THE REGION ROUTE IN

EXTENDED ABSTRACT

Assist. Prof. Dr. Alev Dündar Arikana Prof. Dr. Arikanb

aAnadolu University, Faculty of Tourism, Yunus Emre Kampusü, Eskişehir, Turkey [email protected] +90 222 3350580

b IMC FH Krems, University of Applied Sciences, IMC FH Krems, Krems, [email protected] +43 2732 802373

Corresponding Author

Prof. Dr. Irfan Arikan IMC FH Krems, University of Applied Sciences, IMC FH Krems, Krems, Austria [email protected] +43 2732 802373

THE THRACE REGION WINE ROUTE IN TURKEY

EXTENDED ABSTRACT

1. Objective commercial role in the region, dating back Wine tourism is expanding around the 6.000 years world, with the number of new wine regions (http://www.discoverturkishwines.com). and vineries increased rapidly in the past Over the past few decades, Turkey has been decade (Khan, 2016). Wine tourism has resurrecting its very ancient wine traditions, been defined as `visitation to vineyards, producing high quality wine made from wineries, wine festivals and wine shows for native varieties like Kalecik Karası, which grape wine tasting and/or Öküzgözü, Sultaniye, Çalkarası, experiencing the attributes of a grape wine Papazkarası, Emir, Anatolien Narince and region are the prime motivating factors for Boğazkere, growing across the visitors' (Hall et al., 2000). Wine tourism geographically sprad wine regions. offers a way to support rural areas, sustain cultural heritage and improve the economy. Traditionally, Turkey is specialized in Rural tourism presents itself as an producing table and raisins, with alternative or as complement to the approximately a third of grape production traditional activities of farmers within the used for table grapes while the other third is agrarian family unit. Employment can be used for drying purposes whereas the generated in accommodation, food, local remaining third is dedicated to making craft, other service, manufacturing, and wine, treacle, pulp, fruit sausage and more construction sectors, encouraging (http://www.discoverturkishwines.com). population in rural areas. Moreover, rural Turkey offers a potential of growing around tourism usually asures a good life quality 1.250 grape varieties and ranks sixth in level through the presence of some services grape production in the world and the maintenance of local culture and (http://www.worldatlas.com/articles/top- traditions. Rural tourism makes also easier the development of cooperation among grape-growing-countries.htm); on 600.000 local stakeholders as it encourages the hectar vineyards 250.000 hectoliter wine community involvement. Rural tourism are produced per year (Piroue, 2004). improves local resources, especially as Wine tourism in Turkey is a relatively new regard wine and food, promotes local field of study so that little research has been territory by using local identity. This type of conducted in the country. The Thracian tourism activity can enhance local features Wine Route starts near the former Ottoman counteracting the loss of local diversity due Capital of Edirne, 240 km north-west of to mass tourism. Rural tourists are attracted , and meanders through four lush by the identity/diversity of a rural area regions-Kırklareli, Tekirdag, Sarköy and (Marangon and Troiano, 2012). Gelibolu for approximately 400 km, ending Historically Turkey has been a place where in the town of Eceabat on the shore of the wine growing and wine consumption was . The route passes through part of its social and cultural life. From wine dense forest, past ancient ruins and containers shaped in grape bunches to alongside three major waterways-the Sea of historical coins with grape figures used in Marmara, the and the Western , archeological Dardanelles Strait-providing plenty of excavations and research show that grapes scenery to admire and historic sights to visit and wine have played a key social and (Wine Trails, 2016). The aim of this paper is first to present a specific wine route amphorae sweet, undiluted wine, divine created in Thrace region and secondly, to drink... when they wanted to drink from that investigate the vineyards of the region in red wine, sweet as honey, he filled a glass relation to tourism. As research of it, mixing it with twenty times as much methodology a literature review and the water and a pleasant fragrance of divine sources of secondary data were used. odour sprad from the wine vessel. It was very difficult to refrain from it... This 2. Theoretical Framework statement of the dilution of the wine may The Thrace of Turkey refers to the have been exaggerated. In ancient European side of the country and is shared and Rome they usually added three times as by Turkey, Greece and . The region much water as wine. as home to one of the oldest producers of wine in the world, is known as the About 150 varieties of grapes were known birthplace of Dionysus, the Thracian God during the ancient times. Pliny listed 91 of associated with wine. Homer described these wine sorts – yet he believed that their number exceeded 400. The Roman Ancient Thrace as the land, which would make great wine. Information on well agronomist Kolumela explained this developed and wine-making are diversity by the fact that the same variety of found also in the works of other ancient vines grown under different conditions authors such as Plato, Xenophon, Ateneus, resulted in different quality of grapes Polien, etc. It is not a coincidence that the achieved. In and case the wine-lovers of cult towards Dionysus (Zagreus) was these times knew very well the various widespread in Ancient Thrace and this was individual species of grapes and their ability attested by numerous archaeological to thrive under different conditions – under monuments. The wine accompanied the varied climate, soils, etc. It was a normal ancient Thracians throughout their whole practice to refine a trellis vine by grafting life-time cycle. The Thracians celebrated from another quality vine. Frequently the the birth of infants with wine and again with Thracians left the vines to grow wrapped wine buried the deceased into nothingness. around trees specially planted for that The wine served as food for the pauper, it purpose, thus forming vine garlands hung was pleasure for the rich and medical cure between the trees. for everybody. Even the slaves were never The Vintage season for the Thracians was a deprived of it. Being an indispensable part holiday associated with many rituals of all pagan rituals as well as of the dedicated to the God Dionysus (Zagreus). Christian worship rites, the wine is the only This is one of the most exploited themes in drink, having its God in the Ancient times ancient art. Images associated with the and its Saint in the Christian era. Wine was harvesting of grapes and of wine making are honored alongside and equal to bread. It found on pottery, murals and mosaics in was with bread and wine that the Savior bid residential and public buildings, even in farewell to his disciples and took the road to some tombs. Calvary. “All Thracians are drunkards” - Ateney In ancient times the Thracian biblin-type of wrote. Surely his words should not be taken sweet wine was very famous. Later on the literally, but in fact there are many ancient wine from which it was produced got authors who speak about the incredible transferred to Italy and Syracuse. "So thus drinking capabilities of the Thracians. the sweet wine called by the Sicily people Moreover, it should be taken into polis-type of wine would have been the consideration that in ancient Greece and same biblin-type of wine" - wrote Ateney. Rome wine consumption was daily routine Further Homer described how the Thracian and common for everybody. Obviously the priest Maro gave Odysseus... twelve Thracians drank a lot more to impress them (http://www.haskovo- Arcadia, Camlija, Şato Nuzun, Barel, bulgaria.com/en/Wine_c37. html). Umurbey, Barbare, Melen, Gülor, Chateau The region was also the source of wine for Kalpak, Gali and Suvla, established in 4 the Byzantine Empire. What makes different regions of Thrace; which are of Turkish Thrace interesting is its ancient Tekirdag, Sarköy, Kirklareli and Gelibolu history of viticulture and a number of myths () (https://vimeo.com/91316242). surrounding the region. Turkey offers the The project was also supported by Thrace greatest diversity in terms of geography and Development Agency and Tourism history. Although very small Directorate of the region geographically, it bears a vast range of (https://sarapatolyesi.net). climates: Black Sea climate in the north, 3. Wineries on the Thrace Region continental climate at the center, and Wine Route Aegean climate in the south, creating an Wine tourism is used not only as a incredible advantage for viticulture, making it possible to cultivate a variety of vine significant marketing and branding tool and grapes in such a tiny region. There’s no an additional income source in wine regions international grape variety which is not (Beverland, 2006), but it also reinforces the grown in this region, in addition to hundreds individual identity of regions and wineries of indigenous grape varieties by presenting and preserving the unique (https://www.winerist.com/blog). authentic social, cultural, historical and Tourists on the food and wine trail are geographical characteristics of wine- people who enjoy food and wine and are producing regions (Morgan and Tresidder, interested in finding out more about 2016). Wine routes have become important production methods. They are open to new tourism products worldwide, as well as experiences and see food as a delightful way to discover new and different cultures and acting as a tourism promotional tool. In identities. They are willing to spend time, at general, a wine route consists of one or some point during their holiday, on more designated itineraries through the educational activities as such farm visits, wine region. The route should be clearly guided tours and tasting, etc. (Croce and signposted as well as being marketed and Perri, 2010). The wine route enables visitors interpreted via a leaflet and map, which to meet the wine producers as well as to notes the different vineyards and participate in a varity of activities which are held in wine tasting centres and wine winemakers and provides information on museums (Correia and Ascencao, 2006). sites of natural and cultural interest (Correia The process of developing wine routes and Ascencao, 2006). A highly motivated represents a new phase in the tourist on a food and wine trail seeks out a industry, which is trying to reach those who region’s resources, sets out to enjoy with all have some interest in wine and are five senses a region’s products and aspires fascinated by the country’s natural and cultural heritage. to buy an object or souvenir to ‘savour’ when the holiday is over. In order to enter In 2000, several visionary winemakers the hearts and minds of tourists and leave a came to the area to rediscover the Thrace lasting impression, destinations (and actors wine region. Other winemakers have followed. The Thrace route is a less working on the supply side) must be able to travelled path on a diverse terroir and easily offer unique, complex and emotionally accessible from Istanbul. The project was stimulating experiences (Croce and Perri, called “Thrace Wine Route” consisting of 2010). 12 boutique wineries Vino Dessera, Thrace wine region accounts for 13.6% of include Sauvignon Gris, an ancient and all the wine produced in Turkey, and has the low-yielding clone of . most elegant and balanced wines in the Arcadia is the first winery in Turkey to country cultivate this variety. Wine tourists can (http://www.blackseatourism.org/files/WI enjoy walks in the vineyards, visit the NERIES _Turkey_PIRT.pdf). The wineries winery, enjoy wine tastings and a pleasant at the heart of the Thrace are very close to and relaxing dinner in the gazebo by the Istanbul. Each region has got its unique lake (http://www.arcadiavineyards.com). particularity in terms of terroir which makes 3. Camlija: All the vineyards (currently 85 a fantastic diversity in the vineyards and of hectares under vine) are located in course the wines produced. The wineries for Kirklareli Province. The Bulgarian name of each region on Thrace are as follows: Kirklareli was Lozengrad, which means Tekirdag: Chateau Nuzun, Barel "The city of Vines". The plantings are some Vineyards, Barbare Vineyards, Umurbey of the highest density in the and Vineyards Turkey, ranging from 5.000 to 6.666 vines Sarköy: Melen Vineyards, Gulor per hectar, with some vineyards even at Vineyards, Chateau Kalpak 10.000. The aim of high-density planting is to enhance quality and encourage deep root Gelibolu: Gali Vineyards, Suvla systems to express the full potential of the Vineyards, terroir. The Strandja Massif has a dominant Kirklareli: Chamlija Vineyards, Arcadia effect on the vineyard soils and climates Vineyards, Vino Dessera Vineyards (http://www.chamlija- wine.com/vineyardeng.html). 1. Vino Dessera: Vino Dessera is a family owned winery in Kirklareli and started as a 4. Chateau Nuzun: is the closest winery to dowry project. They started planting in Istanbul. They have only red and rose wines 2000 with , and from Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, , continued , Zinfandel and Öküzgözü with Barbera, , Narince, grapes. Their 2009 wine has become a , Shiraz, and . Their legend due to a hail storm which effected all challenging terroir with high day over the vineyard; and they had to make temperatures and low night temperatures only one wine from all remaining grapes. It helps develop vines with intense aromas is like a gift from the nature and deep flavors. Vino Dessera also offers a (www.chateaunuzun.com). boutique wine hotel with only 6 cozy 5. Barel Vineyards: Barel is a small rooms, and the vineyards can be visited boutique winery located 10km from every day except in winter. Their ‘Vineyard Tekirdag city. Barel was established in Picnic’ tours are very popular 2010 and they produce their wines from (https://www.winerist.com/wineries/thrace/ Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah, vino-dessera). Cabernet Franc and using 2. Arcadia Vineyards: Arcadia Vineyards is modern techniques. Barel welcomes in Kirklareli, a very special place, and close visitors at its restaurant among the vines and to other towns of great cultural interest, also offer wine tours, wine and local cheese including Edirne, a world heritage site. pairings, and have plans for a boutique hotel They have been in operation since 2000, (www.barelvineyards.com). when they persuaded a French specialist to 6. Umurbey Winery: They have opened a get involved. Today, Arcadia produces a wine bar in Tekirdag city center on the main range of white, rose and red wines, in small road in front of the seashore, where they sell quantities, with the emphasis on nuance and Umurbey wines. The vineyards and the vitality. Varieties planted winery located nearby Yazir Village about 25 km away from Tekirdag city center. the architecture allows for a “gravitaire” They have Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, way of winemaking without using pumps. Syrah, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc and The name Gali means precious, valuable, Semillon grapes beyond its limits. Seventy-eight percent of (www.umurbeyvineyards.com). the vineyards are of three selected clones 7. Barbare Vineyards: Barbare Vineyards is of Merlot, and the remaining 22% situated on a small hill between the villages are Cabernet Franc and Cabernet of Barbaros and Yazir in the Thrace region, Sauvignon varieties. Wine tastings and which is near to the Sea of Marmara. gourmet lunches and dinners of local foods Barbare Vineyards focus on organic, (lamb meat, goat meat, fish and fresh biodynamic and sustainable viticulture and vegetables from the garden) are offered to produce Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, visitors on the terrace at the vineyards Syrah, and Mourvedre grapes. (https://www.winerist.com/blog). The first production was realized in 2007, 12. Suvla: Vineyards of Suvla, named and in April 2011 Barbare wines were “Bozokbağ” are 80 hectars and are located introduced to consumers. Barbare has a in Eceabat, by the Canakkale Strait small boutique hotel (9 rooms) with a (Dardanelles) on the historical Penninsula restaurant looking over the vineyards of Gallipoli. Vineyards have a wide variety (https://sarapatolyesi.net; of vines. Reds are Cabernet Sauvignon, www.barbarewines.com). Merlot, Syrah, Cabernet Franc, Grenache 8. Melen: Melen winery in Hosköy is Noir, Petite Verdot. The whites are located on the sea side. Since the main form Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Rosanne of transport in this area used to be by sea, and Marsanne. Vineyards are under the the wines would be put in large barrels and certification of ‘Good Agriculture Practice on the beach lifted aboard ships – GAP’ (http://www.wines (http://www.melenwinery.com/saraphanem ofturkey.org/suvla-winery). iz-en.asp). 13. Arda Winery: Arda Winery is the first boutique winery in Edirne, a historic town 9. Gülor: The first boutique wine producer in Turkey, which introduced the in the center of Thrace. The winery was international grapes to the country. Gülor built using stone and fired brick, resembling was founded in 1993 and owns 20 hectars early 20th century Turkish architecture and of vineyard located at Sarköy, Tekirdag is surrounded by Cabernet Sauvignon and (http://www.winesofturkey.org/gulor). Merlot grapes. The winery concentrates on low yield, high quality grapes for intense 10. Chateau Kalpak: The winery is in fruity reds and elegant whites. Wine visitors Sarköy, Tekirdag. After experimenting with have the chance to visit the cellar, situated 7 various root stocks, they established the meters under ground with one-meter-thick main vineyard of the chateau in 2006 with stone walls, and enjoy wine tastings varieties imported from France. A state of (https://www.vivino.com/wine-news/on- the art gravity-fed winery was built in 2010 the-historical-thrace-wine-route-6- within the vineyard for the production of the wineries-to-visit). “chateau wine” (http://www.thewinehousewarwick.com/ch 4. Conclusion ateau-kalpak.html). Many wine regions and tourism 11. Gali Winery: Gali Vineyards has a destinations have realised that the benefits unique location, surrounded by the Aegean of wine tourism extend well beyond the and Marmara seas, the Dardanelles, and the cellar door to virtually all areas of the Gulf of Saros. Both the winery and wine regional economy and into the urban areas cellar are constructed with local stones, and that generate the majority of wine tourists. Wine, food, tourism and the arts collectively comprise the core elements of Synagogue, Meriç Bridge and the the wine tourism product and provide the Healthcare Museum in the old Ottoman lifestyle package that wine tourists aspire to Capital Edirne. Forests of the Stranja and seek to experience (Carlsen, 2004). Mountains, Arcadiapolis, Heraion Teichos, Wine tourism is more than visiting St. Ioannes Monastery within the Melen Vineyards, Ganos and the Dupnisa Caves vineyards; it has the power to create and are other sight seeing places of the Thrace develop a region’s identity and increase Wine Route. The Dupnisa Cave was used distribution channels (Everett, 2016). The for Dionysian Rituals (Sparagmos) in potential for wine tourism destinations to ancient times. Even the name of Dionysus package `extraordinary' wine tourism is associated with Mount Nisa right above experiences (-Knight and Carlsen, 2003) the cave of Dupnisa; as, according to is yet to be fully researched and developed ancient Greek mythology, Dionysus but may provide a comparative advantage "discovered wine while playing at Mount for those wine. The consumers are focusing Nisa" less on the ways in which wine is made and (https://www.tempotur.com.tr/TRAKYA- more on related recreational issues such as BAG-ROTASI-TURLARI). events, food and the overall experience of - In Greece Wine Festival Rethymnon the vineyard. Wine tourism operates in in Crete in July has brought joy and festivity conjunction with other forms of tourism to the Greek island for the past few years. such as food, environmental and heritage With over 30 producers, tourists are able to tourism (Correia and Ascencoa, 2006). taste local wines and specialities at the Wine has become part of people’s lifestyles sound of live Cretan bands (especially in the West) and people seek out (https://www.winerist.com/blog/entry/what s-on-in-july-2017-best-wine-food-events- wine for leisure and pleasure. around-the-world). New food and wine By attracting visitors to the place of trails on the route can be developed with production, the wine-focused producer- visits to the old pottery workshops, old wine consumer interaction is promoting ateliers, sites of historical and other interest. education about wine, raising awareness of - Festival Napa Valley in California, one of wine products and putting wine regions and America's premier music and lifestyle local cultures on the World map (Everett, festivals, spreads over ten days, it blends 2016). Strong tourism marketing over 60 events and highlights 100 wineries. organization, cooperation between tourism It is simply a great combo of music, theater and wine industry bodies, focused target and dance with Napa's finest wine and food marketing and communications, branding and necessary infrastructure, that attracts and image enhancement and packaging are thousands of visitors each year key elements in successful wine tourism. (https://www.winerist.com/blog/ Therefor new activities on the Thrace Wine entry/whats-on-in-july-2017-best-wine- Route can be: food-events-around-the-world). In order to - Wine tasting tours with visits to religious attract wine lovers to the region, the sites and monastries can be included in the infrastructure on the Thrace Wine Route tour programs of tour operators and travel should be improved. agencies. A weekend tour programme to the - In Gali Winery, the visitors can enjoy wine vineyards that are situated among tastings and gourmet lunches and dinners of picturesque villages with examples of delicious local foods. Lamb meat, goat Greco-Roman, Balkan and Byzantine meat, fish and fresh vegetables from the architecture should include visits of Old garden are served at the vineyards Ottoman Palast, Selimiye Mosque, Grand (https://www.winerist.com/blog/entry/on- the-historical-thrace-wine-route-6- can be organized. These caves have been wineries-to-visit). Food and beverage brilliantly and sympathetically adapted for vendors which represent the authentic tourism, with suspended walkways, nature of the region and where regional staircases and soft lighting to highlight the dishes are promoted and served to visitors natural geographical features and maintain should be established. a strong sense of - During the World Wine Meetings in San ‘underworld’ (https://twomonkeys Francisco, the buyers will be able to enjoy travelgroup.com/visit-thrace-region-the- tastings, workshops and master classes from hidden-gem-of-turkey-trakya/). 70 wine and spirits exhibitors - In France thirty of the best winemakers (https://www.winerist.com/ from the famous Cotes du Rhone in Lyon blog/entry/whats-on-in-july-2017-best- are welcoming the visitors in July and wine-food-events-around-the-world). August every Wednesday for a glass of Seminars and courses on pottery making Syrah, Marsanne or Roussanne during Wine and wine production may be organized and & Transat. Tastings, food and wine pairing publications can be made as “The Thrace workshops and quizzes are organised, as Region Wine Route”. well as a “top sommelier” contest. And - Rootstock Jazz & Rock Festival in because there is nothing like a French apero Pommard, Burgundy is without a doubt one without food, a local chef will be serving of the best summer events organised in tapas (https://www.winerist.com/ blog/ France. The Carabello-Baum family is entry/whats-on-in-july-2017-best-wine- launching its very first wine event at the food-events-around-the-world). Wine Chateau de Pommard. To make the guests merchants and wineries need to consider experience one of a kind, the festival will their segmentation criteria and strategies offer wine, , rose and coffee bars carefully to be able to respond to visitors’ as well as a wide selection of food stalls needs in a proper way (Weismayer et al., (https://www.winerist.com/blog/entry/what 2017). Therefor targeted product marketing s-on-in-july-2017-best-wine-food-events- of the wine route oriented to a combination around-the-world). Special tour of experiences, entertainment and education programmes can be organized along the can be developed. Thrace Wine Route relating to vineyard - There is a growing impact of consumer led harvesting, food and wine festivals, campaigns for sustainable tourism farmer’s markets and events. The wineries development worldwide. Conflict between can organize activities and events such as the increased consumer socio- wine fairs and contests, develop promotion/ environmental consciousness versus the communication plans, conduct research, develop criteria for the selection of urge for travel consumption can be members and create tour packages (e.g. balanced. Press members can be invited on rural tourism accommodation plus visit to a trip to Thrace Wine Route by the NGO’s, local wineries). They can also combine Thrace Development Agency or other wine with other complementary activities stakeholders. (Correia and Ascencao, 2006) such as local (http://www.glamourgrannytravels. gastronomy, sport activities, architecture com/2015/11/02/on-the-wine-route-in- and heritage. thraceturkey/). - Cultural tours are organized to the forests - A guide for wine tourists with different of the Stranja Mountains to explore the tour programme offers could be prepared Dupnisa Caves. Also ship wreck (http://www.yolculukterapisi.com/etiket/tra excavations at the Sea of Marmara can be conducted and exhibitions on the wine route kya-bag-rotasi/). Foreign and domestic promotions should be made more With 1250 grape varieties, a rich tradition productive through an effective web design and an ideal geographical position, and the use of geographic information Turkey’s grapes and wines have many more systems and their applications. stories to tell (http://www.discoverturkishwines.com). - All route members (wineries) must have Thrace is ideal for wine making with its quality wine and friendly, knowledgeable very sunny, quite humid and often breezy and professional staff to ensure service climate. Thrace region is home to one of the quality for visitors, in order to ensure good oldest producers of wine in the world. On reputation and repeat visits. Similar tour this wine route travelers can easily spend a packages to Arcadia Vineyards tour week visiting two or three boutique programmes including visits of Edirne city vineyards each day. Vineyards lie on the and Istranca mountains, hiking and SPA plain off the road to Edirne, along the hilly facilities could be offered. Wine tourists can shore of the Sea of Marmara, on the enjoy walks in the vineyards, visit the Gallipoli peninsula and also on Avsa Island winery, enjoy wine tastings and a pleasant and Bozcaada Island and relaxing dinner. The menu has been (http://www.goturkeytourism.com/ things- prepared to be an elegant expression of the to-do/wine-routes-of-turkey.html). local and gourmet tastes Not only the local market but the (https://www.winerist.com/wineries/thrace/ international markets have become arcadia-vineyards). increasingly important for the Turkish - “Counseling” and “orienting” approaches wineries. They are now offered in some of rather than “prevention” should be adopted the best restaurants in the world, and in legislations; wine laws and vineyard winemakers are offering vineyard and food register should be introduced and local experiences for tourists, which allows them authorities should be supported in their to promote their wines worldwide endeavors towards sustainability. A good (https://www.vivino.com/wine-news/on- example for the sustainability could be the the-historical-thrace-wine-route-6- International Ch Kalpak Vineyards Art wineries-to-visit). Turkish wine makers are Festival & Workshop, which was held in finding their market as boutique and niche July, 2-9. 2017 (http://kalpak.net/). market brands and they can expect - The success of the wine routes depends on continued growth in the coming years as effective management and marketing they become more mature involving the principles of pleasure, rest (http://www.alainwursching.com/wine- and hospitality. Public and local authorities, blog). non-governmental organizations, the private sector, universities and professional organizations should cooperate in all practices. In Australia there is a network of References relationships between the wineries, tourist Journal: authorities and government agencies which creates a strong synergy and makes the Carlsen, J. (2004). A Review of Global Wine Tourism Research, Journal of Wine territory attractive (Türker and Research, 15:1, pp.5-13. Alaeddinoglu, 2016). Forming alliances with restaurants and bed and breakfast Türker, N. and Alaeddinoglu, F. (2016). From Wine Production to Wine Tourism Experience: establishments in the Thrace Region is an the Case of Anatolia, Turkey, Journal of important way to promote wine tourism and Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 4/3, has the potential to attract tourists to the Gazi Üniversitesi, , pp.25-37. region. Book: Ali-Knight, J. and Carlsen, J. (2003). An Exploration Weismayer, C., Lalicic, L. and Bauer F. 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Keywords: Wine Routes, Thrace, Wine Tourism, Vineyards, Turkey.