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Ġstanbul Technical University Institute of Science ĠSTANBUL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY THE CONSISTENCY OF SIGHT DISTANCE ON RURAL SINGLE CARRIAGEWAYS M.Sc. Thesis by Elif Meral DEMUR Department : Civil Engineering Programme : Transport Engineering Thesis Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Murat Ergün JUNE 2011 ĠSTANBUL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY THE CONSISTENCY OF SIGHT DISTANCE ON RURAL SINGLE CARRIAGEWAYS M.Sc. Thesis by Elif Meral DEMUR (501081407) Date of submission : 6 May 2011 Date of defence examination: 10 June 2011 Supervisor (Chairman) : Assoc. Prof. Dr. Murat Ergün (ITU) Members of the Examining Committee : Dr. Adem Faik Ġyinam (ITU) Assist. Prof. Dr. Metehan Ġncegül (YU) JUNE 2011 ĠSTANBUL TEKNĠK ÜNĠVERSĠTESĠ FEN BĠLĠMLERĠ ENSTĠTÜSÜ ĠKĠ ġERĠTLĠ BÖLÜNMEMĠġ YOLLARDA GÖRÜġ MESAFESĠ SÜREKLĠLĠĞĠNĠN YOL GÜVENLĠĞĠNE ETKĠSĠ YÜKSEK LĠSANS TEZĠ Elif Meral DEMUR (501081407) Tezin Enstitüye Verildiği Tarih : 6 Mayıs 2011 Tezin Savunulduğu Tarih : 10 Haziran 2011 Tez DanıĢmanı : Doç. Dr. Murat Ergün (ĠTÜ) Diğer Jüri Üyeleri : Dr. Adem Faik Ġyinam (ĠTÜ) Yrd. Doç. Dr. Metehan Ġncegül (YÜ) HAZĠRAN 2011 FOREWORD I would like to thank many people who gave me their support and advice during my Master study. Firstly, I am thankful to my supervisor, Roger Bird, who shared his thoughts with me to start this research at Newcastle University. I will never forget how much enthusiasm I had, to find a method to carry out this study. He gave me all his support throughout the research. I have learned many things from him about Highway Engineering and also about British culture since I arrived at Newcastle. I am very pleased to study under his supervision. I would like to thank my advisor, Murat Ergün, who gave me all his support from Istanbul Technical University while I was studying in Newcastle. I am grateful to him because of his advice and understanding during my research. I am also thankful to my previous advisor, Kemal Selçuk Öğüt, for his encouragement and help for my future study. It is pleasant to say that I studied with support of both İstanbul Technical University and Newcastle University which are undoubtedly well established Universities. I would like to thank Transport Groups and all members of both Universities for the substantial study opportunities. I would like to thank Pauline Miller, for her assistance during my research, Joel Gregory and Lee Gregory for their great supports about 12d Model software, Ibrahim Hassan Hashim for his assistance by sharing his previous research data, Gateshead Council for their help with accident records of Northumberland, and all people who supported me during this research. Finally, I am indebted to my family for their continuous love, sacrifice and support; my precious mother for everything she does, and my dear brother who always stands by me. I would like to give my thanks to God for giving me such a great family and a beautiful life. June 2011 Elif Meral Demur v vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................... vii ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................... ix LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................... xi LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................ xiii SUMMARY .............................................................................................................. xv ÖZET ....................................................................................................................... xvii 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1 1.1 General Introduction. ......................................................................................... 1 1.2 Scope of Study ................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Research Objectives. .......................................................................................... 3 1.4 Research Stages. ................................................................................................. 4 1.4.1 Analyzing Consistency of Sight Distance ................................................... 4 1.4.2 Analyzing the Relationship Between Consistency of Sight Distance and Accident Rates ............................................................................................ 4 1.5 Structure of the Study ......................................................................................... 4 2. LITERATURE REVIEW ...................................................................................... 7 2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 7 2.2 Geometric Design Standards .............................................................................. 7 2.2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 7 2.2.2 General Principles ....................................................................................... 8 2.3 Definitions of Geometric Design Consistency ................................................... 8 2.4 Sight Distance .................................................................................................. 10 2.4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................... 10 2.4.2 Calculation of Sight Distance ................................................................... 10 2.4.3 Sight Distance Measurements .................................................................. 12 2.5 The Relationship Between Design Consistency, Sight Distance and Safety ... 15 2.5.1 Design Consistency and Safety ................................................................. 15 2.5.2 Sight Distance and Road Safety ................................................................ 17 2.6 Conclusion ........................................................................................................ 18 3. ANALYZING CONSISTENCY OF SIGHT DISTANCE .............................. 19 3.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 19 3.2 Data Collection ................................................................................................ 19 3.2.1 Road Selection .......................................................................................... 19 3.2.2 Estimation of Highway Geometry ............................................................ 21 3.3 Measuring Sight Distance via 12D Model ...................................................... 24 3.3.1 Introduction .............................................................................................. 24 3.3.2 Sight Distance Measurement .................................................................... 26 3.4 Analyzing Consistency of Sight Distance ....................................................... 29 3.4.1 Introduction .............................................................................................. 29 3.4.2 Consistency Analysis ................................................................................ 30 3.5 Conclusion ....................................................................................................... 37 vii 4. ANALYZING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CONSISTENCY OF SIGHT DISTANCE AND ACCIDENT RATES. ................................................. 39 4.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 39 4.2 Accident Records ............................................................................................. 39 4.3 Analysing the Consistency of Sight Distance on Accident Locations ............. 41 4.4 Conclusion ........................................................................................................ 44 5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................... 47 5.1 Summary and Conclusion................................................................................. 47 5.2 Recommendations ........................................................................................... 49 REFERENCES ......................................................................................................... 51 APPENDICES ......................................................................................................... 53 A 12D Model Files .............................................................................................. 54 B Sight Distance Measurement Reports .............................................................. 55 C Consistency Analysis Tables ......................................................................... 174 D Accident Brief Reports .................................................................................. 185 CURRICULUM VITAE ....................................................................................... 195 viii ABBREVIATIONS DoT : Department of Transport FOSD : Full Overtaking Sight Distance g : Acceleration of Gravity (m/sec2) GIS : Geographic Information System GPS : Global Positioning System Lidar : Light Detection and Ranging OS : Ordnance Survey SSD : Stopping Sight Distance WHO : World Health Organization Vd : Design Speed V : 85th Percentile
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