Museum (2005) Vol. 57: 375–446. ISSN 0067-1975 An Appraisal of the Higher Classification of Cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea) with Special Reference to the Australian Fauna M.S. MOULDS Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia [email protected] ABSTRACT. The history of cicada family classification is reviewed and the current status of all previously proposed families and subfamilies summarized. All tribal rankings associated with the Australian fauna are similarly documented. A cladistic analysis of generic relationships has been used to test the validity of currently held views on family and subfamily groupings. The analysis has been based upon an exhaustive study of nymphal and adult morphology, including both external and internal adult structures, and the first comparative study of male and female internal reproductive systems is included. Only two families are justified, the Tettigarctidae and Cicadidae. The latter are here considered to comprise three subfamilies, the Cicadinae, Cicadettinae n.stat. (= Tibicininae auct.) and the Tettigadinae (encompassing the Tibicinini, Platypediidae and Tettigadidae). Of particular note is the transfer of Tibicina Amyot, the type genus of the subfamily Tibicininae, to the subfamily Tettigadinae. The subfamily Plautillinae (containing only the genus Plautilla) is now placed at tribal rank within the Cicadinae. The subtribe Ydiellaria is raised to tribal rank. The American genus Magicicada Davis, previously of the tribe Tibicinini, now falls within the Taphurini. Three new tribes are recognized within the Australian fauna, the Tamasini n.tribe to accommodate Tamasa Distant and Parnkalla Distant, Jassopsaltriini n.tribe to accommodate Jassopsaltria Ashton and Burbungini n.tribe to accommodate Burbunga Distant.
    [Show full text]
  • Integrative Approach Unravels the Evolutionary History of Western Mediterranean Small Cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadettini)
    UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGIA ANIMAL Integrative approach unravels the evolutionary history of Western Mediterranean small cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadettini) Gonçalo João Barreto da Costa Mestrado em Biologia Evolutiva e Desenvolvimento Dissertação orientada por: Prof. Doutor Octávio Paulo Profª. Doutora Paula Simões 2017 "In the end we will conserve only what we love, we will love only what we understand, and we will understand only what we are taught." Baba Dioum Agradecimentos Antes de mais quero agradecer aos meus orientadores, Octávio Paulo e Paula Simões, por me terem apoiado durante este extenso (!) período de orientação. À Prof. Paula por me ter confiado as suas belas cigarras de Marrocos, e ter-me dado a oportunidade única de olhar com olhos de ver a sua colecção bem completa de cigarras mesmo interessantes! E falando em olhos... Por me ter emprestado os seus na descrição das cores das cigarras... Sem a Professora as cigarras ficavam-se por castanhas e pronto! A sua dedicação, boa disposição e acessibilidade quase ubíqua às minhas perguntas permitiu-me avançar sempre com o trabalho e com a escrita. O Prof. Octávio, chefe do grupo, já é conhecido pela genialidade quem tem em analisar os dados e ver para lá do que nos parece óbvio! Comprovei que é bem verdade quando trouxe dados preliminares do BEAST e o Professor para além de ver aquilo que era óbvio conseguiu ver para além lá daquela primeira camada e adicionar muito mais informação que aquela que conseguiria observar. Ainda que o Professor estivesse sempre 125% do tempo ocupado sempre conseguia arranjar um tempo para discutir novos métodos, novas abordagens aos meus datasets, novos artigos e resultados.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeography of Maoricicada Campbelli (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)
    School of Biological Sciences PHYLOGEOGRAPHY OF MAORICICADA CAMPBELLI (HEMIPTERA: CICADIDAE): MTDNA EVIDENCE INTERPRETED USING PHYLOGENETICS AND NESTED CLADE ANALYSIS by Kathy Barbara Rose Hill A thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Ecology March 2005 i ABSTRACT New Zealand, because of its wide range of habitats and rapidly changing, well- studied palaeohistory provides an excellent opportunity to investigate the impact of earth processes on the distribution of taxa. There are now a variety of studies on plants that investigate such patterns, and a growing number of studies on animal taxa. Most studies have supported the hypothesis that current patterns of distribution of New Zealand taxa were created by dispersal, mediated by landscape and climatic conditions over time, and have contradicted the panbiogeographic hypothesis that explained distributions via vicariant landscape changes such as lateral displacement along the Alpine Fault. This thesis presents a detailed phylogeographic history of a widespread, endemic New Zealand cicada, Maoricicada campbelli, that is abundant throughout much of the South Island and is also found in the central volcanic plateau of the North Island. Mitochondrial DNA sequences of 223 individuals from 70 populations of M. campbelli were studied using both traditional phylogenetic methods and nested clade analysis (NCA). As found in a previous study of 35 M. campbelli individuals, geographic structuring was strong, with two main clades (North Island+northern South Island versus Otago) representing diverse lineages that may in fact be different species. Population structuring within the northern South Island clade suggested that the central South Island was mostly uninhabitable during glacial periods and demonstrated a sister-group relationship between northern and southern Southern Alps populations to the exclusion of the more central Southern Alps populations.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of the Genera of Australian Cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea)
    Zootaxa 3287: 1–262 (2012) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Monograph ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2012 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) ZOOTAXA 3287 A review of the genera of Australian cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea) M. S. MOULDS Entomology Dept, Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney N.S.W. 2010 E-mail: [email protected] Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand Accepted by J.P. Duffels: 31 Jan. 2012; published: 30 Apr. 2012 M. S. MOULDS A review of the genera of Australian cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea) (Zootaxa 3287) 262 pp.; 30 cm. 30 Apr. 2012 ISBN 978-1-86977-889-7 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-86977-890-3 (Online edition) FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2012 BY Magnolia Press P.O. Box 41-383 Auckland 1346 New Zealand e-mail: [email protected] http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ © 2012 Magnolia Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or disseminated, in any form, or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher, to whom all requests to reproduce copyright material should be directed in writing. This authorization does not extend to any other kind of copying, by any means, in any form, and for any purpose other than private research use. ISSN 1175-5326 (Print edition) ISSN 1175-5334 (Online edition) 2 · Zootaxa 3287 © 2012 Magnolia Press MOULDS TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract . 5 Introduction . 5 Historical review . 6 Terminology . 7 Materials and methods . 13 Justification for new genera . 14 Summary of classification for Australian Cicadoidea . 21 Key to tribes of Australian Cicadinae . 25 Key to the tribes of Australian Cicadettinae .
    [Show full text]
  • Insects of the Dansey Ecological District / by B.H
    SCIENCE & RESEARCH SERIES NO.32 INSECTS OF THE DANSEY ECOLOGICAL DISTRICT by B. H. Patrick Published by Head Office, Department of Conservation, P O Box 10-420, Wellington ISSN 0113-3713 ISBN 0-478-01285-3 © 1991, Department of Conservation National Library of New Zealand Cataloguing-in-Publication Data: Patrick, B. H. (Brian H.) Insects of the Dansey ecological district / by B.H. Patrick. Wellington [N.Z.] : Head Office, Dept. of Conservation, c1991. 1 v. (Science & research series, 0113-3713 ; no. 32) ISBN 0-478-01285-3 1. Insects--New Zealand--Kakanui Mountains. 2. Lepidoptera--New Zealand--Kakanui Mountains. 3. Mountain ecology--New Zealand--Kakanui Mountains. I. New Zealand. Dept of Conservation. II. Title. III. Series: Science & research series ; no. 32. 595.7099382 Keywords: Dansey Ecological District, Lepidoptera, Orthoptera, Trichoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Dictyoptera, Hymenoptera, key sites for conservation, biology, biogeography, new species, insects, 65.02, 65 CONTENTS ABSTRACT 1 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. METHODS 2 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 2 3.1 Rock bluffs and tors 3 3.2 Short tussock grasslands and shrubland 3 3.3 Alpine grassland 4 3.4 Wetlands 4 3.5 Snowbanks 7 3.6 Upland shrubland 7 3.7 High alpine fellfield and herbfield 7 4. NEW DISTRIBUTIONAL RECORDS 8 5. FEATURES OF THE FAUNA 11 6. CONCLUSIONS AND LIST OF KEY SITES 11 7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 12 8. REERENCES 13 APPENDIX 1 14 Fig. 1 Map of the Dansey Ecological District of the Kakanui Ecological Region INSECTS OF DANSEY ECOLOGICAL DISTRICT by B. H. Patrick Conservancy Advisory Scientist, Otago Conservancy, Department of Conservation, Box 5244, Dunedin ABSTRACT An insect survey of the Dansey Ecological District in the Kakanui Ecological Region produced 295 species in seven insect orders, with primary attention being paid to Lepidoptera.
    [Show full text]