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Krause-Arcisstr Engl. Bbl 1.2. Em .Indd In this richly illustrated book Alexander Krause investigates the varied history of No. 12 Arcisstraße, which is not only part of Munich’s cultural and intellectual history, but also of a sad chap- ter of world history. Alexander Krause, a lawyer, is Chancellor of the University of Music and Performing Arts Munich. edition monacensia Edited by the Monacensia Literaturarchiv und Bibliothek Dr. Elisabeth Tworek Alexander Krause No. 12 Arcisstraße The Palais Pringsheim – The Führerbau – The Amerika Haus – The Hochschule für Musik und Theater (University of Music and Performing Arts) Translation: Kirsty Malcolm For further information on the publisher and catalogue, see www.allitera.de The Deutsche Bibliothek’s bibliographical information The Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche National- bibliografie, with details available online at http://dnb.ddb.de March 2010 Allitera Verlag An imprint of Buch&media GmbH, Munich © 2010 Buch&media GmbH Cover design: Kay Fretwurst, Freienbrink Production: Kessler Druck + Medien GmbH&Co. KG, Bobingen Printed in Germany. isbn 978-3-86906-048-4 Contents The Maxvorstadt district · 9 The Pringsheim family · 14 The Führerbau and the NSDAP (Nazi Party)’s Temples of Honour · 27 The interior of the Führerbau · 38 The Munich Agreement · 46 A warehouse for the Führermuseum · 48 The end of the War · 54 “The Greatest Theft in the History of Art” · 57 Central Art Collecting Point (CCP), the State Archive and other institutions · 60 The Amerika Haus · 62 The Hochschule für Musik (University of Music) · 68 Bibliography · 71 Appendix · 76 Concerts at the Amerika Haus 1948–1957 (selection) · 76 A selection of exhibitions in the Amerika Haus 1948–1957 (selection) · 79 Lectures, recitations and readings in the America Haus 1948–1957 (selection)· 81 Picture credits · 84 Acknowledgements · 84 I would never have believed that I’d ever address another letter to No. 12 Arcisstraße. For some 50 years it was my grandpar- ents’ address. Golo Mann writing to the President of the University of Music and Performing Arts Munich, in 1984. In 1984 Diethardt Hellmann, the then President of the Hoch- schule für Musik in Munich, invited the historian Golo Mann to make a speech at the forthcoming matriculation ceremony. Golo Mann had to decline. He ended his friendly letter with the above postscript, which – twenty years later – inspired the research into the history of No. 12 Arcisstraße. As you’ll see from what fol- lows, important chapters of Munich’s history in the past century were played out at this address. The Maxvorstadt district rcisstraße in Munich’s Maxvorstadt district runs from south Ato north. It originally started at the Old Botanical Garden, until its southern section, between Sophienstraße and Brienner Straße, was renamed in honour of Hans Meiser1 in 1957. Nowa- days Arcisstraße runs from the intersection of Königsplatz and Brienner Straße up to the Elisabethplatz. The name Arcis recalls of the village of Arcis-sur-Aube, some 140 km east of Paris. Arcis, incidentally the birthplace of Georges Jacques Danton (1759 to 1794), Justice Minister during the French Revolution, was the site of one of the battles at which the Napoleonic Army was defeated with Bavarian participation, in 1814. Other battles were won near the villages of Brienne-le-Chateau and Bar-sur-Aube, after which Brien ner Straße and Barer Straße were named. These vic- tories are still happily commemorated, although Bavaria owes its kingdom status to that same Napoleon. Oddly, Brienner Straße runs straight through Karolinenplatz, on which there stands an obelisk dedicated to the memory of the 30 000 Bavarian troops who died in 1812 during the Russian campaign, still at that time fighting on the side of Napoleon. The Maxvorstadt district was the very first expansion of the city beyond its baroque city walls. The town planning concept for the new district, which lay north-west of the old fortifications, was developed from a design by Friedrich Ludwig von Sckell, the direc- tor of court gardens. The architect charged with its execution was Carl von Fischer. Sckell and Fischer worked with Nikolaus Schedel von Greifenstein from 1809 on the Board of Munich’s City Plan- ning Commission, under the Ministry of the Interior. Since the 1 1881–1956, Regional Bishop of the Evangelical-Lutheran Church in Bavaria. For discussion of the renaming, see Klaus Bäumler, Kritische Gedanken zur “Entnennung” der Meiserstraße. 9 A section of the official map of Munich by Carl Schleich in 1812. The Maxvorstadt district is shaping up to the north-west of the old city. man in whose honour it was named, King Max I Joseph showed little initiative, in 1812, Crown Prince Ludwig, who had a lively interest in art and architecture, took a hand in the planning. In March 1816, the Commission invited the classical architect Leo von Klenze to join its ranks. When, in September 1818, Klenze was put in charge of all construction projects for Bavaria, the town planning for Munich also came under his responsibility. The then boundaries of the Maxvorstadt were Ludwigstraße2, named after Crown Prince Ludwig, to the east, to the north Adal- 2 These days the Maxvorstadt district also includes the Schönfeld-Vorstadt between Ludwigstraße and Königinstraße. 10 bertstraße3, the extension of Maillingerstraße and Lothstraße to the west, and Arnulfstraße to the south. The plan, with its largely grid-plan street layout, offered plots for badly-needed dwellings but also open spaces, for example such as the North Cemetery, the Alte4 and the Neue5 Pinakothek art museums, a military barracks6 and Königsplatz. This is where, from 1816, Ludwig, then still Crown Prince, had the Glyptothek built, using his personal fortune. This exhibition hall, which its architects Fischer and Klenze based on Grecian models, was completed in 1830 to house Ludwig’s collec- tion of classical sculptures. Between 1838 and 1845, an exhibition hall for art and industry designed by Georg Friedrich Ziebland was erected on the opposite side, which now houses the State Collection of Antiquities. The square was only completed in 1862 by Klenze, when he added the Propyläen. The area around Königsplatz, had been an attractive residen- tial area since the mid-19 th century. Here, those with the means and a need to live near the city, could acquire generous plots of land. Those living immediately around the square included Mo- ritz von Schwind7, Richard Wagner8, Franz von Lenbach9, Paul von Heyse10, Rainer Maria Rilke11, Karl Theodor von Piloty12 and Adolf Friedrich Graf von Schack13. 3 The present north limit of the district is Georgenstraße. 4 1826–1836 by Leo von Klenze 5 1846–1853 by August von Voit 6 On the site of the Pinakothek der Moderne stood the Türkenkaserne, which was home to the Royal Bavarian Infantry Regiment. Thomas Mann joined up on 1 October 1900 but was released on 31 December 1900. (See Dirk Heißerer, Das Bild des Soldaten bei Thomas Mann, p. 5 ff. and ibid. Im Zaubergarten, p. 67) 7 Briennerstraße, immediately behind the Lenbachhaus. 8 No. 37 Briennerstraße, opposite the entrance to the present Richard- Wagner-Straße – plaque on wall. 9 Nos. 33–35 Luisenstraße 10 No. 47 Luisenstraße (now No. 22) directly behind the Glyptothek. A Nobel Prize-winner for Literature (1910) he lived here from 1873–1914, after the house (originally dating from 1830) had been rebuilt by Gottfried von Neureuther. 11 No. 48 Briennerstraße 12 Piloty’s studio was connected with the Schack Gallery. 13 Nos. 19–22 Briennerstraße thus a direct neighbour to the west of Richard Wagner. 11 The Königsplatz with planting, c. 1930, before the Nazi Party’s crude inter- ventions. The south-eastern corner plot, at the crossing of Brienner Straße and Arcisstraße was presented by King Max I Joseph in 1809 to the architect Carl von Fischer14, who built a palais there, to a square plan. In the north-eastern corner, the painter Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld15, a godson of King Ludwig I and father of the singer Ludwig Schnorr von Carolsfeld, had a house built in the same style as that in the southern corner. The authorities insisted that their exterior appearances should be identical. Until 1934, these two palais provided an architectural conclusion to Königsplatz to the east and simultaneously a bourgeois contrast with the monumen- 14 No. 16 Brienner Straße (according to the Wenng Atlas of 1849 / 51 – No. 20, southern corner plot) see and hereafter Enno Burmeister, Das Palais Carl von Fischer in München. 15 No. 44 Brienner Straße (northern corner plot) 12 tal gateway of the Propyläen on the opposite side of Königsplatz. As a consequence they may not be substantially altered, as they are subject to a building preservation order. The National Socialists were only able to get around these conditions once they had seized power. The western sides of the houses facing Königsplatz, extender to the extreme limits of their plots, whereas on the Brienner Straße sides, about 7 metres of clearance remainer. The No. 12 Arcisstraße address hasn’t always stood at its present location. From 1849 to 1851, this address referred to a building on the south-eastern corner of the Alter Nördlicher Friedhof (Old Northern Cemetery). In it lived a certain “W. Himmelstoss, a day-labourer”16. On the site of the present No. 12 Arcisstraße, in 1849 there stood a town house of the “Sard. Minister, the Mar- quis of Pallavicini”17. In 1849 he also owned the Palais Bar- low, which later came to be known as the Brown House.18 The Palais Barlow, known as the Brown House since 1930 16 see Wenng Atlas, loc. cit. 17 In the Gallery of Beauties in Ludwig I’s Nymphenburg Palace hangs a por- trait of Irene, Marchioness Pallavicini, married name Countess von Arco- Steppberg, born 3 September 1811 in All-gyo, Hungary.
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