20¢ DECEMBER 1943

THE MOSCOW CONFERENCE

EARL BROWDER EUGENE DENNIS •

THE NOVEMBER ELECTIONS

GILBERT GREEN ARNOLD JOHNSON SAMUEL ADAMS DARCY WILLIAM SCHNEIDERMAN WILLIAM NORMAN •

LABOR'S NATIONAL CONVENTIONS

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CONTENTS

The Three-Power Conference at Moscow Earl Browder 1059 The Three-Power Conference Documents 1065 Speed the Day of Victory Joseph Stalin . 1071 President Roosevelt's Greetings to President Kalinin 1082 The Moscow Conference, National Unity, and the Elections ·. Eugene Dennis 1083 The New York City Elections Gilbert Green 1103 Some Lessons of the Cleveland Elections Arnold Johnson 1111 The Elections in Philadelphia Samuel A. Darcy 1121 The San Francisco Elections W. Schneiderman 1133 Lessons of the New Jersey Elections William Norman 1138 The C.I.O. National Convention Wm. Z. Foster 1147 The A. F. of L. Convention J. K. Morton 1156 Results of the Moscow Conference 1166 Index-Volume XXII, 1943 1171

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BY EARL BROWDER

I. many. Details of such an agreement will become public knowledge, of HEN the Anglo-Soviet-Ameri­ course, only with the progress of the Wcan Conference, headed by the actions agreed upon. We can, how­ respective chiefs of the Foreign Of­ ever, feel confident that on this fice of each country, issued the his­ point we are not witnessing a repe­ toric declarations which embodied tition of the agreement of June, · their unanimous agreement on the 1942, on "the urgency of the open­ most pressing questions of the war, ing of the second front in 1942" a new high stage had been achieved which s~med to promise what was in cementing the Coalition which not forthcoming. Here we have a leads the United Nations. pledge "for the closest military co­ The joint communique issued by operation in the future," and the the Conference established that: whole world understands this to forecast simultaneous blows ' upon "In the first place there were the enemy main forces from East frank and exhaustive discussions of and West with the full strength at the measures be taken to short­ to the command of all three Powers. It en the war against Germany and her satellites in Europe. Advantage must be assumed that a calendar­ was taken of the presence of mili­ plan has been agreed upon which tary advisers representing the re­ guarantees the gearing of Eastern spective Chiefs of Staff in order to and Western Fronts into one mighty discuss definite military operations offensive. with regard to which decisions had This decision is the cornerstone of been taken and which are already the structure of agreements raised being prepared in order to create a by the Moscow Conference. It was basis for the closest military cooper­ due to the absence of coalition war­ ation in the future between the fare, as now envisaged, that the three countries." Anglo - Soviet - American Coalition It must be assumed that this for- was for many months undergoing mulation covers definite military sharp strains, and all divisionist in­ plans for the full unfolding of a fluences were working desperately two-front war against HiUerite Ger- to disrupt it, exploiting the absence 1059 1060 THE THREE-POWER CONFERENCE AT MOSCOW of a joint plan of war. The Mos­ upon the enemy"; (4) the necessity cow Conference, creating the basis of establishing a general interna­ for the closest military cooperation, tional organization of all peace-lov­ administered the heaviest political ing states, large and small, "based defeat to Hitler and his satellites, on the principle of sovereign equal­ and to the adherents of negotiated ity"; (5) consultation between the peace within the Allied countries. four Powers, and with other of the The joint communique further United ·Nations, pending a general, declared: organization, "with a view to joint action on behalf of the community "Second only to the importance of of nations"; (6) that they will not hastening the end of the war was employ military forces within the the recognition by the three Gov­ territory of other states except in ernments that it was essential in joint consultation for the purposes their own national interests .and in envisaged in this declaration; (7) to the interests of all peace-loving na­ bring about a general regulation of tions to continue the present close armaments in the post-war period. collaboration and cooperation in the This historic declaration puts an conduct of the war into the period following the end of hostilities, and end to a multitude of confusions in that only in this way could peace the United States, which were being be maintained and the political, eco­ exploited by the divisionists. (Inci­ nomic and social welfare of their dentally, may I note that it fully peoples fully promoted." confirms the correctness of my speech in Chicago, September 26, This second main agreement of around which the newspapers raised the Moscow Conference is embodied such a furore?) It indicates with in the Joint Four-Nation Declara­ a high degree of precis~on those tion, in: which the three main Pow­ methods and forms whereby the ers are joined by China. Upon the common problems of the war shall basis of "their determination . . . be decided, and the post-war order­ to continue hostilities against those ing of the world arrived at. It also Axis powers with which they re­ brings China directly into the con­ spectively are at war until such cert of chief powers, without alter­ powers have laid down their arms ing the relations now existing be­ on the basis of unconditional sur­ tween the Soviet Union and Japan. render," this declaration sets forth It fixes, without blueprints, the seven points of general agreement. main line of approach whereby They are: (1) that the urrlted action through the common prosecution of pledged for the war will be con­ the war the collaboration of the tinued for the organization of U.S.A., the U.S.S.R. and Britain will peace; (2) that those "at war with be continued in the post-war world. a common enemy" will act together ·There follows the Declaration Re­ in all matters of ending the war; garding Italy. It fixes Allied policy (3) that they will "provide against "that fascism and all its evil influ­ any violation of the terms imposed ence and configuration shall be com- THE THREE-POWER CONFERENCE AT MOSCOW 1061 pletely destroyed and that the Ital­ these points would help, not hinder, ian people shall be given every op­ the prosecution of the war. The portunity to establish government­ promptness with which these points al and other institutions based up­ are applied will be a measure of the on democratic principles." It records democratic faith of our military the declaration of the United States command on the spot, plus the in­ and Great Britain that their actions fluence of this general directive of in Italy have been based upon this basic intention of the three Govern­ policy "insofar as paramount mili­ ments. The Declaration's influence tary requirements have permitted." upon the course of events in Italy Seven points of application of this should be expected to grow strong­ policy are laid down: (1) inclusion er from week to week. in the Italian Government of repre­ The fourth document, the Dec­ sentatives of those Italians who laration on Austria, sets an impor­ have always opposed fascism (this tant line for all the Nazi-subjugated refers, without naming them, to the countries. It declares that "Austria, six parties in the Italian Liberation the first free country to fall victim Front); (2) restoration "in full to Hitlerite aggression, shall be lib­ measure" of freedom of speech, of erated from German domination." It religious worship, of political belief, envisages a free and independent of press and public meetings, and Austria which, with its neighbors the right to form anti-fascist politi­ faced with similar problems, will cal groups; (3) suppression of all in­ thereby "find that political and eco­ stitutions of the fascist regime; ( 4) nomic security which is the only removal of all fascists and pro-fas­ · basis for lasting peace." Austria, cists from all public positions; (5) and by implication all .other sub­ full amnesty for all political pris­ jugated countries, is reminded of oners of the fascist regime; (6) her responsibility for collaboration democratic organs for local govern­ with Hitlerite Germany, and that ment; (7) arrest of fascist chiefs her own· contribution to her libera­ and army generals charged with tion will inevitably enter into the war crimes. final settlement. These seven points are condi­ The fifth and final document of tioned, for their full application, the Conference is the Statement on upon the decision of the supreme Atrocities. This is signed by Presi-. military command in Italy, so long dent Roosevelt, Prime Minister as active military operations are Churchill and Premier Stalin, proceeding; and do not prejudice the whereas all the other documents are right of the Italian people ultimate­ issued in the name of the Foreign ly to choose their own form of gov­ Ministers (With the Four'-Nation ernment. Declaration also signed by the Chi­ Thus the Declaration on Italy set­ nese Ambassador in Moscow). This tles all the most disputed problems records the "monstrous crimes" of in this relation--..:.except the delicate "German officers and men and one of how far the application of members of the Nazi party," against 1062 THE THREE-POWER CONFERENCE AT MOSCOW the peoples of the Nazi-occupied ternational organization for the territories, and promises -that "they maintenance of peace after the war. will be brought back to the scene The Moscow Con:terence results of their crimes and judged on the brought a halt to that rather con­ spot by the peoples whom they have fused debate, which ended with the outraged." Those criminals whose adoption of a specific approval for offenses have no particular geo­ the Moscow Con:terence Declara­ graphical localization will be pun­ tion,. 'through the addition to the ished by joint decision of the gov­ original resolution of the decisive ernments of the Allies. paragraph from the Moscow Four­ Nation Declaration. Only five die­ II. hard appeasers of Hitlerism stood up to vote against it! Three· days· before the documents The Congress of Industrial Or­ of the Moscow Conference were re­ ganizations was meeting in conven­ leased. to the public, President tion when the good news came. It Roosevelt had. already anticipated immediately adopted a ringing res­ the successful outcome. He in­ olution of approval of the Moscow formed his press conference that the . decisions, which set the tone of la­ Moscow meeting was progressing bor declarations which came from beyond all expectations and ex­ all over the country, and from all pressed his own jubilation over the varieties of labor unions. results achieved. Leading American From London came simultaneous­ newspapers warned that the actual ly the news that the British Trades results might come as an anti-cli­ Union Congress had at last decided max, and that disillusionment was to call an international congress of to be feared. But the publication of labor of the United Nations (in­ the documents on November 1 cluding from America the A. F. of proved that President Roosevelt L., C.I.O., and Railway Unions, and was correct again, as he has been from Latin,America the Confedera­ so many times when he has had to tion of Workers), to meet in London take issue with the press. It is not next June, and bring about in the too much to say that the Moscow ranks of labor that unity which Conference decisions were received had already been achieved between with joy by the peoples of all.Allied the Governments. and conquered countries. In the United States a wave of m. enthusiastic approval swept over the country. Indeed, this was so Approval of the Moscow Confer­ strong that it even penetrated the ence decisions of the Anglo-Soviet­ United States Senate, where a American coalition has been over­ dreary debate had been dragging whelming-but not unanimous in along for weeks for and against a the United States. rather innocuous expression of sup­ It is rather important to notice port for the idea of a general in- the exceptions, the dissenters who THE THREE-POWER CONFERENCE AT MOSCOW 1063 stand. out against the joyous ap­ Conference, the key sentence of proval of the great mass of the peo­ which reads:"They do not, however, ple and their representatives. dispel the fear ·that compromises on The Hearst press brazenly echoed the ideal of the Atlantic Charter the Berlin propaganda line .:...... Mr. are in prospect. Some things these Cordell Hull and Mr. Anthony Eden documents imply by statement and had sold out Europe to the Bolshe­ more significantly still by omission viks! Likewise spoke· the Chicago leave an uneasiness in minds intent Tribune, the New York Daily News, on peace and justice to all." Within and the Washington Times-Herald, a few hours of the issuance of the of the notorious McCormick-Patter­ statement in America this quotation son newspaper Axis. was being broadcast to the world The Trotskyites supplemented this by the Berlin radio, and featured line with its converse-Molotov had in the Hearst press. sold out the workers of Europe to The Catholic dignitaries are vague Hull, Eden, and the international in identifying those things which capitalists! leave uneasiness in their minds. The Social - Democratic New But, fortunately, since we need to Leader took the double-line of know precisely what is in their praising Cordell Hull to the skies as minds, we can find it clearly stated the Daniel who had tamed the So­ by them elsewhere. One of the viet lions ,in their den, and at the signers is the Archbishop of Chi­ same time dolefully warning of the cago; under his spiritual guidance disastrous consequences Df the con­ is published The New World, which cessions made to Stalin! carries the sub-title "Chicago's Offi­ The Socialist Call compromised cial Catholic Paper." In the Octo­ the issue by giving one column to ber 1 issue of this paper, on the the pure Trotskyite line, while front page, is printed the political another column by Norman Thomas thought which moved the Bishops was ap approximation of the New to their statement against the Mos­ Leader double-talk. cow Conference. It is a brief and Wiliam C. Bullitt, of "carrot and pointed description of what they club" notoriety, issued a doleful la­ see as the desirable outcome of the ment that in Moscow there had not war. It says: been heard ''the voice of Europe." "What if Germany starts to really Mr. Bullitt still yearns for his old crack on the Eastern front? The friend, Petain, on whose behalf he military leaders of the Reich have surrendered Paris to the Nazis, and reason to feal" the invasion of the whose voice is still, for him, "the Soviet much more than domina­ voice of Europe." 1 tion of Anglo-American forces. The Ten Bishops and Archbishops, direct possibility within the next acting as the Administrative Board few months is that the trapped of the National Catholic Welfare Germans will let down the gates on their Western front for the easy Conference, issued a statement on conquest of their territory by a the Declarations of the Moscow more benign foe." 1064 THE THREE-POWER CONFERENCE AT MOSCOW There we have it! In placing Contrary to such expectations, the themselves against the Moscow Moscow Conference itself formu­ Declaration, as they did against the lated the basic agreements which opening of the Second Front, these already establish the line of march gentlemen of the Church are lend­ for the Coalition leading .the United ing their voices to sinister political Nations. Its success was beyond all forces. These political forces whose expectations. hopes of splitting the Anglo-Soviet­ The projected meeting of the American coalition and making a chiefs of the Coalition is not, how­ soft peace with Hitlerism, whose ever, rendered unnecessary by this hopes that our country and Eng­ success, nor is it likely to be post­ land can be mad,e to unite with poned. Just as the gigantic victor­ Germany as the "more benign foe" ies of the Red Army, with Anglo­ of Hitlerism, for a new war against American advances in Africa and t~ Soviet Union, are cancelled out Italy and the air war over Ger­ by the Moscow agreements. many, enlarged the successes of the Truly, the Moscow Declarations Moscow Conference, so now the ac­ are a death-blow to such hopes. celerated military victories, rein­ The Reverend gentlemen who ex­ forced by the political blows of the pressed their "uneasiness" at the re­ Moscow Conference against the sults of the ·Moscow Conference Axis and the appeasers, serve all were guilty of understatement, for the more to set the stage of his­ their feelings must be of dismay. tory for the Roosevelt-Churchill­ They have lost their perspective of Stalin meeting to take further- steps uniting the world against the Soviet in the same direction. Union. And they have taken a po­ It is quite likely, in fact, that be­ sition contrary to the desires and fore this article is in print and cir­ interests of the vast majority of all culated, we may already have re­ Catholics who are deeply anti-fas­ ceived in the daily press the news cist. of the Roosevelt-Churchill-Stalin IV. Conference . and its history-making results. The Moscow Conference of For­ The world has opened a new eign Secretaries came together as epoch in its history. an exploratory conference, to pave It is our practical task to carry the way' for a future meeting of to the broadest masses a full under­ President Roosevelt, Prime Minister standing of this great turn in his­ Churchill, and Premier Stalin. Be­ tory, and to gather its full fruits fore the Conference care was taken for our country in a mighty not to arouse high hopes in the im­ strengthening of national unity to mediate results of its work, for it complete the war with honor and was generally expected that the despatch, and thus to reach the most significant agreements could post-war reconstruction of the only be arrived at later in the meet­ world under happier auspices than ing of principals. had hitherto seemed possible. THE THREE-POWER CONFERENCE DOCUMENTS

JOINT COMMUNIQUE OF THE TRI-PARTITE CONFERENCE fT'HE conference of Foreign Sec­ submitted ·for discussion by the .1. retaries of the United States of thr.ee Governments. Some of the America, Mr. Cordell Hull; of the questions called for final decisions, United Kingdom, Mr. Anthony and these were taken. On other Eden; and of the Soviet Union, Mr. questions, after discussion, decisions V. M. Molotoff, took place at Mos- of principle were taken. These ques­ cow from the nineteenth to the tions were referred for detailed thirtieth of October, 1943. There consideration to commissions spe­ were twelve meetings. In addition cially set up for the purpose, or to the Foreign Secretaries, the fol- reserved for treatment through dip­ lowing took part in the conference: lomatic channels. Other questions For the United States of Ameri- again were disposed of by an ex­ ca: Mr. W. Averell Harriman, Am- change of views. The Governments bassador of the United States; Maj. of the United States, the United Gen. John R. Deane, United States Kingdom and the Soviet Union have Army; Mr. H. Hackworth, Mr. been in close cooperation in all mat­ James C. Dunn and experts. ters concerning the common war For the United Kingdom: Sir effort, but this is the first time that Archibald Clark Kerr, Ambassador; the Foreign Secretaries of the three Mr. William Strang; Lieut. Gen. Sir Governments have been able to Hastings Ismay and experts. meet together in conference. For the Soviet Union: Marshal In the first place there were frank K. E. Voroshiloff, Marshal of the and exhaustive discussions of the Soviet Union; Mr. A. Y. Vyshinski measures to be taken to .shorten the and Mr. M. Litvinoff, Deputy Peo- war against Germany and her satel­ ple's Commissars for Foreign Af- lites in Europe. Advantage was tak­ fairs; Mr. V. A. Sergeyeff, Deputy en of the presence of military ad­ People's Commissar for Foreign visers representing the respective Trade; Maj. Gen. A. A. Gryzloff of Chiefs of Staff in order to discuss the General Staff, Mr. G. F. Saksin, definite military operations with re­ senior official for People's Commis- gard to which decisions had been sariat for Foreign Affairs, and ex- taken and which are already being perts. prepared in order to create a basis The agenda included all questions for the closest military coope:r:ation 1065 1066 THREE-.POWER CONFERENCE DOCUMENTS in the future between the three don a European advisory commis­ countries. sion to study these questions and Second only to the importance of to make joint recommendations to hastening the end of the war was the three Governments. the recognition by the three Gov­ Provision was made for continu­ ernments that it was essential in ing, when necessary, the tripartite their own national interests and in consultations of representatives of the interests of all peace-loving the three Governments in the re­ nations to continue the present close spective capitals through the exist­ collaboration and cooperation in the ing diplomatic channels. conduct of the war into the period The conference also agreed to es­ following the end of hostilities, and tablish an advisory council for mat­ that only in this way could peace ters relating to Italy, to be com­ be maintained and the political, eco­ posed in the first instance of repre­ nomic and social welfare of their sentatives of their three Govern­ peoples fully promoted. ments and of the French Committee This conviction is expressed in a of National Liberation. Provision is declaration in which the Chinese made for addition to this council of Government joined during the con­ representatives of Greece and Yugo­ ference and which was signed by slavia in view of their special inter­ the three Foreign Secretaries and ests arising out of &ggressions of the Chinese Ambassador at Moscow fascist Italy upon fheir territory on behalf of their Governments. during the present war. This coun­ This declaration published today cil will deal with da7-to-day ques­ provides for even closer collabora­ tions other than military prepara­ tion in the prosecution of the war tions and will make recommenda­ and in all matters pertaining to the tions designed to coordinate Allied surrender a.'ld disarmament of tLe policy with regard to Italy. enemies with which the four coun­ The three Foreign Secretaries tries are, respectively, at war. It set considered it appropriate to reaffirm. forth the principles upon which the by a declaration published today, four Governments agree that a the attitude of the Allied Govern­ broad system of international co­ ments ·in favor of the restoration of operation and security should be democracy in Italy. based. Provision is made for the The three Foreign Secretaries de­ inclusion of all other peace-loving clared it to be the purpose of their nations, great and small, in this sys­ Governments to restore the inde­ tem. pendence of Austria. At the same The conference agreed to set up time they reminded Austria that in machinery for ensuring the closest the final settlement account will be cooperation between the three Gov-: taken of efforts that Austria may ernments in the examination of Eu­ make toward its own liberation. ropean questions arising as the war The declaration on Austria is pub­ develops. For this purpose the con­ lished today. ference decided to establish in Lon- The Foreign Secretaries issued at THREE-POWER CONFERENCE DOCUMENTS 1067 the conference a declaration by to be charged and punished accord­ President Roosevelt, Prime Minister ing to the laws of those countries. Churchill and Premier Stalin con­ In an atmosphere of mutual con­ taining a solemn warning that at fidence and understanding which the time of granting any armistice characterized all the work of the to any German Government, those conference, consideration was also German officers and men and mem­ g~ven to other important questions. bers of the Nazi party who have These included not only questiom had any connection with atrocities of a current nature but also ques­ and executions in countries overrun tions concerning treatment of Hit­ by German forces will be taken lerite Germany and its satellites, back to the countries in which their economic coopzration and assurance abominable crimes were committed of general peace.

JOINT FOUR-NATION DECLARATION

. HE Governments of the United pledged for the prosecution of the T States, the United Kingdom, the war against their respective ene­ Soviet Union and China: mies, will be continued for the or­ United in their determination, in ganization and maintenance of accordance with the declaration by peace and security. the United Nations of Jan. 1, 1942, ' 2. That those of them :at war and subsequent declarations, to with a common enemy will act to­ continue hostilities against those gether in all matters relating to the Axis powers with which they re­ surrender and disarmament of that spectively are at war until such enemy. powers have laid down their arms 3. That they will take all meas­ on the basis of unconditional sur­ ures deemed by them to be neces­ render; sary to provide against any viola­ Conscious of their responsibility tion of the terms imposed upon the to secure the liberation of them­ enemy. selves and the peoples allied with 4. That they recognize the neces­ them from the menace of aggres­ sity of establishing at the earliest sion; practicable date a general interna­ Recognizing the necessity of en­ tional organization, based on the suring a r11-pid and orderly transi­ principle of the sovereign equality tion from war to peace and of es­ of all peace-loving states, and open tablishing and maintaining interna­ to membership by all such states, tional peace and security with the large and small, for the mainte­ least diversion of the world's human nance of international peace and se­ and economic resources for arma­ curity. ments; 5. That for the purpose of main­ Jointly declare: taining international peace and se­ 1. That their united action, curity pending the re-establishment 1068 THREE-POWER CONFERENCE DOCUMENTS of law and order and the inaugura­ ritories of other Btates except for tion of a system of general security, the purposes envisaged in this dec­ they will consult with one another laration and after joint consultation. and as occasion requires with other 7. That they will confer and co­ mei_Dbers of the United Nations with operate with one another ·and with a view to joint action on behalf of other members of the United Na­ the community of nations. tions to bring about a practicable 6. That after the termination of general agreement with respect to hostilities they will not employ the regulation of armaments in the their military forces. within the ter- post-war period.

DECLARATION REGARDING ITALY

HE Foreign Secretaries of the sentatives of those sections of the T United States, the United King­ Italian people who have always op­ dom and the Soviet Union have es­ posed fascism. tablished that their three Govern­ 2. Freedom of speech, of reli.: ments are in complete agreement gious worship, of political belief, of that Allied policy toward Italy must press and of public meeting shall be be based upon the ftmdamental prin­ restored in full measure to the ciple that fascism and all its evil Italian people, who shall also be influence and configuration shall be entitled to form anti-fascist political completely destroyed and that the groups. Italian people . shall be given every 3. All institutions and organiza­ opportunity to establish govern­ tions created by the fascist regime mental and other institutions based shall be suppressed. upon democratic principles. 4. All fascist or pro-fascist ele­ The Foreign Secretaries of the ments shall be removed from the United States and United Kingdom administration and from institutions declare that the action of their Gov­ and organizations of a public char­ ernments from the inception of the acter. invasion of Italian territory, in so 5. All political prisoners of the far as paramount military require­ fascist regime shall be released and ments have permitted, has been accorded full amnesty. based upon this policy. 6. Democratic organs of local In furtherance of this policy in government shall be created. the future the Foreign Secretaries 7. Fascist chiefs and army gen­ of the three Governments are erals known or suspected to be war agreed that the following measures criminals shall be arrested and are important and should be put handed over to justice'. into effect: In making this declaration the 1. It is essential that the Italian three Foreign Secretaries recognize Government should be made more that so long as active military oper­ democratic by inclusion of repre- ations continue in Italy the time at THREE-POWER CONFERENCE DOCUlVIENTS 1069 which it. is possible to give full ef­ to this declaration, will, at the re­ fect to the principles stated above quest of any one of them, consult on will be determined by the Com­ this matter. It is further understood mander-in-Chief on the basis of in­ that nothing in this resolution is to structions received through the operate against the right of the combined chiefs of staff. Italian people ultimately to choose The three Governments, parties their own form of government.

DECLARATION ON AUSTRIA

HE Governments of the United tria and thereby to open the way T Kingdom, the Soviet Union and for the Austrian people themselves, the United States of America are as well as their neighboring states agreed that Austria, the first free which will be faced with similar country to fall a victim to Hitlerite problems, to find that political and aggression, shall be liberated from economic security which is the only German domination. basis for lasting peace. They regard the annexation im­ Austria is reminded, however, posed on Austria by Germany on that she has a responsibility, which March 15, 1938, as null and void. she cannot evade, for participation They consider themselves as in no in the war at the side of Hitlerite way bound by any changes effected Germany, and that in the final set­ in Austria since that date. They ·de­ tlement account will ·inevitably be clare that they wish to see re-estab­ taken of her own contribution to lished a free and independent Aus- her liberation.

STATEMENT ON ATROCITIES- SIGNED BY PRESIDENT ROOSE­ VELT, PRIME MINISTER CHURCHILL AND PREMIER ST4IN

'J"'HE United Kingdom, the United that many of these territories are .I. States and the Soviet Union have now being redeemed by the advanc­ received from many quarters evi­ ing armies of the liberating powers dence of atrocities, massacres and and that in their desperation the cold-blooded mass executions which recoiling Hitlerites and Huns are ar~ being perpetrated by Hitlerite redoubling their ruthless cruelties. forces in many of the countries they This is now evidenced with par­ have overrun and from which they ticular clearness by monstrous are now being steadily expelled. crimes on the territory of the So­ The brutalities of Nazi domination viet Union which is being liberated are no new thing, and all peoples from Hitlerites and on French and or territories in thefr grip have suf­ Italian territory. fered from the worst form of gov­ Accordingly, the aforesaid three ernment by terror. What is new is Allied powers, speaking in the in- 1070 THREE-POWER CONFERENCE DOCUMENTS terests of the thirty-two United Na­ Thus, Germans who take part in tions, hereby solemnly declare and wholesale shooting of Italian officers ·give full warning of their declara­ or in the execution of French, tion as follows: Dutch, Belgian or Norwegian hos­ At the time of granting of any tages or of Cretan peasants, or who armistice to any government which have shared in slaughters inflicted may be set up in Germany, those on the people of Poland or in terri­ German officers and men and mem­ tories of the Soviet Union which are bers of the Nazi party who have now being swept clear of the en­ been responsible for or have taken emy, will know they will be brought a consenting part in the above back .to the scene of their crimes atrocities, massacres and executions and judged on the spot by the peo­ will be sent back to the countries ples whom they have outraged. Let in which their abominable deeds those who have hitherto not imbued were done in order that they may their hands with innocent blood be­ be judged and punished according ware lest they join the ranks of the to the laws of these liberated coun­ guilty, for most assuredly the three tries and of the free governments Allied powers will pursue them to which will be erected therein. Lists the uttermost ends of the earth and will be compiled in all possible de­ ,,.ill deliver them to their accusers tail from all these countries, having in order that justice may be done. regard especially to invaded parts The above declaration is without of the Soviet Union, to Poland and prejudice to the case of German Czechoslovakia, to Yugoslavia and criminals whose offenses have no Greece, including Crete and other particular geographical localization islands; to Norway, Denmark, the and who will be punished by joint Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, decision of the Governments o:f the France ~nd Italy. Allies. SPEED THE DAY OF VICTORY

BY JOSEPH STALIN

(Report before the Moscow Soviet, November 6, 1943, on the occcuion of the twent11-sixth anniversary of the October Socialist Revolution)

OMRADES, today the peoples of ments of the October Revolution C the Soviet Union are celebrating without sparing their strength or the twenty-sixth anniversary of the their lives. As is well known, these great October Socialist Revolution. efforts of the army and people were For the third time, our country is not in vain. marking the anniversary of her Shortly after the October days peoples' revolution in the condi­ last year, our troops passed over to tions of this patriotic war. the offensive and struck a fresh, In October, 1941, our motherland powerful barrage of blows at the lived through hard days. The enemy Germans, first at Stalingrad, in the approached ouf' capital. He sur­ Caucasus, and in the area of the rounded Leningrad from the land. middle reaches of the Don, and then Our troops were compelled to re­ at the beginning of 1943 at Velikye treat. It demanded the enormous Luki, at Leningrad and in the efforts of the army and the action Rzhev and Vyazma area. of all Oil. the forces of the people to Since then, the Red Army never check the enemy and to strike a let the initiative· out of its hands. setious blow at him at Moscow. Its blows throughout the summer of By October, 1942, the danger to this year have become increasingly our motherland became even great­ stronger, its military skill has grown er. The enemy stood then barely 120 with every month. Since then our kilometers .away from Moscow, . he troops won big victories and the had broken into Stalingrad and en­ Germans suffered one defeat after tered the foothills of the Caucasus. another. No matter how hard the But, even in those grave days, the enemy tried, he failed to score army and people did not lose heart any success on the Soviet-German but staunchly bore all trials. They front that was of the least impor­ found the strength to check the tance. enemy and deal him a retaliating blow. • I. A Year of a Radical Turn in the True to the behests of our great Course of the War Lenin, they defended the achieve- The past year. between the twen- 1071 1072 SPEED THE DAY OF VICTORY ty-fifth and twenty-sixth anniver­ million square kilometers of terri­ saries of the October Revolution, tory, that is, almost two-thirds of was a year marking the turn in the the Soviet land temporarily seized patriotic war. This year marked a by the enemy. turn in the first place because in Along with this, the enemy troops this year the Red Army for the have been hurled back from Vladi­ first time during the course of the kavkaz to Kherson, from Elista to war succeeded in carrying through Krivoi Rog, from Stalingrad to a big summer offensive against the Kiev, from Voronezh to Gomel, German troops and, under the blows from Vyazma and Rzhev to the ap­ of our forces, the German fascist proaches of Orsha and Vitebsk. troops were compelled to abandon Having no faith in the stability of hurriedly the territory they had their earlier successes on the seized, not infrequently saving Soviet-German front, the Germans themselves from encirclement by for a long time beforehand built flight and abandoning on the battle­ powerful defense lines, especially field huge quantities of equipment, along the big rivers. But in this stores of arms and ammunition, and year's battles neither rivers nor large numbers of wounded officers powerful fortifications saved the and men. Germans. Thus, the successes of our summer Our troops shattered the Ger­ campaign in "the second half of this mans' defenses and in only three year followed up and completed the months of the summer of 1943 skill­ successes of our winter campaign fully forced four very serious water at the beginning of this year. barriers-the North Donets, the Now, when the Red Army, devel­ Desna, the Sozh and the Dnieper. I oping the successes of the winter do not speak even of such barriers campaign, has dealt a powerful as the German defense in the area blow at the German troops in the of the river Mius, west of Rostov, summer, it is possible to consider and their defenses in the area of finally dead and buried the fairy the river Molochnaya near Melit­ tale that the Red Army is allegedly opol. At present the Red Army is incapable of conducting a success­ battering the enemy successfully on ful offensive· in the summer time. the other side of the Dnieper. The past year has shown that the This year is marking a turn also Red Army can carry through an because the Red Army within a offensive in summer just as well as comparatively short time was able in the winter. to annihilate and grind down the As a result of these offensive op­ most experien;:ed of the old cadres erations, our troops in the course of the German fascist troops, and at of the past year have been able to the same time to steel and multiply fight their way forward from 500 its own cadres in successful offen­ kilometers in the central part of the sive battles in the course of the year. front up to 1,300 kilometers in the In the battles on the Soviet-Ger­ south and to liberate nearly one man front during the past year, the SPEED THE DAY OF VICTORY 1073

German fascist army lost more than From the purely ~litary point of 4,000,000 officers and men, including view, the defeat of the German not less than 1,800,000 killed. Be­ troops on our front by the close of sides, the Germans also lost during this year was predetermined by two that year more than 14,000 aircraft, major events-the battle of Stalin­ over 25,000 tanks and not less than grad and the battle of Kursk. 40,000 guns. The battle of Stalingrad ended in The German fascist army now is the encirclement of a German army not what it was at the outbreak of 300,000 strong, in its rout and the the war. While at the outbreak of capture of about one-third of the the war it had sufficient numbers surrounded troops. of experienced cadres, now it has To form an idea of the scale of been diluted with fresh-baked, the slaughter, unparalleled in his­ young, inexperienced officers whom tory, which took place on the fields the Germans are hurriedly throw­ of Stalingrad, one should note that ing into the front, since they had after the battle of Stalingrad was neither the necessary reserves of over, there were found and buried officers nor the time to train them. 147,200 dead German officers and Quite another picture is present­ men and 46,700 dead Soviet officers ed today by the Red Army. Its and men. Stalingrad signified a cadres have grown and been tem­ decline for the German fascist army. pered in the successful offensive As is well known, the Germans, battles in the course of the past after the Stalingrad slaughter, were year. The numbers of its flghting unable to recover. cadres are growing and will grow As to the battle of Kursk, it end­ as the existence of an officer re­ ed in the rout of the two main ad­ serve gives it time and opportunity vancing groups of the German fas­ to train young officer cadres and cist forces and in our troops launch­ promote them to responsible posts. ing a counter-offensive which It is characteristic that instead of turned subsequently into a power­ the 240 divisions which faced our ful summer offensive of the Red front last year, 179 of them being Army. German divisions, this year the Red The battle of Kursk began with Army front is faced with 257 divi­ the German offensive against Kursk sions of which 207 are German. The from the north and south. That was Germans evidently count on com­ the last attempt of the Germans to pensating for the lower quality of carry out a big summer offensive their divisions by increasing their and in the event of its success re­ numbers. However, the defeat of deem their losses. As is well known, the Germans in the past yea~ shows the offensive ended in failure. that it is impossible to compensate The Red Army not only repulsed ·for the deterioration in the quality the German offensive but passed of the divisions by increasing their over to the offensive itself and by a numbers. series of consecutive blows in the 1074 SPEED THE DAY OF VICTORY course of the summer period hurled does not look as if this circumstance back the German fascist troops be­ has brought about any improvement yond the Dnieper. in the position of the German fas­ U the battle of Stalingrad fore­ cist army. It may prove necessary shadowed the decline of the German to proclaim another "total" mobili­ fascist army, the battle of Kursk zation and there is no reason why confronted it with disaster. the repetition of such a measure Finally, this year was the year should not result in the "total" col­ marking a turn because the success­ lapse of a certain state. ful offensive of the Red Army radi­ The Germans counted on retain­ cally aggravated the economic and ing a firm hold on the Ukraine in military-political situation of fascist order to avail themselves of Germany and confronted her with Ukrainian agricultural produce for the most profound crisis. their army and population and of The Germans counted on carry­ Donbas coal for the factories and ing out a successful offensive on the railways serving the German army. Soviet-German front in the sum­ But here, too, they miscalculated. mer of this year to redeem their As a result of the successes of the losses and bolster up their shaken offensive of the Red Army, the prestige in Europe. B~t the Red Germans lost not only the Donbas Army upset the Germans' calcula­ coal, but also the richest grain tions; it repulsed their offensive, growing regions of the Ukraine, and launched an offensive itself, and there is no reason to think that proceeded to drive the Germans they will not lose the rest of the westward, thereby crushing the Ukraine too in the nearest future. prestige of German arms. Naturally, all these miscalcula­ The Germans counted on taking tions could not but impair and in a line prolonging the war; they fact did radically impair the eco­ started building defense lines and nomic and military-political situa­ "walls" and proclaimed for all to tion of fascist Germany. Fascist hear that their new positions were Germany is experiencing a pro­ impregnable. But the Red Army· found crisis. She faces disaster. again upset the Germans' calcula­ tions; it broke through their defense II. Nationwide Assistance to the lines and "walls" and continues to Front advance successfully, giving them no time to drag out the war. The successes of the Red Army The Germans counted on rectify­ would have been impossible with­ ing the situation at the front by out the support of the people, with­ "total" mobilization. But here, too, out the selfless work of the Soviet events have upset the Germans' people in the factories and plants, calculations. The summer campaign collieries and mines, in transport already has consumed two-thirds of and agriculture. the "totally" mobilized men, but it In the hard conditions of wartime, SPEED THE DAY OF VICTORY 1075 the Soviet people proved able to en­ struction built up a highly devel­ sure its army everything that was oped and powerful socialist indus­ most necessary and have constantly try, have been working during this perfected its fighting equipment. patriotic war with a real fury of Never during the whole course of energy to help the front, displaying the war has the enemy been able true labor heroism. to surpass our army as regards Everyone knows that in the war quality of arms. At the same time against the U.S.S.R. the Hitlerites our industry supplied the front with had at their disposal not only the ever increasing quantities of fight­ highly developed industry of Ger­ ing equipment. many but. also the fairly powerful The past year was a year mark­ industries of the vassal and occupied ing a turn not only in the progress countries. And yet the Hitlerites of hostilities, but also in the work failed to maintain the quantitative of our rear. We were no longer superiority in military equipment confronted with such tasks as evac­ which they had at the outbreak of uating enterprises to the east and the war against the Soviet Union. switching over industry to the pro­ If the former superiority of the en­ duction of munitions. The Soviet emy in regard to the number of state now has an efficient, rapidly tanks, aircraft, mortars and auto­ expanding war economy. matic rifles has now been eliminat­ Thus, all the. efforts of the people ed, if our army now experiences no could be concentrated on increas­ serious shortage of arms, ammuni­ ing production and on further im­ tion and equipment, the credit for proving armaments; especially this goes, in the first place, to our tanks, aircraft guns, and self-pro­ working class. pelling artillery. In this we have The peasants of the Soviet Union, gained big successes. Supported by who during the years of peaceful the entire people, the Red Army construction, on the basis of the received uninterrupted supplies of collective farm system, transformed fighting equipment; it rained mil­ backward farming into up-to-date lions of bombs, mortar and artillery agriculture, have displayed during shells upon the enemy and brought this patriotic war a high degree of thousands of tanks and aircraft into understanding of the common na­ battle. tional ·interest without parallel in There is every ground to say that the history of the countryside. the selfless labor of the Soviet peo­ By their selfless labor to help the ple in the rear will go down in his­ front, they have shown that the tory along with the heroic struggle Soviet peasantry considers this· war of the Red Army as an unexampled against the Germans its own cause, feat of the people in defense of their a war for its !ife and liberty. motherland. It is well known that as a result The workers of the Soviet Union, of the invasion by the fascist h6rdes who in the years of peaceful con- our country was deprived tempo- 1076 SPEED THE DAY OF VICTORY rarily of important agricultural dis­ antry in helping the front. The So­ tricts of the Ukraine, Don and Ku­ viet intelligentsia is working. with ban. Nevertheless, our collective devotion for the defense of our and state farms supplied the army country, constantly improving the and country with food without any . armaments of the Red Army and serious interruptions. Naturally, the technology and organization of without the collective farming sys­ production. tem, without the selfless labor of For helping the workers and col­ the men and women collective lective farmers tc expand industry farmers, we could not have coped and agriculture and for promoting with this most difficult task. Soviet science and culture under If in the third year of the war conditions of war, the credit goes our army experiences no shortage to our intelligentsia. of food, if the population is sup­ All the peoples of the Soviet plied with food and industry with Union have risen as one to defend raw materials, it shows the strength their motherland, rightly consider­ and vitality of the collective farm ing the present patriotic war the system and the patriotism of the common cause of all working peo­ collective farm peasantry. ple, irrespective of nationality or A great part in helping the front religion. By now the Hitlerite poli­ has been played by our transport­ ticians themselves see how hope­ by rail transport in the first place lessly stupid were their hopes of and also by river, sea and motor discord and strife among the peo­ transport. As is known, transport is ples of the Soviet Union. The a vital means of communication be­ friendship of the peoples of our tween the rear and the front. One country has stood the strain of all may manufacture great quantities the hardships and trials of war and of arms and ammunition but if has become tempered still further transport does not deliver them to in the common struggle of all So­ the front in time, they may remain viet people against the fascist in­ a dead weight as far as the front is vader. concerned. It must be said that This is the source of the strength transport plays a decisive part in of the Soviet Union. the timely delivery to the front of As in the years of peaceful con­ arms, ammunition, food, clothing struction so in the days of war the and so on; and if in spite of war­ leading and guiding force of the So­ time difficulties and the shortage of viet people has been the party of fuel we have been able to supply Lenin, the party of Bolsheviks. No the front with everything necessary, other party ever enjoyed or now credit should be given in the first enjoys such prestige among the place to our transport workers and masses of people as our Bolshevik employees. Party. And this is understandable. Nor does the intelligentsia lag Under the leadership of the party behind the working class and peas- of Bolsheviks, the workers, peasants SPEED THE DAlY OF VICTORY 1077 and intelligentsia of our country set up twenty-six years ago has won their freedom and built a so­ transformed our country within a cialist society. In this patriotic war short historical period into an im­ the party stood before us as inspirer pregnable fortress. The Red Army and organizer of the nationwide has the most stable and reliable struggle against the fascist invader. rear of all the armies in the world. The organizational work of the par­ This is the source of the strength ty united and directed all the efforts of the Soviet Union. of the Soviet people toward the There is no doubt that the Soviet common goal, subordinating all our state will emerge from the war even forces and means to the cause of the stronger and more consolidated. The enemy's defeat. During the war the German invaders are desolating and party cemented still further its kin­ devastating our lands in an en­ ship with the people, has established deavor to undermine the power of still closer ties with the broad our state. To an even greater ex­ masses of working people. tent than before the offensive of the This is the source of the strength Red Army has exposed the barbar­ of our state. ous bandit nature of the Hitlerite The present war has forcefully army. In the districts they seized confirmed Lenin's well known state­ the Germans exterminated hun­ ment that war is the all-round test dreds of thousands of our civilians. of a nation's material and spiritual Like medieval barbarians or the forces. The history of war teaches hordes of Attila, the German fiends that only those states stood this test trample the fields, burn down vil­ which proved stronger than their lages and towns and .demolish in­ adversaries as regards the develop­ dustrial enterprises and cultural in­ ment and organization of their econ­ stitutions. The Germans' crimes are omy, as regards the experience, skill evidence of the weakness of the and fighting spirit of their troops, fascist invaders, for it is only usurp­ and as regards the fortitude and ers who themselves don't believe in unity of their people throughout the their victory who act in this way. war. Ours is just such a statJ. And the more hopeless the position The Soviet state was never so of the Hitlerites becomes, the more stable and solid as now in the third viciously they rage in their atroci­ year of the patriotic war. The les­ ties and plunder. sons of the war show that the Soviet Our people will not forgive the system has proved not only the best German fiends for these crimes. We form of organizing the economic shall make the German criminals and cultural development of the answer for all their misdeeds. country in the years of peaceful In areas where the fascist cut­ construction, but also the best form throats are for the time being mas­ of mobilizing all the forces of the ters we shall have to restore de­ people for resistance to the enemy molished towns and villages, indus­ in time of war. The Soviet Power try, transport, agriculture and cul- 1()118 SPEED THE DAY OF VICTORY tural institutions, we shall have to enemy, grown stronger and more create normal living conditions for enduring. Eloquent evidence of this the Soviet people delivered from are the historic decisions of the Mos­ fascist slavery. The work of restora­ cow Conference of representative! tion of economy and culture is al­ of the Soviet Union, Great Britain ready going full blast in the districts and the United States of America, liberated from the enemy. But this recently published in the press. Now is only the beginning. We must com­ our united countries are filled with pletely eliminate the consequences determination to deal the enemy of German domination in the dis­ joint blows which will result in tricts liberated from German occu­ final victory over him. pation. This year the Red Army's blow:~ This is a great national task. We at the German :fascist troops were can and must cope with' this difficult supported by fighting operations of task within a short time. our Allies in North Africa, in the Mediterranean basin and in South­ Ill. Consolidation of th.e Anti-Hit­ ern Italy. At the same time the ler Coalition--Disintegration of Allies subjected and are still sub­ the Fascist Bloc jecting important industrial cen­ The past year marked the turn, ters of Germany to substantial not only in the patriotic war of the bombing and are thus considerably Soviet Union but in the whole world weakening the enemy's military war. power. If to all this is added the Changes which have taken place fact that the Allies are regularly during this year in the military and supplying us with various munitions international . situation have been and raw materials then it can be favorable to the U.S.S.R. and the said without exaggeration that by Allied countries friendly to it, and all this they fadlitated considerably detrimental to Germany and her the successes of our summer cam­ accomplices in brigandage in Eu­ paign. Of course the present actions rope. of Allied armies in South Europe The victories of the Red Army cam1ot as yet be l'egarded as the have had results and consequences second front, but still this is some­ far beyond the limits of the Soviet­ thing li~e a second front. Obviously German Front; they have changed the opening of the real second front the whole further course of the in Europe, which is not so distant, world war and acquired great in­ will considerably hasten victory ternational significance. The victory over- Hitlerite Germany and will of the Allied countries over the consolidate even more the fighting common enemy has come nearer partnership of the Allied countries. while relations among the Allies, Thus events of the past year show the fighting partnership of their that the anti-Hitlerite coalition is a armies, far from weakening, have, firm assodation of peoples and rests contrary to the expectations of the on .a solid foundation. SPEED THE DAY OF VICTORY 1079 By now it is obvious to everybody bumps and black eyes instead. An­ that by unleashing their war the ticipating this unattractive pros­ Hitlerite clique led Germany and pect Hitler's accomplices are now her flunkeys into a hopeless im­ racking their brains for a way to passe. Defeats of the fascist troops get out of the war with as few on the Soviet-German front and the bumps and black eyes as possible. blows of our allies at the Halo­ Italy's example shows the Hitler German troops have shaken the vassals that the longer they post­ whole edifice of the fascist bloc, pone their inevitable break with the which is crumbling now before our Germans and permit them to lord very eyes. it in their states the greater is the Italy has dropped out of the Hit­ devastation in store for their coun­ lerite coalition never to return. tries, the more suffering their peo­ Mussolini can change nothing be­ ples will have to bear. Italy's ex­ cause he is in fact prisoner of the ample also shows that Hitlerite Germans. Next in line are the other Germany has no intention ~f ·de­ partners in the coalition. Finland, fending her vassal countries but Hungary, Rumania and the other means to convert them into a scene vassals of Hitler, 'discouraged by of devastating war if only she can Germany's military defeats, have stave ott the hour of her own defeat. now finally lost faith in the outcome The cause of German fascism js of the war being favorable for them lost and the sanguinary "New Or­ and are anxious to find a way out der" it has set up is on the way to of the bog into which Hitler has collapse. The outburst of the peo­ dragged them. Now that the time ples' wrath against the fascist en­ has come to answer for their brig- slavers is brewing in the occupied eandage, Hitlerite Germany's accom­ countries of Europe. Germany's ·for­ plices in plunder, but recently so mer prestige in the countries of her obedient to their master, are look­ allies and in neutral countries is lost ing around searching for an oppor­ beyond· recovery and her economic tune moment to slip out of the ban­ and political ties with neutral states dit gang unnoticed. ha\<-e been undermined. In entering the war the partners The time is long past when the in the Hitlerite bloc counted on a Hitlerite clique clamored botister­ quick victory. They had already al­ ously about the Germans winning lotted beforehand who would . get world domination. Now, as is well what: who would get buns and pies known, the Germans have other and who bumps and black eyes. matters than world domination to They naturally meant bumps and worry about; they have to think black eyes for their adversaries and about keeping body and soul to­ buns and pies for themselves. But gether. now it is obvious that Germany Thus the course of the war has and her flunkeys will get no buns shown that the alliance of fascist and pies but will have to share the states did not and does not rest on a 1080 SPEED THE DAY OF VICTORY reliable foundation. The Hitlerite the possibility of new aggression on coalition was formed on the basis of the part of Germany, and predatory rapacious ambitions of 5. Establish lasting economic,. po­ its members. As long as the Hitler­ litical and cultural collaboration ites were scoring military successes among the peoples of Europe based the fascist coalition seemed to be a on mutual confidence and mutual stable association. But the very first assistance for the purpose of reha­ defeat of the fascist troops resulted bilitating the economic and cultural in the actual disintegration of the life destroyed by the Germans. bandit bloc. Hitlerite Germany and During the past year, the her vassals stand on the verge of Red Army and the Soviet people disaster. achieved great successes in the The victory of the Allied coun­ struggle against the German in­ tries over Hitlerite Germany will vaders. We have achieved a radical put on the agenda important ques­ turning point in the war in favor of tions of organizing and rebuilding our country and now the war is the state, economic and cultural life heading for its final outcome. But of the European peoples. The policy it is not like the Soviet people to of our government in these ques­ rest on their achievements, to exult tions remains unchanged. Together in their successes. Victory may with our Allies we shall have to: elude us if complacency appears in 1. Liberate the peoples of Eu­ our ranks. Victory cannot be won rope from the fascist invaders and without struggle and strain. It is help them rebuild their national won in battle. Victory is near now states dismembered by the fascist but· to win it fresh exertion of invaders; the peoples of France, strength is needed, selfless work Belgium, Yugoslavia, Czechoslo­ throughout our rear and skillful and• vakia, Poland, Greece and other resolute actions by the Red Army states now under the German yoke at the front. It would be a crime must again become free and inde­ against our motherland, against the pendent. Soviet people who have fallen tem­ 2. Grant the liberated people of porarily under the fascist yoke, Europe full rights and freedom to against the peoples of Europe lan­ decided for themselves the question guishing under German oppression, of their form of government. if we failed to use all opportuni­ 3. Take measures so that all fas­ ties to hasten the enemy's defeat. cists who are to blame for this war The enemy must not be given any and the suffering of peoples bear respite. That is why we must exert stern punishment and retribution all our strength to finish off the for all the crimes they have com­ enemy. mitted no matter in what country The Soviet people and the Red they may hide; Army clearly see the difficulties of 4. Establish such order in Eu­ the coming struggle. But already rope as will completely preclude now it is clear that the day of our SPEED THE DAY OF VICTORY 1081 victory is approaching. The war has Latvia, Esthonia, Moldavia, and entered a stage when it is a ques­ the Karelo-Finnish Republic. tion of driving the invaders com­ Comrades! For the victory of the pletely from Soviet soil and liqui­ Anglo-Sovie+-American fighting al­ dating the fascist "New Order in liance! For the liberation of the Europe." The time is not far dis­ peoples of Europe from the fascist tant when we shall completely clear yoke! For th;e complete expulsion of the German fiends from our land! the enemy from the Ukraine and Long live our. Red Army! Long Byelorussia, from Leningrad and live our Navy! Long live our gal­ the Kalinin Region, and shall lib­ lant men and women partisans! erate from the German invaders Long live our great Motherland! the peoples of Crimea, Lithuania, Death to the German invader! PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT'S GREETINGS TO PRESIDENT KALININ

(Qa the occasion of the twenty-sixth anniversary of t~ Octobet' Socialist Revolution, November 7, 1943)

HE anniversary of the founding Red Army has hurled back the in­ T twenty-six years ago of the vader. To the Red Army and people Union of Soviet Socialist Republics of th~ Soviet Union belong eternaJ falls this year at a time when free- honor and glory. They have written ( dom-loving peoples everywhere are deathless pages of history in the dealing fateful blows at the enemy struggle against tyranny and op­ who dared attempt to enslave and pression. Their example and sacri­ oppress them. On the battlefields fice are an inspiration to all the and by the growth of cooperatio.'l forces joined in the common strug­ . and single-minded purpose, the gle for victory. members of the United Nations are In a spirit of unity, made even driving the forces of aggression to­ more evident in the agreements re­ ward irreparable defeat. cently concluded at Moscow, and Allow me, on this day, to con­ with the strength derived from mu­ gratulate you, the people and the tual understanding, confidence and leaders of the Soviet Union, and to active collaboration, the United Na­ express the· deep admiration of my­ tions will overthrow the forces of · self and my countrymen, for the aggression and establish and main­ magnificent manner in which the tain a just, enduring peace.

1082 THE MOSCOW CONFERENCE, NATIONAL UNITY, AND THE ELECTIONS*

BY EUGENE DENNIS

L part of the principa1l decisions and agreements on principles which re-· T IS generally recognized in prac­ suited from the Conference. I tically all sections of American Yet, what most observers and public opinion that the recent Tri­ spokesmen fail to understand fully Power Conference held at Moscow is the main feature of the confer­ was a historic event, and that its ence decisions, namely: that the· decisions constitute a powerful blow chief decisions of the Conference, against Hitler Germany and its sat­ including those directly affecting ellites, and against the negotiated­ post-war questions, were a series of peace forces in the United States military-political and economic and Great Britain. Furthermore, it agreements calculated, in the first is almost universally understood place, to shorten the war, to hasten that the accords arrived at between by joint action the military destruc­ Hull, Molotov and Eden signalize tion of Hitlerite Germany. that the relations between the Unit­ The measures and accords adopt­ ed States, England, and the Soviet ed by the Conference are designed, Union have become closer, and that in the first place, to expedite vic­ a firmer basis has been laid for post­ tory, as well as post-war collabora­ war collaboration. tion. This is evidenced by the very But most commentators and pub­ nature of the decisions and agree­ lic spokesmen, in estimating the ments. Moscow deliberations, appear to see This is obviously so in respect to the main significance of the Con­ the military discussions which serve ference in the fact that it adopted to better coordinate present military the Four-Power Declaration which operations of the three powers, and includes agreement for establishing which create the basis for the clos­ an international organization for est military cooperation in the fu­ maintaining peace and post-war se­ ture. curity. This, of course, is of enor­ This is true, further, in regard to mous importance and is an organic the establishment of the permanent Advisory Commissions on European • -!\bridged ~zt of • report delivered at • problems and on Italy, as well as in Midwest conference of Communist Party leaders in Chicago on November 10. the assignment to Moscow of au- 1083

tion tion to to J:P,aintain J:P,aintain alignment alignment peace peace of of and and the the security security United United States States in in

an an international international post-war post-war organiza­ sistance. sistance. They They mark mark the the de de facto facto

tion, tion, as as well well as as the the establishment establishment of of twenty-year twenty-year treaty treaty for for mutual mutual as­

armistice armistice ciples ciples terms, terms, set set military military forth forth in in occupa­ the the Anglo-Soviet Anglo-Soviet

concerning concerning opment opment unconditional unconditional and and extension extension surrender, surrender, of of the the prin­

questions questions constitute constitute cerned, cerned, a a further further including including devel­ the the agreement agreement

Four-Power Four-Power These These Declaration Declaration agreements agreements is is con­ on on post-war post-war

in in the the very very course course of of the the Insofar Insofar war. war. as as the the highly highly important important

occupied occupied immediate immediate countries. countries. post-war post-war problems problems now, now,

fectuating fectuating the the solution solution the the of of popular popular a a :Peries :Peries upsurge upsurge of of in in the the Nazi­

man man army, army, Nations. Nations. as as well well These These as as to to agreements agreements heighten heighten are are ef­

Reich, Reich, particularly particularly and and the the Declaration Declaration within within the the Ger­ of of the the United United

anti-HiUer anti-HiUer and and opposition opposition blood blood to to within within the the Atlantic Atlantic the the Charter Charter

Hitlerite Hitlerite camp camp and and to to strengthen strengthen the the case case of of the the agreement agreement on on Italy, Italy, flesh flesh

demoralization demoralization and and dissension dissension in in the the They They are are helping helping give, give, as as in in the the

political political act act to to speed speed the the process process of of nebulous nebulous promises promises or or pious pious pledges. pledges.

ribution ribution in in the the future; future; it it is is also also a a These These pacts pacts and and declarations declarations are are no no

merely merely an an agreement agreement to to secure secure ret­ anteeing anteeing a a just just and and stable stable peace. peace.

rorists, rorists, we we find find that that this this is is not not and and vital vital contributions contributions toward toward guar­

the the fascist fascist war war instigators instigators and and ter­ For For these these pacts pacts are are substantial substantial

on on war war guilt guilt and and the the punishment punishment of of questions. questions.

Again, Again, if if we we take take the the declaration declaration solution solution of of many many key key post-war post-war

of of the the war. war. war war world world and and for for facilitating facilitating the the

Bulgaria, Bulgaria, to to take take these these countries countries out out tion tion of of the the three three powers powers in in the the post­

Finland, Finland, Hungary, Hungary, Rumania Rumania and and pacts pacts for for continuing continuing the the collabora­

within within Austria, Austria, but but also also within within far-reaching far-reaching significance significance of of the the

movements movements and and tendencies, tendencies, not not only only sals, sals, no no one one should should minimize minimize the the

likewise likewise serves serves to to promote promote all all der der of of Hitler Hitler Germany Germany and and its its vas­

within within the the Hitler Hitler camp; camp; and and which which accelerate accelerate the the unconditional unconditional surren­

further further division division and and disintegration disintegration tance tance of of the the Conference Conference decisions decisions to to

liberation liberation movement movement and and creating creating In In emphasizing emphasizing the the prime prime impor­

at at spurring spurring on on the the Austrian Austrian national national tion tion and and concerted concerted action. action.

the the accord accord on on Austria, Austria, which which aims aims impeded impeded closer closer military military collabora­

This This is is similarly similarly true true as as regards regards litical litical obstacles obstacles which which till till now now have have

within within that that tion, tion, country. country. has has removed removed a a number number of of po:­

democratic, democratic, anti-fascist anti-fascist regime regime post-war post-war security security and and reconstruc­

fascism fascism and and cooperation cooperation the the establishment establishment and and the the organization organization of of a a of of

process process facilitate facilitate the the liquidation liquidation of of guiding guiding principles principles affecting affecting mutual mutual · ·

from from Nazi Nazi domination domination and and in in that that lishing lishing a a concrete concrete approach approach and and

the the complete complete liberation liberation of of Italy Italy the the anti-Hitler anti-Hitler coalition, coalition, by by estab­

Italy-decisions Italy-decisions that that will will promote promote agreement agreement of of the the leading leading powers powers of of

with with the the agreements agreements dealing dealing with with now, now, as as victory victory draws draws nearer, nearer, this this

This This is is to to also also hasten hasten the the case case victory. victory. in in connection connection For, For, p:r:.ecisely p:r:.ecisely

staff. staff. post-war post-war problems, problems, but but of of decisions decisions

Anglo-American Anglo-American only only in in combined combined terms terms of of solving solving chiefs chiefs certain certain of of vital vital

thoritative thoritative -this -this representatives representatives too too should should be be understood, understood, of the the not not

1084 1084 ' ' THE THE MOSCOW MOSCOW CONFERENCE CONFERENCE AND AND NATIONAL NATIONAL UNITY UNITY THE MOSCOW CONFERENcE AND NATIONAL UNITY 1085 that war and post-war treaty oi duction; achieving international alliance, which, to all effects and trade union unity of action. In purposes, is now a concordance of short, everything must be done to the three most powerful states, make the Moscow agreements an joined by China, leading the coali­ occasion for a new patriotic up­ tion of freedom-loving peoples. surge and a redoubled national war But in seeing this, we must not effort on the military, political, and lose sight of the fact that the great production fronts. significance of the Moscow Confer­ ence is its contribution to the in­ * * * tensification and the increased co­ In analyzing the' successful out­ ordination of the combined military come of the Conference, the ques­ efforts of the anti-Hitler coalition tion naturally arises as to how it for hastening victory, thereby help­ was possible in so short a space of ing create the firmest basis for the time to achieve such basic accords continuation of the Anglo-Soviet­ on so many vital problems. This American alliance in the post-war question has been raised, with some period. justification, especially in view of It is especially necessary to em­ the well-known difficulties and dif­ phasize this because, while victory ferences preceding' the Conference, is approaching, the war is not yet which were adversely affecting the won. Hard and costly fighting lies relations between the three powers, ahead. To obtain an early victory, particularly the tension and strains the prerequisites for which now ex­ that inevitably arose within the ist, the Moscow agreements must be coalition over the prolonged absence implemented to bring about imme­ of Anglo-American military opera­ diately the greatest combined war tions in Western Europe. effort and concerted military action Two main factors can be noted as of the three powers. having pre-determined the favor­ It is necessary to emphasize this able outcome of the Conference: because, in mobilizing the broadest First, the decisions of the Con­ and most active support of labor ference were based upon and were and all patriotic forces behind the influenced by a new military and Moscow agreements, maximum at­ political sit,uation, by a profoundly tention must be focused on solving new relation of forces on the So­ the most pressing win-the-war viet-German front, and hence, in­ tasks, of securing the speediest ful­ ternationally. They were influenced fillment of the Moscow decisions. by the changed relation of forces Foremost among these tasks are: created by the Soviet Union and its supporting the decision to speed the Red Army, as well as by a changed opening of the Second Front; relation of forces in a number of strengthening national unity in sup­ the Nazi-occupied countries, and by port of the Commander-in-Chief changes effected by American and and the war program of the govern­ British military operations in Afri­ ment; routing the defeatists and ob­ ca and Italy-changes which signify structionists; expanding war pro- that the fighting alliance and col-

These These joint joint and and natural natural interests, interests, the the Three Three Powers, Powers, but but also also have have

bers bers of of the the anti-Hitler anti-Hitler the the cooperation cooperation coalition. coalition. and and bonds bonds between between

mon mon interests interests of of the the leading leading mem­ ranean ranean area area not not only only have have enhanced enhanced

Conference Conference is is a a result result of of the the com­ operations operations in in Italy Italy and and the the Mediter­

Moreover, Moreover, the the great great success success of of the the fensives fensives over over Europe Europe and and military military

have have greatly greatly altered altered world world The The relations. relations. British British and and American American air air of­

his his historic historic November November 6 6 address, address, tries, tries, which which must must be be reckoned reckoned with. with.

which, which, as as Joseph Joseph Stalin Stalin analyzed· analyzed· in in fascist fascist alignment alignment within within these these coun­

decisive decisive Eastern Eastern Front, Front, changes changes brought brought about about a a new new political political anti­

changed changed relation relation of of forces forces on on the the their their "New "New Order." Order." They They have have

accords accords reflect reflect particularly particularly ing ing heavy heavy blows blows the the at at the the Naz1s Naz1s and and

political political situation. situation. tial tial The The Conference Conference front front in in Italy, Italy, are are deal­ n~tional n~tional

Poland Poland and and tially tially France, France, reflected, reflected, and and the the the the influen­ new new military­

movements movements mentally mentally and and resistance resistance influenced influenced centers centers by, by, in in and and par­

Conference Conference decisions decisions Yugoslavia, Yugoslavia, were were funda­ the the powerful powerful partisan partisan

The The national-liberation national-liberation Thus, Thus, is is clear clear army army that that the· the· of of Moscow Moscow it it

Bucharest. Bucharest. Party. Party. · ·

patriotic patriotic activity activity of of the the Communist Communist lin, lin, Helsinki, Helsinki, Budapest, Budapest, Sofia Sofia and and

ing ing the the political political influence influence the the unstable unstable and and relations relations the the between between Ber­

role role of of key key sections sections of of labor, labor, includ­ morale morale and and power power and and aggravating aggravating

in in no no small small part, part, to to Axis, Axis, the the but but influential influential shattering shattering German German army army

helping helping to to Union Union break break and and the the our our Rome-Berlin Rome-Berlin other other allies, allies, is is due, due,

and and a a firm firm alliance alliance against against with with the the Hitler Hitler Soviet Soviet Germany, Germany, not not only only

decisive decisive movement movement and and devastating devastating for for increased increased blows blows cooperation cooperation

and and the the Soviet Soviet titude titude of of system system millions millions has has rendered rendered and and the the growing growing

ed ed war. war. The The might might of of the the Red Red Army Army within within our our country, country, the the changed changed at­

cepts cepts of of waging waging note note in in a a long long passing passing and and that that protract­ this this situation situation

but but also also of of some some the the Anglo-American Anglo-American appeasers. appeasers. And And here here con­ we we might might

Hitler's Hitler's plans plans very very inadequate inadequate for for world world domination, domination, unity unity and and the the noise noise

achievements achievements in in strength, strength, have have upset, upset, notwithstanding notwithstanding not not only only their their

machine. machine. Its Its glorious glorious military military certed certed military military action action have have grown grown

smash smash the the Hitlerites Hitlerites and and their their war war unified unified military military strategy strategy and and con­

territory territory from from the the Nazis, Nazis, but but to to coalition coalition and and the the establishment establishment of of a a

ability, ability, not not only only to to liberate liberate its its own own ing ing of of the the Anglo-Soviet-American Anglo-Soviet-American

coalition. coalition. It It has has demonstrated demonstrated its its the the forces forces favoring favoring the the strengthen­

affairs affairs and and within within the the anti-Hitler anti-Hitler United United States States as as well well as as Britain, Britain,

stronger stronger position position Hitler Hitler coalition, coalition, in in international international both both within within the the

of of the the war war and and has has attained attained a a Since Since the the formation formation of of the the anti­

been been strengthened strengthened during during the the course course cially cially from from the the British British Isles. Isles.

Further, Further, the the Soviet Soviet Union Union has has gether gether with with new new Allied Allied blows, blows, espe­

phase. phase. idly idly extended extended and and concluded concluded to­

Germany Germany is is now now entering entering its its final final those those operations operations can can be be more more rap­

United United Nations' Nations' war war against against Hitler Hitler toward toward real real coalition coalition warfare. warfare. Now Now

common common struggle, struggle, and and that that the the with with the the offensive offensive of of the the Red Red Army Army

tion tion has has been been strengthened strengthened in in the the nally nally planned, planned, merging merging as as they they have have

laboration laboration of of the the anti-Hitler anti-Hitler coali­ produced produced effects effects beyond beyond those those origi­

1088 1088 THE THE MOSCOW MOSCOW CONFERENCE CONFERENCE AND AND NATIONAL NATIONAL UNITY UNITY THE MOSCOW CONFERENCE AND NATIONAL UNITY 1087 which came forcibly into play im­ it, exercised an important influence mediately after June 22, 1941, still on the outcome of the Moscow Con­ operate and will continue to func­ ference. tion and to infiuence events in the Furthermore, it should be recog­ next period. nized that the common national in­ Suffice it to point to the follow­ terests of the anti-Hitler coalition ing: The anti-Hitler coalition of are neither accidental nor transi­ freedom-loving peoples headed by tory. As Comrade Browder has re­ the U.S.S.R.-a Socialist State-and peatedly stressed, the common inter­ Great Britain and the United States ests of the coalition powers and of -the two most powerful capitalist their peoples are of such a nature countries in the world-came into as to necessitate, not only concerted being to cope with a common dan­ military action to destroy Nazism­ ger. It arose as a fighting coalition fascism, but long-term collabora­ to frustrate and defeat the plans of tion in the post-war period to pre­ Hitlerite Germany to enslave the serve peace and promote economic world. Therefore, unlike all previ­ security. This is demonstrated by ous coalitions in world history, this the critical problems created for all is a coalition representing no special the three powers by the rise of fas­ class interest nor the single interest cism and fascist aggression, by the of any one particular state or ruling course of the anti-Hitler war, and circle. It is a coalition representing by the common need to prevent the the basic state and' national interests recurrence of aggression in the post­ of the three great powers of the war period. coalition, of their peoples, and of All three leading anti-Hitler all liberty-lovin' peoples. powers require mutual understand­ It is true that since the formation ing and cooperation to cope with the of the anti-Hitler coalition, as a vast problems of establishing world consequence of the decisive victories· order and security, rehabilitation, of the Red Army and the achieve­ trade and commerce in the post-war ments of the Anglo-American ar­ period. The United States and Great mies, .the danger of fascist invasion Britain, certainly no less than the and enslavement to Great Britain Soviet Union, require a post-war and the United States has now be­ state of affairs marked, not only by come less acute. However, it is also peaceful co-existence of the great clear that Hitler fascism, while powers, with their different social deeply wounded, is not yet smashed systems, but by firm collaboration and is still capable of resistance to organize peace, collective secur­ and of ferocious struggles. Without ity, and economic reconstruction. the closest unity and solidarity of These, then, are some of the basic the Anglo-Soviet-American coali­ and· permanent factors that deter­ tion, this mortal danger which is mined the results of the Conference not yet over, could and would and that infiuence the developments quickly reappear. This factor for for promoting long-term collabora­ maintaining the anti-Hitler coali­ tion of the three most powerful • tion, and for further consolidating world states. 1088 THE MOSCOW CONFERENCE AND NATIONAL UNITY * * * ing and enabling the world labor movement to play a more influ­ In the few weeks that have ential role in the conduct of the elapsed since the Moscow Confer­ war and in shaping the post-war ence, indications have abounded to world. It is a conference which show how rapid and far..:reaching should be convened even earlier its results will be. As for the deci­ than June 5, and which needs to be sive military actions, these will in­ welcomed, energetically supported, creasingly be unfolded on the bat­ and participated in by all sections tlefronts through closer military co­ of the American labor movement. operation. Already Allied military In the United States the Three­ operations are on the way to being Power Conference has secured the more effectively coordinated and endorsement of the majority of extended. The establishment of the Congress, the decisive sections of vital Second Front in Western Eu­ the labor movement, and majority rope draws closer, new Anglo­ of the press, and the dominant American offensives in the Balkans circles of both major parties. This are being prepared. is especially noticeable in the out­ The Moscow Conference has al­ come of the character and vote on ready sharply registered in Ger­ the Connally Resolution in the Sen­ many and among its satellites, as ate. well as among the so-called neutral The contributions and the com­ states. This is attested by the panic mitments of the representatives of expressed by Hitler in his Munich the U.S.A. to the Three-Power Con­ speech on November 8. It is at­ ference have helped to clarify and tested by the fact that Finland, develop America's foreign and mili­ Hungary, and Rumania have been tary policies in the interest of the further shaken by the Conference, American nation and of all peo­ and, above all, by the advance of ples. They have brought new the Red Army, and are now on the strength and vision to our national verge of being knocked out of the war effort, enabling our country to war. And there are signs that effect a greater measure of national Turkey may soon modify its for­ unity and a fuller mobilization of mer status of neutrality. our manpower, resources and politi­ Moreover, the Conference has al­ cal influence for strengthening the ready had pronounced favorable coalition, for hastening victory and repercussions within Great Britain a just peace. and the United States. However, it would be danger­ This is seen in the decision of the ously naive to conclude that the British Trade Union Congress fi­ Moscow Conference has resolved all nally to issue a call for an interna­ war and post-war questions, as well tional conference of the trade as all differences within the coali­ unions of the United Nations. This tion, not to speak of the problems is a conference which can play a within our own country. New dif­ vital role in cementing further the ficulties and differences can and anti-Hitler coalition and in unify- probably will develop within the THE MOSCOW CONFERENCE AND NATIONAL UNITY 1089 anti-Hitler coalition as victory ference will not have their effect comes even closer and as additional on our national unity and our elec­ post-war problems arise for solu­ tions uniformly; nor will their in­ tion. The alliance and collabora­ fluence be brought to bear without tion of the Anglo-Soviet-American the direct and most actin inter­ coalition, which have been strength­ vention of the masses, especially the ened in the course of the war and as most energetic and resolute struggle a result of the Moscow accords, on the part of labor. For, it should need to and can be consolidated not be forgotten that the financial still further. interests served by the appeasers in However, the new and closer re­ Congress, by the defeatist press, and lations now established within the by John L. Lewis forces, are very anti-Hitler coalition indicate that powerful. They are still capable of present and future problems can be · causing serious damage to our na­ resolved more rapidly and favor­ tional war effort and they will ex­ ably than heretofore - notwith­ ert every effort to try and frustrate standing the existence of differences the application of the Moscow deci­ in the ideology and social systems sions, particularly in regard to the of the members of the coalition. opening of the Second Front. And these can be resolved far more It is true, of course, that the Con­ speedily i~ the interests of the free­ ference, accompanying the great dom-loving peoples, if the Moscow victories of the Red Army, has dealt Conference decisions, especially new and heavy blows against the regarding the attainment of full defeatists and appeasers, undermin­ coalition warfare, are promptly ing their positions and weakening realized, and if the anti-fascist them. Yet it is also evident that unity of our nation is strengthened these pro-fascist forces within our and consolidated around the Com­ country will not abandon their pro­ mander-in-Chief. fascist aims and activities. These forces of appeaserp.ent and extreme * * * reaction now will become even more There can be no doubt that the desperate and bold, and will ma­ Moscow Conference and its deci­ neuver in new ways to achieve sions will have an increasingly pro­ their reactionary ends. found effect on the political situa­ The defeatists now are frantically tion within our country. The pas­ and demagogically trying to pre­ sage of, and the line-up on, the sent the Tri-Power Conference as a Fullbright and the Connally Reso­ conference in which Roosevelt and lutions evidenced this in part. And Churchill "capitulated" to Stalin the future effects of the Tri-Power and allegedly agreed to the "Bol­ Agreements can and probably will shevization" of Europe. The defeat­ favorably affect all political align­ ists are coming forward as "cham­ ments for 1944, as well as the out­ pions" of the "small" nations, espe­ come of the Presidential elections. cially of the Soviet Baltic republics, However, it is also clear that the and once again, as "guardians" of positive results of the Moscow Con- the Pacific. These aggressive and 1090 THE MOSCOW CONFERENCE AND NATIONAL UNITY reactionary imperialist forces are America must further consolidate especially preparing to utilize the and strengthen its friendship and 1944 election campaign as a means cooperative relations with the So­ of disrupting national unity and, viet Union as well as with Great above all, of establishing a pro­ Britain and China, for the purposes fascist regime within the country, of winning the war, assuring a .just with all its consequences interna­ and stable peace, and achieving tionally. post-war reconstruction in wlll.ch The defeatists and extreme reac­ the United States can ensure greater tionaries are counting on impeding economic security and democratic the realization of the Conference liberties to all of its citizens. decisions, not so much by a frontal So far, however, this trend has . attack on the Moscow pacts as such, not yet fully asserted itself or be­ as the votes of Taft and Vanden­ come crystallized on a broad scale burg in the Senate on the Connally in new political alignments. This resolution showed. These forces are was apparent particularly in the renewing their efforts to delay and recent elections; it is strikingly evi­ obstruct the achievement of full dent in the anti-Administration coalition warfare and collaboration. position and actions of the majority They are striving to promote, now of the Republicans and Southern and during the 1944 election cam­ Democrats in Congress on most vital paign, new and acute class, group issues. and partisan conflicts. They are It would be well to examine planning to aggravate all economic somewhat closely the results of the grievances of the workers, farmers, November 2 mayoralty and guber­ and middle classes by continuing to natorial elections, inasmuch as this pr:event economic stabilization. They would reveal many important les­ are seeking to place responsibility sons for the political tasks ahead, for all unsolved economic problems especially for 1944. on the Roosevelt Administration. The outcome of the elections was They are engendering further divi­ generally unfavorable to the win­ ai.on within the labor movement, the-war camp. The majority of the and among America's national candidates for leading offices, sup­ groups, so as to advance their re­ ported by the Democratic and labor actionary appeasement aims. They coalition, were defeated. Such was are fostering confusiqn, division, the case in the campaign to elect and complacency, counting on these the Lieutenant Governor in New as their trump cards in their ef­ York, the gubernatorial elections in forts to convert the United States New Jersey, the mayoralty elections into the center of 'world reaction. in Detroit and San Francisco, and the state-wide elections in Ken­ II tucky. The noteworthy exceptions were the significant Cleveland There is to be seen within the Mayoralty and New York City country, as we have noted, a deep­ councilmanic elections. coing trend of realization that But despite the set-backs to labor THE MOSCOW. CONFERENCE AND NATIONAL UNITY 1091 and the win-the-war forces in the It should be recalled, too, that Democratic Party, it would be there was a miners' strike on the wrong to estimate the election re­ day of election, which in Kentucky sults as signalizing a national trend served to turn the tables; for here against the President and the Ad­ the Lewis .machine was working ministration; above all, it would be with and for. the Republicans. Fur­ a mistake to interpret the results as ther, the stoppage in coal produc­ an anti-war vote. tion was exploited to develop hos­ True, the results will affect cer­ tility toward the Administration tain national policies. They will en­ and the Democratic Party. courage the defeatists and obstruc­ Another phenomenon of national tionists in Congress, all the appease­ import in regard to the elections ment forces in the Republican Par­ was the defeatists' instigation of ty, as well as the Copperhead Farley anti-Negro and anti-Semitic preju­ ·politicos in the Democratic Party. dices and activities, as in Detroit, Yet it is indisputably clear that the which were used by the anti-labor vote on November 2 was neither a and anti-Roosevelt forces to create clear-cut vote on vital war issues disunity and confusion. This prob­ nor a vote of non-confidence in the lem is going to loom far larger from President. Indeed, the Republican now on, particularly in the course Party strategy was calculated to of the 1944 elections. And this will avoid a vote on these issues, and be affected to no small degree by unfortunately most of the Demo­ the scope of the struggle waged to cratic Party forces acquiesced in abolish the Poll Tax, to enforce the this. decisions of the F.E.P.C. and to This is not to say that certain na­ counteract and combat all forms tional factors did not play a role and manifestations of red-baiting, in the elections. One cannot dis­ and of racial, national and religiom; count the effect of the relatively discrimination. limited military fighting that our While these national considera­ country has so far engaged in dur­ tions affected to a certain extent and ing the war, coupled with the in some cases very markedly the mounting economic burdens upon results of the November elections, the mass of the people which affect­ it is also true that a big role was ed sections of the workers, and played by local factors, such as tl}.e especially the farmers and the city new scandal around Tammany Hall middle class. Nor can one dismiss in the Aurelio case, the antagonism the harmful effects of the absence toward the Hague machine in New of joint political action between the Jersey, and the candidacy of Bullitt A. F. of L. and the C.I.O. nationally, for Mayor on the Democratic Party a situation. which, if not quickly ticket in Philadelphia. 1 changed, at least locally and in the A very important factor in affect­ states, can have the most serious ing the elections was the disunity, consequences for the fate of na­ demoralization, and growing disin­ tional unity and the outcome of the tegration within certain local and 1944 elections. state Democratic Party organiza- 1092 THE MOSCOW CONFERENCE AND NATIONAL UNITY tions. This was expressed, for in­ a high degree of political activity stance, by the struggle within the and organization, perhaps more so Democratic Party in New Jersey than in any other previous election. and the weakened position of the For instance, in Cleveland, the Hague machine; by the fact that in C.I.O. and the majority of the A. F. San Francisco, where one of the of L. organizations played an ex­ leading mayoralty candidates was tremely important role in helping ' the Vice-Chairman of the Demo­ determine the outcome of these cratic Party, the Chairman of the highly important elections in which Democratic Party of the San Fran­ Mayor Lausche, the progressive cisco county organization support­ anti-fascist Roosevelt Democrat, ed the Republican Lapham; and, in was re-elected by an unprecedented New York, by the sabotaging role vote; in New Jersey the A. F. of L., of the Farley forces in demobili~­ C.I.O. and Railroad Brotherhoods ing the Democratic Party through formed the A.B.C. Federation and working to keep down the registra­ not only mustered a largle labor tion within, and the vote by, that vote, but in Camden elected for the party. first time three labor candidates to These and other manifestations the legislature; while in New York of demoralization and disunity with­ a new relationship of forces has in the Democratic Party are im­ taken place within the City of New portant to study for 1944. They are York with the election of an influ­ also important for labor to help ential group of Laborite and Com­ overcome and circumvent. Especia~ munist Councilmen. (In some re­ ly is this true in regard to the re­ spects the New York City elections sponsibility of labor and other win­ were practically won in one week in the-war forces for helping insure October, when the C.I.O. Council the election of consistent win-the­ did a vital week's job of register­ war delegates to the National Nomi­ ing the labor and progressive vote. nating Conventions of the two ma­ This substantially determined the jor parties. elections.) As to Detroit, with all the weaknesses and mistakes on the * * * part of labor's political activity as As regards labor's ro-le in the well as our party's, organized labor elections, the press generally sought was the single win-the-war force to have it appear that labor had significantly and· actively support­ made a great effort to elect its own ing the mayoralty candidacy of candidates and had sustained a Fitzgerald. great and irreparable setback. However, in respect to labor's A sober approach to this 'question role in these elections, we have to will show that important sections record the following: first, there of labor, particularly the C.I.O., was the serious and injurious effect and in some cases the A. F. of L. of labor's disunity. For instance, in played a most responsible, active New York the State A. F. of L. for and influential role in raising the the first time in its history sup­ key war issues and in displaying ported a Republican, Hanley, for THE MOSCOW CONFERENCE AND NATIONAL UNITY 1093 Lieutenant Governor. In San Fran­ certainly this is something that la­ cisco, labor, especially the A. F. of bor has se_riously to consider. L., split many ways. And in De­ * * * troit, while there was formally a An outstanding feature of the re­ common position of the C.I.O. and cent elections was the positive role most of the A. F. of L., the Team­ of the Negro people, who demon­ sters' support of Jeffries plf!yed no strated that something new is hap­ small role in the outcome. pening among the _Negro popula­ Secondly,' labor's political cam­ tion. The elections showed by and paign was in most places narrow large an increased national con­ and sectarian. Thus, in Detroit, in sciousness, alertness, and political ac­ New Jersey, and in San Francisco tivity on the part of the Negro peo­ labor waged a' most narrow cam­ ple. Generally, the Negro people paign for labor's candidates per se, and their organizations played a most for labor's interest per se, without progressive and intelligent role. sufficiently coming forth as the Thus, in New York, in Harlem, a champion of the nation, as an inte­ large percentage of the Negro vote gral part of the broadest coalition was a conscious progressive vote of all patriotic forces. , that was cast for Ben Davis, the Further, even in many cities Communist, for Councilman; for where the C.I.O. was very active Judge Rivers, a progressive, win­ and where there was a measure of the-war Republican, for judge; and C.I.O.-A. F. of L. unity at the top, for Haskell, a Roosevelt Democrat, there was by and large a serious for Lieutenant Governor. No other lack of political organization below, section of the population demon­ especially in the precincts. Indeed, strated such a consistency in split­ if thi1 situation is not remedied in. ting the ticket to vote for various the coming spring primaries and in win-the-war candidates. There is the November elections of 1944, la­ also much to be learned in regard bor's strength will be extremely to the very important role of the weakened. Detroit Negro electorate. True, not Lastly, as was evidenced especial­ everywhere was the situation the ly in New York, New Jersey, De­ same. For instance, in Philadelphia, troit, and San Francisco, labor's &ccording to rough estimates, 85% ties with the non-labor sections of of the Negro vote was Republican, the population are extremely weak. which, while helping defeat Bullitt, This is so, not only in respect to the was not canalized in the progressive farmers and the middle-class groups direction of voting for the rest of the generally, but even in regard to labor-endorsed candidates. civil servants and the professional It is clear that the Negro people and white collar workers. And when and their organizations, particular­ we take into account the fact that, ly in the main industrial centers, with a few notable exceptions, there are going to exercise an extremely was a decline in labor's pre-election vital role in the 1944 elections, and registration and a relatively high­ our party's responsibilities here are er percentage of middle-class votes, great. Also our obligations are 1094 THE MOSCOW CONFERENCE AND NATIONAL UNITY bound up with new opportunities, However, with few exceptions, because a new political relationship the party organizations were slow is being forged, not only between in entering into the election cam­ the Negro people and progressive paigns, in playing that role which labor generally, but likewise be­ was possible both in the selection tween the Negro people and the of candidates acceptable to the Communists. broadest alliance of the win-the-war Furthermore, there is the ques­ forces and in influencing the key tion of the national groups, most of issues on which the elections would whom played a very important role. be fought on the part of all patri­ For instance, an examination of the otic forces. This shortcoming was Cleveland vote will show that the particularly marked in Michigan. Czech, the Hungarian, a substantial Further, we have to recognize part of the Polish vote, and the that in Detroit, New lersey and San German-American vote were lined Fram;isco, the party inadvertently up behind the win-the-war camp. contributed to the one-sided nature In New York, for the first time, of labor's campaign. It did not help there were important regroupings sufficiently to develop labor's cam­ among the Irish voters, as demon­ paign as an organic part of the camp strated particularly in the voting of national unity and as a broad for Quill, who ran on an independ­ community effort. ent ticket. There was evident a In Philadelphia the party, in some marked growth of anti-fascist unity respects, waged a yery effective' among the Jewish people, every­ fight against Bullitt, the Municheer, where. Similar progressive trends and really contributed to his defeat. were evidenced by the Italian .vot­ But in so doing, it displayed a seri,. ers. All these trends are bound to ous weakness. It waged a one-sided play a key part in determining the campaign against Bullitt, failing outcome of the 1944 elections. simultaneously to deyelop a sharp· * * * enough struggle against the defeat­ Finally, as to the party's role in ist forces in the Republican Party. the November 2 elections. General­ against the Grundy-Pew forces. ly, it can be said, the party came In New York, notwitstanding the forward as the most consistent win­ magnificent and reallr exemplary the-war force, helping to clarify the work in the Councilmanic elections, most vital issues and working for the party was very slow in reacting the achievement of the broadest to the Lieutenant Gubernatorial anti-fascist unity. In particular, campaign, and played a very unsat­ tribute should be paid to the excel­ isfactory part in the state-wide lent work and leadership of the election. In San Francisco, the party -New York and Ohio party organiza­ was extremely late in utilizing its. tions which, notwithstanding a maximum influence to stimulate number of shortcomings and mis­ the necessary moves for achieving takes in the course of the campaign, in time the broadest unity of action really gave evidence of exemplary of the C.I.O. and the A. F. of L .• mass leadership. together with other patriotic forces. .THE MOSCOW CONFERENCE AND NATIONAL UNITY 1095 And in Ohio the party gave too lit­ choice vote of any candidate in the tle attention to the important elec­ entire City of New York, and in the tions outside of Cleveland. great victory registered in the elec­ Notwithstanding these weakness­ tion of Benjamin J. Davis, Jr. It is es, it must be said that our party seen, too, in Cleveland, where one was the most clear-sighted force in of the barometers of the effective­ the elections. It brought forth the ness of the party's mass work was most crucial war issues and waged the fact that out of three to be an effective fight against the defeat­ elected Arnold Johnson came in ists. In most cities the party gave a fifth in the elections for Board of good example of how to combine the Education, with the extremely sig­ struggle around both national and nificant vote of 47,000. New York local war issues. This was one of and Cleveland were not isolated in­ the keys in determining the out­ stances in showing in terms of votes come of the Councilmanic elections the increased strength and influence in New York, where our candidates of the party. not only raised the chief national In San Francisco the party vote issues, such as support for the Com­ increased about 25 percent. In Bos­ mander-in-Chief, for the Second ton it doubled relatively, in com­ Front, for economic stabilization, parison with the last elections. etc., but combined this with the While in Detroit the vote for Com­ fight against discrimination in Har­ rade Beiswenger was a new high lem, for the solution of juvenile point for Michigan, and a real in­ delinquency, for price and rent con­ dication of what would have been trol, for the five-cent fare, etc. the result had we organized and In a number of instances, particu­ conducted a more effective cam­ larly in New York City and to some paign, both as regards the vote of extent in the campaign around Ar­ our own candidate and of the en­ nold Johnson's candidacy in Cleve­ tire labor-endorsed slate. land, our party not only exhibited We have to also take into ac­ its ability to understand and formu­ count that more or less everywhere late policies, but equally demon­ the party candidates in these elec­ strated its ability to organize shop tions had the support, open and di­ and house-to-house election. work, rect, of important sections of labor, registration, canvassing, and neigh­ C.I.O. and A.· F. of L., of certain borhood campaigning. broad citizens' groups, and particu­ It was not accidental that as a larly of the Negro people and their result of its growing mass political organizations. influence and its expanding win­ As a result of its increased influ­ the-war activities, our party every­ ence and broader ties, as demon­ where multiplied its vote and strated in the elections, new possi­ strengthened its ties with the broad bilities have now been created to camp of victory. widen the party's influence and its This is evidenced in the re-elec­ organized base, to enhance the citi­ tion, in Brooklyn, of Peter Cacchi­ zenship of the party openly and one, who received the highest first directly in the trade union move- 1096 THE MOSCOW CONFERENCE AND NATIONAL UNITY ment and in the communities. New ists and .appeasers, should not be opportunities have arisen enabling allowed to obscure the favorable the party to become fully integrated factors in the present situation. Ex­ within the victory coalition and for isting difficulties must not be al­ the party directly to play a more lowed to blur the main trends and important role in affecting the new realignments which are now course of political developments. unfolding and which are bringing These and other lessons of the new· strength and creating new op­ November 2 elections must be ex­ portunities for the anti.i.Hitler coali­ amined further and the conclusions tion within the country, for solving drawn by the party, by the labor the current win-the-war tasks, for movement, and by all progressive hastening military victory over Hit­ forces, especially now as the coun­ ler and the Axis, and for ensuring try lclecomes more deeply involved victory for the anti-fascist camp in in preparing for the crucial 1944 the 1944 elections. ·Presidential and Congressional elec­ Among these events, factors and tions. forces are the following: III First, of course, are the profound · effects of the course of the war and Clearly the Nov. 2 elections must the. successful outcome of the Mos­ serve as a timely signal and warn­ cow Conference, which is strength­ ing to labor and the win-the-war ening the camp of national unity, forces in both major parties as to creating a new political conscious­ the enormousness of the tasks ahead. ness among millions, and weakening They signalize some of the complex the position of the defeatists both problems requiring bold leadership within the Republican and Demo­ and new efforts on the part of all cratic Parties. responsible leaders and patriotic Secondly, the strengthened posi­ groups in order to achieve broader tion of the Roosevelt Administra­ and firmer national unity. They em­ tion as a result of its anti-Hitler phasize the need for developing the war program and its contributions widest unity of action on the part of to the Moscow Conference. labor, for checking and ending nar­ Thirdly, the growing political ma­ row and unprincipled politics-as­ turity of labor and its increased po­ usual, all partisan strife. Everything, litical strength, as exemplified in including the conduct of the election the outcome of the national C.I.O. campaign, should be geared to en­ Convention, as well as in the growth sure the most vigorous prosecution of labor's independent and united of the war, and, hence, speediest political strength and activities in a fulfillment of the Moscow Confer­ whole series of states and cities. ence decisions. Fourthly, the trend toward im­ At the same time, the uneven and proved relations between the Roose­ generally unfavorable results of the velt Administration and labor, aris­ November 2 elections, as well as the ing from the progressive policy of seriousness and the severe nature the C.I.O., which in turn is aug­ of the struggle against the defeat- mented by the strengthened posi-. THE MOSCOW CONFERENCE AND NATIONAL UNITY 1097 tion of labor within the Roosevelt­ made to broadening and solidifying Democratic-labor coalition; as well national unity around the Com­ as from the latest moves of the Ad­ mander-in-Chief and the govern­ ministration to fight more energeti­ ment's war policies, as well as to cally for its econ()mic stabilization its progressive approach to many program and its apparent inclina­ post-war problems concerning in­ tion now to overhaul its wage ternational collaboration, soldier re­ policy. habilitation, and social security. Fifthly, the increased political This means to enlist the widest consciousness and activities of the and most active public backing Negro people,. and the firmer rela­ everywhere, including the A. F. of tions now being established be­ L. and in the Republican Party, in tween the Negro people and the a~tive support of the Moscow agree­ C.I.O., as well as with the Com­ ments and the policies and com­ munists. mitments of our government in Furthermore, with the prospects helping to effect and to carry out of heavier fighting in which our these historic decisions. This sup­ armed forces will shortly engage, port requires, not formal endorse­ there is bound to mature rapidly a ments of the Moscow declarations, heightened patriotism and war con­ but concrete support for all the sciousness. There will be greater government's win-the-war meas­ clarity as to the damaging and trea­ ures, especially for speeding the sonable role of the defeatists and fulfillment of its decision to hasten obstructionists, as well as greater the opening of the Second Front. resistance to their disastrous poli­ This means to open and conduct cies. Inevitably, increased opposi­ a renewed and more skillful fight tion will be developed to partisan against the defeatists and all con­ conflicts, just as a new spirit of na­ ciliators of appeasement and reac­ tional unity will ·unfold to acceler­ tion within Congress, within the ate victory and help guarantee a government apparatus, within both just and durable peace. major parties, and within the labor All of this of course will not take movement. place spontaneously. Firm and reso­ Here, the lead given by Ickes on lute leadership, unity and organiza­ November 8 in his speech at the tion are required from labor and Madison Square Garden meeting, in our party, as well as from all other sharpening the fj.ght against the patriotic leaders and groups. Hearst-Patterson-McCormick Axis · What, then, are some of the key press, and against all other sabo­ tasks confronting labor and the teurs of Soviet-American friendship Communists in order to consolidate and collaboration, should be reso­ national unity to prosecute the war lutely taken up throughout the' more effectively and to secure vic­ country. tory in the 1944 elections? This also means that it is neces­ Foremost among these are the sary to give a stern rebuff to all following: New efforts and a fresh those who are jockeying tor parti­ and bolder approach must now be san advantage, to those who are try- 1098 THE MOSCOW CONFERENCE AND NATIONAL UNITY ing to use the strains in our war the problems of forging greater and economy for gain and who are try­ firmer national unity, the cardinal ing to exploit internal and external task, the need to develop still fur­ difficulties in an attempt to under­ ther the common action of labor, of' mine and eliminate our Comman­ Communists and non-Communists, der-in-Chief and his governmental of the A. F. of L., the C.I.O., and supporters. the .Railroad Brotherhoods, this be­ Such unprincipled attacks against comes ever more urgent and deci­ the President as launched even by sive. It is not necessary here to­ Wendell Willkie in St. Louis must enumerate the many experiences, be sharply rejected. Willkie must be the new opportunities and a host o:t· influenced to use his talents and tasks which this entails, particular­ prestige to wage a more consistent ly in relation to achieving far struggle against the defeatists, par­ greater labor cooperation around ticularly within the Republican key Congressional and other politi­ Party, and to cooperate with the cal issues, since these questions are Commander-in-Chief on those is­ pretty well established in our sues of foreign policy and interna­ ,thinking, in our orientation and in tional relations on which they both our work. agree. However, a few points need to be This means further that it is nec­ emphasized. Serious attention must essary to organize a more effective now be given to popularize widely political mass struggle on all vital the actions and the program of the political-military and economic great national C.I.O. Convention in questions, particularly on the press­ both labor and non-labor circles, ing problems of the home front. especially its decisions on labor's And here, greater attention must political action. Together with this now be given to effect economic it is necessary to effect a mobiliza­ stabilization on a new and realistic tion of all of the C.I.O. affiliates, of basis by influencing the government the entire C.I.O. membership and and by compelling Congress to the friends of the C.I.O., to speed adopt a :q~.ore flexible and equitable the realization of the highly signifi­ wage policy, and to enact a pro­ cant win-the-war program which gressive tax and subsidy program. was adopted. In so doing, it is es­ Moreover, the whole problem of sential to achieve a £till higher de­ strengthening national unity also gree 'of unity within the C.I.O. and means that it is necessary to work within the labor movement around to extend and weld still more the main points of the C.I.O.'s pro­ strongly the cooperation · between gram. Roosevelt and labor, to augment la­ Secondly, in regard to the A. F. bor's support for the Commander­ of L., it is necessary to state that, in in-Chief and its activities for con­ a number of respects, what happens structively influencing governmen­ in the A. F. of L., what the A. F. tal policy. of L. organizations and members do. • • * in the coming months, will be ex­ In this new stage of the war, with traordinarily important in deter- THE MOSCOW CONFERENCE AND NATIONAL UNITY 1099 mining the outcome of the 1944 elec­ A. F. of L. in the forthcoming In­ tions and in attaining a new stage ternational Trade Union Conference of national unity. What is now re­ in London, and of giving concrete quired is a more persistent effort to leadership to solving the economic organize the progressive and the problems confronting the A. F. of L. broad win-the-war forces within workers. the A. F. of L., and to speed the We on our part must not let pre­ establishment of united labor po­ vious attitudes, former relations, litical and legislative action in the prejudices or old obstacles stand in states and localities. the way of facilitating and helping In this conjunction, it is essential crystallize the process of regrouping to give far more consideration to that is maturing in the A. F. of L. organizing progressive political ac­ For this is a process which will now tion within and through the A. F. move faster on the basis of the re­ o:f; L. For the establishment of joint sults of the Moscow Agreements labor action, while advancing, is and the firmer unity established moving far too slowly, and much within the American-Soviet-British can be done to accelerate the proc­ coalition. ess of united action with the C.I.O., In developing labor's independent and to effect a new realignment and united political action, obviously within the A. F. of L., by stimulat­ this must be approached from the ing and organizing political activi­ viewpoint of strengthening labor's ties by and around the A. F. of L., political role and influence within parallel with and along common the entire anti-Hitler camp, and lines with the C.I.O. from the angle of labor's coming What is especially required in re­ forward ever more as the champion gard to the A. F. of L. is a fresh of the national war effort and the and bold effort in the light of the national interests of the American · new political developments, so as to people. Working in this way, ap­ reach, influence and activate the proaching, for instance, all prob­ majority of the national, state and lems of wage and economic stabili­ local leaders and organizations of zation as problems of the national the A. F. of L. It is essential to work welfare, of war production and of with the orientation of trying to expediting victory, labor can and change the course, y~s, of the A. F. will quickly bring about a new and of L. Executive Council itself, as more favorable relationship between well as the national executives of the trade union movement and all most of the unions. This means to other patriotic forces. work to change the course of the This is especially urgent in con­ A. F. of L. on the basis of muster­ nection with the need of effecting ing more active support for the a rapid and decisive change in the Commander-in-Chief, of reacting to approach of the trade unions to the vital legislative issues, of securing special demands and problems of wide endorsement and energetic the farmers, and for bringing about support for the Moscow decisions, of far greater farmer-iabor political working for the participation of the cooperation in the coming elections. 1100 THE MOSCOW CONFERENCE AND NATIONAL UNITY The inroads which the reactionaries, among certain forces and leaders especially Republicans, have made who basically support the Presi­ in the rural areas in demagogically dent and· the Administration, and confusing issues, in stirring up anti­ without question will do so in 1944, labor and anti-Administration senti­ an attitude is developing that it ment, is a challenge to labor and may be "smart politics" to with­ the Roosevelt forces. It is really im­ hold a fourth term endorsement at perative for labor to systematically this stage, on the assumption of work to alter this situation, to final­ bringing more pressure on the Ad­ ly reach and mobilize all patriotic ministration, especially at this par­ farm leaders and groups on com­ ticular moment, in relation to cer­ mon national win-the-war issues tain domestic policies. and on the basis of actively sup­ As to the first question, it should porting specific demands of the be realized that the President may farmers, especially those relating to not run for re-election if there is promoting expanded food produc­ not overwhelming support from the tion and economic security. ranks of labor and elsewhere Furthermore, in promoting labor's throughout the nation. And those political action, far greater concern win-the-war liberal and labor lead­ must be given to organizing labor's ers who are hesitant to speak out political strength, not only directly on this vital issue should begin to through the unions and the shop ask themselves what would happen steward system, but particularly in if Roosevelt were not re-nominated. the communities and the wards. Aside from the possible serious ef­ For, without such organization for fect on our foreign policy and rela­ registration, for campaigning, for tions, what would the alternative house-to-house canvassing, for be? bringing out the vote, labor's po­ In the Democratic Party, the al;.. litical influence and activities will ternative would not be a Wallace, be restricted; its ties with its fel­ but some candidate acceptable to all low-citizens, with the non-labor sections of the Democratic Party, sectors of the population, will be including the Southern Bourbons. limited, and its political activity In other words, a compromise can­ will inevitably tend to develop nar­ date, a candidate who would be rowly and one-sidedly. destined most probably to carry the Democratic Party and labor to elec­ * * * toral defeat. Finally, it is necessary for labor Within the Republican Party, if to review and to reinforce the popu­ Roosevelt were not renominated, lar movement for a fourth term. It the Presidential nominee would not is especially necessary to do this be­ be Mr. Willkie. It would be a Dewey cause, first, it is high time to un­ or a Bricker. For Willkie's chance derstand that it is by no means·cer­ of securing the Republican nomina­ tain that the President will run for tion rests solely on the possibility re-election. Secondly, because in of the President being the candi­ some progressive and labor circles, date of the Democratic Party. THE MOSCOW CONFERENCE AND NATIONAL UNITY 1101 And within the labor movement, developed as an organic part of la­ if the President were not renomi­ bor's support for the Commander­ nated, it is quite possible that there in-Chief, for a continuation of the would quickly develop greater divi­ Roosevelt Government's war pro­ sion than exists today, with all the gram, its anti-Hitlerite orientation harmful consequences. and policies. These are very serious questions 1'hat criticism which labor must that should enter into our thinking, and should make of specific weak­ and into the thinking of all respon­ nesses and shortcomings in the ac­ sible labor and progressive leaders. tions of the President, and especial­ As to the second question, name­ ly of his Administration, should be ly, the idea of withholding support made from the viewpoint of con­ for a fourth term in order to pres­ structively criticizing, influencing sure the Administration for the and implementing the government's purpose of rectifying some of its victory and anti-Axis policies, of weaknesses as well as mistakes. overcoming its vacillations and de­ This is a specious and a dangerous lays, and of strengthening its hand course. Generally speaking, it is in­ against the appeasers and reaction­ advisable -to threaten an ally, a col­ aries. Justified criticism of our war laborator, even though it often may government must not be confused be necessary to influence one's ally with making threats or conditional so as to affect or to change some endorsements on the fourth term aspects of his policy. But in the question. The post of President and given situation, a tactic of threaten­ Commander-in-Chief of the United ing the President with the club of States in this people's war of na­ withholding the fourth term en­ tional liberation is too vital and dorsement could be very harmful, fateful to the course of victory and for it plays into the hands of the the future of America and the world defeatists and reactionaries who are to permit any error or light-mind­ attacking our Commander-in-Chief. edness on the fourth term issue. Such a tactic, as pursued, for in­ Therefore, as this country enters stance, by the Reuthers at the recent this, the most decisive and final U.A.W. convention, tends to sow stage of the war, labor in its ma­ confusion in labor's ranks and feeds jority considers that it becomes the demagogy and the activity of more and and not less urgent to the John L. Lewis crowd. expand the fourth term movement Moreover, it does not contribute within the ranks of labor, within the to convincing Roosevelt that he Democratic Party, in farm groups, should and must run as the fore­ among the organizations of the Ne­ most and most acceptable anti-Axis gro people, among civic leaders, candidate around whom the broad­ everywhere. But in doing this, it is est national unity can be achieved. neces,:;ary to explain the issues at Labor's and the people's support stake; to overcome, patiently yet for a fourth term for the President firmly, any tendencies of honest and must now become firmer, more in­ progressive forces to waver on this sistent, and widespread. It must be question, and not let this issue 1102 THE MOSCOW CONFERENCE AND NATIONAL UNITY weaken the unity of the progressive creasing pplitical alertness and in­ labor movement. itiative, and to further strengthen In this connection, all of labor our party politically and organiza­ ihould now give the most careful tionally. As Comrade Browder has attention to, and in collaboration counseled,. we must come forward with other win-the-war forces, real­ ever more effectively as the most ly organize to participate in the re.solute organizers of national unity forthcoming Presidential primaries especially in our mass work, in the for the selection of delegates to the 1944 election campaign, nationally national nominating conventions. and in the communities, neighbor­ Likewise, in unison with all other hoods, and the precincts. win-the-war forces, it should par­ We Communists are further called ticipate in and take up in time the upon in this situation, as victory ielection and nomination of Sena­ draws nearer, vigilantly to combat torial, Gubernatorial, and Congres­ all tendencies toward complacency sional candidates, pledged to une­ in the labor and people's move­ quivocal support of the Comman­ ments. For now, as the anti-Hitler der-in-Chief and the nation's war coalition enters the final but severe policies. stage of the war against .Nazi Ger­ Undoubtedly, to the extent that many, as American and British the fourth term movement will troops will soon participate in their eontinue to unfold and be strength­ most costly and crucial battles, we ened, it will be easier to rally new must rouse labor and the nation strength behind the government's to new feats of war endeavor. Par­ war program, to hasten the realiza­ ticularly we must furnish to the tion of the Moscow Conference de­ American working class and the cU;ions, to further consolidate na­ pe0ple as a whole an example of tional unity, to strengthen the coali­ tempo and speed by the way we tion between labor and the measure up to the situation, by the Roosevelt Administration, and at way we help solve all tasks con­ 1he same time to further unify la­ fronting labor .and the nation. bor's ranks and enhance its own in­ For now, what the attainment of dependent role and activities. victory particularly requires, what • • • our nation requires, what the anti­ Unquestionably we Communists Hitler coalition requires, is tempo, have a special role to perform, now speed. Speed in carrying through as always, in realizing the objec­ the Moscow Conference agreements, tives and tasks here outlined. We especially for effectuating immedi­ are particularly called upon to con­ ately and fully, in the words of the tinue to raise and clarify more con­ Tri-Power communique, "closest cretely and widely, all vital war military cooperation." Tempo in and post-war issues, and to help fortifying the anti-fascist unity of show the way ahead. our nation, in redoubling every We are called upon to display in- phase of our national war effort. THE NEW YORK CITY ELECTIONS

BY GILBERT GREEN

(A speech delivered to party workers at Manhattan Center, New York, November 15, 1943.)

OMRADES: The November 2 drawn from the results of the Coun­ C elections hold great lessons for cilmanic elections ·'1 t:l:lis city. our party, for the labor movement In these elections the voters gen­ and for all who place victory in erally showed a high degree of po- 1he war above all other considera- litical awareness. They consciously tions. supported those candidates, irre- November 2 was a day of great spective of party label, who sym­ achievement for the patriotic forces bolized the fight for unity and vic­ of New York City. But our exhil- tory. Of course, not a few old party aration over the outcome of the wheelhorses were returned to the Councilmanic race must 'not lead Council. But in the main the rna­ to intoxication. We must not for- chine-picked can did ate s were get that the 320,000 plurality given roundly rebuffed. Even those ~who General Haskell in the City of New were re-elected were returned to York was insufficient to stem the office with the smallest popular vote Republican avalanche that rolled . of their careers. down from the upstate counties, The new mood of the electorate electing Dewey's man Hanley as the can be seen in the great popular Lieutenant-Governor of the Empire tribute paid Stanley Isaacs by the State. voters of Manhattan. Two years Both the victories and the defeats ago Isaacs was dumped by the lead­ must be examined soberly if we ership of the Republican Party be­ are to extract from them those les- cause of his consistent and cour­ iOns that will make possible a vic- ageous defense of democracy during tory for the policies and candidates the days of the anti-Gerson witch­ liUpporting o u r Comm'ander-in- hunt. This year Isaacs received Chief in the crucial Presidential 83,000 votes, the largest total and Congressional elections of 1944. popular vote of any candidate in the The lesson that Haskell could city. have been elected and that the Re- In Manhattan this rising political publican victories scored this year awareness is especially expressed can be reversed next year is to· be in the victory of our own Benjamin 1103 1104 THE NEW YORK CITY ELECTIONS J. Davis, Jr., as successor to that relationship of our party to the main fighting progressive, Rev. Adam forces in American political life­ Clayton Powell, Jr., who will seek the beginning of full integration of a Congressional seat from Harlem our party in the camp of national in 1944. The election of Ben Davis unity. is a great victory for national unity. The candidates of our party polled It is a tribute in the first place to the largest vote in our history in the growing political consciousness New York City-a total of 106,438 and unity of the great Negro people. first choice votes. This, despite the It is a tribute also to the large num­ fact that in the Bronx our candi­ bers of white progressives without date, Isidore Begun, did not register whom this victory could not have his full strength, much of his vote been possible. The election of Ben being absorbed by candidate Quill. Davis this year, following the elec­ In Queens, even though we did tion of Powell two years ago, bids not elect a Councilman, our candi­ fair that there will nev:er again be a date Paul Crosbie increased his vote City Council in New York that does by more than 33 per cent, from 3,948 not contain at least one representa­ in 1941 to 5,249 in 1943. tive of the Negro people. It is important to note that the Brooklyn two years ago made his­ larger party vote was not obtained tory when it elected the first Com­ at the expense of the American La­ munist Councilman, Peter V. Cac­ bor Party. In Manhattan, A.L.P.-er chione. This year Brooklyn did Eugene Connolly increased his first­ more than merely repeat history. It choice vote from 17,967 two years gave Pete the largest first choice ago to 29,850 this year. The com­ vote of any candidate in the city bined party and Left-wing labor -53,545, and a total, with candidates polled a total of 211,371 second choices, of 68,836. This first choice votes. When to this are compares with 34,657 first choice added the Queens and the Right­ votes two years ago and a total wing labor candidates in Brooklyn, final vote of 48,536. Manhattan and the Bronx,. there is The same trend was apparent in a grand total of 329,714 first choice the Bronx. Michael J. Quill, fight­ votes cast for labor candidates ing leader of the transport work­ throughout the city. ers, received 47,600 first choice votes If the official A.L.P. representa­ -more than any other candidate in tion in the new Council has been his borough. In the Bronx, the two reduced, it is not therefore due to reactionary Red-baiting Democrats, the fact that too few votes were Joseph Kinsley and Louis Cohen, cast for labor candidates, nor is it went down to defeat. the fault of Proportional Represen­ In the Councilmanic elections our tation. It is only due to the failure party scored a great advance of far­ to achieve unity in the ranks of the reaching consequence. If correctly A.L.P. Had there been such unity, appraised and followed up, it may at least two more A.L.P. candidates well mark the turning point in the would have been elected on the THE NEW YORK CITY ELECTIONS 1105 basis of the actual voter cast. This "A.L.P. men are now waiting for was obviously the case in Brook­ the City Council vote tabulation to lyn. indicate the votes the local C.I.O. Council was able to deliver to e~ Think, comrades, what the politi­ ergetic campaigners such as Mike cal situation in New York City Quill, and the Brooklyn Left-wing would be if there were unity in the nominees. If these candidates are ranks of the American Labor Party. elected or roll up sizable votes the This would not represent a mere A.L.P. leaders will be proven wrong arithmetical addition of so-called in their estimate of their opposi­ Right and Left votes. It would rep­ tion's strength." resent a qualitative change and like an irresistible magnet would draw That they have been proven to the A.L.P. tens of thousands of wrong goes without saying; but I new voters who today remain re­ am afraid these gentlemen do not pulsed by the internecine warfare have the courage to admit it. For in labor's political camp. suddenly this afternoon the New York Post blossomed forth with a The need for unity in the A.L.P. special editorial and a feature ar­ is therefore one of the main lessons ticle by Mr. Riesel-calling for to be drawn from this election, es­ unity in the A.L.P.? Oh, no! They pecially in view of the bigger politi­ call for the abolition of Proportional cal battle looming for, 1944. Let us Representation! hope that the gentlemen at the helm Ten days ago Mr. Riesel admitted of the state A.L.P. will draw this lesson, will not permit their faction­ that a large vote for the C.I.O.-en­ dorsed candidates would prove the al bias and blindness to stand in the way of building this great political A.L.P. leadership wrong in its es­ timate. Now that the large vote has arm of labor. been recorded, Proportional Repre­ For some time now the state lead­ sentation is to blame-for how could ership of the A.L.P. has rejected the David Dubinsky ever be wrong! Hillman proposals for the unifica­ Such is the integrity of these peo­ tion of the New York labor party. ple. They have argued that labor unions cannot deliver votes on election day * * * and that the Left Wing is a negli­ To what can the victories in the ~ible factor in New York politics. Councilmanic elections be credited? Victor Riesel, Labor Editor of the First, they must be credited to the New York Post and one of Dubin­ impact of world events, which like sky's sidekicks, wrote before the a huge juggernaut are smashing final returns were in that the A.L.P. through the long-erected Chinese state lead,ers were looking to the wall of lies and prejudices. The old Council elections to confirm · their machine politicians and their Red­ claims. These are the exact words baiting Social-Democratic cronies he used. I quote from the New York can only explain what happened in Post of November 5: mumbo-jumbo double-talk. They 1106 THE NEW YORK CITY ELECTIONS conveniently forget that New York gressive labor movement conducted is still part of the world and is still that made possible the highest de­ in1luenced by the logic of world gree of organization, because it events. Like the old Kansas farmer, aroused the voters, mobilized their they asked the cyclone to go around most advanced sections and raised their barn. But it didn't! The Red the whole campaign to the level of bogey is not yet dead; but it is rap­ a crusade. idly dying, and on our part we wish The third reason for these victor­ it godspeed. ies is that the progressive candidates A second factor of great import­ did not place their dependence up­ ance in this victory is the quality on the old corrupt political ma­ of the candidates put forth, their chines. They placed their reliance records and the crusading fashion in the first place on the people and in which they brought the major is­ built their own sper:aal electoral ma­ sues of the day to the people. These chinery. Stanley Isaacs received candidates came out of their corners the Republican designation this swinging both fists, landing upper­ year, but to the Republican Party cuts to the jaw of their opponent in­ does not go the credit for his vic­ stead of gentle slaps on the wrist. tory. The same is true of Genevieve They minced no words as to where Earle in Brooklyn. As for Michael they stood on the war and the Pres­ Quill, the progressive labor move­ ident's program. They fought against ment built its own election machin­ every form of discrimination and ery for him. Our party candidates, race prejudice, against high prices of course, had the party behind and war profiteering. They pointed them at all times, but, in addition to the record of the present City to our party, very effective non­ Council and exposed those Coun­ partisan committees were estab­ cilmen who have beeq doing every­ lished that did heroic work. Like­ thing in their power to weaken the wise, our party campaigned, not foreign and domestic policies of the exclusively for its own candidates, Commander-in-Chief. but for the victory of all win-the­ Compare this with the artful war candidates. dodging of issues that typified the Compare this with the position official Democratic Party campaign that Haskell was in. A novice at for Haskell. One would think they politics, poor soul, he placed him­ were participating in a Viennese self at the tender mercy of James waltz instead of a political battle Aloysius Farley. Jim, on the other of first magnitude. hand, reciprocated by conducting Our enemies have in recent days the kind of campaign that would paid high tribute to our ability to not have elected a dog-catcher in organize. Yes, our success is in­ Kalamazoo, let alone a Lieutenant­ deed greatly due to good organiza­ Governor in the State of New York. tion. But one cannot separate poli­ But Jim is not only guilty of tics from organization. It was the omission; for whatever may· be said kind of political fight that the pro- about him, no one has ever called THE NEW YORK CITY ELECTIONS 1107 him slovenly or lazy. Jim had an pate in the elections in the same objective. It was to defeat Haskell­ way! and he succeeded. Haskell was be­ • • • trayed by the Democratic Party ma­ chine at every turn. This can be What, comrades, is the &pecial seen in Queens. The Democrats meaning of the large party vote? there piled up a lead of about 25,- We must answer this qUestion so­ 000 for their Councilmanic candi­ berly, modestly and objectively. dates, and yet Hanley, the Republi­ Failure to do so will only lay us can, carried the borough by 23,500! open to new dangers. It will That is how the Queens Democratic repulse and drive away the thou­ machine got out the vote for Has­ sands who voted for our candidates kell-in reverse. precisely because they saw in them Between Jim Farley's stiletto and not petty partisans, but champions Mike Kennedy's Costello, Haskell and symbols of unity. It will fright­ didn't have a chance. en many of our friends. It will feed An important lesson from the the reactionaries, who are swiftly third reason for the victories there­ recO'Irering from their state of shell­ fore emerges: the need for a com­ shock and opening their big guns plete regeneration of the Demo­ to destroy Proportional Representa­ cratic Party in the state. The time tion and to weaken and damage the has come for all the true Roosevelt growing prestige of our party in the 1Upporters in the Democratic Party eyes of the people of this city. ~ clean house. The paralyzing grip of Jim Farley must be broken! The To understand why we got the corrupt machines must be smashed! large vote and what it represents, Without these there is grave danger let me take a few moments to trace that the President will be betrayed the background of our most dra­ in his own party next year. matic victo,ry,. that of Ben Davis. Side by side with the need for Two years ago we were among cleansing the Democratic Party, is the first to support the Rev. Adam that of labor building its own inde­ Clayton Powell, Jr., for the City pendent political machinery. What Council. This year we favored the the New York City C.I.O. Council unity of all the Negro people and and unions so brilliantly accom­ white progressives around another pllshed this year must become the unity representative of the Negro property of the entire labor move­ people. We did not rush to nominate ment. The C.I.O. Council by its Ben Davis. We were ready and anx­ work has once and for all belied ious to support the Negro candi­ the claim that trade unions cannot date who could best achieve the enter the political arena with suc­ broadest unity of the win-the-war cess. Imagine what can be done forces around his personality. Pow­ next year if all sections of the C.I.O. ell was urged to run. When he de­ and all sections of the labor move­ clined, we were ready to support ment in our city and state partici- Channing Tobias, who had been 1108 THE NEW YORK CITY ELECTIONS given the nomination by the Repub­ ently fought for Italian-American lican Party. But at the eleventh unity. We have consistently fought hour he too, withdrew. It was then for labor unity and for a united that the white Communist candi­ American Labor Party. All these date, Carl Brodsky, breaking all great struggles left their imprint on iradition, withdrew ·in order to the people of this city. They all enable Ben Davis to make the race. played their part in making our It is obvious, therefore, that when victory possible. Ben Davis became the candidate it That is why our candidates were was already apparent to all that endorsed by dozens of labor and this was no attempt on the part of people's organizations. Comrades the Communist Party to seek parti­ Cacchione and Davis received the san advantage. ·With no other unanimous endorsement of the prominent Negro leader in the field, C.I.O. Council. They were also en­ Ben Davis carried the ball, plung­ dorsed by A. F. of L. unions, by ing through to a touchdown. But church organizations, by fraternal Ben and our party made the run societies, by women's clubs and as part of a unity team. Ben's vic­ even by small-businessmen's groups. tory is therefore a victory of that We can therefore summarize this team as a whole. point by saying that the large vote Without this consistent record of given our candidates was not a vote fighting for unity, Ben Davis, the for the party, per se. It was not a Communist, could not have become vote of Communists for Commu­ the candidate that united the Negro nism. It was a vote of the most people and a good portion of labor progressive section of the electorate and white progressives. for anti-fascist unity-for the Com­ The same could be said of the munist policy and fight for unity­ other candidates. The people saw and for the inclusion of Communists in our candidates the best fighters as equal members in the camp of for victory and for the unity neces­ national unity. sary to achieve victory. It is in this This is the special meaning of field of struggle for anti-fascist peo­ our vote. Let us be sure that in ples' unity that our party has made the days ahead we do nothing to the greatest name for itself in the mar the record of our party as the past year. We helped to forge the selfless champion of the anti-fascist unity of the great Negro people unity of the American people. which found its high expression in Of course, the vote did not come the outpouring of Negro and white of itself. You comrades know that. masses to the historic June 7 Madi­ It had to be fought for, organized, son Square Garden Rally. We delivered on election day and pro­ helped to build the unity of the tected after election day. Our party .Jewish people and contributed to did a magnificent job. I want to the success of that great outpouring take this opportunity-in the name to greet Mikhoels and Feffer at the of our State Committee, to pay trib­ Polo Grounds. We have consist- ute to each and every one of you, •

THE NEW YORK CITY ELECTIONS 1109 and to the thousands and thousands quality; and it is only fitting that we of our comrades who are not here should let the editorial staff of the tonight. I want to pay tribute to Daily Worker know how much we those comrades who helped guaran­ appreciate the job done. tee the registration, to those who climbed stairs every evening after * * * long hours of work, to those who Comrades, the electoral victory unstintingly gave of their Saturdays has altered the relationship of po­ and Sundays, to those who worked litical forces in our city. It has among their fellow workers on the opened up new perspectives and op­ job and in their, unions, to those portunities for our party; it has also· who did the thankless clerical work brought in its wake added respon­ -the addressing of envelopes and sibilities and dangers. the licking of postage stamps. The eyes of the city will be upon To you comrades, and to our us-also the eyes of the nation. This splendid candidates, belongs the real is the only city in the country in credit for this victory. which two Communists hold elected This year we learned from our public posts. mistakes of a year ago. We were We must not only continue but in­ better organized. We concentrated tensify our efforts for the unity of our efforts. We were closer to the the American· people behind O\.U' people. Our literature was con­ Commander- in- Chief. We must crete, simple and interesting. press for international trade union Our enemies cannot urderstand unity to parallel the unity of the our party. They do not know what United Nations. We must press for it means to have thousands of work­ the adoption of the Marcantonio ers give freely of their time and Anti-Poll Tax Bill, which the reac­ energy without expecting monetary tionaries in the Senate intend either remuneration. One Manhattan poli­ to filibuster or to emasculate.· We tician told a comrade in the ar­ must rally the people for the sub­ mory at which the vote was being sidy program of the President as counted, that Ben Davis must have the means by which to establish the spent $10,000 on .election day alone. unity of the workers, middle classes Little did he realize that it is highly and farmers against the price boost­ possible that not $10 was spent on ing monopolies and war profiteers. thai day because our watchers gave We must in everything we do real­ of their time for a noble cause and ize that the 1944 election struggle not for a few paltry dollars. has already begun and that the la­ I want to pay special tribute bor and progressive forces cannot to the Daily Worker and The Work­ wait a single day before they or­ er, without which we could not have ganize and prepare for that show­ mobilized our own forces, let alone down. others. The Daily Worker was not For our party this means · rais­ only an agitator and propagandist; ing our sights all along the line. We it was an organizer of the highest must aim at greater objectives and 1110 THE NEW YORK CITY ELECTIONS score better hits. But we must do comparable with its new responsi­ this without being ostentatious; bilities. without crowing. We must work Comrades, these are some of the more modestly than ever be­ conclusions that can be drawn from fore. We must not forget that the November 2 ·elections in our while we have left the bush league, city. You have proven that it can we are not yet in the major league. be done. Let us make November 2 There is a new spirit in the par­ only a beginning. Let us fulfill our ty; a renewed confidence in its poli­ new great responsibilities in the cies and leadership; a greater con­ spirit of the decisions of the historic fidence in the· masses. Our . party Moscow Conference whose speedy must not rest on its laurels. It must execution will hasten victory in the throw aside all slovenly methods war and a better day for world of work. It must rise to new heights, mankind. SOME LESSONS OF THE CLEVELAND ELECTIONS

BY ARNOLD JOHNSON

"WHAT do we gain if we save the overcoming of juvenile delin- the city's peacetime services quency were related to the solution and lose the nation in war? Unity of manpower, production, civilian to win the war quickly is the issue defense, war bonds, and war activi­ in this election." This was the cen- ties. Lausche discussed Cleveland, tral theme emphasized by Mayor the nation, and the United Nations. Frank Lausche in the Cleveland He spoke about our boys in Italy election campaign. He won 71 per- and the South Pacific, about Stalin­ cent of the votes on November 2, grad and the glorious Soviet Army the greatest proportion of the vote offensive. His main campaign slogan ever received by a Cleveland may- was: "He serves his party best who oralty candidate. Lausche received serves his country ~est." 113,032 votes and his Republican Stanton campaigned on sewage, opponent, Edward Stanton, 49,954. garbage, and peacetime services; he Lausche won in thirty-two of the played on prejudices and tried to thirty-three wards. The Democrats attack Lausche personally. He used won eighteen Council seats, and for the old tricks which made him the first time in thirty years they known as a candidate that never have the majority. Republicans lost an election. Lausche refused to have fifteen seats. be provoked or to lower the level ::::very Lausche speech was dedi- of his campaign. He held that the cated to victory. Acknowledging his greatest service to the people of victory over the radio, he advanced Cleveland was the contribution to the call for unity of all Cleveland- the nation's war effort. He put first crs, regardless of race, color, class, things first. In many speeches he nationality or political belief, to never even talked about himself or make Cleveland the outstanding his opponent. He praised the city city in the nation's war effort. His labor-management war production discussion of local services was al- committee which changed Cleveland ways in relation to the war. Health, from most strikes to the fewest. He housing, recreation, transportation, called for unity of Negro and white the need of greater price control, voters to elect Republican Judge the smashing of black markets, and Perry Jackson, the only Negro 1111 1112 LESSONS OF THE CLEVELAND ELECTIONS judge in Ohio. He spoke out against locally by Lausche is the road to all forms of anti-Semitism. He re­ victory. ceived the support of the twenty­ The Cleveland elections immedi­ eight nationality newspapers of ately point to 1944, not only in their Cleveland, as well as of the three results, but also in the lessons. Cer­ main city newspapers. While he had tainly, the policies of Taft and the formal endorsement of the Bricker were decisively defeated. Democratic Party machine, he did Republicans had urged Governor not depend on it. The Mayor had Bricker to come to Cleveland to help his own independent organization Stanton. The Governor did not want which united and worked with all to put himself to the test and stayed win-tne-war forces, including Dem­ out of Cleveland. With Bricker ocrats, Republicans, Communists throwing his hat into the Presiden­ and independents. Among these tial ring, the Republican Cleveland forces, he placed his main reliance News greets this by comparing his on labor and the nationality groups, chances to Warren G. Harding! Taft uniting them with all other sections also stayed out and did not dare to of the population. Thus, the first put his defeatist program to a test. lesson from this campaign was the By fully learning the lessons of the tie-up of the mayor's job to the war Cleveland elections, the prospects effortin support of President Roose­ are not only· to give Ohio's support velt. Lausche used his campaign to to Roosevelt, but also to get rid of help mobilize the voters of Cleve­ Taft and Bricker. land for the war. In its content and conduct it was Labor's Decisive Role a unifying campaign. Stanton's A second feature of the campaign campaign in content and conduct was the mobilization of labor for followed the national. Republican the ·Mayor, especially in the last policy of placing narrow partisan days when trade unions issued spe­ interests above national and war in­ cial leaflets, made radio broadcasts, terests. Such a campaign disrupts and began to be active. Originally national unity and hampers the war there was the prospect of united effort, giving a base for the defeat­ labor political action. As long as ists and strength to the pro-Hitler­ this possibility existed, labor ites. Had Stanton made open decla­ marked time with unofficial discus­ rations against the Administration sions. Then a minority of A. F. of in Washington, he would have re­ L. leaders, particularly of the build­ ceived even fewer votes. Every ing trades, who were supporters of criticism which he made against Stanton, succeeded in keeping the Lausche's war activities brought A: F. of L. central body from mak­ condemnation and sent honest Re­ ing any indorsement and thus kept publican votes to Lausche. More and the joint committee of A. F. of L., more people began to see that the C.I.O. and Railroad Brotherhoods greatest unity around the Roosevelt from acting. win-the-war program as expressed Without jeopardizing the unity of LESSONS OF THE CLEVELAND ELECTIONS 1113 the joint committee, which was or­ cent of the registered voters went ganized mainly for 1944 elections to the polls, and only 65 percent of in support of Roosevelt, the C.I.O. the possible voters registered. Had central body unanimously endorsed the Mayor spoken out more con­ Lausche. When the Building Trades cretely on the Federal tax program business agents openly endorsed and mobilized the electorate against Stanton and thus ·tried to pit the Taft's sales tax, had he strengthened A. F. of L. against the C.I.O. and his position for' the roll-back in split the joint committee, then the prices, as well as other war econ­ powerful Machinists District Coun­ omy issues, larger sections of the cil, the Painters District Council, population would have voted. .and the Joint Board of the Actually, labor's joint political ac­ I.L.G.W.U. immediately endorsed tion committees in its campaigns on Lausche, and other A. F. of L. lead­ issues such as roll-back of prices, a ers became active in his behalf. corr:ect tax program, and passage Thus, the main forces of labor cam­ of the Anti-Poll Tax Bill, as well as paigned for Lausche. A small group its campaign for registration, during of A. F. of L. leaders hindered the previous months, had so joint political action by utilizing the strengthened the political thinking fact that the Mayor had refused of labor that the trade union mem­ certain wage increases and had bers were alert to the issues and made a hurried and unfortunate de- went to the polls and voted for the . cision on transit fares. However, win-the-war mayor. Unfortunately, labor saw the main issues on No­ labor's joint committee failed to vember 2 and was not diverted by function organizationally in the those who tried to create confusion. Mayor's campaign. Had it done so, Defeatist "forces outside labor's it could have established in many ranks sought to neutralize labor new wards and precincts the joint and thus keep the vote down and political action committees. The increase Stanton's chances. Only present ward committees could have when the labor forces became been ereatly strengthened. Thus, aware of this tactic did they mobi­ labor would now have been in a far lize the vote for Lausche. Compla­ better position for the crucial 1944 cency and over-confidence in even elections. Fortunately, labor's joint the more limited and politically ad­ committee did not break up, despite vanced circles had to be overcome. various newspaper provocations, Labor increased its activity-as it be­ and is now proceeding with activi­ came evident that the regular Dem­ ties and organizational work. ocratic machine was giving only From this campaign, labor must nominal support. Had labor fully learn the lesson that the elections realized its responsibility earlier in are part of the war effort. Elections the campaign, the actual vote could determine the course of the war and have been greatly increased and the the future of labor and the nation. Lausche majority would have been On 'this basis, labor unity is impera­ even more impressive. Only 49 per- tive. Labor must not only unite its 111-i LESSONS OF THE CLEVELAND ELECTIONS own ranks, but must exercise its office. The campaign of Perry Jack­ unifying role in relation to all other son was one of the broadest in the win-the-war forces, and undertake city and united all sections of the concrete practical work to this end. population in endorsements. Judge In making preparations for 1944, Jackson publicly expressed his ap­ labor cannot afford to lose time or to preciation of the support of Repub­ pursue any narrow organizational licans, Democrats, Communists and policies. In Ohio registration is now all others. on the order of the day. Every Why was he defeated? union would do well to establish The vast number of endorsements special registration committees and gave a certain overconfidence to undertake methods to dramatize the the Jackson campaign. An analy­ registration of members. Every sis of the voting for Jackson in . union could well set an early date Cleveland will show that he , was by which time the entire member­ knifed by the Republican Party. ship is registered and broken down While Jackson was a Bricker ap­ ·into wards and precincts. The joint pointee, so also was John Sweeney political action committees should -the former Deinocrat Secretary ot be fully established so as to func­ State--who was the only Democrat tion on a mass scale in the wards given a major appointment by and precincts and, together with Bricker. Defeatist Bricker Republi­ other win-the-war forces, conduct cans therefore gave undercover sup­ campaigns o n war issues in the port to Sweeney. Furthermore, while wards or on a Congressional or city the C.I.O. campaigned aggressively basis. Only then will labor avoid for Jackson, the A. F. of L. endorsed confusion on minor issues and put both Jackson and a white candidate first things first for 1944. The May -Gleason-thus negating its Jack­ primaries, which involve every post son endorsement. Also, the regular from precinct committeeman to the Democratic machine campaigned President, •will soon be here. Every­ against Jackson,' and although di­ thing is at stake on the outcome of vided among the three other candi­ the 1944 elections. dates, the machine Democrats par­ tially destroyed the good effects of New Trends Among the Negro the Lausche endorsement. A deep. People change is occurring in the ranks ot A third important feature of the the Negro people and a heightened elections is the development among political understanding is evident. the Negro people. While Cleveland The very type of a campaign con­ re-elected three Negro Republican ducted by Judge Jackson was evi­ Councilmen and elected a Negro to dence of this, where the main issues the Board of Education, it was most of the Negro people in the war were, regrettable and unfortunate that brought forward. Outstanding evi­ Judge Perry Jackson, an outstand­ dence of this new thinking among· ing Negro Republican, who received the Negro people is the fact that 52,024 votes, was not returned to Mayor Lausche, a Democrat, car- LESSONS OF THE CLEVELAND ELECTIONS 1115 ried every ward which elected Ne­ Councilmanic candidates, when gro Republicans to the City neither Republican nor Democratic Council. Likewise, we must record candidates brought forward the war the extremely favorable attitude of and the fight ·against anti-Semitism the Negro people and leadership as the main issue. But as soon as toward the Board of Education pro­ the war and support to the Admin­ gram proposed by· the Communist istration became the issue in the Party. Mayor's campaign, political-parties­ All these factors reflect a political as-usual were cast aside and the development of the Negro people, Jewish people voted for Lausche by their thinking in terms of the main three or four to one in the very war issues in a positive sense for wards where they voted for Repub­ victory, which is turning them lican Councilmen by two or three against the defeatist forces of the to one. This was true also among Republican Party. It must also be the Italians and other normally Re­ said that the Negro people will not publican wards. Defeatists tried to join with the old politicians of the keep the war out of the elections · Democratic Pa+ty. They want to so as to get into office and then use work with the win-the-war forces their new positions against the win­ of the labor movement, of the the-war desires of the people. Democratic and Republican Parties.· While Mayor Lausche is Sloven­ Throughout the campaign vast new ian and has strongest support from sections of the Negro people demon­ all the Slav peoples of Cleveland, strated a desire and willingness to yet the Germans, Hungarians, Ital­ work with the Communist Party. ians, Finns, and other national The only white candidate who re­ groups also voted overwhelmingly ceived editorial endorsement of the for him. Every national group wants largest Ohio Negro newspaper was to demonstrate loyalty to America a Communist. Because of their ad­ in the war and the desire that the vanc.ed political understanding, the native land of their forefathers shall Negro people play an increasing role be free from Hitler's barbaric fas­ in helping to determine policies of cism. Public officials must meet this the can1p of national unity in demand of their fellow citizens re­ Cleveland. In preparation for 1944, gardless of national origin. Mayor it is imperative that Negroes be Lausche's program met this chal­ brought forward into policy-making lenge. That is why they voted for bodies and that an intensive fight him. be made against all forms of dis­ Of special significance indicating crimination. developments among the Polish peo­ ple was the defeat of Republican The Jewish People and Other Councilman John Lewandowski by National Groups for War Mayor Democrat Leonard P. Franks. Both Those Jewish people who are in are Polish, but Lewandowski had Cleveland normally Republican re­ openly attacked the Soviet Union mained. as such in their voting on in a recent speech. The Polish steel 1116 LESSONS OF THE CLEVELAND ELECTIONS workers remembered it on Novem­ significant that on November 14 he ber 2. spoke with Louis Adamic at an Repeated recognition of the role American-Soviet Friendship Rally. of the Soviet Union, and loyal sup­ Thus, he continues his campaign port for President Roosevelt, to­ program to make Cleveland the best gether with the fact that the Mos­ war city. Mayor Lausche's total war cow Conference was reaching a suc­ program won the election. cessful conclusion, undoubtedly had The lesson of the people's victory a marked influence for Franks' out­ at the polls in Cleveland is of the standing victory. highest national importance as we The first official act following his approach the crucial elections of election was the issuance of a proc­ 1944. The victory of the win-the­ lamation commemorating the tenth war forces in Cleveland is not acci­ anniversary of diplomatic relations dental. It was achieved because the between the United States and the war was made the central issue of Soviet Union and the twenty-sixth the campaign; because it was an anniversary of the founding of the energetic, fighting campaign; be­ So"·iet state. That proClamation cause the Lausche campaign was placed first emphasis on the Mos­ not made dependent on his party cow Pact as "an epoch-making machine, but on the firm unity of agreement of amity and collective labor, the Negro people, the na­ security," it praised the Soviet tional groups, and other win-the­ Union for "waging a magnificent war forces. struggle against our common enemy, Nazi Germany"; pnd called for "the The Board of Education and the cooperative assistance 6f all citi­ Independent Role of the Communist zens, the press, the schools and civic Party organizations" to use the period of Mayor Lausche's program had November 6 to November 16 "that the full support of the Communist we may strengthen even to a great­ Party, which became an active force er degree the ties of friendship and in the campaign on a city-wide understanding between ourselves scale as well as in the wards. With and our great Soviet Ally." our own candidate for the Board of Lausche's first major speech fol­ Education, Communist sptakers lowing the elections was to a rally were welcomed everywhere. This of 3,000 united German-Americans indicated the great changes which in support of the United Nations' had developed in the thinking of war against Nazi Germany. This is the people and reflected the deep of special significance in that it was influences which the war had cre­ a recognition of the deep anti-Nazi ated. We did not fully appreciate movement developing among the this fact early enough and really German people in Cleveland which began to understand the develop­ gives strength to the smashing of ment in the thinking of the people Hitlerism in Europe and especially when Arnold Johnson, Ohio State \n Germany itself. Likewise, it is Secretary of the Communist Party, LESSONS OF THE CLEVELAND ELECTIONS 1117 received 47,335 votes. It is signifi­ Council urged their workers at the cant that no candidate indulged in booths to handle our cards on elec­ Red-baiting during the campaign. tion day; and a whole series of other Forty-three per cent of those who events. The Communists were also voted for candidates to the Board largely responsible for the election of Education cast their votes for a of John Morning, a Negro, to the Communist. Board of Education. Our campaign contributed to the As fully significant was the new thinking of the people of Cleveland attitude in the ranks of labor when in regard to our school system. Un­ I appeared before the Legislative der the title of "Education for Vic­ and Scanning Committee of the tory" many immediate as well , as Cleveland Federation of Labor in fundamental problems were tackled, an appeal for endorsement. Not only such as: The use of our schools for was our program well received, but war activities, juvenile delinquency, the committee discussed it for over recreation, health, education against an hour with five speaking for en­ fascism, improving the study of . dorsement ana only one against. In American history, the elimination the voting, five were in favor, ten of anti-Negro discrimination and were against, because of publicity, anti-Semitism, education toward a and about twelve abstained. At the positive attitude to the labor move­ Cleveland Federation of Labor ment, and strengthening the ideo­ meeting where the report was logical bases of democracy. The made, the committee decided to re­ program called for a worthy atti­ port the matter of endorsement as tude toward our youth and the fu­ referred back to the committee, ture of America in collaboration thus avoiding public rejection of with the United Nations and all endorsement. However, the doors of peoples in the post-war world. The local unions in both the A. F. of L. program which we advanced helped and C.I.O. were open for speakers, to stimulate developing changes in who were well received, a number the attitudes and relationships of of locals giving endorsement and others toward Communists. others participating in the cam­ These changes were most evident paign without extending official en­ among the Negro people in the dorsements. course of the campaign, when the Within the Democratic Party candidate of the Communist Party similar developments are taking received the endorsement of the place, which we appreciated rather two Negro newspapers, a non-parti­ late in the campaign. Spokesmen for san Citizens Committee of seventy our campaign were given the op­ Negroes including a number of min­ portunity to speak at that party's isters and trade unionists; when main mass meetings in the wards at some of the largest Negro churches which the Mayor was the main welcomed our party campaigners as speaker. On Election Day workers speakers at their church services; at the booths gladly handled our when Negro candidates for the City material as well as that of other 1118 LESSONS OF THE CLEVELAND ELECTIONS candidates. We were not fully pre­ the Negro p~ss and some national­ pared for such favorable develop­ ity papers, including a special ad­ ments. vertisement by a committee of Jew­ Within the. wards, both Republi­ ish citizens, made the Communist cans and Democrats sought the en­ campaign more effective. One thou­ dorsement and support of Commu­ sand small-size billboard posters for nist· Party clubs. Recommendations the Board of Education were put up or endorsements were made for throughout the city. most wards, and these made always The very conduct of the cam­ public through leatl.ets. In no case paign retl.ected, not only an effort to was there any Red-baiting by those fulfill a responsibility in an elec­ who were denied support. In one tion, but to meet the expectations ward, where both Councilmanic and desires of our membership, candidates were denied endorse­ especially the new members 'who ment, Election Day found both think of political parties in terlrul party machines cooperating in of such activity. handling our material in an effort One lesson that stanas . out for to get last-day favorable considera­ the Communist Party is the vast tion. Our party clubs had the most importance of the functioning of favorab1e relationships with Coun­ the ward clubs, which can intl.uence cilman Krizek in Ward 30, the ward the entire election campaign in a with the latgest voting population ward. in the State of Ohio, and after his The .election campaign provided Ti.ctory he made a special point an immediate basis for the activa­ publicly to thank the Communist tion of trade unionists who had Party for its work in the campaign. been transferred from former shop The Communist campaign for the branches to ward clubs. Not only iiChool Board involved support of did they become effective leaders in Catholics. At no time did Polk or the wards, but they found answer11 Owens raise Communism as an is­ to many of the questions of their aue. At two Democratic ward meet­ work in the unions and shops, par­ ings, Polk spoke favorably of John­ ticularly in the field of political ac­ iOn. A good number of Catholic tion. New members helped develop political leaders including Council­ forms of political activity, particu­ manic candidates encouraged votes larly in precincts and neighbor­ for Johnson. hoods. Steps are now being taken In all the speeches, radio pro­ in some ward clubs · to establish grams and leatl.ets, the campai~ of precinct committeemen who are the Communists was for Lausche, taking the place of former "group .1ackson, Johnson and specific Coun­ leaders" and who will compose the cilmanic candidates. Much material membership committee of the club. was also issued for the Board of Ward clubs issued their own leatl.ets Education campaign. Over 200,000 in addition to city material. They pieces of literature were distribut­ contacted organizations in the ed. Newspaper advertisements in neighborhoods and arranged speak- LESSONS OF THE CLEVELAND ELECTIONS 1119 ing engagements. They took respon­ · membership-was able to do good sibility for distributing leaflets at work. Had we fully appreciated the specified shops. They organized developments and reacted ·quickly their own mass meetings as well as in relation to all of them, otir work holding club meetings where the would have been far more effec­ elections were connected with all tive. Every club could have been other events and ~evelopments, par­ fully mobilized and its members ac­ ticularly in the trade union move­ tivated. ment. These ward clubs became po­ Had the Communists, and par­ litical centers in every phase of the ticularly the state leadership, given campaign-for the Mayor, the more concrete attention to every de­ Judge, the Board of Education, and velopment in other cities in Ohio, the Councilmen. where in most cases the war was It should of course be realized kept out of the elections, and had that the vote of 43 percent of the the labor movement been properly electorate for Arnold Johnson involved, the situation could have should not be interpreted as a vote been greatly improved, and the for Communism. Rather it should whole state would have advanced. be seen as an expression of opinion If the powerful labor movement favoring inclusion of the Commu­ in Ohio had acted on the basis of nists in the win-the-war coalition the new situation and fulfilled its and recognizing their signal con­ political role to the membership tribution to the war effort. Second- and the people as a whole, the vote 17, it reflects broad agreement with would have turned out, and not only the Board of Education program Cleveland, but the entire state in­ proposed by Arnold Johnson. cluding the rural areas coUld now . The development of the political be on the road to making Ohio the ihinking of the people is of such a best win-the-war state in the union. character that old methods and ap­ That job must yet be done before proaches to problems and people do the primaries in May of 1944. aot apply. We must see that a Certainly, the vote in Cleveland change has occurred, and that the places new responsibilities in the change among the people is one of building of the party and the cir­ politically stronger support for the culation of The Worker and the war, of a better quality in the unity Daily Worker. The first need is to of the people. This change has been see the changes that are occurring tremendously strengthened and de­ and on the basis of the new situa­ veloped by the successful Moscow tion to begin tackling the task of Conference. It will be advanced building a mass Communist Party. even further 'by the opening of the What is true for Cleveland applies Second Front in Europe and the to other Ohio cities. The events of smashmg of fascism. On the basis of the election campaign only reflect appreciating these changes, the the further rapid advancement of Communist Party in Cleveland-its changes among the masses which leadership and the main bulk of its made possible the united win-the- 1120 LESSONS OF THE CLEVELAND ELECTIONS war campaign that defeated the more--that the existence of a strong pro-Hitlerite Martin Sweeney a Communist Party, acting in collabo­ year ago and was followed by the ration with all other win-the-war successful party building campaign forces, is vital to a heightened war of six months ago when the Ohio effort; that party building gives po­ party increased its membership by litical and organizational strength 40 percent in a three-month re• to win-the-war forces in the crucial cruiting drive. 1944 elections. This must be our The election campaign shows not approach to the immediate tasks only that the conditions exist for arising from an analysis of the 1943 building a mass party, but even elections in Cleveland. THE ELECTIONS IN PHILADELPHIA

BY SAMUEL ADAMS DARCY

.THE defeat of William c. Bullitt, where the Farleyites and their local candidate for Mayor of Phila­ anti-Administration allies were delphia, is one of the signal vic­ standard-bearers. tories of this election campaign for In Allegheny County, of which the forces of victory and progress. Pittsburgh is the center, the Demo­ com­ An Associated Press dispatch cratic. ticket, with a leadership dated November 3 reported: pletely pro-Roosevelt, won a smash­ ing majority, exceeding previous "At a testimonial lunch in honor records. One' bf the few Republicans of James Farley given by the Ki­ to survive this sweep was judiciary wanis Club, he said that results of candidate, Blair Gunther, who is Tuesday's voting indicated that the head of the progressive Slav Con­ American people are dissatisfied. gress. He recalled that a year ago in Oma­ In the anthracite region, despite ha he said the people 'were a bit John L. Lewis' conniving, the Dem­ tired of being kicked around.' 'It is ocratic candidate for Mayor of apparent that they are still dissatis­ Wilkes-Barre, Cornelius McCole, fied,' Farley continued, saying that defeated the Republican incumbent, will be 'the most important 1944 Mayor Charles Loveland. election year we have ever had' and expressed the hope that yesterday's In York County, in a strategic voting 'will have a very salutary election for State Senator, the effect on those who guide the des­ known progressive, win-the-war tinies of the nation.' " Democrat, Guy A. Leader, defeated his Republican opponent. This coun- Mr. Farley, it seems, lost no time ty's election constitutes a pointed in launching his campaign against refutation of Farley's pessimistic Roosevelt, on the assumption that anti-Administration position, be­ the people were turning against the cause while Leader won his Senate President. seat by several thousand votes, the But for Pennsylvania the election Farley-Democratic Boyd, who had results show no general trend to- captured the nomination for Mayor ward the Republican Party, and (as of York in the Democratic primar­ for Philadelphia in particular) de- ies, was defeated by about 500 feat of the Democrats took place votes. 1121 1122 THE ELECTIONS IN PHILADELPHIA Relation of Forces in Philadelphia F.D.R., win-the-war state candidate that Pennsylvania has had. He re­ In contrast to the pro-Roosevelt fused to red-bait, and some of his leadership of the state Democrats speeches were excellent win-the­ headed by David Lawrence and the war addresses. He lost Philadelphia Breslin-Ross forces, the Philadel­ by only 139 votes, in the final count, phia Democratic Party has been out of 635,000 cast. controlled by a Farley type of lead­ All signs pointed to the need for ership headed by the Kelly-Clark­ a strong, progressive, win-the-war Donoghue-Flanigan group. The Democratic candidate in the 1943 candidates of this group have hard­ mayoralty elections. Had they nomi­ ly been distinguishable from the nated such a man, and several were Republicans, and frequently they available, the Democrats would have nominated so-called "inde7 have swept the elections. pendent Republicans," while deny­ ing labor , adequate candidacies. Bullitt's Nomination and Its Support Each time their candidates met de­ feat. But at each. year of Presiden­ Philadelphia has a small but tial elections, the Rooseyelt nation­ powerful and wealthy aristocracy, al ticket, whose progressivism was known after the section of the city clear, won . by overwhelming ma­ in which they livE!, as the "Main jorities. The following figures of the Line" people. The Democratic wing Philadelphia vote are illuminating: of this Main Line, headed by At­ torney-General Biddle and William Democratic Vote C. Bullitt, is that dangerous group Year Compared with which parades as liberals while do­ Republican Vote ing reaction's dirtiest work. Biddle 1934 ······························ -19,856 joined with Farley to cook up a deal 1935 ······························ -49,186 whereby Bullitt was nominated for 1936 ···························· + 209,876 Mayor of Philadelphia. Their plan 1937 ······························ + 10,359 1938 ...... -12,448 was a cunning one: The Mayor of Philadelphia controls 19,000 jobs; if 1939 ······························ -29,676 1940 ...... + 177,271 the Biddle-Bullitt group could ac­ 1941 ...... - 4,962 quire that patronage, they would 1942 ...... - 139 dominate Pennsylvania's delegation to the National Convention in 1944, Note that in 1936 and 1940 Roose­ which is second only to New York's. velt gained majorities of about This delegation would then unite 200,000 over his Republican oppo­ with the Farley forces, the Southern nent. But, as the local Democrats Poll Tax Democrats, and other anti­ veered further from the President's Roosevelt elements in an effort to policies, the Republicans scored seize control of the Administration. higher majorities. Last year (1942) to carry through their reactionary the Democratic eandidate for Gov­ program. They aim to change the ernor was Clair Ross, nearest to an country's foreign policy particular- THE ELECTIONS IN PHILADELPHIA 1123 ly in line with Bullitt's Soviet-hat­ make support of President Roose­ ing "carrot and club" speech; to velt a plank of his platform. change the Administration's attitude After Acting Mayor Bernard Sam­ toward labor in line with Biddle's uel was nominated as Republican persecutions of progressive labor mayoralty candidate, a group of in­ leaders; and to change all other do­ dependent Republicans, resenting mestic policies in line with Farley's him as a "ward-upstart," acclaimed reactionary views. and supported the Main Line aris­ The nomination of Bullitt for ma­ iocrat Bullitt. Some of these, how­ yor did seem at first like a master ever, such as the Evening Bulletin, stroke for the Farley-Biddle com­ changed their minds as the campaign bination. It appeared for a while progressed and they saw the swing as if Bullitt would become a coali­ of sentiment against Bullitt. tion candidate of the Democrats and A further ally that Bullitt had was a great section of the Republican in the concern of some pro-Roose· Party. State Senator George velt forces as to the effect of a Woodward, one of the most reaction­ Democratic Party defeat upon the ary Republicans in the State, rep­ President's chances .Qf carrying resenting the rich Germantown­ Pennsylhnia in 1944. The Bullitt Chestnut Hill district of Philadel­ forces argued demagogically that phia, hailed Bullitt's nomination in with~mt the benefit of the 19,000 pat­ glowing terms. So did the well­ ronage jobs (which Bullitt intended known Republican industrialist R. to use against him!) F.D.R.'s chances P. Brown, and many others. would be jeopardized. But for the The Republican Philadelphia In­ past ten years, as the figures show, quirer described the city as "elated" the President has received over­ at the nomination and termed it a whelming majorities without benefit "success" for the Democratic Party. of the 19,000 patronage jobs and de­ The Republican Bulletin (largest spite the consistent defeats of the evening newspaper in the country) local Democratic tickets. declared: A still further ally that Bullitt had was a section of the Catholic "Citizens who want Philadelphia hierarchy, particularly the group to press forward . . . wil.l welcome headed by Brother Alfred, who di­ the sight of William C. Bullitt's hat rects Catholic trade union action. in the mayoralty ring. This seemed a substantial asset, "Mr. Bullitt's first obligation as since Bullitt had the use of Catho­ candidate will be to make it clear lic halls that his aim is to serve Philadelphia throughout the city, with rather than the national Democratic the parochial schools and church in­ Party and that he does not wish to fluence on his behalf. ride into the campaign on Presi­ dent Roosevelt's coat-tails." Where Did Labor Stand?

Throughout his campaign, Bullitt Throughout the campaign the Bul­ was guided by this advice not to litt forces claimed that labor was 1124 THE ELECTIONS IN PHILADELPHIA united behind him; but on the day Weinstein group appeared to get a after elections all admitted that this great majority for Bullitt, but ac­ was a childish illusion. The Social­ tually achieved their majority by Democratic Dubinsky forces pledged silencing the minority opposition in to "deliver" labor over to Bullitt, a number of large delegations but they failed completely. through invoking the unity rule. Philadelphia labor took a great After this fight in the United La­ step forward this year by forming bor Council, about fifteen other A. a United Labor Committee for pro­ F. of L. local unions, led by Wil­ gressive independent political action liam Green's representative, Mallen, and rallying one-third of organized voted to endorse Samuel. · In the labor in the city to active participa1 rest of the unions, including I.L.G. tion. However, the leadership of the W.U., and Amalgamated Clothing United Labor Committee was seized Workers, the membership and less­ by the Dubinsky forces, represented er officials refused to help Bullitt's by Otto in the International Ladies candidacy during the entire cam­ Garment Workers Union and paign and on election day. Despite Charles Weinstein of the Amalga­ the distribution of a vast amount of mated Clothing Workers tJnion. Un­ Social-Democratic literature sup­ fortunately, Jim McDevitt,· Presi­ porting Bullitt, including special dent of the State A. F. of L., per­ editions of the Jewish Daily For­ mitted himself to be used as a f;t"ont ward and the New Leader, Wein­ by these elements. They refused to stein, who had promised the Bullitt lift a finger to intercede in the Dem­ Committee 5,000 election workers, ocratic Party in the pre-primary was able to deliver less than 300! period for the selection of progres­ The Weinstein-Otto leadership sive candidates. After Bullitt was did succeed in frustrating the nominated, they tried to ram that United Labor Committee's declared nomination down the throats of the purpose of independent, progressive . labor movement. The Social-Demo­ political action, and narrowed that cratic leaders of the needle trades organization's activity to a handful unions, pretending to speak for all of Social-Democrats. Jim McDev­ of labor, issued fawning statements itt could be the center of a great as soon as Bullitt's nomination was movement for united labor political announced, declaring that "Bullitt action in Philadelphia. He has will make the best candidate for played a positive role, and has done Mayor the city could have," and the labor movement much good. He pledging that "organized labor will will not accomplish that on the po­ support him." This "independent litical field, however, as long as he labor political action" did not suc­ defers to the Weinstein-Otto lead­ ceed! After a heated debate, over ership. twenty locals voted against endorse­ ment of Bullitt, declaring them­ The Progressive Ticket selves also against Samuel. Through Even before the nomination the manipulation of votes, the Otto- anti-Bullitt forces had been rallied. THE ELECTIONS IN PHILADELPHIA 1.125 A bitter pre-primary struggle had worked out the following line of ac­ been carried on by the more pro­ tion: to make victory and the war gressive labor leaders, some Demo­ the main issue; to reject Bullitt as cratic Party progressives, and the unacceptable by his record on this Communist Party. Bullitt's nomina­ issue; to endorse the remainder of tion was accompanied by a terrific the Democratic ticket; to reject the Red-baiting campaign launched by entire Republican ticket as consti­ the' Philadelphia Record, which tuting a front for Pew, the anti­ announced in front-page cartoons Roosevelt America Firster; and to and leading editorials that only the effect the formation of an Inde­ Communists were opposed to Bul­ pendent Voters League for Philadel­ litt. His nomination was hailed as phia. This committee, under the our defeat; he did appear as a for­ chairmanship of a prominent Roose­ midable, almost irresistible candi­ velt Democrat, Dr. Daniel Longaker, date. nominated a member of the A. F. Immediately upon his nomina­ of L. Central Labor Union, Jules C. tion, trade union progressives cir­ Abercauph, as candidate for Mayor. culated letters exposing Bullitfs record to Democratic committee­ How Did the Struggle Develop? men, ward leaders and city officials, to all trade union officials, etc. In The Bullitt forces tried to limit support of this action, The Worker the campaign to "local issues" from published an expose of Bullitt's the beginning. No questions con­ anti-labor, anti-Semitic, reaction­ cerning the war or President Roose­ ary writings, and created a sensa­ velt were to be discussed and all tion in the city, temporarily stay­ references to Bullitt's political his­ ing the tide of Bullitt sentiment. tory were to be excluded 'aS "per­ This was followed by a campaign sonalities." In announcing discus­ of enlightenment, exposing Bullitt's sion of the Democratic platform, the betrayal of Spain, betrayal of Bullitt Committee said, "Absolute France, responsibility for Munich, freedom of expression is guaranteed and giving his anti-Soviet conniv­ to each organization except that per­ ings from the time of the Bullitt­ sonalities will not be permitted and Steffens mission to Moscow in 1919. the discussion must be confined to In this campaign The Worker Philadelphia problems." At the end played a leading part and gained of September, the platform com­ thereby a substantial increase in mittee leaders announced that they subscription circulation. Over one must "put pure water .first in the million pieces of literature were platform" and "the construction of distributed in the city by the pro­ a sewage disposal system." gressive forces against Bullitt, in This policy was given substantial addition to newspaper advertise­ support by a large section of the ments, radio programs, mass meet­ Republican Party, including the two ings, etc. biggest newspapers, the Bulletin and The progressives and Communists the Inquirer, and all of the "re- 1126 THE ELECTIONS IN PHILADELPHIA spectable" Main Line Republicans. In issuing the Republican election Some of the Republican ward lead­ platform, the win-the-war gro~p ers, however, were influenced by, won out, and the opening sentence and made a good deal of the ex­ declared for "full support to the posures circulated by the progres­ 'Federal Government and the armed sives with regard to Bullitt's Mu­ · forces and the achievement of final nich record. Their chief spokesman victory." Acting-Mayor Samuel was County Commissioner Morton pledged "unqualified support to Witkin, who declared: President Roosevelt on the conduct of the war." "Mr. Bullitt has not yet been able Of "course, these good words should to deny his own statements as printed in the leading newspapers be remembered in the light of pre­ of America at the time of the fall vious and similar Republican dema­ of Paris. Nor· has he been able to gogy. In the 1942 elections, the Re­ deny the charges against him by publican campaign circulars for leading Americans. Governor Martin demanded the "Now, Mr. Bullitt, isn't it true "Second Front." Nevertheless, the that the leader of Russia, Mr. Stalin, state organization of the Republican asked for your removal from Russia? Party is going through an increas­ Why? Wasn't it because of your infamous intrigue with the Trotsky­ ingly severe struggle to determine ites whose leader he also banished? its course for 1944. At the last State Mr. Bullitt, didn't you. side with the Committee meeting held in Phila­ Japanese at the end of 1935 with re­ delphia, in the second week of Oc­ gard to the peninsula at Vladivo­ tober, three groups, all anti-Roose­ stok?" velt, were evident, all showing con­ siderable strength: one headed by The Main Line Republicans, the Pew and Grundy, another by Gov­ Pew forces, the Inquirer, and the ernor Martin, and the third by Sen­ Bulletin, publicly denounced Wit­ ator Davis, who has expressed sym­ kin for "following the Communists," pathy with Willkie. and to the end of the campaign there was a running public controversy in The progressives' fight to make the Republican Party on this issue. the winning of the war the main is­ The Bulletin, for example, after de­ sue of these elections also affected nouncing Witkin in one editorial, the Democrats. Bullitt's "carrot and declared in a follow-up: club" speech is by now notorious, having been so brilliantly exposed "If either Acting-Mayor Samuel by Comrade Browder. On Septem­ or Mr. Bullitt is at a loss for an ber 13, after he was nominated and issue of genuine concern to Phila­ despite his own announced restric­ delphians, one might be found . . . tion of the campaign to 'local is­ the matter of sewage disposal is of sues," Bullitt made an even more prime importance. . . . It could be discussed without defaming any in­ vicious speech before the organiza­ dividual or the city. Let's have en­ tion calling itself the Polish Relief lightenment." Society. He not only declared him- THE ELECTIONS IN PHILADELPHIA 1127 self on the side of the Polish fas­ some Republicans claimed that the cists who were conniving and arm­ anti-Bullitt vote was an anti-Roose­ ing against the Soviet Union; he not velt vote. There is not one fact to only demanded fulfillment of all sustain this contention. Although claims against the Soviet Union by Samuel declared for "unqualified the Polish feudal landlords and their support" to Roosevelt's conduct of London Government-In-Exile; he the war, Bullitt never approached also rattled the sabre, threatening such a declaration. He brought the that if this were not granted, "the President into the campaign only to sons and daughters of American sol­ shift the blame for the betrayal of diers and sailors and marines and Paris from himself, saying that what aviators who are now facing death he did in Paris for the Nazis was will have to go out again to fight." done because the President had or­ As the campaign continued and it dered him to stay there. When Har:.. became increasingly evident that the rison Spangler, National Republican electorate was hostile to Bullitt's Chairman, delivered a speech in anti-Sovietism, he began to change Philadelphia, stupidly calling Bullitt his tune. He later protested that he a "pawn of the White House," it was was a friend of the Soviet Union repudiated by Democrats and Re­ and opposed to Japanese claims at publicans alike. The Inquirer de­ Vladivostok. On October 21, realiz­ clared in a headline; "New Deal is ing the tremendous effect on Phila­ not issue in Mayoralty campaign," delphia voters of Browder's recent and the Evening News, staunchest statement that support of Bullitt of Republican papers, declared, would be a slap at the Soviet Union, "F.D.R. keeps out of Philadelphia Bullitt issued a press release urg­ fight. . . ." The progressives were ing that "Americans pray for the able, however, to repudiate Bullitt's success of the Soviet parle;Y." policies insofar as they differed The Democratic election platform from President Roosevelt's. which had begun with sewage and water as the main issue, in its final The Activity of the Communist Party draft had as point number one, a mild declaration for "cooperation in As the_ ~_:ampaign progressed, "lo­ carrying on the war." This was cal issues'' were pushed into the weakened by a mass of verbiage background, and finally the election concerning post-war adjustments, was fought on the issues of Bullitt's which made the Democratic plat­ war record. Our party was a leading form on the war issue weaker than factpr in this process, and in the the pro-war declarations of the Re­ entire campaign. It should be noted, publicans. Philadelphia did not miss however, that we were less success­ the significance of Bullitt's maneu­ ful in exposing the menace of the vering with the question of support reactionary Pew's operations behind to the war. the innocent-appearing front of In the post-election summaries, Acting-Mayor Samuel. Bullitt's pa- 1128 THE ELECTIONS IN PHILADELPHIA per, the Record, tried to evade the joined in any part of the Bullitt­ war issue with a long-winded series Stern-Kent attack upon our party. of articles attacking the Commu­ The contrary happened. In the lower nists. Involuntarily they paid tribute ranks, the fiercer the election strug­ to the vigor of the Communist Par­ gle became, the larger the numbers ty's role in the :fight, stating that of the Democratic Party 9fficialdom "for the :first time in Philadelphia's that became friendlier to our party history, the American Communist and expressed resentment at Bul­ Party has jumped into a mayoralty litt's having been put over on them. campaign with both feet." To the end of the campaign, Red­ Frank R. Kent, a vicious, West­ baiting was limited to Stern-Bullitt brook Pegler type of anti-Roosevelt and the Social-Democrats. At one columnist, wrote: point of the campaign, some of Bul­ litt's closest co-workers, including "In no other place and at no other Kelly, his campaign manager, pub­ time have the Communists in the licly expressed disgust at the line country made a :fight of this charac­ of his speeches. Within the labor ter.... [They] assailed the Demo­ movement, the handful of Social­ cratic candidate with a violence and Democrats carried this Red-baiting fury of which no previous indication has been given.... Earl Browder, policy both in the speeches of W ein­ head of the Comml,lDist Party in stein and Otto, as well as through America, recently made a virulent the New Leader and the Forward attack against Mr. Bullitt in a Town and miscellaneous pamphlets which Hall speech. Other Communist ora­ were distributed by commercial tors have followed suit and the full agencies at enormous expenditure weight of the Communist Party is of funds. But Red-baiting was never being used to encompass his defeat." less effective and union officials in their own unions showed their atti­ Then follows a detailed defense of tude by boycotting meetings of elec­ Bullitt's anti-Sovietism, closing: tion workers called by Weinstein and Otto. In no election in the past "This is a new development in ten years have Weinstein and Otto American politics. Nothing quite like it has been done before. . . . been able to turn out so few election Obviously their idea is to prevent workers from their own unions as any man openly unfriendly to the in this election. Soviet system rising in American if politics and they can to penalize The Meaning of the Results such men for holding such views. . . . [The Communist attack] ought to help Mr. Bullitt." What did the :final election result show? Bullitt, who began his cam­ In this attack against our party, paign with the expectation of sweep­ several things were significant: (1) ing the city, sustained a defeat by no other Democratic candidate, no a larger margin than any Democrat spokesman for the Democratic Party has suffered since the Democratic THE ELECTIONS IN PHILADELPHIA 1129 Party became a serious organization In 1942, 630,000 votes were cast in Pennsylvania this century. He lost (120,000 less than in 1939). The by over 65,000 votes Democrats lost by only 139. More significant than that, how­ Thus, if these statistics are im­ ever, Bullitt ran behind his own portant, they would seem to indicate entire ticket. He ran over 8,000 votes that a smaller vote operates in favor behind his running mate, Judge Bok, of the Democrats. Of course, all such the well-known Roosevelt progres­ mechanical explanations are non­ sive. The campaign of the progres­ sense. Bullitt was defeated by politi­ sives in the trade unions and of the cal factors. Bullitt's war record, his Communist Party to support the anti-Sovieteering, his collusive role Democratic Councilmanic candidates in relation to Munich, Spain and the while defeating Bullitt, bore fruit, betrayal of France, his avoidance of so that, despite the Bullitt defeat, giving President Roosevelt all-out the Democratic Councilmen have in­ endorsement, his Red-baiting and creased their vote. At this moment, his fronting for the Social-Demo­ with the official count not completed, crats in Philadelphia-these are the it seems certain that they will re­ factors that defeated him. tain the seats they had in the previ­ ous council and that they may in­ The Effect of Abercauph's Candidacy crease their number. The Social-Democrats have cir­ There Were more split tickets in culated preposterous excuses for Philadelphia this year than in any Bullitt's defeat. One such excuse is other year. About 5,000 voted for that rain cut the vote. Another ex­ Abercauph for Mayor and the rest cuse, voiced in PM and other news­ of the Democratic ticket. Another papers under varying degrees of So­ 6,100 voted for Samuel for Mayor cial-Democratic influence, is that and the rest of the Democratic tick­ the anti-Bullitt forces, particularly et on the theory that voting for the Communists, organized a bus Abercauph is "throwing away the tie-up. That the bus tie-up on elec­ vote," in that it might not suffice to tion day cut the total vote and that defeat Bullitt, whereas voting for ·a small total vote operates in 'favor Samuel would insure Bullitt's de­ of the Republicans, whereas a larger feat. This indicates a weakness in vote operates in favor of the Demo­ the campaign to expose the menace crats. Every item of these excuses of Pew in the situation. For, al­ is false. though Samuel was originally .not The baselessness of the excuse Pew's c a n d i d a t e and Samuel's that a smaller vote operates in favor speeches and platform were not of the Republicans is shown, for ex­ characteristic Pew speeches, there ample, by a study of the polls in could be no check to date refuting previous years: the fact that Pew put considerable In 1939, 750,000 votes were cast. money into the Republican cam­ The Democrats were beaten by paign and together with Grundy 30,000 votes. dominates and controls the Republi- 1130 THE ELECTIONS IN PHILADELPHIA can Party for anti-Roosevelt, and, those who wish to fight for equal as recent events have shown, even rights for the Negro people are ad­ anti-Willkie, purposes. Estimates mitted without regard to political based on the unofficial count indi­ creed. cate that from 15,000 to 20,000 vot­ As against this determined effort ers failed to vote for any mayoralty of the Republicans to win the favor candidate, although voting for the of the Negro people, the local Dem­ other offices. The total of all these ocrats have consistently ignored the is 25,000 to 30,000. This does not problem. Bullitt was particularly count the many tens of thousands offensive in his attitude. He cynic­ of Democrats who simply stayed ally tried to trick the Negro people. away from the polling places alto­ In connivance with the Social-Dem­ gether. There were 10,000 fewer to­ ocrats he announced a conference tal votes cast in the entire election for "Inter-Racial cooperation" to as compared to 1942, but the fall­ take place on October 20 at the off in the vote for the Democratic Academy of Music in Philadelphia. candidate for mayor was 37,000. It When people arrived there they dis­ should be noted that there were also covered it was a cheap stunt to get a considerable-as yet uncounted­ them to a Bullitt election rally. Deep number of votes cast for Bullitt for resentment resulted and the Negroes .mayor and for the balance of the present demonstrated by walking Republican ticket. T h e s e were out en masse. largely upper class Republicans. Unfortunately, a great many of Their number early in the campaign them were not convinced of the use­ threatened to be larger. fulness of Abercauph's candidacy as Among the Negro people a fair an alternative, and instead voted for estimate shows as high as 70 per Samuel. cent voted for Samuel. The Repub­ Considerable progress has been licans and Pew himself had made made in advancing the struggle for special efforts to win the Negro vote. Negro rights, but the above-given Pew was one of the first employers facts clearly indicate how much to yield to the pressure for hiring more has to be done for Negro and Negroes for skilled jobs, and now white unity. Especially the trade employs 18,000 Negroes in the Sun unions must awaken to the fact that Shipyards. He interceded with Gov­ if they d6 not act, Pew will-and not ernor Martin of Pennsylvania for good purposes. against extraditing Negroes to the In explaining the final vote the South, and sent his personal attor­ Philadelphia Record turns in wrath neys to aid Buckanon, the Negro upon the labor movement. Its analy­ whose extradition was sought at sis of the labor vote (published No­ Trenton, N. J. Republican Governor vember 4) reads as follows: Martin appointed a Governor's In­ ter-Racial Commission under the "Union labor leaders with the best leadership of the Negro progressive intentions could not deliver 'the la­ E. Washington Rhodes, in which bor vote.' It is doubtful if there is a THE ELECTIONS IN PHILADELPHIA 1131 'labor vote.' Union members are hu­ thGy permit special groups to seize man beings like all of us. In America leadership in the Roosevelt camp they are not class conscious as in with special axes to grind such as England and on the continent. They Red-baiting or anti-Sovieteering or don't like to be told how to vote· Bullitt's new post-election activity by their union officials any more Inc., than they like to· be bossed by their of advocating Federal Union, wives or union leader." i.e., Anglo-American imperialist domination of the rest of the world. · Considering that the Record made 3. For 1944 all win-the-war forces the chief n~ature of its campaign the without any limitation but without claim that Bullitt's election was as­ ulterior partisan motives must be sured by the united labor vote, this united behind candidates who sup­ sudden reversal of judgment can be port the Commander-in..,Chief and attributed only to piq~e. It is non­ the government's war program. sense to say there is no labor vote. 4. Labor unity for political action One need only point to the fact that must be achieved. The error of per­ President Roosevelt gets a united mitting the Social-Democrats to seize labor vote in Philadelphia each time leadership and setting aside the he runs and thereby carries the city movement for independent political by majorities of 200,000. action to their own purposes and control is certainly evident in Phila­ The Tasks for 1944 delphia. On a state scale the move­ The essential nature of the Phila­ ment for united labor political ac­ delphia election was, from the point tion which has already taken prac­ of view of the win-the-war forces, tical form in the 33rd Congressional an action to fight off a flank attack District (East Pittsburgh and Mc­ made on the war effort by the tac­ Keesport) and in the 29th Congres­ tic of uniting the Bullitt-Biddle­ sional District (Erie), in Reading Farley elements into a bloc which and in Philadelphia, and in many wanted to seize the Pennsylvania other parts of the state, must be Democratic Party for anti-United united into a single state-wide Nations purposes. In this sense the movement. pro-Roosevelt progressives of Phila­ 5. One of the gains of the election delphia were victorious. It, however, is that the Communist Party has had left the Republicans in office. That restored to it its place on the ballot is an unfinished task. as a legal party. This breaks down All progressive-thinking people the ruling to remove us made by should learn the lesson for 1944: ex-Governor James' reactionary 1. If re-emphasizes the lesson commission of two years ago. The learned in so many other elections, party must carefully utilize this op­ that the Democratic Party cannot portunity to promote the general win with Republican types of plat­ unity along progressive lines. .forms or reactionary Republican 6. Special efforts must be made types of candidates. to strengthen the progressive work 2. The Democrats cannot win if in the coal areas, where John L. 1132 ' THE ELECTIONS IN PHILADELPHIA Lewis will no doubt play his usual 7. Finally, the entire state is dis­ disruptive role; and in Reading, cussing the lessons which .this recent where the Social-Democrats will try election has to teach. Every effort to carry through their policies dis­ must be made to help in those dis­ ruptive of the war effort around ,cussions to promote clarity, so that Mayor Stump, who succeeded in all groups will be able to draw the gaining office, even though the rest proper conclusions from the events of the Socialist Party ticket met de­ and work out an effective program feat. for 1944. THE SAN FRANCISCO ELECTIONS

BY WILLIAM SCHNEIDERMAN

HE San Francisco municipal peating Governor Warren's success­ T elections, in which the Big Busi- ful subterfuge in the 1942 elections. ness Republican Roger Lapham was Lapham even claimed the support elected Mayor over the labor-backed of President Roosevelt, basing his candidate George Reilly, were an claim on a letter of praise from the object lesson to the labor and pro- President at the time of ~he form­ gressive forces of California. They er's resignation from the National revealed the serious weaknesses of War Labor Board to run for mayor. the win-the-war camp, but also Although the elections were non­ showed its potential strength, which partisan, the Republican Party saw can change the relation of forces in the possibility of using them as a 1944, if the labor movement and springboard for the Presidential the Democratic Party draw the campaign next year. Faced with the proper conclusions in time. certainty that the discredited Rossi The election of Lapham was made Administration would meet defeat possible only because of the con- in the election, the anti-Roosevelt tinued divisions in the ranks of la- forces abandoned Mayor Rossi for bor and the factional splits in the a more effective candidate who was Democratic Party, which handed the not so vulnerable, and the four rna­ election to Lapham almost by de- jor newspapers which had alway!! fault. The election turned into supported the Mayor now united be­ a landslide against the reactionary hind Lapham and built him up by Republican Rossi, which could have demagogically exploiting the wide­ resulted in a progressive victory, spread anti-Rossi sentiment in the had the pro-Roosevelt forces been city. united, and had they fought the In this they were aided by the election campaign on war issues and confusion in the labor movement identified themselves with the Presi- and especially in the Democratic dent's war policies. Party. The three most prominent The reactionary camp succeeded Democratic leaders each backed a in its strategy of putting up a can- different mayoralty candidate, and didate with a liberal front who most of the Democratic organization avoided all discussion of war issues was thrown behind Lapham by its and posed as a "non-partisan," re- County Chairman. Although all 1133 1134 THE SAN FRANCISCO ELECTIONS these Democratic leaders are pro­ appreciable effect on the outcome. Roosevelt, the split among them Labor unity was "too little and too strengthened the anti-Roosevelt late." forces for the Republican Party's Furthermore,labor tended to con­ campaign in 1944. duct its campaign in a narrow way, The factional fight which para­ concentrating mainly on Lapham's lyzed the Democratic Party was car­ anti-labor record, and insufficiently ried over into the A. F. of L., which on his connection with defeatist Re­ did not make an endorsement for publicans in the anti-Roosevelt camp mayor until four weeks before the and on his failure to develop a mu­ election. One faction of the A. F. nicipal war platform. Little or no of L., led by State Senator Shelley, effort was made to appeal to the President of the Central Labor middle-class voters and to the Council, supported Chester Mac­ Roosevelt Democrats, among whom Phee, who also had the support of Lapham was successful in making the C.I.O. Another faction, control­ considerable inroads. ling the Building Trades Council, As a result, the pro-Lapham news­ backed George Reilly, state vice­ papers tried to make it appear that chairman of the Democratic Party. the labor movement was campaign­ Reilly finally won the official en­ ing to elect a "labor mayor" and dorsement of the A. F. of L. Union inciting a struggle between labor Labor Party convention. .and capital; they contrasted this to Faced with the prospect of a split Lapham's pretensions to being a in labor's vote between two candi­ unifying force, above partisan .or dates, the C.I.O., in the interest of class divisions, for the community. labor unity against Lapham, with­ This was not effectively answered drew its support of MacPhee and by the labor movement, · and the joined the A. F. of L. in endorsing middle-class districts voted heavily Reilly. As a result, three weeks be­ for Lapham, while Reilly carried fore the' election a United Labor only the three districts that were Committee for Reilly was formed, overwhelmingly working-class in representing the A. F. of L;, C.I.O., composition. and Railway Brotherhoods, which Nevertheless, despite these handi­ conducted a joint campaign against caps and mistakes, Lapham could Lapham. have been defeated if the labor But this unity of labor came so movement had been successful in late in the campaign that it had very getting out the labor vote. The regis..: little time to penetrate down below tration of eligible voters in 1943 among the rank and file of the trade was 83,000 less than in 1942. In the union membership. Although the 1939 mayol'alty election, 293,000 C.I.O. and the United Labor Com­ voted, compared to only 220,000 on mittee conducted the campaign on Nov. 2, 1943; and this decrease came the basis of war issues and influ­ despite the fact that the San Fran­ enced Reilly to do likewise, it was cisco population is estimated to have too late in the campaign to have an increased 20 per cent since 1940 be- THE SAN FRANCISCO ELECTIONS 1135 cause of the influx of workers to state, but unless the Roosevelt Dem­ war industries. Large numbers of ocratic leaders want to commit po­ shipyard workers were not regis­ litical suicide, they must take alarm tered, and of those who were a con­ from the recent election results, and siderable number failed to go to the come to realize that petty factional polls. feuds must be submerged if the Lapham failed to get a majority Democratic Party is to be revived of the votes, polling 90,000 out of as a powerful force in support of the 220,000, or 42 per cent; Reilly polled President and the war effort. 57,000; Rossi 47,000; MacPhee 20,- The C.I.O. played the most effec­ 000. Reilly and MacPhee together tive role in the election campaign .in polled 77,000 votes. Had there been bringing forward the war issues, in greater labor unity achieved earlier working for unity of all pro-Roose­ in the campaign, and had labor been velt forces, and in precinct organiza­ able to turn out a greater propor­ tion for getting out the labor vote. tion of its potential vote at the polls, For the first time, large sections of the results would have been differ­ the city were covered by a system of ent. Furthermore, a united labor precinct captains who had a com­ movement with a clear-cut win-the­ plete list of C.I.O. trade unionists in war platform could have attracted their respective precincts, and who to itself large sections of Roosevelt reached them by personal contact. Democrats and middle-class voters, Unfortunately, this system was not who were alienated by the confusion set up soon enough to get a larger and division in the Democratic registration, while a c h e c k - up Party and in the ranks of labor. showed large numbers of trade un­ ionists in each precinct ineligible to * * * vote .. Nevertheless, the precinct cap­ The election results have been a taincy system enabled the C.I.O. to jolt to the labor movement, whose get a large proportion of its eligible leaders are beginning to realize that membership to vote. The bulk of continued disunity will have dis­ the trade unionists in San Francisco, astrous consequences in 1944. There however, are affiliated with the A. F. are good prospects that the A. F. of L., which made no effort to reach of L. will begin to develop a politi­ its membership beyond the usual cal action program as the C.I.O. has forms of publicity and mailing-lists; done, and that joint A. F. of L.­ this proved to be inadequate to get C.I.O. action will continue ori local out the A. F. of L. vote. . and national issues. Labor has not The C.I.O. has also taken the ini­ yet been able to influence the Dem­ tiative to bring together Democratic ocratic Party leadership sufficiently Party and labor leaders to discuss to bring about any serious improve­ the preparations for the 1944 elec­ ment in the party's approach to the tions. Such a conference took place 1944 elections. It will be a difficult in Los Angeles during Sidney Hill­ task to bring unity in the Democratic man's visit to California, in the Party in its present demoralized course of which he addressed a 1136 . THE SAN FRANCISCO ELECTIONS group of A. F. of L. and C.I.O. problems, with housing, transporta­ officials and Democratic Party lead­ tion, and child-care. It proposed a ers on the need to organize support program which would halt discrimi­ for the President now and to pre­ nation against the Negro people and pare for 1944. Similar conferences make possible their fullest contribu­ are now being called in various Con­ tion to the war effort. The platform gressional districts throughout the made proposals to improve civilian state, for the pufpose of reaching defense, to deal with juvenile de­ agreement on supporting a single linquency and with soldiers' and candidate by all pro-Roosevelt forces sailors' welfare. The popularization against reactionary Republicans or of this platform during the campaign Democrats. This kind. of unity had will strengthen the fight for these a potent intluence on the election measures, and undoubtedly will of a Roosevelt Democrat, Clair force the new city administration Engle, to Congress from a Republi­ to yield to mass pressure and adopt can district in a special election held certain of them. in September. If the same unity can The party analyzed the danger be extended on a state-wide scale, of Lapham's candidacy, and con­ the Democratic Party, in alliance ducted a campaign for the unity of with the labor movement, can make all labor and win-the-war forces a comeback in the 1944 elections and behind a single candidate to defeat elect progressive majorities to the both Lapham and Rossi. This cam­ State Legislature and to Congress, paign had considerable influence in and keep California in the Roosevelt clarifying issues, and in effecting column. the unity of the A. F. of L. and the C.I.O. in the elections. * * * The party's candidate for the Board of Supervisors, Oleta O'Con­ The Communist Party's role in nor Yates, San Francisco County the municipal elections gained wide secretary of the party, conducted the recognition in labor and political most effective campaign in its his­ circles as a constructive, unifying tory, gaining entrance and a friendly win-the-war force. It was the only reception to an unprecedented num­ organization, besides the C.I.O., ber of labor, political and civic or­ which formulated a comprehensive ganizations. Comrade Yates and municipal war program and related other members of her campaign it to national issues and the war committee spoke before 114 organi­ situation as a whole. Its platform zations, including 59 trade unions won favorable comment from many (39 A. F. of L., 19 C.I.O., and 1 in­ labor, political, and civic organi­ dependent); 24 civic clubs; 6 Negro zations, and a number of candidates organizations; 8 foreign-language were influenced by sections of it groups; and a number of others for their own campaigns. which included Democratic women's The platform dealt concretely clubs, the Building Trades Council, with measures to solve manpower the policemen's organization, and THE SAN FRANCISCO ELECTIONS 1137 neighborhood improvement clubs. neighbors in community activity. Her candidacy received 22 organiza­ The friendly and enthusiastic recep­ tion endorsements, including the tion which these organizations gave ·Longshoremen and Warehousemen's to the party's candidate, in prob­ locals, and her list of sponsors in­ ably the first time they had seen or cluded 22 trade-union officials, 242 heard a Communist, should convince trade unionists, and a few promi­ the party branches that a larger nent Democrats and Republicans. number of Communists should be­ Comrade Yates received 39,925 come active in these community or­ votes, running tenth in a list of sev­ ganizations, become known to their enteen candidates for six vacancies neighbors, and thus be in a better on the Board of Supervisors. This position to influence them in a pro­ was nearly 10,060 more than the gressive political direction for great­ previous high Communist vote, or a er support to the war effort. This is 33 per cent increase. It totaled 18 one of the most important of the per cent of the total vote, as com­ many lessons the party has learned pared to a previous fiigh vote of from the elections. 11 per cent. Comrade Yates re­ The party's main task in the com­ ceived a heavy vote in working­ ing period must be to hasten the class and Negro neighborhoods, but process of building a coalition of also an unusually good vote in win-the-war forces against the middle-class districts, especially Hoover-Warren defeatists, that are where precinct work had been car­ already opening their anti-Roose­ ried on. velt campaign in California with a The party's campaign did much to Warren-instructed Republican dele­ establish its full citizenship in the gation to run in the May Presiden­ community. But it revealed that the tial primaries. The key to this coali­ party branches are not yet rooted tion is labor unity, and the alliance in the community and neighbor­ of labor and the Democratic Party. hoods. During the campaign, the Labor must adopt a broad policy party campaign committee discov­ which will bring into the coalition ered scores of neighborhood organi­ the Negro people, the middle-class zations that meet all year round and professional groups, and the and that are alive to community is­ farmers, as essential sections of the sues, consU!Ders' problems, price camp of national unity. control, and war activities. These To accomplish this task, we must clubs are often of working-class have the perspective of a more composition, with trade-unionists rapid building of the party and ex­ active in their leadership. In the tension of its influence. The party's main, even the best party branches campaign and vote in San Francisco have no contact with these clubs lay a good basis for mass recruiting and often are not aware of their and for making the party a more existence. The party members are effective force for national unity, not yet orientated to joining these which will strengthen the nation's clubs and participating with their war effort for victory. LESSONS OF THE NEW JERSEY ELECTIONS

BY WILLIAM NORMAN

N NOVEMBER 2 Mayor Vincent Elizabeth Daily Journal, Paterson OJ. Murphy, Democratic candi­ Evening News, the Perth Amboy date, was defeated by Republican Evening News-all hail the defeat Governor-elect Walter E. Edge by a of Murphy with one single refrain plurality of nearly 128,000. The un­ -"a trend away from the New official poll of ·1,136,295 gives Mur­ Deal-Democratic combination" and phy 504,345 votes and Edge 631,- "a setback for the political ambi­ 950. The vote for Murphy is equal tions of organized labor." to 44 percent of the votes cast. The cause of labor and the peo­ In the November, 1942, Senatorial ple will not be served by minimiz­ election, William H. Smathers, Dem­ ing the seriousness of Murphy's de­ ocratic candidate, polled 559,851 feat. On the contrary, labor must out of 1,208,706 votes cast, losing by critically examine and ruthlessly a plurality of 89,004. Smathers' vote eradicate those weaknesses which was equal to 46 percent of the votes resulted in a Republican victory and cast. a temporary setback for the win­ On the basis of these comparative the-war coalition. It will, however, figures, the press of New Jersey, completely reject the conclusions about 95 percent of which cam­ concerning the election results paigned for Edge, has drawn two reached by the reactionaries and major conclusions, both of which the forces of partisan politics-as­ are intended to create moods of de- usual. spondency in the ranks of labor, These conclusions are not based particularly, which could only have on the real facts and have the fur­ the effect of undermining the mo- ther aim of undermining labor's rale of the people as a whole. The confidence in its own political first conclusion is that the people strength and its capacity to repudiated the President's win-the- strengthen its alliance with other war policies; the second, that labor sections of the resolute win-the­ is politically impotent to wield de- war coalition. It is no accident that cisive influence in effecting election the strategy of Edge and the Re­ changes. publican board of strategy was, The Newark Ev.ening News, the above all, a concentrated attack on Jersey Journal, Asbury Park Newa, labor. More than anything, it evi- . 1138 THE NEW JERSEY ELECTIONS 1139 denced the deathly fear of the de­ sufficient time to develop its organi­ veloping role of united labor politi­ zation more fully for the last elec­ cal action in this campaign and in tion, was still able to convert a the coming 1944 elections. This fear potential rout of the win-the-war is ill-concealed by the Jersey Jour­ forces into a real threat and chal­ nal, spokesman for Edge, when it lenge to reaction. says, "Mr. Murphy's drive to regi­ Similarly, there is no truth to the ment labor and deliver it in a bloc statement that the New Jersey elec­ in order to bring about his own tions show a "trend away from the election was not in harmony with New Deal-Democratic combination." the traditions of great labor leaders Such a statement is usually distort­ who warned against such unwise ed by the Republicans to mean that · tactics." the people of New Jersey are op­ These · words, lifted bodily from posed to the war policies of the a speech made by U. S. Senator President. The fact is that these pol­ Barbour during the campaign, may icies were never in the whole course be taken as the attitude of the high­ of the campaign made the real is­ est Republican council in New J er­ sues. In the last two weeks of the sey toward labor and labor unity. campaign Edge's speeches were If the Republicans were not so con­ wholly taken up with the fake is­ cerned and alarmed about labor's sue of Hagueism, with Red-baiting role, independently and as a uni­ and attacks on the trade unions. His fying force in the recent elections, other chief issue was so-called they would not so eagerly vouch­ "states' rights." Although from time safe this gratuitous advice. to time Edge raised the vague cry The fact is that the policy of la­ of "New Deal bungling," he never bor in this campaign was based on touched on specific issues such as the realization of the need for de­ subsidies, rollback of prices or wage feating the enemy of labor and the stabilization, which would have ex­ people, Walter Edge, and 'electing posed Republican responsibility for the win-the-war candidate, Vincent undermining the war effort. On the Murphy. Barbour's main objection, other hand, Murphy unfortunately therefore, is to labor's taking the also avoided raising the issue of the advanced step to independent politi­ war policies of the President. He as­ cal action and organization, and to sumed the people understood that labor unity. He is terrified at the he supported these policies. In all of prospect of labor delivering its vote the material issued by Murphy there "in a bloc." He would prefer to have is rare mention of the war effort or labor divided and disunited. of the role of the Republican dele­ Back of this demagogic advice gation in Congress to undermine it. from the camp of reaction and de­ Thus, the predominating issue, poli­ featism is the recognition on their cies for winning the war, was real­ part that labor, even though it was ly sidetracked to secondary issues. only in its initial stages of perfect­ ing unity, even though it had not * * • 1140 THE NEW JERSEY ELECTIONS A careful analysis of the election the ABC Federation (A. F. of L., results reveals conclusions far dif­ R. R. Brotherhoods, C.I.O.) to de­ ferent from those ground out by the velop united political action with Republican propaganda mill and the least strain, and to wage a com­ provides significant lessons for la­ paratively strong campaign with ef­ bor and the people. fective results. In Bayonne, where A major lesson to be drawn from political action was carried over this analysis is that in New Jersey's from last year's municipal cam­ industrial cities, where labor is paign, Murphy:s percentage of the strongly organized or where its in­ vote increased 2 percent, from 74 fluence is in any way felt, the peo­ to 76 percent. In Newark, it in­ ple were least confused on the real creased 4 percent, from "52 to 56; in issues and gave a plurality for Mur­ Camden, 5 percent, from 65 to 70. phy. This is to be seen in the voting A realistic appraisal of labor's in the ten largest cities: Jersey City, role in this election must take into Newark, Paterson, Camden, Tren­ account the fact that nowhere did ton, Bayonne, Elizabeth, Perth Am­ labor have enough time to set up boy, Passaic, and New Brunswick. the ABC Federation on a block, dis­ These cities, comprising a popula­ trict and ward basis. The worst mis­ tion of close to a million and a half, take labor can make is to exagger­ or about one-third of the state's ate the extent of its political or­ population, accounted for 351,397 ganization in this campaign. Con­ out of 1,136,295 votes cast. In these clusions reached on overstated ten cities Murphy received 64 per­ claims can lead only to pessimism. cent of the vote. While this consti­ It is no surprise to see the press de­ tutes a 2 percent decline from 1942, liberately exaggerate the degree of it still represents a substantial plu­ labor's political organization in this rality for those areas which labor campaign, for the aim of this press was able to reach with its pro­ from the start was to find a method Roosevelt, win-the-war policies. In subsequently of deflating or nulli­ only two of these cities, Paterson fying labor's role entirely. Labor, and Passaic, did the vote for Mur­ on its part, must recognize that it phy go below 50 percent. Despite made only a modest beginning on the fact that labor here is strongly the road to united, independent po­ organized in the auto, rubber, and litical action. It is a start which has textile industries, political organiza­ terrified the reactionaries and de­ tion is at a low ebb. An indication featists and which provides the pos­ of this is that no C.I.O. Industrial sibilities for routing them in 1944. Union Council functions in this In this respect, labor can whole­ area. heartedly endorse Murphy's post­ Labor's influence was felt most election statement when he declared strongly in the cities of Camden, that, "In the short space of time af­ Newark, and Bayonne. Here, be­ forded the Democratic Party work­ cause of its strong organization prior ers--to the members of the trade to the elections, labor was able in unions and to the thousands of other THE NEW JERSEY ELECTIONS 1141 supporters of a progressive policy, tions and the putting forward of a a magnificent task of organization Labor Party ticket were still being was accomplished. Let me say to considered. all of them that their work has not The overcoming of these odds been in vain ... the cause of dem­ within the short span of two months ocracy cannot fail if it retains the and the initiation of a win-the-war everlasting vigilance of its true ad­ coalition can be registered as an vocates." important positive outcome of the Inherent in this statement is an New Jersey election carppaign. It understanding of what labor and devolves now on labor to make cer­ the people had to cope with in or­ tain that it continues and develops der to lay the groundwork for a the ABC Federation, that it broad­ win-the-war coalition in New Jer­ ens and strengthens the win-the­ sey. Labor must never forget the war coalition and thus provides the situation existing in New Jersey as guarantee for victory of the people late as two and a half months prior in 1944. to the elections. It must recall it, if only to prevent in the future a re­ • • version to that condition. The situa­ "' tion was such that, had labor not The second lesson to be drawn quickly overcome, even partially, its from the elections is that unity disunited ranks and its confusion, must be fought for and strengthened Edge would have been victorious once it is achieved. This unity can practically by default and he would be maintained only on the basis of have had the several hundred thou­ agreement on the main issue. In the sand plurality which he asked as the present juncture of history; this price to doom Roosevelt's chance to main issue is the winning of the run for a fourth term. war and support of the President's At that time, the C.I.O. in New win-the-war policies. A coalition Jersey was plagued with Trotsky­ based on such unity and agreement ites and Lewis influence, making is most effective when its members many honest trade unionists waver refuse to be deflected from its course and vacillate. In this election cam­ by secondary or spurious issues. paign the Trotskyite-Lewis forces This is especially so when the re­ feared to expose themselves openly. maining hope of the enemy is to That did not prevent them, how­ cause a split in the coalition by ever, from sabotaging the campaign means of bogus propaganda. quietly. In the course of the elections, la­ At that time, too, confusion bor leaders and those responsible reigned in the ranks of labor in re­ for leading Murphy's campaign rec­ gard to the main issues of the elec­ ognized this in words, but not in tion-the war and support of the deeds. They had agreed that the President's war policies. A. F. of win-the-war coalition in New Jer­ L.-C.I.O.-R. R. Brotherhood unity sey, based on unity on the main is­ seemed remote. Boycott of the elec- sue, must include the Hague wing 1142 THE NEW JERSEY ELECTIONS of the Democratic Party. Privately, Republican Party that has in New they worked for a tremendous plu­ Jersey the best greased machine. rality in Hudson County and count­ Labor should have made it clear ed on Hague's Democratic Party also that, though Hague opposed re­ machine to pull out the victory. vision of the Constitution, it was They were willing, so to speak, to the Republican majority, not Hague, be blessed with Hague's votes, but which for several years blocked this never to take the offensive on this revision. Labor should have made question against the real enemy who much clearer the pro-war records was raising the bogus issue of of Mary Norton, Wene, Hart, all Hagueism in order to sidetrack the Hague supporters, and contrasted voters from the main issue. these with the infamous record of That the fake issue of Hagueism the Republican delegation, support­ played a decided role in this election ers of Edge, to prove that Hagueism cannot be doubted for a moment. was raised by Edge to conceal his The paean of victory sung by the reactionary and defeatist aims. Newark Evening News on Novem­ Labor certainly cannot wish for ber 3 that "Bossism and political the support of the Hague forces on fakery were handsomely and effec­ the one hand, while on the other tively rebuked by the people of hand fearing to explain their win-the­ New Jersey yesterday," was but a war stand. This position was and is small echo of the hue and cry raised a principled one, so long as it rests by Edge and by the press in the on agreement on the main issue of state during and following the cam­ support of the war and the Presi­ paign. This is what gives the lie to dent's war policies. It is as prin­ any attempt to picture the election cipled as labor's voluntary no-strike issues as having been waged on the pledge and opposition to all strike President's war policies. measures, no matter what the prov­ In this situation, it was not enough ocation. It stems from the !!,arne for labor to keep silent and permit premise-unconditional support of the most reactionary forces in the the people's war. Such a stand does state to become the "champions" of not mean that labor in any way honest, unbossed politics. The re­ condones Hague's past labor record, sults have shown the incorrectness which is well known. Nor does it of that attitude. Ensconced in the commit labor to acceptance of poli­ driver's seat more firmly than ever cies opposed to the welfare of the today and ruling the destinies of people. our state in Trenton are Boss In 1944, reaction will again trot Marsh, Vanderbilt, and their satel­ out these fake issues.' If one of these lites together with the most sinister issues should lose its power to con­ boss of them all, Walter E. Edge, fuse, it will invent a new one. La­ the man who hates Roosevelt more bor can ill afford to be on the de­ than he hates Hitler. If it were a fensive in regard to such issues. question of machine politics, it is While waging a resolute campaign not the Democratic Party but the on th7 major issues, it must know THE NEW JERSEY ELECTIONS 1143 how to combat the fake issues raised ed hand in helping to unify the by the enemy. Democratic Party. Secondly, in connection with * * * building the win-the-war coalition, labor became victim to the propa­ The third lesson provided by the ganda that Murphy was exclusively election is that a win-the-war coali­ a "labor candidate." It did not suf­ tion is not something that can exist ficiently combat this in its own ap­ on paper. It must be organized. Such peal to the voters, nor did it strong­ a coalition based on action was pos­ ly combat the tendency on the part sible but never fully materialized. of the Democratic Party to place Unity within the Democratic Party, sole responsibility for the campaign established only formally, was al­ at labor's door. A major weakness lowed to deteriorate. Main responsi­ in this connection was the neglect bility for this rests on the shoulders and failure to organize citizens' of Governor Edison. Throughout the committees from the various sec­ campaign he directed his main fire tions of the population in support of on Hague, a strange way of giving Murphy. With the exception of a support to Murphy! This did incal­ strong committee representative of culable harm among the farmers the Negro people and a minor inde­ and middle classes, to whom he was pendent Republican committee, no counted upon to make the strongest other committees, such as church­ appeal. Whether he realized it or men, women, national groups, or not, Edison objectively was the tool professionals, were organized. This of Edge and the Republicans election showed that labor and the throughout . the campaign. It is no win-the-war coalition cannot hotte accident that the same press which to win without rallying strong sup­ is hailing Edge's victory is hailing port of the middle class and the Edison on parallel terms. suburban elements. With all of Edison's talk of· re­ A third weakness in the campaign building the Democratic Party, he which prevented broadening of the has not lifted a finger to build it in pro-war coalition was the failure to areas where leaders are presumably approach the farmers. With Elmer supporting him. Wene, influential among farmers in Edison's lukewarm endorsement South Jersey, as Murphy's cam­ of Murphy was more than offset by paign manager, 'the situation was his subsequent knifing of Murphy ideal for organizing farm support through the Hague issue. It is yet to for Murphy. Wene's hesitation on be determined whether his meeting this score proved to be disastrous. with Farley at the height of the Labor, on its part, failed to make a campaign was just a chance social direct approach to the farmers, be­ meeting as he claimed. cause it was fearful of alarming Labor's hesitation to deal sharply them. There w~s a failure all around with Edison and his maneuvers pre­ to recognize that never was the op­ vented it from taking a more decid- portunity more ripe to convince the 1144 THE NEW JERSEY ELECTIONS farmers of an identity of interests the President as in championing between them and labor. Edge's candidacy. The result of all this is that the • • • responsibility for undermining the war effort was not, placed squarely The fourth lesson provided by the on the shoulders of Edge and his election results is that the main is­ associates, who took full advantage sues of the war cannot be side­ of the dissatisfaction caused by tracked without resulting in defeat. these very reactionaries and defeat­ The issues raised by Edge were: ists. A decided change in the elec­ States' Rights, Post-War Employ­ tion results could have been effect­ ment Through Private Enterprise, ed if Murphy had been more reso­ "Communist- Labor - Hague Alli­ lute in projecting the full win-the­ ance," New Deal "Bungling," and war program of labor which serves Opposition to Fourth Term. Most of the best interests of the entire na­ these issues had as their motive an tion. attack on national and United Na­ True, labor, by written and spok­ tions' unity. This was evidenced de­ en word, tried to correct Murphy's scriptively by newspaper advertise­ hesitations in this regard. It came ments throughout the state inserted forward as the staunch supporter of by the Republican State Committee Roosevelt and his war policies; but attacking Murphy as a "Communist­ since labor did not reach out in the Labor-Hague candidate." main beyond its own organizations, How did the anti-Hitler camp it could neither produce the maxi­ meet this attack? Murphy, while as­ mum effect, nor counterbalance the sailing Edge's past isolationist rec­ waverings of Murphy's campaign ord, did not link it with his reac­ managers. tionary record of today, nor did he The anti-Hitler camp did not ef­ show that Edge's attack on national fectively combat Edge's reactionary and United Nations' unity was a theory of States' Rights, with its continuation of the path to appease­ demagogic appeal to the middle ment. Because he refused to iden­ class. It failed to show that the mid­ tify himself more openly with Pres­ dle class has nothing to gain ma­ ident Roosevelt's war policies, Mur­ terially from such a policy, that this phy hesitated to attack the anti-war would shatter any possibility of a record of the Republican delegation centralized war policy today and, in Congress, with which Edge is as­ moreover, that it is in direct con­ sociated. An indication of this hesi­ flict with Edge's promises of peace­ tation to identify Murphy's cam­ time conversion with least economic paign with the Roosevelt war poli­ dislocation. cies was the refusal to allow a high Furthermore, the pro-war coali­ Administration spokesman to come tion did not sufficiently answer the in to refute Willkie's endorsement Red-baiting of Edge, feeling that it of Edge. It was clear that Willkie would have no effect on the elector­ was as much interested in attacking ate. This is underrating the ability THE NEW JERSEY ELECTIONS 1145 of reaction to confuse the people. strated to Edge that he must deal The only guarantee against this di­ with a potent force that will chal­ visive Hitler technique is a firm, lenge and defeat any reactionary resolute stand, in defense of the measures he may expect to under­ democratic rights of all the people. take. Labor, if it critically examines the experiences of this campaign, if it * * * is able to overcome the major Among tHe positive features of weaknesses, can look forward with the campaign is the fact that unity real confidence to 1944 and victory. of the people in New Jersey is to­ day cemented far beyond the pre­ * * • election period. The Communist Party, in the In addition, an embryo of the election struggle of the anti-Hitler ABC labor organization, instrument coalition, did all in its power to help for independent labor action, is to­ clarify the real issues in the cam­ day a potentially powerful force. paign.· The efforts of the Communist Three new labor-Democratic Par­ Party were devoted to overcoming ty candidates have been elected to the ideological and organizational the Assembly, two in Camden and weaknesses existing in the anti­ one in Hudson. Also newly elected Hitler camp and to mobilize labor are two labor-Democratic Party and the people for the defeat of freeholders, shipyard workers, in Edge. The party distributed· hun­ Camden. Camden is the key exam­ dreds of thousands of leaflets and ple of the state, demonstrating the literature. It arranged a series of possibility of welding the anti-Hitler ten broadcasts. In addition, it coalition, for building the alliance bought newspaper space to bring its of labor and the Democratic Party, program of unity for victory to the for strengthening the ABC Federa­ people. tion on the basis of real united ac­ The Communist Party, independ­ tion between the three arms of la­ ently, and through its membership bor. The splendid work of the A. F. in the trade unions, exposed the of L. in the Camden elections has strategy of reaction to divide the been correctly hailed as a tremen­ win-the-war coalition by means of dous boost for labor unity every­ fake issues, such as Hagueism. It where. Though an analysis cannot consistently made clear that Mur­ be undertaken here, it shouid be phy, stemming from the ranks of noted that the Negro, Italian and labor, represented the best interests Polish vote was favorable to the of the people as a whole. It con­ Democratic Party, while the Jewish tributed forces to the building of vote, though in the majority for the ABC Federation and stressed Murphy, showed a comparative de­ the significance of continuing the cline from 1942. independent political action of labor The election results have demon- in the period ahead. Throughout the

the the role role and and influence influence of of the the Com- of of the the people people in in the the 1944 1944 elections. elections.

to-day to-day political political life life and and activities, activities, in in its its power power to to help help assure assure victory victory

fices. fices. Nevertheless, Nevertheless, in in actual actual day­ win-the-war win-the-war cmilition, cmilition, is is doing doing all all

mainly mainly ran ran for for State State Assembly Assembly of­ unison unison with with all all the the forces forces in in the the

for for the the Communist Communist The The Communist Communist candidates, candidates, Party, Party, who who working working in in

a a small small vote, vote, not not in in excess excess of of 3,500, 3,500, coalition. coalition.

This This is is a a weakness weakness that that resulted resulted in in win-the-war win-the-war force force in in the the anti-Hitler anti-Hitler

stress stress the the role role of of its its own own candidates. candidates. Communist Communist Party Party from from a a single single

effort, effort, it it erroneously erroneously hesitated hesitated to to single single Red-baiting Red-baiting attack attack on on the the

program program of of unity unity behind behind the the war war . . anti-Hitler anti-Hitler camp, camp, there there was was not not a a

people. people. tried tried While While to to advancing advancing provoke provoke Murphy Murphy its its own own and and the the

dates dates more more resolutely resolutely before before the the the the Republican-led Republican-led reactionaries reactionaries

need need of of advancing advancing more more clear clear its its by by own own the the candi­ fact fact that, that, though though

did did not not the-war the-war sufficiently sufficiently coalition. coalition. recognize recognize This This the the is is made made

However, However, the the Communist Communist Party Party an an acknowledged acknowledged force force in in the the win­

win-the-war win-the-war ever ever coalition. coalition. before. before. has has been been accepted accepted as as It It

broadening broadening day day and and more more strengthening strengthening widely widely recognized recognized the the than than

campaign, campaign, munist munist it it stressed stressed Party Party the the in in New New need need Jersey Jersey of of are are to­

THE THE NEW NEW JERSEY JERSEY ELECTIONS ELECTIONS 1146 1146 THE C.I.O. NATIONAL CONVENTION

BY WILLIAM Z. FOSTER

HE sixth national convention of were holding their fateful confer­ T the Congress of Industrial Or­ ence, upon the success of which de­ ganizations, held in Philadelphia pended victory in the war and the beginning November 1 and speak­ hopes for a democratic peace. On ing in the name of its 5,285,000 af­ the American home front, however, filiated members, was a win-the­ the situation was critical. In Con­ war convention in the most literal gress the defeatists and profiteers, sense of the word. The 600 dele- insolent after many months of suc­ #' gates, capably led by Philip Mur­ cessful opposition to the Adminis­ ray, by their decisions greatly tration's domestic policies, were strengthened our national war effort busily carrying on their fight against and gave a correct lead to the labor all measures of economic stabiliza- movement as a whole. The C.I.O. tion and were chattering away end­ convention spoke, not alone in the lessly about the toothless Connally interest of its own members and of resolution on foreign policy. In the the great mass of the A. F. of L., industries the workers were dis­ but of the whole nation. Its deci­ playing widespread discontent at sions were on a far higher plane the rising costs of living, and the than those of the A. F. of L. con­ whole body of coal miners were on vention held a few weeks before strike. in Boston. The C.I.O. convention met in a The C.I.O. and the War critical moment of the war. In the The C.I.O. convention, faced by sphere of military action the offen- this complicated and difficult situa­ &ive of the United Nations was tion, whipped out a clear and sharp growing-the great advance of the line of all-out support of the war. Red }\rmy was tearing the vitals. out Every problem was considered and of the Nazi army, the big air offen- every policy worked out upon the sive was shattering Hitler's home basis of whether and how much it cities, the anti-submarine campaign would contribute toward a United was succeeding, the attack in Italy Nations victory. In Philadelphia, as was progressing, and the pressure was not the case in Boston, there against Japan increasing. Mean- was no mere formal endorsement while, in Moscow, the three Foreign of some war policies and opposition Secretaries, Hull, Eden and Molotov, to many others of vital character, 1147 1148 THE C.I.O. CONVENTION but a whole-hearted expression of of the C.I.O. convention's win-the­ the workers' patriotic will. In this war spirit was its ringing re-en­ respect the convention displayed a dorsement of labor's no-strike high degree of unity. pledge and its sharply implied con­ It was in the spirit of the war of­ demnation of John L. Lewis. The fensive that the convention carried convention stated clearly and defi­ on its work. It gave ringing support nitely: to the closest cooperation among the anti-Hitler allies, stating that "The C.I.O. hereby reaffirms its solemn pledge without any qualifi­ "'coalition warfare of the United cations or conditions that for the Nations is the key to our victory," duration of the war there must not and that "the issue before the Unit­ be any strike or stoppage of work. ed Nations is the decisive, full-scale Each member and each leader of or­ invasion of Europe." In the very ganized labor must make it his re­ midst of its sessions, public an­ sponsibility to discharge with scrup­ nouncement was made of the con­ ulous care this sacred obligation. tent of the pacts signed at the Mos­ Any leader of organized labor who cow Conference. This great world deliberately flouts this obligation event, which indicated, among other and any employer who seeks tHarry Bridges; short on the question. It must have ( o) repeal of the Smith-Connally definite plans of its own and stand Act; etc. united to secure favorable consider­ The convention unanimously elect­ ation for them, once the enemy ed, with demonstrations of approval, throws up his hands in surrender. Philip Murray and the previous In the developing political move­ body of officers, with the addition, ment of the workers the questions already noted, of Ferdinand Smith of our post•war economy, especially to the Executive Board. The con­ the matter of jobs, must be given vention, having accomplished its increasing attention. purpose of more thoroughly uniting its forces to win the war and the In Conclusion peace, closed amid scenes of en­ thusiasm. Besides the matters enumerated The sixth convention of the C.I.O. above, this fine convention of the marks a new high stage in the C.I.O. dealt with many other issues growth of the American labor of major importance, which can on­ movement. The A. F. of L. at its ly be listed here. Among these were, Boston convention gave general (a) endorsement of the Wagner­ support to the war, but its political Murray-Dingell Bill, providing for level was far below that of the repeal of the Frey Amendment to C.I.O. convention. The latter was an more adequate social security; (b) authentic expression of the progres­ the Appropriations Act to the N a­ sive, win-the-war determination tional War Labor Board; (c) a pro­ now animating the American work­ gram of national food production; ing class. And its splendid spirit is (d) independence for India; (e) not confined to the C.I.O. alone. adequate labor representation in the Much of this same progressive trend war administrative agencies; (f) ap­ is also being shown by various city pointment of labor attaches to the and state federations and interna­ staffs of American Ambassadors; tional unions of the A. F. of L., (g) repeal of state anti-labor legis­ which· are increasingly coming into lation; (h) strengthened relations conflict with the conservative and with the workers of Latin America; often reactionary policies of the A. (i) improved care of working wom­ F. of L.'s Executive Council. The en's children; (j) strengthening of C.I.O. convention will give a stimu­ the women's auxiliaries to C.I.O. lus to progressivism throughout the unions; (k) a centralized war econ­ labor movement. Especially will it omy, without "any national service spur the movement toward national legislation"; (1) extension of the labor unity, which is so essential for right of suffrage to all American the victory of the win-the-war citizens over 18 years of age; (m) forces in the crucial 1944 elections. THE A. F. OF L. CONVENTION

BY J. K. MORTON

HE sixty-third Annual Conven- tices of labor are tested in the fire T tion of the A. F. of L., held in of practical application; how im­ Boston on October 4-14, coincided possible it is to adhere to a stand­ with events of utmost importance pat approach, and to outworn poli­ both at home and abroad. It preced- cies; to avoid bold, progressive ed by a few weeks the historic Tri- thinking; to cling to old tempos; Power Conference in Moscow and and to attempt to place a brake up­ the important November elections. on the course of history. The ominous threat of another coal The Moscow conference, which strike was again hanging over the $battered the conspiratorial hopes nation. The situation demanded of the Axis reactionary camp foresight, statesmanship, leader- everywhere, and marks a new stage ship. in the development of the war and The convention faced heavy re- the United Nations coalition; could sponsibilities and great opportuni- not but exert a profound effect upon ties. It had to estimate its policies the world of labor. The action of and decisions in 'accordance with the British Trade Union Congress, the rapid developments of the war, paralleled by the position of the re­ to exert its great influence to help cent C.I.O. convention, in calling a . bring victory at the earliest pos- world congress of trade unions sible moment, to strengthen nation- more than upsets the Citrine-Nagler al unity and the United Nations co- machinations against the Soviet alition, to provide clear answers to trade unions and international trade labor's urgent problems on the home union unity. front, and to guarantee labor's in- It confronts the A. F. of L. with a creasing role in the war and in the new situation which demands' ur­ making of the peace to follow. gent re-examination of the. conven- The Moscow Conference, the No- tion's decisions on the question of vember elections and the recent coal international trade union unity. The strike already provide the basis for A. F. of L. and its leadership must estimating the A. F. of L. conven- now decide whether they shall be­ tion on the scale of living reality. come a partner-important and in­ These events demonstrate how rap- fluential-in a world ·coalition of idly today the policies snd prac- labor, or whether they shall become 1156 THE A. F. OF L. CONVENTION 1157 isolated from the labor movement demonstrated in the endorsement of the world, including their own of Republican Hanley by the New affiliates in Canada. This issue is York State Executive of the A. F. inevitably bound up with deep-go­ of ,L. The two conflicting trends ing repercussions among the mem­ are moving toward inevitable con­ bership of the A. F. of L., including flict. They will be brought into local unions, city and state bodies, direct collision over the major ques­ and even some international unions. tion-the position of the A. F. of Conceivably, also, the more respon­ L. toward the win-the-war leader­ sible members of the A. F. of L. ship and policies of President Executive Council of the Green­ Roosevelt in t'1.e 1944 elections. This Tobin-Brown type may find it nec­ question cannot be evaded. It will essary to differentiate themselves be fought out in every local, city, more sharply from the reactionary­ and state body, and in the national Republican . gang of Woll-Hutche­ leadership of the A. F. of L. son-Ryan. All the more so since the Nor is it possible for labor to position of the reactionary Taft­ pass over vital issues in silence Wheeler . forces on the Connally without paying the corresponding Senate Resolution spotlights more price politically. The issue of John clearly the political objectives of the L. Lewis and the disruption of coal Hutcheson-Lewis combination in production on the very eve of the the A. F. of L. elections affected the results ad­ The November elections likewise versely for labor as a whole. While present new lessons and problems displaying greater political matur­ to the membership and leadership ity, activity and organization in the of the A. F. of L. last elections, it is equally obvious While manifesting great concern· that labor has not yet sufficiently over reactionary legislative trends won in the eyes of the population in Congress and various state leg­ the position of champion of the best islature$, as exemplified in the re­ interests of the nation as a whole, port of Judge Padway, the conven­ as well as its own interests. It is tion failed to draw the practical necessary for labor to win such a conclusions with regard to lhe ur­ position. All narrow craft or union gent need of joint labor action. Nor considerations that conflict ;with the did it take any action toward a . broader interests must be discarded clear, unified policy for the Novem­ as incompatible with the further se­ ber elections. As a consequence, curity and progress of ·the labor two trends were apparent: on the movement itself. one hand, the growing movement In this respect, too, the action of below for joint political action with the convention on the John· L. the C.I.O., and the Railroad Lewis application for affiliation and Brotherhoods, as seen in New Jer­ the silence of the A. F. of L. lead­ sey, Ohio and other localities; on ership during the last ~oal strike the other, emboldened operations did not help to disassociate the la­ by reactionary Republican elements bor movement, particularly the A. 1158 THE A. F. OF L. CONVENTION F. of L., from the actions of Lewis, vention. Because of the very limited which the nation as a whole and the strength of the progressive win-the­ armed forces regard as treasonous. war forces on the one hand, and the With regard to the problem of vacillating, inconsistent and at united labor political action and the times reactionary position of such question of John L. Lewis, there­ win-the-war leaders as Green and fore, the A. F. of L. is confronted Tobin, on the other, it was possible with a revaluation of its convention for the defeatists to make a bold bid decisions. for leadership, to score important There is reason to believe that advances, and even to throw the . such revaluation will meet with convention backward on vital issues . considerable response in the ranks But the defeatist forces were un­ 0f the A. F. of L. able to derail the convention from The membership of the A. F. of its win-the-war position and to foist L., which has reached the record upon it their complete defeatist figure of 6,0'00,000, is overwhelm­ program. They were unable to do ingly behind the war effort and the this because of the overwhelming Commander-in-Chief. In all phases win-the-war position of the mem­ of the war effort, as well as direct­ bership, the irresistible trend of .the ly in the line of production, this nation as a whole, and the pressure membership has established a high of outside forces, developments, and standard. No small measure of the events. These considerations are of A. F. of L. membership's contribu­ utmost importance in estimating fu­ tion to the war effort is to be found ture perspectives inside the A. F. in the casualty list on the produc­ of L. They also go to explain the tion front. According to President specific devious and dishonest tac­ Green, 80,000 members have been tics employed by the defeatist forces killed and 7,000,000 injured 'on and at the convention. off the job, "serving as soldiers of production." The no-strike pledge, Defeatist Tactics · according to President Roosevelt, The defeatist clique could not and has been kept 99.9 per cent in the did not dare to come out in the open United States of America. with their real program. Open pre­ Consequently, the action of the sentation of their objectives would convention in pledging increased have led them to sharp attack upon support for the war effort and the the Commander-in-Chief, support Commander-in-Chief and reaffirm­ for the reactionary negotiated-peace ing its no-strike pledge cannot be elements of the Republican Party, regarded as a mere formality. repudiation ·of the no-strike pledge, These facts must not obscure or etc. This they did not dare do. They minimize the harmful and highly were compelled to use the tactics of dangerous role which the reaction­ flank attack. As the ground for their ary- Republican Woll- Hutcheson­ main battles they chose two ques­ Ryan and the Social-Democratic tions: Dubinsky forces played at the con- 1. The application of John L. THE A. F. OF L. CONVENTION 1159 Lewis for reaffiliation to the A. F. of who pushed the convention in the L. direction of unprincipled alliance 2. International trade union unity. with Lewis for unrestrained war­ fare against the. C.I.O. The Issue of John L. Lewis The actual "unity" envisaged by Confronted with the possibility of the defeatist forces was expressed another coal strike at the end of by delegate Martel of Detroit (a city October, and the indefensible war whose population he contemptuously record of John L. Lewis, his pro­ described as being "made up of the ponents attempted to conceal the bottom of the barrel from the four basic questions involved. They re­ corners of the earth.") sorted, instead, to false arguments Martel drew a glowing picture of and slogans. The Woll-Hutcheson­ imminent disintegration within the Ryan elements suddenly displayed C.I.O. (Disappointingly for him, un­ an all-consuming passion for labor confirmed either by the Automobile unity. Bring back the 600,000 min­ Workers Convention or the Phila­ ers, they argued. Lewis is but a per­ delphia Convention of the C.I.O.) sonality. Why permit personalities As for the special role of Lewis, he to obstruct the cause of labor unity? stated: (How different things would have been in the labor movement today " ... the leader of the United Mine Workers of America has a score to if these people had displayed the settle with 'some of the world sav­ same concern for unity in 1936, ers that he made in the C.I.O., and when they expelled one-third of the there is nothing that would be more A. F. of L. membership for the to our advantage than to take John. "crime" of advocating industrial un­ and his miners back into the Ameri­ ionism and the organization of the can Federation of Labor and give unorganized!) him the task of driving these boys The demagogy of this argument, back into their holes. I am sure he however, was clearly exposed in the knows how to do it." (My emphasis --.T.K.) attitude of the convention toward the C.I.O. The logic of the conven­ This brazenly reactionary pro­ tion's position on the question of the gram for the destruction of the war called for unity with the C.I.O. C.I.O. and for war against every­ and its win-the-war policies. The thing progressive in the labor move­ same logic demanded the rejection ment crudely submerged the pious of Lewis and his policies as incom­ pleadings of William Green, who patible with the basic declarations of explained Lewis' request for re­ the convention. Yet in relation to affiliation by saying: unity or cooperation with the C.I.O., the A. F. of L. leadership employed "Well, it is my opinion that the years have mellowed his judgment. the most pessimistic terms. Obvi­ He has admitted he is wrong. The ously the false ·slogan of "unity" fact that he is coming home must concealed other objectives, the true be interpreted as an admission that objectives of the Hutcheson forces, a mistake was made." 1160 THE A. F. OF L. CONVENTION Notwithstanding all efforts to con­ in the unmistakable reluctance of ceal the defeatist, anti-Administra­ the Executive Council to readmit tion, pro-strike and insurrectionary Lewis in the face of the embarrass­ character of the Hutcheson-Lewis­ ing prospects of a coal strike. While Republican conspiracy, these basic the silence of the Council during the issues 'were voiced in the conven­ strike is inexcusable, the issues re­ tion. vived by the strike make it still Delegates Lazzari of the Pitts­ more difficult for the Council to t~~Jt:e burgh Central Labor Union and favorable action on Lewis without Fletcher of the Building Service subjecting to doubt every positive, Employees forcefully and ably patriotic decision taken by the con­ voiced these issues. vention. Lazzari made clear his point, that The labor movement and the pro­ "Behind this smokescreen we can gressive forces within the U.M.W.A. see the Lewis-Smith-Connally Axis have the urgent duty to enlighten ... the 'Hate-Roosevelt' gang of the miners on the dangerous and America Firsters." ruinous course of the Lewis leader­ Fletcher made it clear that "Dis­ ship. The indisputable fact that the trict 50 is not the issue. . . . The present settlement of the mine dis­ issue is whether we are going to pute could have been realized last have unity in America to defeat May without strike action, and the Nazism and fascism, and I see noth­ Smith-Connally Bill, with the gen­ ing but chaos if John L. Lewis is eral harm to labor, avoided, were it brought back into the Federation." not for Lewis' sinister manipulation Nor were these delegates alone. of miners' justified grievances, must In addition to the Progressive Min­ be made clear to the miners and the ers, such delegates as Harvey Brown entire labor movement. of the Machinists, and Lynch of the The miners' problems are by no Pattern Makers expressed their op­ means solved by the wage agree­ position on grounds of procedure, ment finally concluded. The prob­ while others who did not speak can lems of effective wage policy, stabi­ yet. be drawn into the struggle lization, and price roll-backs still against John L. Lewis. await fundamental solution. This Hutcheson and his supporters solution, which rests primarily on tried to bring Lewis into this con­ the degree of unity in labor's ranks, vention. It is of great significance on united labor political and legis­ that they did not succeed. While the· lative action, and on labor's ability defeatist forces made advances in to win the support of the nation be­ the direction of bringing Lewis' re­ hind its justified demands, has been admission closer, their schedule was most seriously retarded and ob­ upset and serious obstacles and structed by the policies and leader­ forces were revealed which furnish ship of Lewis. Only through repudi­ the basis for successful struggle to ation of such policies and leader­ keep Lewis out of the A. F. of L. ship can the miners move forward One of these obstacles was expressed unitedly with the rest of the labor THE A. F. OF L. CONVENTION 1161 movement toward the most effective some degree :from the original posi­ solution of their common problems. tion of the Executive Council, then This is the lesson of the November on the question of world labor unity elections. This is the lesson of la­ the. A. F. of L. is faced with the bor's entire experience in this war. necessity of a drastic readjustment o{policy. Failure in this regard bids International Trade Union Unity fair to produce disastrous conse­ The tactic of submerging basic is­ quences for the prestige of the sues employed in relation to Lewis A. F. of L. leadership and to do in­ was reversed by the Woll-Hutche­ calculable damage to the standing son-Republican and the Social­ and future development of the A. F. Democratic-Dubinsky forces on the of L. This is not to mention the in­ question of international labor estimable damage to labor's role and unity. God forbid any "political" influence in the further conduct of considerations in relation to John L. the war, the shaping of. the peace Lewis. But in relation to the Soviet and the whole. course of post-war trade unions the discussion became economic and political readjustment. intensely "political." This question involves the very fu­ Under cover of anti-Soviet, anti­ ture of the labor movement, its Communist outbursts, the defeatist growth and security. forces ·sought to realize objectives Important signs are not lacking which they did not dare openly to that prominent leaders and grow;;. place before the convention. The ef­ ing sections of the A. F. of L. are forts to undermine the United ~a­ beginning to see. the full import of tions Coalition, to sabotage the Mos­ this problem in the light of the cow Conference, to convert the A. F. new situation created by the Mos­ of L. into a center of anti-Soviet cow Conference and the calling of intrigue, to advance the political ob­ the World Labor Congress by the jectives of the Hutcheson-L~wis­ British trade unions. This issue may Woll conspiracy on the home front, yet prove a Waterloo for the wreck­ to disrupt national unity and the ing, defeatist elements in the A. F. growing political unity of labor­ of L. whose disruption now becomes all these objectives became concen­ so glaringly apparent. trated in the attack upon interna­ The greetings of Green, Tobin, tional labor unity. Brown, Lindeloff and others to the Blinded by anti-Soviet prejudices November 7 Congress of Soviet­ and senseless fear of the Commu­ American Friendship, as well as the nists, the leadership of the A. F. of direct participation of McFetridge L. fell victim to this defeatist strat­ in the Congress-may well prove to egy. By so doing, the convention be indications of the most construc­ placed the A. F. of L. into an un­ tive

1166 1166

fully fully reveal reveal the the firm firm the the Working Working determination determination Class, Class, Moscow. Moscow.

suit suit of of the the work work of of • • An An the the editorial editorial conference conference from from the the magazine magazine War War and and

The The documents documents published published ambiguous ambiguous as as a a decisions, decisions, re- both both as as re-

of of the the war war period period demands demands .. .. clear clear and and un­

diate diate problems problems of of simple simple the the and and post-war post-war easy. easy. The The present present stage stage

confronting confronting war war it it were were ;::r;d ;::r;d also also by by no no on on means means the the more more imme­

is is all all the the urgent urgent greater greater tasks tasks since since of of the the the the conduct conduct tasks tasks of of the the

results results of of trated trated the the Moscow Moscow its its attention attention Conference Conference above above all all on on the the

The The significance significance Naturally, Naturally, of of the the the the conference conference positive positive concen­

ter ter the the war. war. the the enemies enemies and and their their associates. associates.

curing curing a a long long Conference Conference and and durable durable upset upset peace peace the the calculations calculations af­ of of

and and her her satellites satellites of of the the tasks tasks as as well well facing facing as as to to it, it, se­ the the Moscow Moscow

struggle struggle against against Having Having Hitler Hitler coped coped with with Germany Germany the the difficulties difficulties

able able contribution contribution to to the the cause cause of of the the Soviet Soviet Union. Union.

Moscow Moscow Conference Conference is is a a consider­ sent sent an an unfavorable unfavorable attitude attitude toward toward

Undoubtedly, Undoubtedly, the the success success of of the the Anglo-American Anglo-American press press which which pre­

Allies. Allies. in in the the pages pages of of some some organs organs of of the the

enemy enemy by by Moscow Moscow the the joint joint conference conference efforts efforts of of were were the the also also raised raised

the the quickest quickest defeat defeat of of the the common common with with regard regard to to the the prospects prospects of of the the

full full possibility possibility has has been been created created for for that that isolated isolated voices voices of of "skepticism" "skepticism"

tions tions of of Anglo-American Anglo-American troops, troops, the the the the conference. conference. is is no no secret secret either either It It

victories victories and and the the successful successful opera­ lations lations and and wrecast wrecast the the failure failure of of

result result of of the the Red Red Army's Army's splendid splendid culty culty of of these these tasks tasks in in their their calcu­

Germany Germany and and her her allies allies when, when, as as a a the the Hitlerites Hitlerites banked banked on on the the diffi­

stage stage in in the the struggle struggle against against Hitler Hitler the the conference. conference. On On the the other other hand, hand,

peoples. peoples. This This meeting meeting was was held held at at a a complex complex nature nature of of the the tasks tasks before before

Hitler Hitler coalititm coalititm of of freedom-loving freedom-loving our our Allies, Allies, were were fully fully aware aware of of the. the.

countries countries which which head head the the anti­ ion ion and and press press in in the the countries countries of of

tatives tatives of of the the three three leading leading Allied Allied and and press, press, just just as as the the public public opin­

meeting meeting of of authoritative authoritative represen­ everybody. everybody. Soviet Soviet public public opinion opinion

Moscow Moscow Conference Conference was was the the first first such such decisions decisions was was obvious obvious to to

foreign foreign policy. policy. This This is is natural. natural. The The in in the the way way of of the the achievement achievement of of

many many other other meetings meetings of of leaders leaders of of That That there there are are many many difficulties difficulties

world world to to a a far far greater greater degree degree than than danger danger of of aggression. aggression.

Union Union attracted attracted the the attention attention of of the the the the peace-loving peace-loving peoples peoples from from the the

States, States, Great Great Britain Britain and and the the Soviet Soviet stable stable post-war post-war order, order, protecting protecting

eign eign Secretaries Secretaries of of the the United United war war and and the the establishment establishment of of a a

T

gards gards the the further further conduct conduct HE HE Moscow Moscow of of the the Conference Conference of of For­

RESULTS RESULTS OF OF THE THE MOSCO\V MOSCO\V CONFERENCE* CONFERENCE* RESULTS OF THE MOSCOW CONFERENCE 1167 of the peoples of the Soviet Union, and humiliation caused them by the Great Britain and the United States hated Hitlerite tyranny. to collaborate in the solution of the It is extremely important that the problems of the war and the post­ obligations undertaken by the Al­ war problems facing them. lies and now confirmed by the Mos­ As we already pointed out before cow Conference be carried out in the conference, the main founda­ time. Of great importance in this tion for further strengthening the connection will be the position of friendly collaboration of the three some states which have hitherto powers during as well as after the pursued a policy of neutrality, as, war is the combining of their war for example, Turkey. A change on efforts to shorten the protracted the part of such neutral states to a war. The problem of shortening the policy of direct support of the anti­ war, raised by the Soviet public Hitler coalition in its struggle with understandable persistence, against the already weakened Ger­ has as a result of the work of the man fascism, the enemy of all free­ Moscow Conference now received dom-loving peoples, will be very official recognition on the part of important for the solution of the the governments of the Allied coun­ task of shortening the war. tries. Expressing the will of their The Moscow Conference demon­ peoples, the governments of the strated the unanimous desire of the three countries represented at the peoples of the Soviet Union, Great Moscow Conference unanimously Britain and the United States to recognized the shortening of the continue . the present close collab­ war as their paramount aim. It is oration also after the war with the to, be expected that "definite mili­ aim of ensuring lasting peace and tary operations with regard to securlity for all freedom-loving which decisions have been taken peoples. and which are already in prepara­ The declaration on universal se­ tion," mentioned in the communi­ curity, in which the Chinese Gov­ que on the conference, will upset ernment joined during the confer­ Hitler's last calculations, his bank­ ence, outlines ways for the solu­ ing on prolonging the war. It is now tion of the world problem of se­ a question of the practical realiza­ curity. This declaration of four tion of measures recognized as the states, representing the further de­ most important and urgent. It is velopment of a number of similar now a matter of realizing the deci­ international documents during the sions taken, whose significance and war, is at the same time disting­ value will be determined precisely uished from them in that it gives, by the extent to which and the for the first time, concrete expres­ speed with which these decisions sion to the idea of a leading inter­ will be carried into practice. national nucleus represented· by· This is well realized by the the four leading world powers, peoples of all countries who have which is of great importance both drained the bitter cup of suffering for the defeat of the common en- 1168 RESULTS OF THE MOSCOW CONFERENCE emy of the freedom-loving nations sibility for the establishment of a and for the entire subsequent in­ stable post-war order which . the ternational development and espe­ entire course of history has placed cially for uniting all peace-loving upon these countries. The procla­ states, large and small, in the inter­ mation by the declaration of the est of their national security and principle of sovereign equality of universal peace. all freedom-loving states which will Special note must be made of the take part in the international or­ decision to form, after the war, an ganization frustrates the ill-inten­ international organization, mem­ tioned attempts to sow d1strust for bership in which is accessible to all the great freedom-loving powers peace-loving states, large and small among the small and medium states alike. This organization must un­ -attempts. originating with the doubtedly draw lessons from the Hitlerites and their "yes-men." history of the pre-war decades Special zeal, in this respect, as is when the League of Nations was known, is displayed by the reac­ unable to fulfill its role as an in­ tionary circles of Polish emigres, strument of peace and security due who more and more are manifesting to the lack of agreement in policy their obvious isolation from their of the largest peace-loving powers people. It is precisely these circles which opened the door to fascist which constitute the source of all aggression. The historic experience sorts of artificial plans for the cre­ of the period between the First and ation of federations of the states of Second World Wars testifies to the Central and Eastern Europe. great difficulties of securing lasting These plans presuppose the for­ peace in Europe. On the other hand, mation of some sort or another of the experience of the present war permanent groups of states by emi­ , and the creation of the anti-Hit­ gre governments which, in the ma­ lerite coalition show that there is jority of cases, lack · sufficiently ground :for broad collaboration of strong ties with the people. Fur­ the great democratic powers, the thermore these plans provide for United States, Great Britain and the the unification in one federation of Soviet Union. countries which suffered from the The consideration of European Hitlerite brigands as well as those problems at the Moscow Conference which helped the Hitlerites in their revealed the full importance of brigandage. It is equally clear that broad collaboration of the three it is proposed to revive, in the form great powers. Such a negative fea­ of federations, the policy of the ture of the past period as the notorious "cordon sanitaire" direct­ standing aside from participation in ed against the Soviet Uni0n. European affairs has already reced­ The harm resulting from the arti­ ed to the realm of the past. ficial encouragement of such proj­ The joint decisions of the three ects, which may lead to the viola­ Allied powers revealed that these tion of the real will of sovereign powers fully realized their respon- peoples by forcing upon them all RESULTS OF 'l'HE MOSCOW CONFERENCE 1169 a political combination, is obvious. the struggle against the German As regards the Soviet Union and fascist brigands and their satellites. its relations with other European The Moscow Conference was held states, a definite step forward may on the eve of the twenty-sixth an­ be noted in this direction. It is niversary of Soviet power. Even known that in recent months prep­ though this coincidence be a.cci­ arations have been under way for dental, nevertheless it is profoundly the conclusion of a Soyiet-Czecho­ symbolic. Ever since the birth of slovak treaty of mutual assistance Soviet power, all the forces of in­ on the model of the Anglo-Soviet ternational brigandage and aggres­ agreement. The obstacles in the way sion, as well as the associates of of the conclusion of this agreement, these forces in the countries des­ known to our readers, have now tined subsequently to become the vanished and in the near future the victims of the aggressor, pursued a President of the Czechoslovak Re­ policy directed toward the interna­ public, Edouard Benes, is expected tional isolation of the Soviet Union. to arrive in Moscow for the purpose The fascist highway robbers, and of signing a treaty with the Soviet all sorts of "appeasers" abetting Union. these brigands, tried not only to iso­ The sucpess of the Moscow Con­ late the Soviet Union but also to ference increased the dismay and shift onto its shoulders the "guilt" confusion in the enemy camp. On for this isolation. the eve of the conference the Hit­ Today, in the light of the events . lerites, with dull monotony, pre­ of the past few years, it has become dicted its inevitable failure, discus.s­ clear to everybody that the attempts ing all sorts of differences in the to keep the Soviet Union from par­ camp of the Allies. Now, after the ticipation in the solution of the most success of the conference, they are important problems of international ·screaming that in Moscow the Al- policy can be of benefit only to the lies handed .over almost all of Eu­ forces inimical to the most vital in­ rope to the Bolsheviks. terests of the peace-loving peoples. This invention is not only stupid Ever since its origin, the great -it is outworn to the limit and can­ Soviet power has become the firm not serve even for covering up the bulwark of peace among the peo­ retreat before facts in the face of ples. Following Hitler Germany's which the stupid Hitlerite propa­ treacherous attack, the Soviet Union ganda has proved helpless. has become the steel .wall against Apparently the Hitlerites have which the Hitlerite imperialist vul­ lost their heads to such an extent ture has aready broken its teeth. that they are incapable of invent­ Our country has already withstood ing anything new. ordeals which no 'other country in The conference of the three For­ the world could have endured. Our eign Secretaries was held in Mos­ country was able to inflict on the cow, capital of the Soviet Union, enemy blows which have already which is shouldering the brunt of undermined the Hitlerite war rna-

union union movement. movement...... " ."

from from holding holding posts posts the the trade trade in in

circular' circular' which which banned banned Communists Communists

Labour Labour Party, Party, rescinded rescinded the the 'black 'black

ty's ty's application application for for affiliation affiliation to to the the

in in support support of of the the Communist Communist Par­

gress, gress, while while failing failing to to act act favorably favorably

"The "The British British Trades Trades Union Union Con­

read: read:

The The sentence sentence should should Communist. Communist.

1019 1019 the the November November issue issue of of in in The The

bottom bottom of of the the first first column column of of page page

ginning ginning the the eleventh eleventh line line from from the the

error error occurred occurred the the sentence sentence be­ in in

Due Due to to a a technical technical oversight oversight an an

ERRATUM ERRATUM

world world powers. powers. coalition, coalition, at at the the same same time time heralds heralds

resentatives resentatives of of the the three three leading leading powers powers heading heading the the anti-Hitierite anti-Hitierite

of of the the Moscow Moscow Conference Conference of of rep­ collaboration collaboration of of the the three three great great

antee antee of of this this is is the the successful successful work work of of all all the the preceding preceding development development of of

ties ties can can be be overcome overcome and and the the guar­

ference, ference, coming coming as as a a natural natural result result

these these problems. problems. But But these these difficul­

especially especially clear. clear. The The

Moscow Moscow

Con­

ing ing in in the the way way of of the the solution solution of of

common common cause cause of of the the Allies Allies is is now now

mize mize the the difficulties difficulties inevitably inevitably aris­

made made by by the the Soviet Soviet people people to to the the

would would

be be

a a

mistake mistake

to to mini­ It It

The The scope scope of of the the contribution contribution

lasting lasting peace peace and and general general security. security.

Hitler Hitler Germany. Germany.

in in the the interests interests of of preparation preparation of of

for for the the

quick quick and and complete complete rout rout of of with with regard regard to to the the post-war post-war period period

1943 1943 have have laid laid a a firm firm foundation foundation definite definite guiding guiding principles principles of of policy policy

during during the the summer summer and and autumn autumn of of ing ing the the war war and and also also of of working working out out

paign. paign. The The Red Red Army's Army's victories victories above above all, all, the the problem problem of of shorten­

of of the the Army's Army's Red Red summer summer cam­ ant ant problems problems of of the the war war in in Europe, Europe,

eloquent eloquent confirmation confirmation in in the the results results in in the the solution solution of of the the most most import­

these these blows blows have have again again received received states states to to ensure ensure a a coordinated coordinated policy policy

The The strength strength and and significance significance of of the the efforts efforts of of the the principal principal Allied Allied

short short time time fully fully possible. possible. special special significance significance is is acquired acquired by by

combined combined Allied Allied forces forces wtthin wtthin a a forthcoming forthcoming victory victory loom loom clear, clear,

der der the the defeat defeat of of the the enemy enemy by by the the Now Now that that the the outlines outlines of of the the

of of world world domination domination and and which which ren­ these these powers. powers.

chine chine built built by by Germany Germany for for conquest conquest a a new new stage stage in in the the relations relations among among

1170 1170 RESULTS RESULTS OF OF THE THE MOSCOW MOSCOW CONFERENCE CONFERENCE INDEX-VOLUME XXII, 1943

AUTHOR INDEX

Alexandrov, G.-The Great Patriotic War Childs, M.-Chicago Rebukes the Copper­ and the Social Sciences, 47-50, January. heads. 425-433, May. Allen, James S.-Some Lessons of the Communist International, Executive Com­ "Fateful Decade," 258~265, March; WC mittee, Presidium, Proposal for the can Win In '43, 680-687, August. Dissolution of the -Communist Interna­ Amter, Israel-Twenty-six Years of Strug­ tional, 668-670, July. gle and Glory, 980-988, Npvember. Communist Party of Great Britain--On the Beveridge Proposals. 168-174. Febru­ Bassett; Theodore R.-The New Stage In ary; Tasks of the British Unions for the Fight to abolish the Poll Tax, Victory, 753-756, August; For Unity 452-460, May. and Victory, 957-960, October. Begun, Isidore--The Farmers and National Communist Party of India, Central Com­ Unity, 934-943, October. mittee--Solve India's National Crisis Berger, H·ans-The Nazi "Peace'' Offensive, Through National Unity, S71-383, 266-273, March; T'he Provocation of April. th8 Polish Reactionaries, 513--526, June; Communist Party of Ireland-Ireland's The National Committee for a Free Way 1Corward, 285-288, March. Germany and Its Significance, 806-815, Communist Party. U.S.A.--Greetings to the September; Remarks on the Discussion Red Army and Its Supreme Com­ Concerning the Dissolution of the Com­ mander-in-Chief, 196-197, March; Na­ munist International, 1018-1029, No­ tional Committee--May Day Manifesto vember. of the Communist Party, 387-393, May; Bert, Eric-Review of "Lenin on the Agra­ National Committee-Resolutions afid rian Question,'' by Anna Rochester, Statements, 657-661, July. 185-192, February. Darcy, Samuel A.-The Elections In Phila­ Blumberg, A. E.-The 78th Congress, 711- delphia, 1121-1132, December. 719, August. Dennis, Eugene--The New Stage ot the Bragin, Mikhail-The Great Battle of Sta­ War in Europe, 99-113, February; lingrad, 222-228, March. Notes on the Pol!tical Situation In Browder, Earl-stalin's Sixty-third Birth­ North Africa, 207-210, March; The Vic­ day, 3, January; Production for Vic­ tory In Africa, 495-504, June; Victory tory, 10-29, January; Hitler's Secret and the 1944 Elections, 599-612, July; Weapon-The Bogey of Communism, The Moscow Conference, National 198-204, 1\Iarch; Correspondence with Unity, and the Elections. 1083-1102, Sumner Welles. 205-206, March; The December. Carrot -and the Club, or the Copper­ Digby, Robert-The Farmers and National head Cabal, 297-300, April; The Anti­ Unity, 934-943, October. SoYiet Conspiracy in the United States, Dimitroff. Georgi-Statement 01:1 Behalf of 399-402, May; The Strike Wa,ve Con­ the Presidium of the Executive Com­ spiracy, 483-494, June; Hold the Home mittee ot the Communist International Front, 579-698, July; The Future of on the ApProval by the Comintern the Anglo-Soviet-American Coalition, Sections of the Proposal to Dissolve 867-873, October; On the 26th Anni­ the Communist International, 672, versary of the Soviet Power and the July. lOth Anniversary of Soviet American Don, Sam-Our Nation's Democratic IIis­ Relations, 963-965, November; The torical Path, 824-835, September. Three-Power Conference at Moscow, Dutt, R. Palme--British labor and the 1059-1064, December. war, 62w72, January~ Buck, Tim-Canada Needs a Party of Communists, 725-741, August. Editorials-The Tenth Anniversary of the Reichstag Fire, 358-360, April. Budenz, Louis F.-The President's Message Ercoli, M.-The Crisis in Fascist 'Upper to Congress, 157-164, February. Circles In Italy, 505-512, June. Burns, Emile-Labour Party and Com­ munist Party, the Case for Affiliation, Flynn, Elizabeth Gurley-The New Role 361-369, April. of Women in Industry, 348-367, April. Ford, James W.-Mobilizing Negro Man­ Campos, Pedro Albizu-Reply to Commu­ power for Victory, 38-46, January; The nist Party, U.S.A., Greetings, 660-61, Negro People Unite for Victory, 642- July, 647, July. 1171

I I

November, November, 1002-1004, 1002-1004, Warfare, Warfare, tion tion January. January. War, War, 88-96, 88-96, the the and and

Coali­ in in Factor Factor Time Time M.-The M.-The Tolchenov, Tolchenov, Workers Workers Collar Collar White White Robert-The Robert-The Miller, Miller,

April. April. 370-376, 370-376, February. February.

Czechoslovakia, Czechoslovakia, in in Struggle Struggle Liberation Liberation Italy, Italy, 181-184, 181-184, of of People People the the to to peal peal

National­ the the of of Jan-Problems Jan-Problems Sverma, Sverma, Ap­ station)-An station)-An (Radio (Radio Libertad Libertad Milano Milano

May. May. Mantle, Mantle, 469-480, 469-480, February. February. 114-125, 114-125,

usocialist" usocialist" a a Max-Under Max-Under Steinberg, Steinberg, Struck, Struck, Has Has Hour Hour Marty, Marty, Andr~-France's Andr~-France's

January. January. 82, 82, November. November. Army, Army, 975-979, 975-979, Red Red the the of of

73- Offensive, Offensive, Great Great Joseph-The Joseph-The Starobin, Starobin, Victories Victories Glorious Glorious Dmitri-The Dmitri-The Manuilsky. Manuilsky.

December. December. Victory, Victory, 1071-1081, 1071-1081, of of August. August.

Day Day the the Speed Speed July; July; 671, 671, International, International, 720-724, 720-724, Problems, Problems, Post-War Post-War and and Aims Aims

Communist Communist the the of of Dissolution Dissolution the the on on War War of of Discussion Discussion the the N.-On N.-On Malinin, Malinin,

Harold Harold to to Letter Letter June; June; 572-676, 572-676, Kin~r Kin~r

Day, Day, the the of of Order Order Day Day September. September. May May April; April; 816-823, 816-823, Mussolini, Mussolini,

Army, Army, 292-296, 292-296, Red Red the the of of versary versary of of Downfall Downfall the the Antoni<>-'-After Antoni<>-'-After Locascio, Locascio,

Anni­ Twenty-fifth Twenty-fifth the the of of Occasion Occasion October. October. Italy, Italy, 903-912, 903-912, in in War War

the the on on Day Day the the of of Order Order January; January; 4-9, 4-9, The The August; August; States, States, 742-752, 742-752, United United

of of Joseph-Reminiscences Joseph-Reminiscences Stalin, Stalin, the the Lenin~ Lenin~ in in June June 22 22 June; June; Unity, Unity, 562-661. 562-661.

October. October. 4-880, 4-880, Front, Front, 87 87 Slav Slav American American of of Year Year A.-A A.-A Landy, Landy,

Seconq Seconq the the and and Labor Labor N.-World N.-World Shvernik, Shvernik, October. October. 953-956, 953-956, Prosperity, Prosperity, Victory, Victory,

December. December. 1137, 1137, Unity, Unity, Canada, Canada, of of Party Party Labor-Progressiye Labor-Progressiye

1133. 1133. Elections, Elections, Francisco Francisco San San The The

February. February. 166-167, 166-167, Relations, Relations, July; July; 648, 662, 662, 648, Elections, Elections, Coming Coming the the

Union Union Trade Trade Peter-Anglo-Soviet Peter-Anglo-Soviet Kerrigan, Kerrigan, and and California California William- Schneiderman, Schneiderman,

December. December.

1120, 1120,

August. August. 57-760, 57-760, 7 7 Conference, Conference,

1111- F:lections. F:lections. Cleveland Cleveland the the

of of

Lessons Lessons

Party Party Labour Labour British British William-The William-The Rust, Rust,

Some Some July; July; Ohio, Ohio, 653-656, 653-656, in in

featism featism

April. April.

De­

·Against ·Against

Fight Fight

Arnold-The Arnold-The Johnson, Johnson,

332-341, 332-341, Jefferson, Jefferson, Thomas Thomas of of niversary niversary

October. October.

Charted, Charted, 81!1-893, 81!1-893,

Dimitroff Dimitroff

An­

Bicentennial Bicentennial the the

on on

Carl-Notes Carl-Notes Ross, Ross,

Path Path The The

May; May; 411-424, 411-424, Wallace, Wallace, Mr. Mr.

November. November. nin, nin, 1082, 1082,

and and Prussianism Prussianism

Marxism, Marxism,

March; March;

221, 221,

Kali­ to to D.-Greetings D.-Greetings Franklin Franklin Roosevelt, Roosevelt,

211-

Wars, Wars, National National and and

Marx Marx

ruary; ruary;

August. August. Cabinet, Cabinet, 761, 768, 768, 761, the the

Feb­

126-134; 126-134; Production, Production, War War

tralized tralized

and and Cuba Cuba of of Communists Communists Bias--The Bias--The Roca, Roca,

Cen­ of of Problems Problems .J.-Some .J.-Some V. V. Jerome, Jerome,

July. July. ment, ment, 665-667, 665-667,

November. November. ference, ference, 973-974, 973-974,

Agree­ Soviet-A·merlcan Soviet-A·merlcan the the of of versary versary

Con­ Moscow Moscow the the of of Eve Eve the the Izvestia-on Izvestia-on

Anni­ the the On On July; July; liance, liance, 662-664, 662-664,

Al­ of of Treaty Treaty Anglo-Soviet Anglo-Soviet The The May; May; November. November. 1005-10f7, 1005-10f7, Convention, Convention, ers ers

396-398, 396-398, Partners,' Partners,' Polish Polish Pravda-Hitler's Pravda-Hitler's Work­ Auto Auto The The July; July; Today, Today, 613-623, 613-623,

October. October. II, II, War War 917-921, 917-921, World World fore fore :Labor :Labor Before Before Problems Problems Crucial Crucial May; May;

Be­ Period Period the the in in Peace Peace for for Struggle Struggle Unity, Unity, 403-410, 403-410, Labor Labor World World Forge Forge

Union's Union's Soyiet Soyiet Vladimir-The Vladimir-The Potemkin, Potemkin, April; April; 342-347, 342-347, Michigan, Michigan, in in paign paign

March. March. 4-284, 4-284, 27 27 Cam­ Recruiting Recruiting Party Party Roy-The Roy-The Hudson, Hudson,

Yugoslavia? Yugoslavia? About About Albert-What Albert-What Popovich, Popovich, . . February. February. 135-145, 135-145,

Column, Column, Fifth Fifth the the and and Roosevelt Roosevelt coln, coln,

January. January. Lin­ January; January; 61-57, 61-57, Congress, Congress, eighth eighth

58·61. 58·61. Crossroads, Crossroads, the the at at M..-Italy M..-Italy Oslpov, Oslpov, Seventy­ Incoming Incoming Milton-The Milton-The Howard, Howard,

November. November. lations, lations, 966-971. 966-971.

June. June. Re­ Documents-American-Soviet Documents-American-Soviet Historic Historic

Book, Book, 564-571, 564-571, Challenging Challenging Willkie's Willkie's November. November. 1051-1056, 1051-1056,

Massachusetts, Massachusetts,

Wendell Wendell World"- "One "One Joseph- North, North, in in Labor Labor of of Fanny-Problems Fanny-Problems Hartm.an, Hartm.an,

December. December. 1138-1146, 1138-1146, Elections, Elections, March. March.

240-247, 240-247, Bourbons, Bourbons,

Jersey Jersey New New the the of of Lessons Lessons October; October; Southern Southern the the on on Fowler-Marx Fowler-Marx Rob Rob Hall, Hall,

Jersey, Jersey, 944-962, 944-962, New New in in Unity Unity tiona!. tiona!.

December. December. 1103-1110, 1103-1110, Elections, Elections, City City Na-· Na-· for for Struggle Struggle William-The William-The Norman, Norman,

York York New New The The July; July; crats, crats, 633-641, 633-641, February. February.

Social-Demo­ Dubinsky Dubinsky The The May; May; 451, 451, Army, Army, 175-180, 175-180, German German the the and and pie pie

447- Youn&'. Youn&'. Pauline Pauline and and William William by by Peo-· Peo-· German German the the to to many)-Manifesto many)-Manifesto

Stabilization Stabilization Wage Wage on on Article Article to to Reply Reply (Ger­ Conference Conference Movement Movement Peace Peace National National

March; March; 229-239, 229-239, Stabilization, Stabilization, nomic nomic

tember. tember.

Eco­ of of

Problems Problems Gilbert-Some Gilbert-Some Qreen, Qreen,

Sep­ Brazil, Brazil, 852-863, 852-863, on on C.-Notes C.-Notes Mota, Mota, May. May. Record, Record, 461-468, 461-468,

December. December. 1071, 1071,

His His Dewey: Dewey: E. E. W.-Thomas W.-Thomas S. S. Gerson, Gerson,

1065- Conference, Conference, the the of of Documents Documents

Ministers-­ vember. vember. Foreign Foreign of of Conference Conference Moscow Moscow

No­ December. December. 1030-1040, 1030-1040, Offensive, Offensive, the the 1166-1165, 1166-1165, ·speed ·speed

Convention, Convention, L. L. to to of of F. F. A. A. Program Program Tax Tax K.-The K.-The A A J. J. March; March; Morton, Morton, 248-257, 248-257,

Program, Program, Tax Tax Win-the-War Win-the-War cratic cratic November. November. power, power, 1051-1066, 1051-1066,

Man­ War War of of Demo­ a a for for Battle Battle George-Problems George-Problems Morris, Morris, Jean-The Jean-The Francis, Francis,

December. December. 1147-1156, 1147-1156, January. January. Convention, Convention, 83-87, 83-87, Prtissianism, Prtissianism, ary ary

National National C.I.O. C.I.O. The The October; October; Reaction­ on on Engels Engels 894-902, 894-902, and and M.-Marx M.-Marx Mitin, Mitin,

Meet, Meet, Staffs Staffs General General Labor's Labor's September. September. June; June; 538, 538,

Miners, Miners, 527- Coal Coal the the of of Strike Strike The The 836-851. 836-851. August; August; 688-697, 688-697, Decision, Decision,

April; April; War, War, 301-315, 301-315, the the and and SchneidermaD> SchneidermaD> fensive fensive The The May; May;

For?, For?, 434-442, 434-442,

Of­ Reactionary Reactionary Z.-The Z.-The Fighting Fighting William William We We Are Are Foster, Robert-What Robert-What Minor, Minor,

1172 1172 INDEX INDEX INDEX 1173 u.s.s.R.-Note Of the Soviet Government Welles, Sumner--correspondence with Eat'! on the Decision to Suspend Relations Browder, 206-206, March. with the Polish Government, 394-395, Williamson, John-Prepare the Party tor May, a Nationwide Party Building a.nd Presa The war and the Working Class--Axis Campaign, 30-37, January; Lessons of Reverses and Conflicts, 675-679, Au­ the Party Building Campaign and the gust; The War and the Trade Unions, Next Tasks, 539-551, June; Gearin&' 789-791, September; The Second Front Organization·al Forms and Methods to hi Europe, 771-774, September; What the War Effort, 624-632, July; The Is Hidden Behind the Plan for an Organizational and Educational Tasks East European Federation?, 913-916, of Our Party, 922-933, October. October; Results of the Moscow Con­ Wortis, Rose-Labor Day, 1943, 775-788, ference, 1166-1170, December. September; International Labor Mov­ Weiss, Max-The Nation and the Armed Ing Toward Unity, 989-1001, November. Forces, 146-156, February; Youth in the Fight for Victory, 316-331, April; Young, William and Pauline-On Wage Fifth-Column Diversion in Detroit, 698- Stabilization, 443-447, May. 710, AugUst; Toward a New Anti-Fas­ Yudin, L.-On the 73rd Anniversary of cist Youth Organization, 792-805, Sep­ Lenin's Birth, 662-563, June. tember.

SUBJECT INJ?EX

The following key shows the pages covered by each issue:

1- 96, January 289-384, April 577-672, July 865- 960, October 97-192, February 385-480, May 673-768, August 961-1056, November 193-288, March 481-576, June 769-864, September 1057-1184, becember

A.M.G., see Allied l\lilitary Government ot American Institute of Public Opinion, 714. Occupied Territories. American Labor Conference for Interna­ Abercauph, 1129f. tional Aft'airs, 469ft, 841. Abraham Lincoln Batallion, 153. American Labor Party, 138, 633, 784f, Abramowich, Raphael,• 470, 472, 478f. 1105f. Abramson, Irving, 785. American revolution, 214, 824. , Absenteeism, 352, 1050. American Slav_ Congress, 552ff, 744. "Absolute Idea," 420. American Slovak League, 558. Action Party (Italy), ·818ft. American-Soviet friendship, see U.S., re- Addes, George, 1010ff. lations with U.S.S.R. Advertising, of party activities, 543. American Youth for a free world, 326. Advertising mobilization conference, 95. Amos (Hebrew prophet), 416. Africa, see North Africa. Anglo-Soviet-American Coalitlon, 3, 731'f, Agricultural Adjustment Administration, 112!, 299f, 495, 771, 789, 8~8. 964; and 942. post-war reconstruction, 721, 892; AgricultUre, and the war, 590f; in Ger• Browder on, 273; fought by defeatists, many, 187; review of "Lenin on the 271, 304ft, 389, 399ft', 423, 469ft', 88H; Agrarian Question," 1851!; see also future pf, 867:ff; "Izvestia" on, 972ff; Farmers; names of specific organiza­ need fo'r strengthening, 1089; produc­ tions. tion and, 11; see also Moscow Confer­ Alien and Sedition Acts, 339. ence. Allied Military Government of Occupied Anglo-Soviet Trade Union Committee, 70, Territories, 912. 165f, 424, 484f, 662!, 787, 879, 989ft, Alter, Victor, see Ehrlich-Alter conspiracy. 998ft. America First Party, 702, 705, 709. Anglo-Soviet Treaty. 964; see also Great American Bankers Association, 894~ Britain, relations with U.S.S.R. Am.erican Country Life Conference, 942. Anti-Hitler coalition, see United Nations. American Federation of Labor, and int'l Anti-Semitism, 569, 1112, 1125; see also trade union unity, 167, 891, 989ft; and entries beginning with word Jewish. trade union uni~y. 163f, 312, 407, 891, Anti-Sovietism, 271, 338, 412ft, 484, 493, 899; and 1944 election, 1099f; and San 601, 964f, 987, 1127f; and insurrection Francisco election, 1134; attitude to­ against U.S., 585; and plan for East ward Negroes, 45; defeatists in, 619ff; European federation, 913ft'; at A. F. demands economic planning, 126; of L. convention, 993; conspiracy in early history, 775; Executive Council, U.S., 399ft; fatal consequences of, 919; 781, 891, 900f; must abandon anti­ in A. F. of L., 409, 891; new wave of, Soviet prejudices, 786f, 891; 1943 con­ 289f; of Polish gov't-in-exile, 396ft, vention, 1156!. 613ft, 914f; of Thomas E. Dewey, 462; 1174 INDEX

opposition to, 7 44f; Social-Democrats Branch work, see Com1nunist Party, and, 634. Branch work. Antonini, Luigi, 472, 640, 822. Brandao, Pimentel, 857. Appeasers, changes in line, 297f, 338; ide­ Brazil, and the war, 8521!. ological work of. 835; methods of, Brereton, Lew~s H., 911. 99f; strength of, 229, 264f; treacherous Bricker, John, 653. activities of, 388; see a.h::Q Defeatists. Bridges, Harry, 201, 1044. Apprenticeship, 3 21. British Labor Party, see Labor Party Arabs, in North Africa, 121. (Great Britain). Aranha, Oswaldo, 854. British Trades Union Congress, see Trades Arg'entina, and the war, 853; Communist Union Congress. Party National Committee resolution Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, 1031. on, 658f. Browder, Earl, importance of his book, 36; Armed forces, see Guerrillas; Hed Army; leadership of, 836; letter to Sumner U.S. Army. Welles, 205; on Communist work in Arnold, Benedict, 135. · trade unions, 928; on foreign policy, Arkansas, in civil war, 242. 340f, 244f, 340f; on home front, 711f; Associated Farmers, 649. on Jefferson, 830f; on leadership by Association of Catholic Trade !.lnionifits, Communists, 33, 933; on Mikhailovich, 779. 280; on manpower problem, 133; on Atlantic Charter, 419. national unity,_ 934; on Party respon­ Atrocities, see Nazi atrocities. sibilities, 539; on Party's interest in Australian Council of Trade Unions, 990. U.S. history, 135f, 827; on planned Austria, Moscow Conference on, 1061, 1066, economy and Socialism, 129f; on po­ 1069. litical education, 923; on Red-baiting, Austro-Prussian war (1866), 422. 544f; on second front, 10ff, 204, 2991!, 868ff, 889; on Soviet aid to Britain and Babcock, H. E., 935f. U.S., 7 48; on strikes, 637f; on theory, Badoglio, Marshal, 821, 883, 903. 849; on War production, 6ff, 39; on Baldwin, .ros. Clark, 164. 458. Young Communist League, 801f. :Barbour, W. Warren, 1139. Brown, Constatine, 27 2f. Barclay, Edwin, 645. Brown, Han·e.L 407. Bard, Ralph A., 987. Buck, Pearl, 647. Bardossy, 60. Bukharin, Nikolai, 844f. Batista, President, 760. Bulgaria, 104, 272, 676; see also Dimitroff. Baruch, Bernard, 1045f. Georgi. Bayre, Belata Ayela, 646. Bullitt, William C., 402, 412, 871, 964, Battle for production, 12, 109, 122f, 391, 1063; in Philadelphia election, 1121ff; 778; Browder on, lOft', 39; problems on -U.S.-Soviet 'l'elations, 298. of, 126ff, 690; trade unions and, 24ff, Bureaucracy, 8 42f. 754. Burns, Tim, 364. Beaumont, Texas, riots in, 698ft. Burr, Aaron, 340, 829. Beiswenger. Ann, 325, 1095. Burrows, George, 467. Belgorod, battle of, 975f. Byrd, Harry F., 842. Bender, George. 164, 458, 655. Benedict, Jane, 354. Caballero, Marshal, 605. Benes, Eduard, 915. Cacchione, Peter V., 1095, 1104. Benn, Ernest, 173. Cahan, Abraham, 400, 473!. Berbers, in North Africa, 121. California, and 1944 elections, 6481!. Berle, Adolph, 201. California State Federation of Labor, 652. Berlin peace offensive, see Peace maneuv- Callender, Harold, 279, 916. ers. Campos, Pedro Albizu, 6591!. Berling, Zigmund, 519f. Canada, Communists in, 725ff; Labor Beveridge f>lan, 758, 768ff. Progressive Party manifesto, 963ff; Biddle, Francis, 201. wages in, 236, 956. Big Business, differentiation \\·ithin, 29. Canadian Commonwealth Federation, Bismark, Otto, 421. 738f. Bianchi, l\Iario, 508. Canadian Congress of Labor, 728. Bogocius, F. J., 476. "Capital'' (excerpt from.), 420. Bohn, William. 472, 476. Capitalism, and social insurance, 168. Book Mobilization Conference, 96. Carey, James, 489, 636. Book reviews. ••At-tack Can Win in '43,'' Casablanca Conference, 198f, 269, 273, 411~ by Max Werner, 680ff; 0 The Great Of­ 772. fensive," by Max Werner, 73ff; "Lenjn Cassidy, Henry C., 982. on the Agrarian Question," by Anna Catholic Church, and Moscow Conference~ Rochester, 185ff; "One World," by 1063; i:h Philadelphia election, 1123. Wendell Willkie, 564ff; "Peace and "Catholic Review," 626. War," issued by U.S. State Depart­ Catholics, and Com.munists, 626. ment, 258ff. Catholic Youth organizations, 806. Borgos, Heitor, 857. Caucuses, see Factionalism. Boss, George, 653. Chamberlain, Neville, 299, 983. Botta.!, 505. Chanin, N., 399, 473f, 484f. Bourgeois-democratic ..:p_alf-revolution" of Cheka, 414ff. 1848, 421. Chernoff, Victor, 476, 585. Bra:cie, Leila, 351. Chester, Penna., -riots in, 698ff. INDEX 1175

Chetniks, 277; see also Mikhailovich; force for victory, 609ff; branches, Yugoslavia. 31ff, 55 0f, 628f, 926ff, 1136; conception Chicago, election in, 425ff. of state, 836f; fights for rights of "Chicago Daily News," 427f. women, 356f; greetings to Red Army "Chicago Sun," 425. an-d Stalin, 196f; importance of full "Chicago Times," 425. rights for, 203, 544f, 688ff; in New "Chicago Tribune, 64, 811; and local elec­ Jersey, 951, 1145; in New York elec­ tion, 426, 428f; and Moscow Confer­ tions, 1107ff; in 1943 election, 1094f; ence, 1063; and size of army, 147; on in Philadelphia election, 1125ff; in San southern reactionaries, 241f. Francisco election, 1136f; industrial Child care, 351f. sections in, 625; May Day m-anifesto, China, in post-war world, 440f; Moscow 387ff; National Committee resolutions, Conference and, 1060; role in the war, 657ff; new members' problems, 924f; 80. organizational and educational tasks, Churchill, Winston, on danger of long 624ff; 922ff; policies vindicated by war, 56 8; on the Casablanca Decisions, history, 262; position on strikes, 772; on Soviet Union, 980. 586f; m.embership conditions simpli­ Ciano, Count, 506. fied, 35f; Negroes in, 31, 344, 640, 832, Citizenship, and Schneiderman decision, 925; propaganda work. 929f; puts wa.r 688!. effort first, 31.6. 893; recruiting, 30ft, Citrine, Walter, 165f, 998!. 342ff, 539f, 631; responsibility to Ne­ Civil War (U.S.), 137f, 240ff, 415, 828, gro members, 547; see also Red-bait... 846. ing. Civiilan consumption, 161f. Communists, as vanguard. 33, lllf, 933; Clausewitz,. on war, 441. in America• Civil War, 415f; in army, Cleveland, Ohio, local election in, 603, 153f. 318. 632; in youth movement, 1092, llllf. 327. Cleveland Federation of Labor, 1117. Confederation of Latin American Workers, Coal industry, in Great Britain, 958; 990. strike l.n, 473, 527ff. Congress of Industrial Organizations, and Coal miners, in the . party, 54 8!. Cleveland elections, 1113; and Chicago Coalicion Socialista Democratica, 760tf. election, 430; and Int'l trade union Coalition warfare, 197, 204, 210, 221, 264, unity, 990ff; and MOscow Conference, 273, 291, 888ff; Communist Party May 1062; and San Francisco elections, Day manifesto, 387ff; Copperheads vs., 1134ff; and trade union unity, 3"12, 2971f; new stage of war, 99ff; review 891, 899; attitude toward Negroes, of Werner's .. Attack Can Win in '43," 45f; d·emands economic planning, 126; 680ff; review of Werners "Great· Of­ 194"3 convention, 1147ff; on responsi­ fensive,,. 73ff; time fa.ctor in, 1002ff; bilities of trade unions, 239; on wage see also Anglo-Soviet-American Coali­ stabilization, 897; pledge support to tion; Second front. war effort, 133; political activities, Cole, G. D. H., 478. 1160; program must be popularized, Committee on Political Action (C.I.O.), 1099; political activity, 60lf, 716ff, see Congress of Industrial Organiza­ 781, 783f, 896; results of national tions, political activities. board meeting, 900ff; tax p.rogram.. Communist International, defines fasci'sm, 126f, 265ff, 1031. 882; C.P. U.S.A. National Committee Copperheads, Browder on conspiracy of, on dissolution of, 657; discussion on 297ff; in U.S. Civil War, 136f, 145; dissolution of, 1018ff; official state­ see also Appe-asers, Defeatists. ment on dissolution, 672; proposal to Corporation profits, see Profits. dissolve, 668ff; results of dissolution Corporation taxes, 1033. of, 691, 629, 637, 730; Stalin on disso­ Cost of living, 89f, 631, 897; and tax lution of, 671, 731, 1011. program, 1036; and wage~ 444f; de- "Communist Manifesto," 837, 892-3. 302 Communist Party of Brazil, 857f. Coui~t~~i!s. a~~· ' Communist Party of Canada, 725ff. Cox, E. E., 54, 453f. Communist Party of Cuba, 760ff. Crawford, Frederick, 128.. Communist Party of France, 118f, 124f, "Critique of the Hegelian Philosophy of 208. Right," 421. Communist Party of Germany, 177. Croatia, 59. Communist Party of Great Britain, 68; Cronin, Father, 626. and Labour Party, 361ff, 757ff; and Crossbie, . Paul, 1104. trade unions, 703; membership, ·365; C:fosswaith, Frank, 6'39. resolutions, 957ff. Cuba, national unity in. 764. Communist Party of India, 218, 377:ff.. Cudahy, John, 515. Conun unist Party of Ireland, 218. Cummings, A. J., 7411. Communist Party of Italy, 818ff. Curtiss-Wright Alrpian<> Co., 4.3. Communist Party, U.S.A., and battle for Czechoslovakia, confliCts with Poland, production, 12; and Chicago election, 914f; problems of, 370tf; war aims, 431f; and Cleveland election, 1116!; 723. and coal strike, 528; and democracy, Czechs in the U.S., 658. 365, 788, 836; and fight on ,Poll tax, 460; and national unity, 334, 591!, .. Daily Worker,"' 1119; importance of, 36, 892f; and trade unions, 543!, &94ff, 923f; on coal strike, 528; on taxation, 625, 893, 927f; and youth, 801; as 266; see also "The Worker!'

bor bor Conference Conference for for International International Fotich, Fotich, Consta Consta Af- tine, tine, 2 2 81. 81.

Dubinsky, Dubinsky, David, David, 915. 915. 780; 780; a.nd a.nd American American La-

unual unual 840f: 840f: power," power," see see State. State. also also "Fortnightly "Fortnightly Review" Review" (periodical), (periodical), 913, 913,

Drew, Drew, James, James, 703. 703. Food Food supply, supply, 323, 323, 935l'f. 935l'f.

Dodd, Dodd, William William E., E., .269. .269. Five Five Party Party Coalition Coalition (Italy), (Italy), 906l'f. 906l'f.

Dixon, Dixon, Frank, Frank, 62, 62, 947. 947. . . Fltten, Fltten, James, James, 947. 947.

Dirksen, Dirksen, Elmer, Elmer, Fish, Fish, 53. 53. Hamilton, Hamilton, 299. 299.

672. 672. First First International, International, 415. 415.

881l'f; 881l'f; report report on on dissolution dissolution of. of. C.I., C.I., 109, 109, 310. 310.

union union unity, unity, 890; 890; path path charted charted by, by, crisis crisis In, In, 104; 104; U.S. U.S. appeasement appeasement of, of,

887; 887; on on Soviet Soviet Union, Union, 891; 891; on on trade trade 367; 367; conflict conflict with with Rumania, Rumania, 678; 678;

courage courage of, of, 881, 881, 892; 892; on on fascism, fascism, 886, 886, Finland, Finland, British British .relations .relations with with in in 1940, 1940,

Dlmltrol'f, Dlmltrol'f, at at Lelpsig Lelpsig trial, trial, 368!, 368!, 881; 881; Fllho, Fllho, Maciel, Maciel, 855. 855.

Dimltriu, Dimltriu, General, General, and, and, 226. 226. 136l'f. 136l'f.

Dimitrieva, Dimitrieva, Natalaya, Natalaya, 698l'f; 698l'f; In In 986. 986. Massachusetts, Massachusetts, 1052; 1052; Lincoln Lincoln

Dilling, Dilling, Elizabeth, Elizabeth, Fifth Fifth Column, Column, 307. 307. in in Brazil, Brazil, 861f; 861f; in in Detroit, Detroit,

Dillard, Dillard, Earl, Earl, 9 9 7. 7. 4 4 Feudalism, Feudalism, in in Germany, Germany, 824f. 824f.

Dies, Dies, Martin, Martin, 463, 463, 706. 706. Fernand-Laurent, Fernand-Laurent, C. C. J., J., 411. 411.

Dies Dies Committee, Committee, 728. 728. 306. 306.

. . tion tion on, on, 366; 366; of of the the proletariat, proletariat, 846!. 846!. Fellowship Fellowship for for a a Christian Christian Social Social Order, Order,

tionary tionary class, class, 846; 846; Communist Communist posl- Fel'fer, Fel'fer, Itzik, Itzik, 786, 786, 984 984 . .

Dictatorship, Dictatorship, as as weapon weapon of of any any revolu­ 787. 787.

"Diario "Diario Carioca/' Carioca/' 855. 855. Federation Federation of of Latin Latin American American Workers, Workers,

ism. ism. Federalist Federalist Party, Party, 340. 340.

Dialectics, Dialectics, 419f; 419f; see see also also Marxism-Lenin­ Fascist Fascist Party Party (Italy), (Italy), loses loses members, members, 510. 510.

record record of, of, 461l'f. 461l'f. der, der, 365f; 365f; nature nature of, of, 725, 725, 882l'f. 882l'f.

Dewey, Dewey, Thomas, Thomas, on on Soviet Soviet Union, Union, 462; 462; 862f; 862f; In In Italy, Italy, 506f, 506f, 817f; 817f; women women un­

Dewey, Dewey, John, John, 471. 471. 888; 888; Dimitroff Dimitroff on, on, 886, 886, 887; 887; in in Brazil,. Brazil,.

1943 1943 election election in, in, 1096. 1096. Fascism, Fascism, and and Prussianism, Prussianism, 83l'f., 83l'f., 414l'f, 414l'f,

Detroit, Detroit, fifth fifth column column diversion diversion In, In, 698l'f; 698l'f; Farrell, Farrell, Tom, Tom, 660. 660.

760; 760; on on weakness weakness of of Germany, Germany, 267f. 267f. Union Union of of America, America, 1031. 1031.

Dennis, Dennis, Eugene, Eugene, Farmers Farmers Educational Educational correction correction and and to to July July Cooperative Cooperative article, article,

1133l'f; 1133l'f; reactionaries reactionaries In, In, 308. 308. culture. culture.

election, election, 1122ff; 1122ff; in in San San Francisco, Francisco, nomic nomic of, of, prablems prablems 237; 237; see see also also Agri­

in in New New York, York, 1107; 1107; in in Philadelphia Philadelphia Farmers, Farmers, and and national national eco- unity, unity, 934ff; 934ff;

election, election, 1117f; 1117f; in in New New Jersey, Jersey, 950; 950; Farmer-Labor Farmer-Labor Party, Party, Labor Labor see see Party. Party.

649; 649; in in Civil Civil War, War, 137!; 137!; in in Cleveland Cleveland Farm Farm prices, prices, 63l'f. 63l'f.

608; 608; defeatists defeatists in, in, 143f; 143f; in in California, California, Farm Farm Bureau Bureau Federation, Federation, 936. 936.

1944 1944 election, election, 1100f; 1100f; attempts attempts to to split, split, Farm Farm bloc, bloc, 454, 454, 608, 608, 938. 938.

429; 429; and and 1943 1943 elections, elections, 109lf; 109lf; and and Farley, Farley, James James A., A., 429f, 429f, 1106f, 1106f, 1121f. 1121f.

Democratic Democratic Pa'.rty, Pa'.rty, and and Chicago Chicago election, election, Far Far East, East, 101. 101.

Democratic Democratic Christian Christian Party Party (Italy), (Italy), 818l'f. 818l'f. 42f, 42f, 132, 132, 645. 645.

history, history, Fair Fair 824l'f. 824l'f. Employment Employment Practices Practices Committee, Committee,

Communist Communist position position on, on, 385i 385i in in U.S. U.S. 928, 928, 1099. 1099.

Democracy, Democracy, and and defense defense Of Of nation, nation, 143; 143; must must be be abolished, abolished, 644, 644, 594l'f, 594l'f, 626, 626,

Deith, Deith, Harry, Harry, Factionalism, Factionalism, 947. 947. at at U.A. U.A. W. W. convention, convention, 1016; 1016;

de de Gaulle, Gaulle, Charles, Charles, 114l'f, 114l'f, 207, 207, 645f. 645f.

viduals viduals and and organizations. organizations. Excess Excess profits, profits, recapture recapture of, of, 23f, 23f, 230. 230.

Appeasers; Appeasers; names names of of particular particular Indi­ Errata, Errata, 760, 760, 1170. 1170.

vs. vs. trade trade 418; 418; union union on on the the unity, unity, state, state, 780; 780; 213, 213, see see 695. 695. also also

686; 686; vs. vs. Int'l Int'l trade trade union union unity, unity, 989f; 989f; Prussianism, Prussianism, 83ff, 83ff, 421; 421; on on revolutions. revolutions.

127!, 127!, 134, 134, 244, 244, 303l'f, 303l'f, 600f, 600f, 608, 608, 614l'f, 614l'f, Engels, Engels, on on Lewis Lewis Henry Henry Morgan, Morgan, 416; 416; on on

bourbons bourbons and, and, 240f; 240f; tactics tactics of, of, 107, 107, Employment, Employment, stabilization stabilization of, of, 23. 23.

routed routed by by U.A.W., U.A.W., 1007f; 1007f; southern southern Eliot, Eliot, George George Fielding, Fielding, ·702. ·702.

143f, 143f, 160f, 160f, 884; 884; political political strength, strength, 230; 230; Elections, Elections, see see 19 19 44 44 elections. elections.

In In Ohio, Ohio, 663l'f; 663l'f; in in Republican Republican Party, Party, Eighteen-year-old Eighteen-year-old vote, vote, 324f, 324f, 794. 794.

l43f; l43f; in in Massachusetts Massachusetts industry, industry, 1053; 1053; Eight-hour Eight-hour day, day, 403, 403, 406. 406.

611'!, 611'!, 110, 110, 484, 484, 712l'f; 712l'f; 623, 623, in in 642, 686. 686. 642, Democratic Democratic Party, Party,

1168f; 1168f; in in Chicago, Chicago, 425l'f; 425l'f; In In Con~ress, Con~ress, Ehrlich-Alter Ehrlich-Alter conspiracy, conspiracy, 399, 399, 417, 417, 471, 471,

160l'f, 160l'f, 777, 777, 882f; 882f; in in A. A. F. F. of of L., L., 619l'f, 619l'f, Education, Education, in in the the U.S.S.R., U.S.S.R., 985. 985.

Sovietism Sovietism of, of, 389; 389; can can be be routed, routed, 29, 29, Edmundson, Edmundson, Ray, Ray, 427. 427.

803; 803; anti-nationalism anti-nationalism of, of, 143f; 143f; anti­ Edison, Edison, Gov., Gov., 946. 946. \ \

266; 266; and and youth youth movement, movement, 328, 328, ~rram, ~rram, Edge, Edge, Walter, Walter, 949, 949, 1138!. 1138!.

270; 270; and and poll poll tax, tax, 452; 452; and and tax tax pro­ Economic Economic stablllzatlon, stablllzatlon, problems problems of, of, 229l'f. 229l'f.

elections, elections, 1098; 1098; and and peace peace maneuvers, maneuvers, 12, 12, 55, 55, 126f, 126f, 238. 238.

Moscow Moscow Conference, Conference, 1089; 1089; and and 1943 1943 F. F. of of L., L., 126; 126; Pepper-Kilgore Pepper-Kilgore bill bill and, and,

Defeatists Defeatists and and coal coal strike, strike, and and 63~l'f; 63~l'f; ·Economic ·Economic planning, planning, 11l'f; 11l'f; demanded demanded by by A. A.

Debarge, Debarge, Charles, Charles, 124. 124. Ebone, Ebone, Felix, Felix, 646f. 646f. . .

Dawson, Dawson, William William L., L., 468. 468. East East European European Federation, Federation, 913l'f. 913l'f.

Davis, Davis, Chester, Chester, 116. 116.

Davis, Davis, Benjamin, Benjamin, 1093, 1093, 1096f, 1096f, 1183f. 1183f. du du Pont, Pont, Lammot, Lammot, Gl, Gl, 127. 127.

Davies, Davies, Joseph Joseph E., E., 964. 964. Dunn, Dunn, James, James, 208. 208.

Davenport, Davenport, R. R. N., N., 349. 349. Sovietism Sovietism of, of, 400, 400, 484. 484.

Dalmatia, Dalmatia, 69. 69. 638l'f; 638l'f; and and Thomas Thomas Dewey, Dewey, 467; 467; anti­

Daladler, Daladler, 983. 983. fairs, fairs, 469; 469; and and Social Social DemoCJ"ats, DemoCJ"ats,

1176 1176 INDEX INDEX INDEX 1177

Fourth term for Roosevelt, 605, 1100, 1151. Green, Dwight, 425!. Fractions, see Communist Party and trade Green, Gilbert, on wage stabilization, HBf. unions; Factionalism. Green, William, and American Labor Franc tireurs, see Guerrtllas. Conference for International Atfairs,- France, and the war, 114tr; Committee of 469!; and Int'l trade union unity, 990; National Liberation, 1066; guerrilla on John L. Lewis, 1159; on Labor's warfare In, 123f, 1086; national unity support to war, 134, 528; on trade In, 118f; navy, 100; result of defeat of union unity, 899. people's front, 883f. · Gridley, Arnold B., 173. Franco-Prussian war, 214, 422. Grigorieff, Niklfor, 476. Frankensteen, Richard, 1010tr. Grogan, John, 947. Franklin, Benjamin, 825f. Gromyko, Ambassad'or, exchange of re­ Franks, Leonard P., · 1115!. marks with Roosevelt, 969tr. Frazier, Giles, 947. Guerrilla warfare, 102, 411, 495, 870, 108.6; Frederick II, 84. in Czechoslovakia, 373; in France, Frederick William III, 420. 123f; in Soviet Union, 185f; In Yugo­ Free Germany Committee, see Germany, slavia, 274tr. "National Committe'e for a Free Ger­ Guesde, Jules, 7f. many.'" French revolUtion, 214. Haas, Father, 1162. Frey, John P., 651. Hague, Frank, Com1nunist position on, Friedland, Jacob, 947. 946f, 1139, 1142. Fuller, J. F. C., 912. Hamilton, Alexander, 694. Hanley, Joseph, 1103f. Gallacher, W!lllam, 364. Hansborough, H. H., 349. Gallup poll, 714. . Harlem, N. Y., 179. Gavagan, Joseph A., 458. Harrison, George M., 471. Genoa Conference, 919. Harter, George, 6 53. Georgia, in Civil War, 242; poll tax in, Hartford Convention, 135. 456. Haskell, William, 1093, 1103ff. German National People's Party, 177. Hastie, William, 318. Germany, agriculture in, 187; anti-fascist Hawkes, Albert W., 945. activity in, 104, 178ff; army losses, Hearst, William Randolph, 461. 1072f; army's lowered fighting spirit, Hegel, and Prussianism, 420; Marx on, 103ff; cannot wage protracted war, 420. 682; crisis in, 573f, 972; debate on Held, Adolph, 477. guilt of/ 722; development of fascism Henderson, Leon, 304. in, 885ff; effects of Moscow Confer­ Herve, Gustave, 215. ence ori, 1088; exploitation of occupied High School Victory Corps, 322. countries, 116f, 187; foreign policy be­ Hillman, Sidney, 638, 785, 1150. fore the war, 259, 918; losses of, 294, Hindus, Maurice, 352f, 984. 675ff; National Committee for a Free Historic documents, letters exchanged by Germany, 806ff, 886; peace maneuvers, Roosevelt and Kalinin (Oct. 1933), 266tr, 602; Prussianism in, 83ff, 414tr, 966f; letters exchanged by Roosevelt 888; revolution of 1848, 824f; size of and Lltvinov (Cl<>t. 11!33), 967f. army on Soviet front, 1073; tenth an­ Historical materialism, L. H. Morgan and, niversary of Reichstag fire, 358:ff, 881, 416; see also Marxism.. 892; war aims of, 181!. History, .Jefferson on, 332. Gideonse, Harry, 471. "History of the C.P.S.U.," on Polish re­ Gift taxes, 256, 1038. actionaries, 517; on war, 212. Giraud, Henri, 207. Hitler, ·and insurrection in U.S., 702: on Glass, Carter, 465. German program, 266; prestige in Goering, Hermann, 269, 358. Germany shaken, 806. Golden, Clinton S., 471. Hobbs, Sam, 454. Goldini, Giovanni, 598. Hoffman, Clare, 53. Goss, Albert s .. 936. Home front, Browder on, 711f; importance Government, Madison on, 693l'f'; expendi- of, 579trr 873; in Great Britain, 9'58; tures, 232. labor's tasks on, 777f; problems of, Graham, Geraldine, 352. 716; U.A.W. convention on, 1008f. Grandi, Dino, 505. Homestead act, 830.. Granger, Lester, 43. Hook, Sidney, 471. Gray, Wood, 135. Hoover, Herbert, 204, 230, 270; diversion­ Great Britain, Communist Party mani­ ist activities, 110; opposes second festo, 957ft; foreign pOlicy before the front, 412; vs. national unity, 833f. war, 918; Indian policy, 377f; labor Horner, Arthur, 364. movement In, 6211', 753tr; production HousewiVes, in the Party, 540; see -also decentralized in, '18; relations ·with wo1ne.n. Finland (1940), 367; relations with Housing, 46, 302. Ireland, 285; relations with U.S.A., Howard, Roy, 689. 872; relations with U.S.S.R., 662ft; so­ Hull, Cordell, 208, 262. cial insurance In, 168tr, 758, 768ff; "L'Humanite," 115. wages in, 236, 754; see also Anglo­ Hungary, 676!; confiicts with Rumania, Soviet-American Coalition. 914; internal crisis, 104; relations with. Greece, Moscow Conference and, 1066; Italy, 60. cuer.rilla warfare in, 102. Hutcheson, William, 615, 780, 1150.

wars," wars," "national "national on on 130; 130; monopoly, monopoly, 794. 794. 707, 707, delinquency, delinquency, Juvenile Juvenile

on on 215; 215; fatherland, fatherland, on on 840; 840; power, power, 1055. 1055. disputes, disputes, Jurisdictional Jurisdictional

dual. dual. on on 846f; 846f; class, class, revolutionary revolutionary ariy ariy Yugoslavia. Yugoslavia. see see Jugoslavia, Jugoslavia,

of of dictatorship dictatorship on on 1021; 1021; International, International, 937. 937. Marvin, Marvin, Jones, Jones,

Second Second of of collapse collapse on on 845; 845; Bukharin, Bukharin, 56. 56. Hiram, Hiram, Johnson, Johnson,

on on 824; 824; revolution, revolution, Am.erican Am.erican on on Lenin, Lenin, 116f. 116f. 1095, 1095, Arnold, Arnold, Johnson, Johnson,

162f. 162f. aid, aid, Lend-lease Lend-lease Setnitism. Setnitism.

859. 859. Costa, Costa, Leite, Leite, Anti- also also see see 208; 208; Africa, Africa, North North in in Jews, Jews,

881ft. 881ft. 358f, 358f, trial, trial, Leipzig Leipzig 638f. 638f. among, among, unity unity 1115; 1115;

election, election, Cleveland Cleveland 471. 471. and and Algernon, Algernon, people, people, Lee, Lee, Jewish Jewish

1031. 1031. Shoppers, Shoppers, Women Women qf qf League League 475ft. 475ft. 399, 399, Committee, Committee, Labor Labor Jewish Jewish

729. 729. Canada, Canada, of of Defense Defense the the for for League League 1027. 1027. J., J., V. V. Jerome, Jerome,

338f. 338f. agent," agent," 1121. 1121. A., A., "foreign "foreign as as Guy Guy Leader, Leader, nounced nounced

de­ was was 1116. 1116. 401f; 401f; 1111ff, 1111ff, treason, treason, Frank, Frank, on on 6941f; 6941f; Lausche, Lausche, state, state,

the the 421. 421. on on 339f; 339f; unity, unity, Lassalle, Lassalle, national national on on 333; 333; ~"'erdinand, ~"'erdinand,

interests, interests, 478. 478. national national J., J., on on Harold Harold 335; 335; Laski, Laski, Napoleon, Napoleon,

on on 332; 332; history, history, on on 332ft; 332ft; of, of, nial nial 426ft. 426ft. John, John, Lapp, Lapp,

bicenten­ on on notes notes 830f; 830f; on, on, Browder Browder 1133. 1133. Roger, Roger, Lapham, Lapham,

837f; 837f; 560. 560. .government, .government, 515, 515, Oscar, Oscar, change change to to Lange, Lange, people people

of of right right 1054. 1054. and and J., J., 825f; 825f; Thomas Thomas Thomas, Thomas, Lane, Lane, Jefferson, Jefferson,

884. 884. M,, M,, Alfred Alfred Landon. Landon. 499. 499. strate.gy, strate.gy,

Nations Nations 472. 472. United United in in W.. W.. place place Harry Harry 80; 80; Laidler, Laidler, smashed, smashed,

be be mUst mUst 53; 53; of, of, 401. 401. use use case, case, appeasers' appeasers' Japan, Japan,

'Ehrlich-Alter 'Ehrlich-Alter and and Fiorello, Fiorello, Guardia, Guardia, La La 498. 498. Edwin, Edwin, James, James,

857f. 857f. Fernando, Fernando, Lacerda, Lacerda, 1111f. 1111f. Perry, Perry, Jackson, Jackson,

756. 756. and, and, unions unions trade trade 757ff; 757ff; ference, ference,

con­ 757ft; 757ft; 361ft. 361ft. Party, Party, Communist Communist 104. 104.

and and 70; 70; of, of, Britain), Britain), weakness weakness (Great (Great 908f; 908f; Party Party toward, toward, Labour Labour policy policy U.S. U.S.

1079; 1079; on, on, Stalin Stalin 675ff; 675ff; 604. 604. of. of. 427, 427, reverses reverses 60; 60;

Illinois, Illinois, in in League, League, Hungary, Hungary, with with Non-Partisan Non-Partisan relations relations Labor's Labor's 499; 499; vaded, vaded,

in­ 164. 164. be be must must committees, committees, 1079; 1079; Victory Victory 1066, 1066, Labor Labor 1060f, 1060f, and, and,

problem. problem. Manpower Manpower Conference Conference see see Moscow Moscow shortages, shortages, 1086; 1086; in, in, Labor Labor rillas rillas

guer­ 176; 176; 1050. 1050. Axis, Axis, 538, 538, _from _from 110, 110, break break boards, boards, to to desire desire

government government on on 573f; 573f; 303ft, 303ft, in, in, representation representation crisis crisis 58ft; 58ft; Labor Labor crosm;oads, crosm;oads,

953ft. 953ft. festo, festo, the the at at 507; 507; destroyed, destroyed, Union Union viet viet

mani­ Canada, Canada, So­ of of In In Party Party army army 181ft; 181ft; of, of, Labor-Progressive Labor-Progressive people people the the to to

appeal appeal 972; 972; 697. 697. on, on, 19ft, 19ft, U.S., U.S., In In ag.reement ag.reement 984; 984; American American

AnglocSoviet­ 903ft; 903ft; 876, 876, war, war, Union, Union, th!> th!> Soviet Soviet and and productivity, productivity, Labor Labor in~ in~

784. 784. 603ft, 603ft, now, now, 816(1'; 816(1'; formed formed be be downfall, downfall, not not should should Mussolini's Mussolini's after after Italy, Italy,

822. 822. U.S., U.S., 946f; 946f; the the in in Jersey, Jersey, New New Italians Italians in in rejected rejected Party, Party, Labor Labor

832. 832. history, history, U.S. U.S. in in 818. 818. parties, parties, Libera," Libera," Labor Labor Ultalia Ultalia .. ..

. . 720 720 795. 795. and, and, youth youth Isolationists, Isolationists, 891f; 891f; 537, 537, 388, 388, 177f, 177f, of, of,

1104. 1104. Stanley, Stanley, responsibilities responsibilities Isaacs, Isaacs, 1061ff; 1061ff; Massachusetts, Massachusetts,

217f. 217f. in in in, in, 286; 286; question question Ireland, Ireland, In In 62ft; 62ft; Britain, Britain, In In 832; 832;

national national 285ft'; 285ft'; war, war, the the and and Ireland, Ireland, democracy, democracy, to to contributions contributions 902; 902; 874f, 874f,

596. 596. (song), (song), "Internationale'' "Internationale'' 400f, 400f, 158ft, 158ft, front, front, second second and and 600ft; 600ft;

415. 415. elections, elections, 1944 1944 and and movement, movement, l.J3.bor l.J3.bor

Association, Association, Men's Men's Working Working International International 287. 287. Ireland, Ireland, in in 166; 166; Britain, Britain, In In 778; 778;

1001. 1001. 991, 991, Workers, Workers, Smelter Smelter 488, 488, 24ft, 24ft, commitees, commitees, Labor-management Labor-management

and and Mill Mill Mine,- o:f" o:f" Union Union International International 755ft. 755ft. Day, Day, Labor Labor

international. international. unity, unity, union union 783. 783. (periodical), (periodical), "Labor" "Labor"

Trade Trade see see unity, unity, union union trade trade International International

638f. 638f. 635f,' 635f,' Union, Union, 1071!. 1071!. of, of, battle battle Kursk, Kursk,

Workers Workers Garment Garment Ladies Ladies International International 709. 709. 7115, 7115, 702, 702, 644, 644, Klan, Klan, Klux Klux Ku Ku

991. 991. Union, Union, 413. 413. AleXander, AleXander, Korneichuk, Korneichuk,

Workers Workers Leather Leather and and Fur Fur International International 775. 775. Labor, Labor, of of Knights Knights

· · 31. 31. and, and, building building 947. 947. Robert, Robert, Kirkpatrick, Kirkpatrick,

party party 1076; 1076; Union, Union, Soviet Soviet in in Intellectuals, Intellectuals, 1023ff. 1023ff. Freda, Freda, Kirchwey, Kirchwey,

699. 699. and, and, riots riots Insurrection, Insurrection, 733. 733. MacKenzie, MacKenzie, King, King,

Prices. Prices. also also see see 231tf; 231tf; Inflation, Inflation, 1028. 1028. Harold, Harold, King, King,

149. 149. Journal," Journal," "'Infantry "'Infantry 238. 238. 126f, 126f, 55, 55, 12, 12, bill, bill, Kilgore-Pepper Kilgore-Pepper

1053. 1053. 991, 991, America, America, of of Workers Workers ing ing 976. 976. of, of, battle battle Kharkov, Kharkov,

Shipbuild- and and Marine Marine of of Union Union Industrial Industrial 723. 723. M., M., J. J. Keynes, Keynes,

21. 21. 3 3 training, training, Industrial Industrial 354. 354. Hill, Hill, Betty Betty Kerr, Kerr,

625. 625. Party, Party, the the In In sections, sections, Industrial Industrial 242. 242. War, War, Civil Civil In In Kentucky, Kentucky,

· · 392. 392. question, question, 65, 65, 1128. 1128. R., R., Frank Frank Kent, Kent,

independence independence 377ff; 377ff; on, on, resolution resolution 425ft. 425ft. Edward, Edward, Mayor Mayor Kelly, Kelly,

India India of of C'.P. C'.P. 218; 218; war, war, the the and and India, India, 352. 352. Paul, Paul, Kellog, Kellog,

445. 445. In, In, defects defects Nos., Nos., Index Index 7f. 7f. Karl, Karl, Kautsky, Kautsky,

1031ff. 1031ff. 254, 254, taxes, taxes, Income Income 812. 812. Rudolf, Rudolf, Katz, Katz,

1038. 1038. distribution, distribution, Income, Income, 560. 560. Professor, Professor, Karpinski, Karpinski,

1049. 1049. 1010ff, 1010ff, 1082. 1082. 1943), 1943), 7, 7, (Nov. (Nov. to to greetings greetings

898, 898, 778, 778, 622, 622, 587f, 587f, 488ft, 488ft, wages, wages, Incentive Incentive Roosevelt's Roosevelt's 966f; 966f; 1933), 1933), (Oct. (Oct. velt, velt,

848f. 848f. 825, 825, of, of, role role Ideology, Ideology, Roose­ to to letter letter 969; 969; 1943), 1943), 4, 4, (July (July

529. 529. Harold, Harold, ~ekes, ~ekes, Roosevelt• Roosevelt• to to greetings greetings Mikhail, Mikhail, Kallnin, Kallnin,

1178 1178 INDEX INDEX INDEX 1179

842; on working class, 215; on revo­ Massachusetts, problems of Iabo.r ~ in, lutionary order, 9; on the state, 839; 1051ff. on strikes, 586; .reminiscences of, 4ff; May Day, 786; Communist Party mani­ review or "Lenin on the Agrarian festo, 387ff; Stalin's Order of the Day, Question," 1851t; 73rd anniversary of 572ff. birth, 562ff. Mead, James, 401. Lerner, Max, 1023ff. Medalie, George Z., 461. Lewandowski, John, ll15f. Messersmith, 259. Lewis, Alfred Baker, 476. Mexicans, attacks on in Los Angeles, 583. Lewis, John L., 486, 1053; A. F. of L. Michigan, Party recruiting in, 342ff. convention and, 1157ff; and coal Middleton, Hurley, 947. strike, 493, 528ff; and New Jersey Middle classes and the war, 88ff, 934; in election, 946; and 1944 elections, 646; Germany, 886. and wage problem, 235; forces in Mikhailovich, Drazha, 277ff, 357f. California, 651; leads insurrection Mikhoels, Solomon, 784, 984. against war effort,- 6 8 2ff; record of, Militarism, Communist view of, 843. 532f; U.A.W. convention and, 1006ff; Military Strategy, see Coalition warfare; U.S. "no-strike" policy, 898. Red Army; Second front; World war. Liberal Party (Italy), 818ff. Mil ton, George Fort, 13 8. Liebknecht, Wilhelm, 215. Milwaukee, local elections in, 603. Lima, Pedro Motta, 859. Minkoff, Isaiah, 477. Lincoln, and Fifth Column, 135ff; letter to "Mission to Moscow" (movie), ~54, 745. First International, 415; Marx's letter Mobile, riots In, 698ff. to, 246f; on right of people to change Moffat, A., 364. ' government, 837!. Molotov, V. M., on Poland, 517f. 'Lippmann, Walter, 523f, 832!. Monopolies, in Canada, 956: see also Big Little, John, 347, 541. business. Little Steel wage formula, ZHff, H8ff. Monopoly capitalism, 130f. Litvinov, M. M., letter to Roosevelt, Oct. Moore-Braba:~:on, 69, 774. 1933, 967f. Morgan, Lewis Henry, 416, 694f. uLondon Times," 414. Morgenthau, Henry, 250, 1032. L<>ftus, E. M., 349. Morris, Leslie, 727. L<>ngo, Luigi, 507. Morrison, Herbert, 759. Los Angeles, local election in, 660; riots Moscow Conference, 963; and national in, 583, 698ff. unity, 1063ff; Browder on, 1059ff; doc­ Louisiana, in Civil War, 242. uments of, 1066ff; uizvestia" on, 972ff; Loveland, Charles, 1121. · results of, 1166ff; see ~also Anglo-So- Luce, Clare Booth, 271, 437f, 793. viet-American coalition. Luxemburg, Rosa, 842. Moslem League, 381. Lyons, Thomas, 407. Muller, Felinto, 856. Mulzac, Hugh, 43. Munich betrayal, 262, 734, 886ff. Maas, Melvin, 53. Municipal ele.ctions, 603; in California. McAvoy, Clifford, 997. 650. McClellan, George B .. 139!, 220, 245. Murphy, Robert, 208, 690. McCormick, Robert Hall, 515. Murphy, Vincent J., 785, 944, 946, 1138f. McCorvey, Gessner T., 243. Murray, James E., 743f. :McGuire, Peter J., 775. Murray, Philip, on incentive wages, 898; McKeough, Raymond, s .. 426. on int'l trade union unity, 406, 991; McKibbin, 425ff. on trade union polihlcal activity, &-14; MacLeish, James, 947. on strikes, 628; should be sup­ McNary, Charles F., 456. ported, 487. McNutt, Paul V., 1049. Mussolini, and Italian cabinet shift, 6~5; MacPhee, Chester, 1134. after downfall of Italy, 816ff. Madison, James, on government, 6§3ff. Myshuha, Luke, 476. Magnusson, Warren G., 458. Maloney, William P., 304. Nagler, Isidore, 992f. Manpower, Negroes and, 38ff, 349; prob- Napoleon, Jefferson on, 335. lems of, 15l'l, 133, 230, 348l'l, 1041ff. Napoleon II, 86. lfarcantonio, Vito. 458. "Nation" (pei-lodical), 1024. March on Washington movement, 639, 643. National Agricultural Mobilization Com­ Marinello, Juan, 762, 768. mittee, 942. Market, not significant in wa.r, 232.. National Association for the Advancement Martin, Lucy, 516. of Colored People, 646, 1031. 1\Iarty, Andre, 207. National Association of Manufacturers, 28, Marx, Karl, 420; and national wars·, 2llff; 51, 127f, 427, 894. letter to Llncoln, 246f; on American National Catholic Welfare Conference, civil war, 142, 217, 219f, 3401'1'; on 1063. Franco-Prussian war, .t22; on ·Hegel's National Committee for a Free Germany, dialectics, 420; on McClellan, 220; on 806ff, 886: nationalism, 212; on Prussianism, 83ff; National Committee to Abolish the Poll on slavery in U.S.A., 240ff; on U.S. Tax, 458. history, 828f. National Council of Negro Youth, 326. Marxism vs. Prussianism, 41lff. National Federation iiltndents (Brazil), Marxism-Leninism, 47ff, 825, 848f. 861. 1180 INDEX

National front, In Great Britain, 62f, 363; Social-Democracy In, 633. In Germany, 176tf; In Italy, 182, 906; "New York Times," and dissolution of should be consolidated, UB; trade C. I., 1028; and second front, 438, 869, unions and, 779. 904; and Soviet-Polish relations, 013; National groups, and Cleveland elections, position on Soviet Union:, 402, 4:13, 1115; and 1943 elections, 1094. 745f; on inflation, 233. National Labor Relations Act, 306. "New York World-Telegram," 889. National Lawyers Guild, 1031. Newark, riots In, 698ff. National Maritime Union, 43, 991. Newspaper advertising, for party activi­ National Negro Congress, 646. ties, · 543. National Peace Movem.ent Conference Nlkolayeva, K. J., 166.. (Germany), 176. 1943 .elections, 1090; in Cleveland, llllff; National question, in Ireland, 217f. in New Jersey, 1138ff; in New York National service act '(proposed), 1041, City, ll03ff; in Philadelphia•. 1121ff; 1046, in San Francisco, 1133ff. National unity, and Moscow- Conference, 1944 election, 308, 746, 1056; California 1083ff; and 1944 electlone, 600; and and, 648ff; farmera and, 940; John L. war • aims,~ 436; Browder on, 934; Lewis and, 646; labor movement and, Communist Party and, 59lf; farmers GOOff, 1113; main issue, 5H9f; main and, 934ff; in Canada, 954; In Cuba, tasks in, 656; Moscow Confe.rence and, "164.; in Great Britain, 958; in France, 1090; Negro people and, -647; New 118f; in India, 380ff; In New Jersey, Jersey and, 1f44f; Philadelphia and, 944ff; Jefferson on. 339f; main task 1131f; preparation for, 93lfi San in U.S., 57·9; must be strengthened, Francisco and, 1135f; victory aiid, 1141; Negroes and, 221; Party build­ 699ff. ing and, 31; prerequisite for victory, ..Nineteenth Century and After" (periodi­ 610ff; reactionaries vs., .~. 313; threat cal), 913. to, 614f; white collar workers and, 93. North Africa, 120ff, 483; political situation National War Labor Board, 21f, 443, 645. in, 201ff, 207ff; victory in, 495ff. National wars, see War. North Carolina, in Civil War, 242. National Women's Trade Union League, 'Norway, guerrilla warfa.re in, 102. 1031. ·'· "Nostra Voce," 818. National Workers League, 702, 705, 709. Nurseries, 361f. National Youth Advisory Committee, 328. Nye, Gerald P., 55, 159. ~ations, self-determination of,. 216, 418, 984 .. Oakland, Calif., local elections in, 650. Nazi atrocities, :t09, 397, 1077; Moscow Occupational training, 321. Conference on, 106lf, 1067, 1069. October revolution, see Sov:iet power; Nedlch, General; 277f. U.S.S.R. Negro Freedom Rally, 642ff. O'Daniel, Lee w., 454. Negro Labor Victory Committee, 642f, 779. Office of War Mobilization (proposed), Negro people, and Cleveland election, 13ff. 1114f; and 1943 election, 1093f, 1097; Officer Candidate Schools, 152f. and Philadelphia election, 1130f; and Ohio, fight against defeatism, 653ff. fight on poll tax, 457; and national Qrel, battle of, 684, 975f. unity, 221; defeatists' attack on, 305; eff.ect of war on, 647f; youth, 320, "PM," 10:14. 329f, 803; African leaders support de Pace bill (farm prices), 237. Gaulle, 645f; A. F. of L. and, 45, Pacific Coast Metal Trades Confere:nce, 1162f; and manpower problems, 38ff, 651. . 349; chief victims of riots, 583, 699; Pacitlsm, 90, 847f. C.I.O. and, 45f, 1153f; in army, 46, Paine, Thomas, 825f. 152f; in Chicago election, 425ff; in the Papwe>rth, A. F., 364. Party, 31, 344, 540, 832, 925; in trade Parker, Ralph, 613. unions, 41; railroads discriminate "Parola del Soldata" (newspaper), 818. against, 44f; U.A.W. convention action Partido Revolucionario Cubano, 761. on, 1009; see also March-on-Washing­ Party building, see Communist Party, re- ton movement. cruitfng. ..Neue Volkzeitung," 812. Patterson, Robert P., 1008. New Jersey, 1943 elections in, 1092, 1138ff; Pavlichenko, Ludmila, 985. politics, 7i5; struggle for unity in, "Peace" maneuvers, 266ff, 412, 502, 987; 944ff. in U.S. Civil War, 135ff. ''New Leader," 489, 1063. Peasantry, In India, 382. ,New. members, see Communist Party, Pegler, Westbrook, 704, 889. branch work. Pelley, William Dudley, 307. "New Republic," 1024. "People's committees," in Czechoslovakia, New School for Social Research, 635. 374. ''New World" (periodical), 1063. People's Committee of Harlem, 642f. New York City, 1943 elections In, 1103ff. "People's Voice" (newspaper), 33. "New York Daily News/' 811; and Mos- Pepper-Kilgm'e bill, 12, 55, 126f, 238. cow Conference, 1063; and si'ze of Peri, Gabriel, 124. army, 146ff, 270, 412, 683. Petrova, Zoya, 985. "New York Herald Tribune," 199f, 745. Philadelphia, 1943 elections In, 1094f, "New York Post," 1024. 1121rt. New York State, political attitudes, 466; "Philadelphia Evening Bulletin," 1123. INDEX 1181

"Philadelphia Inquirer," 1123. 518f; kept Hitler forces from Italy, Piece rates, 20. 906; Roosevelt tribute to, 291; Stalin Pleck, William, 810. on, 574f, 987; strategy, 233ft, 9751I; Plekhanov, George, 47. twenty-fifth anniversary, 292ff; sue­ Poland, anti-Sovietism of government-in­ cesses hearten Yugoslavs, 276. exile, 3~6tr, 513fT, 914f; guerrilla war­ Red-baiting, 338; absent from U.A.W. fare In, 102, 1086; relations with convention, 1009:t; among white-cOllar U.S.S.R., 313, 394tr, 413, 483; terri­ workers, 92; at A. F. of L. convention, torial claims, 72 2f. 991; Browder on, 544f; Hitler's secret Poles in the U.S., 554, 559f. weapon, 198ft; in Brazil, 854f; i:a: Police, anti-Negro brutality, 703. Canada, 729ff; in Cleveland election, Political education, In U.S. army, 1481'f. 1117; in Congress, 63, 56; in Great Political prisoners; In North Africa, 202, Britain, 70; in New Jersey elections, 205f, 208. 1139, 1144; in youth movement, 327f; Poll tax, 31, 53; campaign against, 452:l'f, Party's task in defeating, 611; unions 715. must fight, 617; youth cartnot be neu­ Pollitt, Harry, 364, 7 59 f. tral on. 804. Pope, Generoso, 822. Reichstag fire, tenth anniversary, 358tf., Post-war world, 795f; and plan for East 892. European; Federation, 914; and United Reilly, George, 1133. Nations, 336t; and war aims, 437; Republican Party, and 1944 electio11, C.I.O. and, 1154; discussion of, 720ft; 1100f; defeatists in, 143f, 160f, G91. labor and, 892, 900; Moscow Confer­ 884; In Chicago election, 426; In New ence and, 973, 1060, 1084f, 1087!; reac­ Jersey elections, 1139f; in 78th Con­ tionary, view of, 307, 437f; trade union gress,. 51tf; reactionaries in, 308; Will­ unity and, 880; Stalin on, 1080; Will­ kie forces within, 607f. k!e and, 566, 570. Potofsky, Jacob, 995!. ~:~~~:~: ~~}~.,";, ~~~. 488tr, 535, is5, 1001, "Pravda," on Soviet-Polish relations, 621. 1010f. Presidential elections, see 1944 elections. Revel, Taon de, 505. Prestes, Luis Carloa, 659, 857, 859. Revolutions, Engels on, 418. Price control, 231ff; in Ireland, 28'1; see Reynolds, Robert, 713. also Rat!qnlng. Ribar, Ivan, 282. Production, see Battle for production. Riccardi (Italian minister), 506. Production committees, see Labor-m·an­ Ricci (Italian minister), 506. agement committees. Rlckenbacker, Edward, 317, 467. Productivity of labor, In Soviet Union, 876, Riesel, Victor, 1105. 984; in U.S., 19:l'f, 897. ' Rfeve, Emil, 1066. Professional workers, and 1943 elections, Riga treaty, 616. 1093; Party-building and, 31; and the Riots, and defeatist activities, 689; In De­ war, 88:l'f; In the Party, 640. troit, 698ft; In Los Angeles,, 583, Profiteering, 162, 448, 530. 698:l'f. Profits, Increase In, 250, 1039. Rochester, Anna, uLenin on the Agraria• Proletariat, see Working class. Question" (rev.), 1851'f. Proportional Representation, 1105. Rockclltre, Percy, 173. Prussianism, Marx and Engels on, 8311; Rogo:l'f, H!llel, 473f. Marxism vs., 411ft. Roosevelt administration, and farmers, Puerto Rico, need for independence, 392. 941f; and working class, 486; attempts to weaken, 303, 401; C.I.O. and. Quebec Conference, 867. 1096f; foreign policy, 261; should fol­ Quill, Michael J., 1104. low bolder course, llO_f; weaknesr;es Race conlllcts, 644. in, 201, 310, 413!, 716. "Race" riots, see Riots. Roosevelt, Eleanor, 160. Radio programs, in Party work, 543. Roosevelt, Franklin D., acknowledges con­ Railroad Brotherhoods, 45, 782:l'f; and In- gratulations of Stalin and Chiang ternational trade union unity, 991, Kal-shek, 576; and coal strike, 538; 1001. and fifth column, 135tr, 144; and na­ Railroads, discriminate against Negroes, tional unity, 202f; and recognition of 44!. Soviet Union, 964; attacks on, 533f, Rand School, 6 3 4. 711, 873, 1098; C.I.O. ,support tor, Randolph, A. Phil!p, 639, 1163. 717; budget message, 251f; exchange Rankin, John, 454, 705. of remarks with Ambassador Gro­ Rapallo Agreement, 919f. myko (Oct. 4, 1943), 9691I; greetings Rapp-Coudert committee, 467. to Kal!nin (Nov. 7, 1942), 969; greet­ Rationing, 27f, 231!, 2o2f, 530; In Ireland, ings to Kalinin (Nov. 7, 1943). 1082; 287. letter to Kalinin (Oct. 1933), S66; let­ Raw materials, and production, 14f. ter to Lltvlnov (Oct. 1933), 967; mes­ Reactionary offensive, 30ltr: sage to Congress, 157ff; on war aims, Reconstruction (1939-), see Post-war 436; on youth, 324; support for re­ world. election of, 605; tribute to Stalin and Recreation, trade unions and, 322. Soviet people, 195; fribute to Red Red Army, achievements, 99, 157f, 675, Army, 291; weaknesses of, 895. 874f, 963, 975tl', 1071f; C.P.U.S.A. Roselius, Christian, 243. greetings to, 196f; holds initiative•. Rosenberg, 85. f81f; in Balti!l countries (1930-40), Rowe, Ed, 653. 1182 INDEX

Rumania, 676ff; conflicts with Hungary, elections, 1124, 1129; and third party, 914; crisis in, 104. 603, 784; disruptive activities, 390; Du­ Russian War Relief, 744, 786. binsky wing of, 633ff; vs. lnt'l trade Rutledge, .Justice. 690. union unity, 989f, 99811; see also names Ryan, .Joseph, 1044. ot individual Social-Democrats and or­ ganizations. Sabotage, anti•fascist, 122!, 179, 372f; Social-Democratic Federation, 473f. condemned by Indian Communists, Social-Democratic Party of Germany, 177, 378. 886, 888. St. Laurent, Louis, 729, 733, 739f. ,Social insurance, in Great Britain, 168ft, Salaries, 90; see also Wage& 758, 768ff. Salerno, 889. Social security tax~s. 256. Salerno, .Joseph, 1055. Social science, and the war, 471f. Sales tax, 162, 1039. Social Security taxes, 1033f. Samuel, Bernard, 1123ff. Socialism, economic planning! for war is San Diego, local elections In, 6 50. not, 129f; Labor Progressive Party of San Francisco, local election in, 603, 6&0, Canada on, 965. 1095, 1133ff. Socialist Party of Italy, 818ff. Sardinia, 509. Socialist Party, U.S.A., on dissolution of Scanlon, Thomas E., 715. C. I .. 1022; on Moscow Conference, 1063. Scheduling of production, see Battle for Sojourner Truth Housing project, 541, 707. production; Economic planning. Somervell, Brehon, 982. Schlesinger, Emil, 476!. Southern Negro Youth Congress, 326, 647. Schneiderman, William. 826f; Supreme Southern states, anti-Negro discrimination, Court decision on, 68 8ff, 836ff. · 44; Democratic Paity in, 609; income Schuyler, George S., 646. in, 456; Marx and, 240ff; progressive Schweitzer, .Johann, 421. forces in, 647; Southern states, war Scott, .T. R .. 364. contracts in, 40f. Second front, and coalition warfare, 1004: Soviet-American agreement, 666ft'; see also and North African campaign, 302ff, U.S., relations with U.S.S.R. 496tr;· ba.ttle for production and, lOti; Soviet-German war, second anniversary of, British labor and, 65; Browder on, 889; 7 42ff; see also World war. C. P. of Great Britain on, 957; con­ Soviet Justice, 417. ditions ripe for, 101ft; consequences of Soviet power, results, 662; 26th anniver­ delay, 868f; definition of, 879; decisive sary, 963ff, 980ff. importance of. 106f, 210, 387f. 438, Soviet trade unions; see Trade unions, 77lff. 776; invasion of Italy Is not, 904; U.S.S.R., U.S.S.R. labor movement and, 158ff, 408, 874ff, Spain, Barcelona insurrection (May 1937). 902; Labor Progressive Party on, 953; 841; U.S. policy toward, 310. Moscow Conference and, 1059, 1066f, Spangler, Harrison E., 567. 1085; opposition to, 477; party building SPARS, 350. and, 31; a political problem, 685ff; Speed-up, 489. purpose of, 8 0. Stabilization, meaning of, 22; see also Second International, 1020ff. wages; rationing; economic planning. Segar, Gerhardt, 812. Stalin, C.P.U.S.A. greetings to, 196f; de­ Selbourne, Lord, 963. velops Marxian theory for state, 696f; Selective Service Board, 46; see also So- exposition of character of the war, cial Democracy. 48ff; foretold Hitler's home front dif­ Self-determination of nations, 216, 418, 9i4. ficulties, 808; May Day order of the Setnard, Pierre, 125. day, 572ff; leadershi!'l of, 101; on con­ Servicemen's Welfare Committees, 164f. trast between Hitlerism and democracy, Seven Point Economic Program, 111, 16lf, 216; on crisis in Germany and Italy, 311, 530. 503; on defense of nations, 219; Oft Sherman, William T., 846!. dissolution of C.I., 671, 731, 1019f; on Shipping. and second front, 498. guerrilla tactics, 185ff; on military Shirer, William, 412. strategy, 572; on Red Army, 987; on Shop stewards, 623, 1063, 1100. Soviet constitution, 186; on Soviet for­ Shvernik, N. M., 166. eign policy, 75f; on, Soviet-Polish re­ Sicily, 609, 684. 773. lations, 513ff; on Soviet strength, 266; Sikorski, Wladislaw, 412, 614, 621. on SOviet war aims, 273, 418; on tempo Silva, Benedicto, 860. of Soviet development, 981; on Tu­ Simivich, General, 275!. nisian victory, 576; reply to Roosevelt's Slavery, Marx on, in U.S.A., 240ff. greetings, 195, 291; Roosevelt's greet­ Slavic people in U.S., 552ff. ings to, 195; sixty-third birthday, 3; Slogans. May Day, 393. Small business enterprises, 18, 237. Willkie's impression of, 569f. Smathers, William H., 1138. Stalingrad, battle of, 195, 222ff, 268. 497, Smith-Connally act, 616, 618, 717, 783. 684, 875, 982, 1073. Smith, Howard, 464. Stampfer, Friedrich, 472, 812. Smith, Matthew, 491. Standley, Adm., 299. Smith, •rucker, 492f. Stanton, Edward, 1111f. Smolensk, battle of, 977. State, Communist position on, 695, 836f; Social-Democracy, and dissolution of~ C.I., development among American Indians, 1021f; and National Committee for a 694f; Engels on, 213, 695; .Jefferson on, Free Germany, 812; and Philadelphia 694ff; Lenin on, 839; Stalin on, 696f. INDEX 1183

State, County and Municipal Workers of tion, 946; women in, 353ft; see also America, 94, 991. names of unions and federations. State Department. see U.S. State Dep't. Trades and Labor Congress of Canada, 728. Steel, .Johannes, 622f. Trades Disputes Act (Great Britain), 755, Strikes, and defeatist insurrection, 483ft, 758, 959. 778; Browder on, 537; Com.munist po­ Trades Union Congress, and int'l trade sition on, 686f; in Brazil, 869; in coal union unity, 999, 1062, 1688; lifts ban industry, 493. 627; in France, 116; In on Communists, 1019. Italy, 611, 818; Lenin on, 686; no solu­ Trager, Frank, 477. tion, 20, 626; no-strike pledse. 618f, Transport and General Workers Union. 717, 898, 1007, 1148. 167. "Der Btuermer," 700. Transport Workers Union, 991. Sub-contracting, In Britain, 166. Treason, Jefferson on, 401f. Subsidies, for food production, 940; see Tresca, Carlo, 472. also Price Con trot ; rationing. Trotskyites, 128f, 471, 946, 1063, 1141. Suggestion boxes, 25. Turkey, obligations to Yugoslavia and Sumners, .Jesse, 159. Greece, 915 .. Sutherland, Arthur. 173. Sweeney, .John, 1114. Union of German Officers, 886. Sykes, ·wnrred, 128. U.S.S.R., aids Britain and U.S.. 748; and National Committee for a Free Ger­ Taganrog, battle of, 976. many, 808, 813; .Amer. tributes to, Tanner, .Jack, 167, 787, 9J)6f. 742ff; Bulwark of ,democracies, 408; Taxation, and the war, 248ff, 1030ff; C.I.O. constitution (excerpts), 186; democ­ on, 161f, 255ff. racy In, 423; foreign policy of, 75!; Tennessee, in civil war. 242. industrial gains, 876, 1075; relations Tennely, .Jack, 649. with Britain, 662ff; relations with Theory, see Ideology. .Japan, 80; relations with Poland, 394f, Thomas, Elbert, 64, 744, 986. 483, 513; relations with U.S., 200, 262!, Thomas,· Norman, on economic planning, 310, 336ft, 680ft, 665ff, 867f, 1163ft, 966ff, 128f; on Detroit riot, 706; sabotages 972ff, 985ff, 1090; Roosevelt tribute to, war effort, 491. 291; stability of, 1077; Stalin on 26th Thomas, R. .T .. 528, 709, 1008. anniversary, 107lff; struggle for peace Thompson, Dorothy, 520. before the war, 917fT; trade unions in, Three-power Conference, see Moscow Con- 994ft; 26th anniversary, 963ff, 980ft, ference. 1082; see also Anti-Sovietism; Red Timms, Josephine, 354. Army. Tolan Committee, 12, 126, 132. Union ·Revolucionaria Comunista, 7621f. Tolan-Kilgore-Pepper Bill, 12, 55, 126f, United Automobile Workers of Amerieap 238. 33, 43, 651, 728; and int'l trade union Toohey, Pat, 347, 541. unity, 991, 1001; 1943 convention, Trade union unity, 780; Amer. Fed. of 1005ff. Labor and, 163f, 312, 407, 891, 899; and United Church of Canada, 728. Chicago election, 430; and fight on United Electrical, RadiO ·& Machine Work­ poll tax, 459; and international affairs, ers, 21, 43, 354, 991, 1001, 1053. 470; and 1943 eleetlons, 1092f; and Unitedi Labor Victory Committees, in New post-war world, 880; and pressure on J·ersey, 94 7. Congress, 714ff; C.I.O. and, 1151; Dimi­ United Mine Workers of America, 627ff, troff on, 890; Importance of, 312, 619, 621f. 898f; In Britain, 756, 959; in Ohio, 655; United Nations, and post war reconstruc­ vs. Lewis disruption, 651f; Interna­ tion, 335f; and provisional govern­ tional, 165ff, 403ff, 786ff, 989ff, 1062, ments, 723; attempts to disrupt, lOSff, 1085, 1088, 1152f, 1156, 1161. 309; C.P. of Great Britain on, 957f; Trade Unions, and army, 146ff,.154ff, 317; firmly established, 726; guarantee of and national front, 779; and post-war victory, 734; Moscow conference and, reconstruction, 900; and production, 1087f; strategy of, 159; Yugoslavia 24ff, 754; and Second Front, 158ff, and, 274ff. 902; and soldiers' vote, 151f; and taxa­ United Nations Food Conference, 937f, tion, 1031; and the war, 789ff; and 972f. white-collar workers, 88ff; Anglo-So­ United Nations War, see World War. viet committee, 165ft; attacks on, 304f; United Office and Professional Workers of C.P. of Great Britain and, 753f; C.P. America, 9 4, 991. U.S.A. and, 643f, 594ff, 624, 753f, 927f; United Rubber Workers of America, 991. in Brazil, 859; in Cleveland election, U.S. Army, 316ff; communism and anti­ 1112f; in Germany, 177; in Great Bri­ fascism, 153, 318, 632; and the nation, tain, 66ff, 753ff; in Massachusetts, 146f; Negroes in, 46, 152ft; political 105lff; in Soviet Union, 167, 876f, 891, education in, 148f; size, 146f, 270, 412, 994ff; international role. 786ff; must 683. recognize fifth column pattern, 708f; U.S., Browder on history of, 135f, 827; must support President, 896; Negroes Civil War, 137ff, 240ft, 415, 828ft, 846; in, 41; ne.w forms of work, 623; politi­ Congress, 51ff, 110, 144f, 157ff, 199, cal responsibilities, 53, 56, 314, 649, 30lff, 711ff, 782ff, 938f; democratic 782, 1091; problems before, 613ff; rec­ path of, 824ff; Dept. of Agriculture, reational activities, 322; responsibilities 942; Employment Service, 46; foreign of, 311ff; unite in New .Jersey elec- policy, 109, 258ff, 310; policy toward 1184 INDEX

Italy, 908!; policy toward Yugoslavia, Women, in Massachusetts industry, 1062; 280f; reactionary offensive, 301ff; rela­ in the party, 344, 540, 548f; in Soviet tions with Britain, 872; relations with Union, 352, 985; In trade unions, 358f; U.S.S.R., 200, 262f, 336ff, 423, 580ff, in war industry, 132f, 348ff; U.A.W.' 666ff, 742ff, 867ff, 963ff, 966ff, 972ff, convention action on, 1009; under fae~ 985«; Revolutionary War, 214, 824; cism, 365f. role in the war, 79; State Department, Women's Army Corps, 350. 201, 208, 498; Supreme Court and Women's Auxilliary Ferrying Service, 350. Schneiderman decision, 688ff; war ex­ Wood, Robert, 615. penditures, 16lf; see also Battle for Woodward, George, 1123. production; Economic planning, Home "The Worker, .. 1119; exposed Bullitt. 1125; front; National front; National unity; Increase circulation of, 34, 631, 923; Roosevelt Administration; Anglo-So­ ·see alsO "Daily Worker." viet-American coalition; also names ot Working class, in Great Britain, 62ft; in departments and other govt. bodies. India, 382; Lenin on, 215; responsibill­ United States Student Assembly, 326, 328. tlea of, 107, 600, 613f, 789; see also Unit~d Steelworkers of America, 778. Trade Unions; Communist Party; Na­ tional Unity. Vallandigham, 140. World war, Brazil and,. 852ff; British Vandenburg, Arthur, 54. labor and, 62ft; Canada and, 726«; Vargas, Getulio, 862ff. C.I.O. and, 1147f; changed character Vinson, Carl, 454, of, 367, 73lf; Cuba and, 766; financial Violence, Comm.unist position on, 736f, cost, 18lf; Ireland and, 285ff; Italy 836«, 860. and, 58«, 18'1f, 903ff; middle classes Virginia, In Civil War, 242. and, 88ff, 934; Nazi "peace" offens­ "Voelkischer Beobachter,'" 583, 700. slve, 266ff, 987; New stage of, 99«, Voting, for youth, 324f; Soldiers' Vote B!ll, li~l9; problems of economic stabiliza­ 161. tion, 229ff; reactionary offensive and, 301«; Red Army does most of fight­ Wages, and production, 20f, 1046; C.I.O. ing, 963; review of ..Attack can Win policy on, 1149f; in Canada, 236, 956; in '43," bY Max Werner, 680ff; review in Britain, 236, 764; need for adjust­ of uThe Great Offensive, •• by Max ment, 234f, 443«, 897, 934; of youth, Werner, 73ff; social sciences and, 47:ff; 321; see also Incentive wages. Stalin's May day order, 572«; tasks of Wallace, Henry A., 964, 985; and Marxism, British unions, 753ff; tax program 411«; position on Soviet Union, -298!; for, 248ff, 1030«; time factor in coali­ on war aims, 244; oppoaes fifth col­ tion warfare, 1002«; trade union unity umn, 144. and, 403ff; trade unions and, 789ff; war Walsak, John, 947. aims, 434ff, 720!t; white-collar work­ War, as test of nation, 1077; "Hisfory of ers and, 88ff; youth and, 316ff; Yugo­ the C.P.S.U." on, 212; Marx and Lenin slavia and, 274«; see also Battle for on, 842; Marx and national, 211«. production; Economic planning: Hom.e War aims, see World War, war aims. front; Military strategy; Red Army; "The War and the Working Class" (pe- Second front. riodical), 776. War Food Administration, 942. Yates, Oleta 0., 1136. War Labor Board, 21f, 443, 646. Young, G. M., 173. War Manpower Commission, 38«, 46, 132f, Young, Ruth, 364. 1044f. Young Communist League, and army, 3U; War production, see Battle for production; Browder on, 80lf; building of, 330f; economic planning. proposal for a new anti-fascist Youth Warren, Earl, 648, 1133. Organization, 792ff; record of, 796f. .. Washington Times-Herald," 1063. Young Men's Christian Association, 805 . WAVES, 350. Young Women's Christian Association, 805. Weinan, Marcel, 124. Youth and war production, 319; in Brazil, Weinstock, Louis, 639. 861; in Canada, 956; in Germany, 886; Weydemeyer, Joseph, 415. in fight for victory, 316ff; In Los Welles, Sumner, letter to Browder, 206. Angeles riot, 707; in Massachusetts Wene, Elmer, 950. industry, 1062; Negro, 320, 329f, 803; Werner, Max, "Attack Can Win in '43!" right to vote, 324; toward new or­ (rev.), 680ff; "The Great O!tens!ve" ganization of, 792ff. (rev.), 73ff. Yovanovich, Slo bod an, 2 8 0. Wheeler, Burton K., 159. Yug-oslavia, and the war, 274ff; Anti-Fas­ "Wheeling Intellhlencer," 584. cist activity in, 108; constituent al!l­ White-collar workers, 31, 88ff, 1093; and sembly, 281f; Government-in-exile, the the war, 88ff :l79f; Guerrilla warfare in, 102, 496f, Wilkinson, Horace, 244_. 870; Moscow. Conference and, 1066; Willich, August, 415. partisans in, 1086; post-war policy, 272; Willkie, Wendell, labor's attitude toward, 159f, 607; "One World" (rev.), 564f. .Yug~:r~v!~r;:st~~· t~!7 ·u. S., s57f. Witherow, William P., 128, 464. Witkin, Morton, 1126. Zaslavsky, David, 272. Woll, Matthew, 473, 486, 615, 780, 991!, Zinzino!t, 685. 999!. Zoppy, Anthony, 947. STATEMENT OF THE OWNERSHIP, MANAGEMENT, CIRCULATION, ETC., REQUIRED BY THE ACTS OF CONGRESS OF A U GUST %4 , 191%, AND :.lARCH 3, 1933. OF THF.: C:OMMUNIST. published m onthly at ~ew York, N. Y., Cor October 1, 1943.

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This book tells you how and why these achieveme nts of our Soviet ally are made possible. It describes In hu man ond dramatic terms ' the Soviet &ystem end how it w9rks, Soviet morale and its w~ ll ­ springs, Soviet leodefship and its roots in the love of the people.

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