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Upper Oligocene (Chattian) Brachiopod Fauna from the Aquitaine Basin, Southwestern France and Its Paleoenvironmental Implications

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Upper Oligocene (Chattian) Brachiopod Fauna from the Aquitaine Basin, Southwestern France and Its Paleoenvironmental Implications Upper Oligocene (Chattian) brachiopod fauna from the Aquitaine Basin, southwestern France and its paleoenvironmental implications Maria Aleksandra BITNER Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warszawa (Poland) [email protected] Pierre LOZOUET Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, case postale 51, 57 rue Cuvier, F-75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) [email protected] Bruno CAHUZAC Université Bordeaux-1, Laboratoire de Recherches et Applications géologiques, Château-Bonnefont, 351, cours de la Libération, F-33405 Talence cedex (France) [email protected] Bitner M. A., Lozouet P. & Cahuzac B. 2013. — Upper Oligocene (Chattian) brachiopod fauna from the Aquitaine Basin, southwestern France and its paleoenvironmental implications. Geodiversitas 35 (3): 579-606. http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2013n3a4 ABSTRACT Brachiopods from the Upper Oligocene (Chattian), Aquitaine Basin, southwest- ern France comprise nine species in seven genera: Novocrania Lee & Brunton, 2001, Terebratulina d’Orbigny, 1847, Megathiris d’Orbigny, 1847, Argyrotheca Dall, 1900, Joania Álvarez, Brunton & Long, 2008, Megerlia King, 1850, and Lacazella Munier-Chalmas, 1880. One megathyridid is described as a new spe- cies, Joania peyrerensis n. sp., characterized by ornamentation of 6-8 distinct, sharp ribs and by triangular, plate-like teeth. With the exception of Megathiris detruncata (Gmelin, 1791) and Lacazella mediterranea (Risso, 1826), all species are recorded for the first time from the Oligocene of the Aquitaine Basin. In taxonomic composition this brachiopod fauna displays close affinity with the Miocene faunas of the Mediterranean Province and Central Paratethys. e dominance of micromorphic megathyridids and thecideides in the Peyrère as- semblage, characteristic of cryptic habitats suggests the presence of submarine KEY WORDS caves and/or crevices, thus supporting the previous interpretations of this faunistic Brachiopoda, Upper Oligocene, assemblage as a cave biocenosis. Frequency of gastropod drillings observed on Chattian, the investigated brachiopods is low (4%) as is in most Cenozoic brachiopod stable isotopes, populations. e paleotemperatures calculated from the δ18O values of brachio- Aquitaine Basin, France, pod shells (21 to 24°C) correspond well to a paleoenvironmental interpretation new species. based on paleoecology of other taxonomic groups. GEODIVERSITAS • 2013 • 35 (3) © Publications Scientifiques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. www.geodiversitas.com 579 Bitner M. A. et al. RÉSUMÉ La faune de brachiopodes de l’Oligocène supérieur (Chattien) du Bassin d’Aquitaine, sud-ouest de la France et ses implications paléoenvironnementales. Les brachiopodes de l’Oligocène supérieur (Chattien) du Bassin d’Aqui- taine (France) comprennent neuf espèces appartenant à sept genres, à savoir Novocrania Lee & Brunton, 2001, Terebratulina d’Orbigny, 1847, Megath- iris d’Orbigny, 1847, Argyrotheca Dall, 1900, Joania Álvarez, Brunton & Long, 2008, Megerlia King, 1850 et Lacazella Munier-Chalmas, 1880. Un Megathyrididae nouveau est décrit : Joania peyrerensis n. sp. Cette espèce est caractérisée par une ornementation comprenant de six à huit côtes fortes et aiguës, et par des dents triangulaires ressemblant à des plaques. À l’excep- tion de Megathiris detruncata (Gmelin, 1791) et de Lacazella mediterranea (Risso, 1826), toutes les espèces sont signalées pour la première fois dans l’Oligocène aquitain. Dans sa composition taxonomique, cette faune de brachiopodes présente des affinités étroites avec celles du Miocène de la province méditerranéenne et de la Paratéthys centrale. La domination des Megathyrididae micromorphiques et ecideidae à Peyrère, caractéristiques des habitats cryptiques, indique la présence de nombreuses grottes sous-ma- rines et/ou de crevasses, appuyant ainsi les interprétations précédentes sur MOTS CLÉS l’environnement de ces dépôts. La fréquence de la prédation de gastéropodes Brachiopoda, Oligocène supérieur, observée sur les brachiopodes étudiés est basse (4%) comme elle l’est dans la Chattien, plupart des populations de brachiopodes cénozoïques. Les paléotempératures isotopes stables, calculées des valeurs δ18O obtenues des coquilles de brachiopodes (de 21 à Bassin d’Aquitaine, France, 24°C) correspondent bien à l’interprétation paléoenvironnementale basée espèce nouvelle. sur la paléoécologie des autres groupes. INTRODUCTION reported from northern Italy (Sacco 1902; Fa- biani 1913; Venzo 1941; Mandruzzato 1970; Although brachiopods have lost importance in the Altichieri 1992) where Terebratula Müller, 1776, Cenozoic and their taxonomic diversity is low, they Terebratulina d’Orbigny, 1847 and Lacazella are a stable, locally even dominant, element of the Munier-Chalmas, 1880 were recorded. Te r - benthic fauna in European Tertiary deposits. Eocene ebratulina was also reported from the Oligocene brachiopods are well known and described from the of Belgium (Vincent 1893, 1923). Sandberger whole of Europe, and although their taxonomic (1862-1863) described a rich brachiopod fauna composition in particular assemblages can differ from the Lower Oligocene of the Mainz Basin, significantly, many species have a very wide geo- southern Germany. He recognized Terebratula, graphical distribution from Great Britain to Ukraine. Terebratulina and few species of megathyridid Miocene brachiopods are also well known in the brachiopods. is fauna, however, needs re- whole of Europe, being especially studied from the examination and re-description using modern Paratethyan and Mediterranean provinces, and they taxonomy; one species, Argiope subradiata Sand- are predominantly micromorphic forms. berger, 1862 has been revised and transferred By contrast, very little is known about Oli- into the genus Bronnothyris Popiel-Barczyk & gocene brachiopods of Europe. ey have been Smirnova, 1978 (see Bitner & Kroh 2011). e 580 GEODIVERSITAS • 2013 • 35 (3) Upper Oligocene (Chattian) brachiopod fauna from the Aquitaine Basin Gulf of Gascogne Abesse Estoti Bezoye St Paul-lès-Dax Dax N Escornebéou St Geours-de-Maremne Canyon of Capbreton Adour Paris St Étienne-d’Orthe Bélus FRANCE Peyrère Peyrehorade Gave de Pau 43°30’N 10 km 1°30’E Bayonne 1° FIG. 1. — Map of the Aquitaine Basin, SW France showing the extension of the Chattian marine deposits (dotted line) and the localities of brachiopod fauna; heavy lines denote anticlinal ridges (simplified after Cahuzac et al. 1995). inarticulate discinid species Discinisca stein- It is worth mentioning that the brachiopod ingeri Radwańska & Radwański, 1989 was de- assemblage from northern Germany described scribed from the Upper Oligocene of Austria as Lower Oligocene by von Koenen (1894) has (Radwańska & Radwański 1989). been found to be Upper Eocene in age (see De From the Oligocene of Hungary Meznerics Geyter et al. 2006). (1944) described three genera, Lingula Bruguière, e present paper deals with a rich Upper 1797, Terebratula and Terebratulina. Recently, a Oligocene (Chattian) brachiopod fauna from rich collection of Oligocene brachiopods from the Aquitaine Basin (SW France) that belongs to Hungary was also reported by Dulai (2010b). the Atlantic Province. Brachiopods, in majority He recognized ten species belonging to nine excellently preserved, with more than 1400 speci- genera; megathyrids dominate but Novocrania mens are represented by nine species belonging Lee & Brunton, 2001, Gryphus Mühlfeldt, 1811, to seven genera. Although so rich, this fauna has Terebratulina and Megerlia King, 1850 also were never been fully described before, however, the present. presence of the genera Megathiris, Argyrotheca A new Lower Oligocene brachiopod fauna was and Lacazella was mentioned by several research- briefly described from north-eastern Germany ers (Peyrot 1932; Pajaud 1974; Lozouet 2004). (Müller 2011a, b). is fauna contains one in- Interestingly, brachiopods were described from articulate genus, Discinisca, six terebratulides, the Aquitaine Basin from the younger, Miocene, Terebratula, Terebratulina, Orthothyris Cooper, deposits where inarticulate Lingula and Discradisca 1955, Megathiris d’Orbigny, 1847, Argyrotheca Stenzel, 1964, and micromorphic rhynchonellide Dall, 1900 and Megerlia, and the thecideide Cryptopora Jeffreys, 1869 were recognized (Bit- Lacazella. ner & Cahuzac 2004, 2013; Emig et al. 2007). GEODIVERSITAS • 2013 • 35 (3) 581 Bitner M. A. et al. GEOLOGICAL SETTING Peyrère: Landes, Peyrehorade (Peyrère); Ruisseau de l’Église: Landes, St-Étienne-d’Orthe. Marine Upper Oligocene deposits crop out only in the south-western part of the Aquitaine Basin (Fig. 1; Cahuzac et al. 1995; Lozouet 2004). ey are of MATERIAL AND METHODS transgressive character, having been deposited after a major regression related to the global sea-level fall e investigated brachiopods come from seven out- at the Lower-Upper Oligocene boundary (Vail et al. crops, namely Peyrère, Bélus, St-Étienne-d’Orthe, Es- 1977; Dolin et al. 1985). On the basis of the calcareous cornebéou, Bezoye, Estoti and Abesse, in the Aquitaine nannoplankton these deposits are referred to the zones Basin, SW France (Fig. 1). e material comprises NP24 and NP25 that correspond with the Chattian mostly specimens obtained from the bulk samples (Cahuzac et al. 1995). Moreover, based on neritic washed and wet-sieved. e larger fraction was sorted larger foraminifera abundant in these levels, they are in the field, while finer fractions were picked manu- attributed to the SBZ 23 biozone (Shallow Benthic ally under the binocular
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