Provenance and Annotations for Linked Data
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Metadata for Semantic and Social Applications
etadata is a key aspect of our evolving infrastructure for information management, social computing, and scientific collaboration. DC-2008M will focus on metadata challenges, solutions, and innovation in initiatives and activities underlying semantic and social applications. Metadata is part of the fabric of social computing, which includes the use of wikis, blogs, and tagging for collaboration and participation. Metadata also underlies the development of semantic applications, and the Semantic Web — the representation and integration of multimedia knowledge structures on the basis of semantic models. These two trends flow together in applications such as Wikipedia, where authors collectively create structured information that can be extracted and used to enhance access to and use of information sources. Recent discussion has focused on how existing bibliographic standards can be expressed as Semantic Metadata for Web vocabularies to facilitate the ingration of library and cultural heritage data with other types of data. Harnessing the efforts of content providers and end-users to link, tag, edit, and describe their Semantic and information in interoperable ways (”participatory metadata”) is a key step towards providing knowledge environments that are scalable, self-correcting, and evolvable. Social Applications DC-2008 will explore conceptual and practical issues in the development and deployment of semantic and social applications to meet the needs of specific communities of practice. Edited by Jane Greenberg and Wolfgang Klas DC-2008 -
Semantics Developer's Guide
MarkLogic Server Semantic Graph Developer’s Guide 2 MarkLogic 10 May, 2019 Last Revised: 10.0-8, October, 2021 Copyright © 2021 MarkLogic Corporation. All rights reserved. MarkLogic Server MarkLogic 10—May, 2019 Semantic Graph Developer’s Guide—Page 2 MarkLogic Server Table of Contents Table of Contents Semantic Graph Developer’s Guide 1.0 Introduction to Semantic Graphs in MarkLogic ..........................................11 1.1 Terminology ..........................................................................................................12 1.2 Linked Open Data .................................................................................................13 1.3 RDF Implementation in MarkLogic .....................................................................14 1.3.1 Using RDF in MarkLogic .........................................................................15 1.3.1.1 Storing RDF Triples in MarkLogic ...........................................17 1.3.1.2 Querying Triples .......................................................................18 1.3.2 RDF Data Model .......................................................................................20 1.3.3 Blank Node Identifiers ..............................................................................21 1.3.4 RDF Datatypes ..........................................................................................21 1.3.5 IRIs and Prefixes .......................................................................................22 1.3.5.1 IRIs ............................................................................................22 -
Rdfa in XHTML: Syntax and Processing Rdfa in XHTML: Syntax and Processing
RDFa in XHTML: Syntax and Processing RDFa in XHTML: Syntax and Processing RDFa in XHTML: Syntax and Processing A collection of attributes and processing rules for extending XHTML to support RDF W3C Recommendation 14 October 2008 This version: http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-rdfa-syntax-20081014 Latest version: http://www.w3.org/TR/rdfa-syntax Previous version: http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/PR-rdfa-syntax-20080904 Diff from previous version: rdfa-syntax-diff.html Editors: Ben Adida, Creative Commons [email protected] Mark Birbeck, webBackplane [email protected] Shane McCarron, Applied Testing and Technology, Inc. [email protected] Steven Pemberton, CWI Please refer to the errata for this document, which may include some normative corrections. This document is also available in these non-normative formats: PostScript version, PDF version, ZIP archive, and Gzip’d TAR archive. The English version of this specification is the only normative version. Non-normative translations may also be available. Copyright © 2007-2008 W3C® (MIT, ERCIM, Keio), All Rights Reserved. W3C liability, trademark and document use rules apply. Abstract The current Web is primarily made up of an enormous number of documents that have been created using HTML. These documents contain significant amounts of structured data, which is largely unavailable to tools and applications. When publishers can express this data more completely, and when tools can read it, a new world of user functionality becomes available, letting users transfer structured data between applications and web sites, and allowing browsing applications to improve the user experience: an event on a web page can be directly imported - 1 - How to Read this Document RDFa in XHTML: Syntax and Processing into a user’s desktop calendar; a license on a document can be detected so that users can be informed of their rights automatically; a photo’s creator, camera setting information, resolution, location and topic can be published as easily as the original photo itself, enabling structured search and sharing. -
CODATA Workshop on Big Data Programme Book
Sponsor I CODACODATA S UU Co-Sponsors Organizer Workshop on Big Data for International Scientific Programmes CONTENTS I. Sponsoring Organizations International Council for Science (ICSU) I. Sponsoring Organizations 2 The International Council for Science (ICSU) is a the international scientific community to II. Programme 7 non-governmental organization with a global strengthen international science for the benefit of membership of national scientific bodies society. (121members, representing 141 countries) and international scientific unions (31 members). ICSU: www.icsu.org III. Remarks and Abstracts 13 ICSU mobilizes the knowledge and resources of Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) IV. Short Biography of Speakers 28 I CODACODATA S UU V. Conference Venue Layout 41 CODATA, the ICSU Committee on Data for Science challenges and ‘hot topics’ at the frontiers and Technology, was established in 1966 to meet of data science (through CODATA Task a need for an international coordinating body to Groups and Working Groups and other improve the management and preservation of initiatives). VI. General Information 43 scientific data. CODATA has been at the forefront 3. Developing data strategies for international of data science and data policy issues since that science programmes and supporting ICSU date. activities such as Future Earth and Integrated About Beijing 43 Research on Disaster Risk (IRDR) to address CODATA supports ICSU’s mission of ‘strengthening data management needs. international science for the benefit of society’ by ‘promoting improved scientific and technical data Through events like the Workshop on Big Data for About the Workshop Venue 43 management and use’. CODATA achieves this International Scientific Programmes and mission through three strands of activity: SciDataCon 2014, CODATA collaborates with 1. -
Introduction to Ontology- Based Semantics Goals Service
Goals • To provide some insight into the usefulness of ontologies Introduction to Ontology- • To provide an understanding of the based Semantics features of RDFS and OWL and their use in automated reasoning Semantic Web, ontologies, RDF, OWL, • To provide an outline of the N3 syntax N3 • Use N3 to express RDFS and OWL – sufficient for later examples and exercises on service semantics With thanks to Declan O’Sullivan @ David Lewis @ David Lewis Service Semantics Functional Semantics • WSDL provides the syntax we need for interoperating with a service, but little in the way of semantics • What do ‘origin’ and ‘destination’ strings • Examining this example raises many questions about represent? functional and non-functional semantics – Country, city, airport, restrictions (airline, national, <message name=“getcheapestFlightRequest"> regional)? <part name=“origin" type="xsd:string"/> <part name=“destination" type="xsd:string"/> • What does ‘flight’ string represent? <part name=“date" type="xsd:date"/> – Airline, flight number, plane type? </message> <message name=“getcheapestFlightResponse"> • What does ‘time’ string represent? <part name=“flight" type="xsd:string"/> <part name=“time" type="xsd:time"/> – Departure time? <part name=“cost” type=“xsd:float”/> </message> – Note xsd:time probably is adequate - supports time- <portType name=“cheapestFlight"> zone information <operation name="getCheapestFlight"> <input message=“getcheapestFlightRequest"/> • What does ‘cost’ float represent? <output message=“getcheapestFlightResponse"/> </operation> -
Dynamic Provenance for SPARQL Updates Using Named Graphs
Dynamic Provenance for SPARQL Updates using Named Graphs Harry Halpin James Cheney World Wide Web Consortium University of Edinburgh [email protected] [email protected] Abstract nance for collections or other structured artifacts. The workflow community has largely focused on static prove- The (Semantic) Web currently does not have an offi- nance for atomic artifacts, whereas much of the work on cial or de facto standard way exhibit provenance infor- provenance in databases has focused on static or dynamic mation. While some provenance models and annota- provenance for collections (e.g. tuples in relations). tion techniques originally developed with databases or The workflow community has largely focused on workflows in mind transfer readily to RDF, RDFS and declaratively describing causality or derivation steps of SPARQL, these techniques do not readily adapt to de- processes to aid repeatability for scientific experiments, scribing changes in dynamic RDF datasets over time. and these requirements have been a key motivation for Named graphs have been introduced to RDF motivated the Open Provenance Model (OPM) [12, 11], a vocab- as a way of grouping triples in order to facilitate anno- ulary and data model for describing processes including tation, provenance and other descriptive metadata. Al- (but certainly not limited to) runs of scientific workflows. though their semantics is not yet officially part of RDF, While important in its own right, and likely to form the there appears to be a consensus based on their syntax basis for a W3C standard interchange format for prove- and semantics in SPARQL queries. Meanwhile, up- nance, OPM does not address the semantics of the prove- dates are being introduced as part of the next version nance represented in it — one could in principle use it ei- of SPARQL. -
Folksonomies - Cooperative Classification and Communication Through Shared Metadata
Folksonomies - Cooperative Classification and Communication Through Shared Metadata Adam Mathes Computer Mediated Communication - LIS590CMC Graduate School of Library and Information Science University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign December 2004 Abstract This paper examines user-generated metadata as implemented and applied in two web services designed to share and organize digital me- dia to better understand grassroots classification. Metadata - data about data - allows systems to collocate related information, and helps users find relevant information. The creation of metadata has generally been approached in two ways: professional creation and author creation. In li- braries and other organizations, creating metadata, primarily in the form of catalog records, has traditionally been the domain of dedicated profes- sionals working with complex, detailed rule sets and vocabularies. The primary problem with this approach is scalability and its impracticality for the vast amounts of content being produced and used, especially on the World Wide Web. The apparatus and tools built around professional cataloging systems are generally too complicated for anyone without spe- cialized training and knowledge. A second approach is for metadata to be created by authors. The movement towards creator described docu- ments was heralded by SGML, the WWW, and the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative. There are problems with this approach as well - often due to inadequate or inaccurate description, or outright deception. This paper examines a third approach: user-created metadata, where users of the documents and media create metadata for their own individual use that is also shared throughout a community. 1 The Creation of Metadata: Professionals, Con- tent Creators, Users Metadata is often characterized as “data about data.” Metadata is information, often highly structured, about documents, books, articles, photographs, or other items that is designed to support specific functions. -
Extending the Role of Metadata in a Digital Library System*
Extending the Role of Metadata in a Digital Library System* Alexa T. McCray, Marie E. Gallagher, Michael A. Flannick National Library of Medicine Bethesda, MD, USA {mccray,gallagher,flannick}@nlm.nih.gov Abstract Metadata efforts often fall into the trap of We describe an approach to the development of a digital trying to create a universal metadata schema. library system that is founded on a number of basic Such efforts fail to recognize the basic nature principles. In particular, we discuss the critical role of of metadata: namely, that it is far too diverse metadata in all aspects of the system design. We begin by to fit into one useful taxonomy...the creation, describing how the notion of metadata is sometimes administration, and enhancement of individual interpreted and go on to discuss some of our early metadata forms should be left to the relevant experiences in a digital conversion project. We report on communities of expertise. Ideally this would the Profiles in Science project, which is making the occur within a framework that will support archival collections of prominent biomedical scientists interoperability across data and domains. available on the World Wide Web. We discuss the [4:277] principles that are used in our system design, illustrating Roszkowski and Lukas describe an approach for these throughout the discussion. Our approach has linking distributed collections of metadata so that they are involved interpreting metadata in its broadest sense. We searchable as a single collection [5], and Baldonado et al. capture data about the items in our digital collection for a describe an architecture that facilitates metadata a variety of purposes and use those data to drive the compatibility and interoperability [6]. -
Name That Graph Or the Need to Provide a Model and Syntax Extension to Specify the Provenance of RDF Graphs Fabien Gandon, Olivier Corby
Name That Graph or the need to provide a model and syntax extension to specify the provenance of RDF graphs Fabien Gandon, Olivier Corby To cite this version: Fabien Gandon, Olivier Corby. Name That Graph or the need to provide a model and syntax extension to specify the provenance of RDF graphs. W3C Workshop - RDF Next Steps, W3C, Jun 2010, Palo Alto, United States. hal-01170906 HAL Id: hal-01170906 https://hal.inria.fr/hal-01170906 Submitted on 2 Jul 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Name That Graph or the need to provide a model and syntax extension to specify the provenance of RDF graphs. Fabien Gandon and Olivier Corby, INRIA, W3C Member ABSTRACT When querying or reasoning on metadata from the semantic web, the source of this metadata as well as a number of other characteristics (date, trust, etc.) can be of great importance. While the SPARQL query language provides a keyword to match patterns against named graphs, the RDF data model focuses on expressing triples. In many cases it is interesting to augment these RDF triples with the notion of a provenance for each triple (or set of triples), typically an IRI specifying their real (e.g. -
A Blockchain-Based Application to Protect Minor Artworks
A Blockchain-based Application to Protect Minor Artworks Clara Bacciu, Angelica Lo Duca, Andrea Marchetti IIT-CNR - via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa (Italy) [name].[surname]@iit.cnr.it Keywords: blockchain, Ethereum, recordkeeping, IPFS, Cultural Heritage, minor artwork Abstract: A new emerging trend concerns the implementation of services and distributed applications through the blockchain technology. A blockchain is an append-only database, which guarantees security, transparency and immutability of records. Blockchains can be used in the field of Cultural Heritage to protect minor artworks, i.e. artistic relevant works not as famous as masterpieces. Minor artworks are subjected to counterfeiting, thefts and natural disasters because they are not well protected as famous artworks. This paper describes a blockchain-based application, called MApp (Minor Artworks application), which lets authenticated users (pri- vate people or organizations), store the information about their artworks in a secure way. The use of blockchain produces three main advantages. Firstly, artworks cannot be deleted from the register thus preventing thieves to remove records associated stolen objects. Secondly, artworks can be added and updated only by authorized users, thus preventing counterfeiting in objects descriptions. Finally, records can be used to keep artworks memory in case of destruction caused by a natural disaster. 1 INTRODUCTION cessible. To complicate things, in the last decades, Italy (as many other places in the world) has suffered Minor artworks are works that are artistically rel- a series of catastrophic events that largely affected evant but not as well-known as famous masterpieces, cultural heritage: earthquakes, landslides, floods, col- or belonging to the so-called minor arts, such as books lapses in important archaeological sites such as Pom- and manuscripts, pottery, lacquerware, furniture, jew- pei. -
Integrating Dublin Core Metadata for Cultural Heritage Collections Using Ontologies**
2007 Proc. Int’l Conf. on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications Integrating Dublin Core metadata for cultural heritage ** collections using ontologies Constantia Kakali Irene Lourdi Thomais Stasinopoulou Department of Archive and Department of Archive and Department of Archive and Library Sciences, Ionian Library Sciences, Ionian Library Sciences, Ionian University, Greece University, Greece University, Greece [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Lina Bountouri Christos Papatheodorou Martin Doerr Department of Archive and Department of Archive and Institute of Computer Library Sciences, Ionian Library Sciences, Ionian Science, Foundation for University, Greece University, Greece Research and Technology, [email protected] [email protected] Greece [email protected] Manolis Gergatsoulis Department of Archive and Library Sciences, Ionian University, Greece [email protected] Abstract Metadata interoperability is an active research area, especially for cultural heritage collections, which consist of heterogeneous objects described by a variety of metadata schemas. In this paper we propose an ontology-based metadata interoperability approach, which exploits, in an optimal way, the semantics of metadata schemas. In particular, we propose the use of CIDOC/CRM ontology as a mediating schema and present a methodology for mapping DC Type Vocabulary to CIDOC/CRM, demonstrating a real-world effort for ontology-based metadata integration. Keywords: ontology-based integration; metadata interoperability; CIDOC/CRM; DC-Type. 1. Introduction Heterogeneity is one of the main characteristics of cultural heritage collections. Such collections may be composed of text, written on different materials, paintings, photographs, 3D objects, sound recordings, maps or even digital objects. Furthermore, the objects are strongly related with the social and historical events that take place over time. -
Efficient and Flexible Access to Datasets on the Semantic
Semantic Sitemaps: Efficient and Flexible Access to Datasets on the Semantic Web Richard Cyganiak, Holger Stenzhorn, Renaud Delbru, Stefan Decker, and Giovanni Tummarello Digital Enterprise Research Institute (DERI), National University Ireland, Galway Abstract. Increasing amounts of RDF data are available on the Web for consumption by Semantic Web browsers and indexing by Semantic Web search engines. Current Semantic Web publishing practices, however, do not directly support efficient discovery and high-performance retrieval by clients and search engines. We propose an extension to the Sitemaps protocol which provides a simple and effective solution: Data publishers create Semantic Sitemaps to announce and describe their data so that clients can choose the most appropriate access method. We show how this protocol enables an extended notion of authoritative information across different access methods. Keywords: Sitemaps, Datasets, RDF Publishing, Crawling, Web, Search, Linked Data, SPARQL. 1 Introduction Data on the Semantic Web can be made available and consumed in many dif- ferent ways. For example, an online database might be published as one single RDF dump. Alternatively, the recently proposed Linked Data paradigm is based on using resolvable URIs as identifiers to offer access to individual descriptions of resources within a database by simply resolving the address of the resources itself [1]. Other databases might offer access to its data via a SPARQL endpoint that allows clients to submit queries using the SPARQL RDF query language and protocol. If several of these options are offered simultaneously for the same database, the choice of access method can have significant effects on the amount of networking and computing resources consumed on the client and the server side.