Van Bruinessen, Martin [1992] Agha, Shaikh and State
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Report on the Protection of Civilians in the Armed Conflict in Iraq
HUMAN RIGHTS UNAMI Office of the United Nations United Nations Assistance Mission High Commissioner for for Iraq – Human Rights Office Human Rights Report on the Protection of Civilians in the Armed Conflict in Iraq: 11 December 2014 – 30 April 2015 “The United Nations has serious concerns about the thousands of civilians, including women and children, who remain captive by ISIL or remain in areas under the control of ISIL or where armed conflict is taking place. I am particularly concerned about the toll that acts of terrorism continue to take on ordinary Iraqi people. Iraq, and the international community must do more to ensure that the victims of these violations are given appropriate care and protection - and that any individual who has perpetrated crimes or violations is held accountable according to law.” − Mr. Ján Kubiš Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General in Iraq, 12 June 2015, Baghdad “Civilians continue to be the primary victims of the ongoing armed conflict in Iraq - and are being subjected to human rights violations and abuses on a daily basis, particularly at the hands of the so-called Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. Ensuring accountability for these crimes and violations will be paramount if the Government is to ensure justice for the victims and is to restore trust between communities. It is also important to send a clear message that crimes such as these will not go unpunished’’ - Mr. Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, 12 June 2015, Geneva Contents Summary ...................................................................................................................................... i Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 1 Methodology .............................................................................................................................. -
Bibliography Abrahamian, E., Iran Between Two Revolutions (Princeton/New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1982)
Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/18583 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Author: Nerwiy, Hawar Khalil Taher Title: The Republic of Kurdistan, 1946 Issue Date: 2012-03-13 Bibliography Abrahamian, E., Iran Between Two Revolutions (Princeton/New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1982). Allworth, Edward (ed.), Central Asia, 120 Years of Russian Rule (London: Duke University Press, 1989). Amanat, Abbas, The pivot of the Universe: Nasir al-Din Shah Qajar and the Iranian Monarchy, 1831-1896 (London: Tauris, 1997). Anderson, B., Imagined Communities – Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism (2nd ed., London/New York: Verso, 1991). Andrew, Christopher and Vasili Mitrokhin, The Mitrokhin Archive: The KGB IN Europe and the West (Penguin Books Press, 2000). Archer, Clive, International Organizations (2nd ed., Routledge, London/New York, 1992). Arfa, Hassan, The Kurds: An Historical and Political Study (London: Oxford University Press, 1966). Armstrong, David, Lorna Lloyd and John Redmond, International Organization in World Politics (3th ed., Palgrave Macmillan, 2004). Atabaki, T. (ed.), Iran and the First World War: Battleground of the Great Powers (London: I.B. Tauris, 2006). __, and Erik J. Zürcher, Men of Order: Authoritarian Modernization under Atatürk and Reza Shah (London/New York: I.B. Tauris, 2004). __, Azerbaijan: Ethnicity and the Struggle for Power in Iran (2nd ed., London: I.B. Tauris and Co Ltd, 2000). __, Ethnicity And Autonomy in Iranian Azerbayjan: The Autonomous Government of Azerbayjan 1946 (Ph.D. thesis, Utrecht University, 1991). Azimi, Fakhreddin, Iran: The Crisis of Democracy 1941-1953 (London: I.B. Tauris and Co Ltd Publishers, 1989). -
Wash Needs in Schools Iraq
COMPARATIVE OVERVIEW WASH NEEDS IN SCHOOLS OF KEY INDICATORS Note: Findings derived from WFP data are December 2019 IRAQ presented in turquoise boxes. Methodology Water Hygiene Sanitation 1 3 2 REACH Number of HH surveys conducted by Number of schools assessed by WFP Drinking water from a water source is available Drinking water from a water source is available Drinking water comes from an improved water source The water quality is perceived to be acceptable The main water source is at the school's premises Has access to handwashing facilities Has access to handwashing facilities of which is having water and soap available of which is functional of which is having soap Has access to improved sanitation facilities number of Average functional student toilets per school building number of toilets Average for students number of Average students per toilet Has access to student toilets separated by gender Has access to student toilets separated by gender Has unusable toilets Is having a good structural condition of student toilets Is having a good hygienic condition of student toilets Al-Falluja 115 88% 100% 78% 93% 100% 97% 100% 9,1 82% 0% Al-Ramadi 80 83% 98% 81% 98% 100% 100% 100% 8,6 93% 0% Al-Anbar Ana 74 31 44% 65% 87% 49% 72% 94% 94% 64% 66% 62% 94% 5,8 5,4 36 90% 90% 23% 100% 71% Heet 87 72% 100% 60% 100% 93% 97% 100% 9,0 88% 0% Shat Al-Arab 98 12% 92% 83% 11% 7,2 91 77% 56% 46% Al-Basrah Al-Khidhir 70 50% 66% 76% 11% 5,8 69 79% 74% 32% Al-Muthanna Al-Kufa 120 21% 46% 71% 99% 100% 23% 99% 6.5 71% 27% Al-Najaf Al-Najaf 94 2% 95% 98% -
5. Kurdish Tribes
Country Policy and Information Note Iraq: Blood feuds Version 1.0 August 2017 Preface This note provides country of origin information (COI) and policy guidance to Home Office decision makers on handling particular types of protection and human rights claims. This includes whether claims are likely to justify the granting of asylum, humanitarian protection or discretionary leave and whether – in the event of a claim being refused – it is likely to be certifiable as ‘clearly unfounded’ under s94 of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002. Decision makers must consider claims on an individual basis, taking into account the case specific facts and all relevant evidence, including: the policy guidance contained with this note; the available COI; any applicable caselaw; and the Home Office casework guidance in relation to relevant policies. Country Information COI in this note has been researched in accordance with principles set out in the Common EU [European Union] Guidelines for Processing Country of Origin Information (COI) and the European Asylum Support Office’s research guidelines, Country of Origin Information report methodology, namely taking into account its relevance, reliability, accuracy, objectivity, currency, transparency and traceability. All information is carefully selected from generally reliable, publicly accessible sources or is information that can be made publicly available. Full publication details of supporting documentation are provided in footnotes. Multiple sourcing is normally used to ensure that the information is accurate, balanced and corroborated, and that a comprehensive and up-to-date picture at the time of publication is provided. Information is compared and contrasted, whenever possible, to provide a range of views and opinions. -
Diyala Governorate, Kifri District
( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( Iraq- Diyala Governorate, Kifri( District ( ( ( ( (( ( ( ( ( ( ( Daquq District ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( Omar Sofi Kushak ( Kani Ubed Chachan Nawjul IQ-P23893 IQ-P05249 Kharabah داﻗوق ) ) IQ-P23842 ( ( IQ-P23892 ( Chamchamal District ( Galalkawa ( IQ-P04192 Turkey Haji Namiq Razyana Laki Qadir IQ-D074 Shekh Binzekhil IQ-P05190 IQ-P05342 ) )! ) ﺟﻣﺟﻣﺎل ) Sarhang ) Changalawa IQ-P05159 Mosul ! Hawwazi IQ-P04194 Alyan Big Kozakul IQ-P16607 IQ-P23914 IQ-P05137 Erbil IQ-P05268 Sarkal ( Imam IQ-D024 ( Qawali ( ( Syria ( IranAziz ( Daquq District Muhammad Garmk Darka Hawara Raqa IQ-P05354 IQ-P23872 IQ-P05331 Albu IQ-P23854 IQ-P05176 IQ-P052B2a6 ghdad Sarkal ( ( ( ( ( ! ( Sabah [2] Ramadi ( Piramoni Khapakwer Kaka Bra Kuna Kotr G!\amakhal Khusraw داﻗوق ) ( IQ-P23823 IQ-P05311 IQ-P05261 IQ-P05235 IQ-P05270 IQ-P05191 IQ-P05355 ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( Jordan ( ( ! ( ( ( IQ-D074 Bashtappa Bash Tappa Ibrahim Big Qala Charmala Hawara Qula NaGjafoma Zard Little IQ-P23835 IQ-P23869 IQ-P05319 IQ-P05225 IQ-P05199 ( IQ-P23837 ( Bashtappa Warani ( ( Alyan ( Ahmadawa ( ( Shahiwan Big Basrah! ( Gomatzbor Arab Agha Upper Little Tappa Spi Zhalan Roghzayi Sarnawa IQ-P23912 IQ-P23856 IQ-P23836 IQ-P23826 IQ-P23934 IQ-P05138 IQ-P05384 IQ-P05427 IQ-P05134 IQ-P05358 ( Hay Al Qala [1] ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( Ibrahim Little ( ( ( ( ( ( ( Ta'akhi IQ-P23900 Tepe Charmuk Latif Agha Saudi ArabiaKhalwa Kuwait IQ-P23870 Zhalan ( IQ-P23865 IQ-P23925 ( ( IQ-P23885 Sulaymaniyah Governorate Roghzayi IQ-P05257 ( ( ( ( ( Wa(rani -
Zazai Tribe’ Mean Anything About the Origin of Zaza People? (Zazai Aşireti Zazaların Kökeni Hakkında Bir Şeyler Söyleyebilir Mi?)
Bingöl Üniversitesi Yaşayan Diller Enstitüsü Dergisi Yıl:1, Cilt:1, Sayı:1, Ocak 2015, ss. 115-123 Can ‘Zazai Tribe’ Mean Anything About The Origin Of Zaza People? (Zazai Aşireti Zazaların Kökeni Hakkında Bir Şeyler Söyleyebilir Mi?) Rasim BOZBUĞA1 Abstract The main purpose of this paper is to review bibliography and investigate relevant information about Zazai tribe and Zaza people in order to explore pos- sible connection between them. Findings about Zazas and Zazai Pastun tribe indicate that these two groups have strong connection which is more than ha- ving phonological similar names. Moreover, religious, cultural, historical re- semblances point out that these two groups share some mutual characteristics. Indeed, it is strongly possible that these two groups have originated from same ancestors or same areas (i.e. greater Khorasan or Northern Iran). Keywords : Zazas, Zaza People, The Origin Of The Zazas, Zazai Peshtun Tribe And Zaza Peshtun. Özet Zazai aşiretiyle Zaza halkı arasında ses benzerliği dışında ilişki bulunup bu- lunmadığı sorusunu cevaplamaya çalışan bu çalışmada Zazai aşiretiyle Zaza halkı arasında dilbilimsel, dinsel, kültürel ve yaşam biçimi açısından dikkat çekici benzerliklerin bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir. Zazaca’nın en yakın olduğu dillerden biri olan Partça bazı kelimelerin hem Zazaca’da hem Peştunca’da bulunması, Peştun aşiretlerinden sadece Zazai aşiretiyle soy birliği olan Turi aşiretinin Şii olması, Zazai Attan dansıyla Alevi semahlarının benzer figürleri 1 Gazi Üniversitesi Siyaset Bilimi Doktora Öğrencisi Yıl/Year:1, Cilt/Volume:1, Sayı/Issue:1, Ocak 2015 116 Rasim BOZBUĞA içermesi, Zazai aşiretinin yaşadığı bölgelerin Zazaların yaşadığı coğrafya gibi dağlık alanlar olması, Zazai aşiretinin ataları arasında Zaza-Goran gruplar ara- sında bulunan Kakai adında atanın olması, Zazai aşiretinin içinde bulundugu Karlan grubunun sonradan Peştunlaştığına ilişkin rivayetler Zazai aşiretiyle Zaza/Goran halkının ortak bir coğrafya yada ortak bir soydan gelmiş olabilece- ği varsayımını güçlendirmektedir. -
Sulaymaniyah Governorate Profile 2014 Draft 1.4.Indd
IOM IRAQ GOVERNORATE PROFILE: SULAYMANIYAH APRIL 2014 KEY ISSUES FACING ANBAR CRISIS IDPS1 POPULATION FIGURES 39% of sites assessed were without adequate IDPs due to the Anbar crisis2 healthcare for IDP women 20,028 Syrian refugees3 91% of sites had IDP children not attending 25,148 primary or secondary school 894 Iraqi returnees from Syria4 96% of sites had Anbar IDPs unable to afford commodities 1.5 million total population5 96% of IDPs assessed are living in rented housing IDP FAMILIES AND LOCATIONS IDENTIFIED 87% of sites were without bedding available to most 6 IDPs DUE TO THE ANBAR CRISIS Families displaced due to Anbar Crisis 7 Rania OVERVIEW 0-168 Pshdar Sulaymaniyah, located in the northeast corner of Iraq, is part of the 169-803 Dokan semiautonomous Kurdish Regional Government (KRG). It currently hosts over 18,000 IDPs from Anbar as well as a significant population Sharbazher 804-2091 of Syrian refugees, 15,000 of which are in the Arbat Transit camp in the Penjwin southern region of the governorate. Sulaymaniyah is an attractive place for displaced families, as it enjoys stable security and a comparatively strong economy. By far, the most common type of housing for Anbar Crisis 2092-7727 Sulaymaniyah IDPs in Sulaymaniyah is rented housing. Many IDPs in this governorate are Chamchamal Halabja struggling due to a lack of employment opportunities, a language barrier, and the inability to afford commodities. Kalar 7728-16652 Darbandikhan This profile is an update to the 2013 governorate profile, available here: http://iomiraq.net/reports/sulaymaniyah-governorate-profile Sites identified 1 56 locations were identied in Sulaymaniyah as hosting IDPs; 54 of 2, 6 Figures based on April 2014 DTM, www.iomiraq.net/dtm-page 5 Figure from Central Statistical Organization – Republic of Iraq, 2009. -
Read the Full PDF
en Books published to date in the continuing series o .:: -m -I J> SOVIET ADVANCES IN THE MIDDLE EAST, George Lenczowski, 1971. 176 C pages, $4.00 ;; Explores and analyzes recent Soviet policies in the Middle East in terms of their historical background, ideological foundations and pragmatic application in the 2 political, economic and military sectors. n PRIVATE ENTERPRISE AND SOCIALISM IN THE MIDDLE EAST, Howard S. Ellis, m 1970. 123 pages, $3.00 en Summarizes recent economic developments in the Middle East. Discusses the 2- significance of Soviet economic relations with countries in the area and suggests new approaches for American economic assistance. -I :::I: TRADE PATTERNS IN THE MIDDLE EAST, Lee E. Preston in association with m Karim A. Nashashibi, 1970. 93 pages, $3.00 3: Analyzes trade flows within the Middle East and between that area and other areas of the world. Describes special trade relationships between individual -C Middle Eastern countries and certain others, such as Lebanon-France, U.S .S.R. C Egypt, and U.S.-Israel. r m THE DILEMMA OF ISRAEL, Harry B. Ellis, 1970. 107 pages, $3.00 m Traces the history of modern Israel. Analyzes Israel 's internal political, eco J> nomic, and social structure and its relationships with the Arabs, the United en Nations, and the United States. -I JERUSALEM: KEYSTONE OF AN ARAB-ISRAELI SETTLEMENT, Richard H. Pfaff, 1969. 54 pages, $2.00 Suggests and analyzes seven policy choices for the United States. Discusses the religious significance of Jerusalem to Christians, Jews, and Moslems, and points out the cultural gulf between the Arabs of the Old City and the Western r oriented Israelis of West Jerusalem. -
The Dubai Initiative
The Dubai Initiative Working Paper Securing the Peace: The Battle over Ethnicity and Energy in Modern Iraq Justin Dargin Securing the Peace: The Battle over Ethnicity and Energy in Modern Iraq Dubai Initiative – Working Paper Justin Dargin Research Fellow, The Dubai Initiative Better Center for Science and International Affairs Harvard University June 2009 SeCURIng THe Peace: THe Battle oveR eTHnICITy AnD eneRgy In MoDeRn IRAq | 1 “There is something very sinister to my mind in this Mesopotamian entanglement.” Winston Churchill letter to Prime Minister David Lloyd George, August 1920 I. Introduction This article examines the legal and political impediments to the Kurd- ish Regional Government’s (KRG) exploration and production contracts, which the central government in Baghdad has refused to recognize. The newly estab- lished Iraqi national constitution significantly opened as many petroleum-control questions as it resolved. Negotiated in 2005, the constitution not only separated branches of government, but established Federalism as its lodestar. When faced with unresolved issues over regional and national control over petroleum resourc- es, however, International Oil Companies (IOCs) function in an ambiguous legal environment that fails to clearly distinguish between federal and regional powers Article 112(1) of the constitution grants the central government a condi- tional right to “…undertake management of oil and gas extracted from present oil and gas fields…” (emphasis mine). Reflective of Iraq’s commitment to federalism, the right to manage oil fields is shared by the central government, the produc- ing governorates and the regional governments. Article 112(1) could, therefore, be construed to mean that the central government has no right to exercise authority over nonproducing fields and future fields: rights that are not explicitly granted to the federal government may be held as residual rights by the regional authori- ties. -
To Download the PDF File
Nihilism and Technologies of Othering: The Kurds in Iran, Iraq and Turkey Jalal Dehzani A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Political Science Carleton University Ottawa, Canada January 2008 © Jalal Dehzani Library and Bibliotheque et 1*1 Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-40519-2 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-40519-2 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par Plntemet, prefer, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans loan, distribute and sell theses le monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non sur support microforme, papier, electronique commercial purposes, in microform, et/ou autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. this thesis. Neither the thesis Ni la these ni des extraits substantiels de nor substantial extracts from it celle-ci ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement may be printed or otherwise reproduits sans son autorisation. -
Migration, Memory and Mythification: Relocation of Suleymani Tribes on the Northern Ottoman–Iranian Frontier
Middle Eastern Studies ISSN: 0026-3206 (Print) 1743-7881 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/fmes20 Migration, memory and mythification: relocation of Suleymani tribes on the northern Ottoman–Iranian frontier Erdal Çiftçi To cite this article: Erdal Çiftçi (2018) Migration, memory and mythification: relocation of Suleymani tribes on the northern Ottoman–Iranian frontier, Middle Eastern Studies, 54:2, 270-288, DOI: 10.1080/00263206.2017.1393623 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/00263206.2017.1393623 Published online: 06 Nov 2017. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 361 View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=fmes20 MIDDLE EASTERN STUDIES, 2018 VOL. 54, NO. 2, 270–288 https://doi.org/10.1080/00263206.2017.1393623 Migration, memory and mythification: relocation of Suleymani tribes on the northern Ottoman–Iranian frontier Erdal Cift¸ ci¸ a,b aHistory Department, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; bHistory Department, Mardin Artuklu University, Mardin, Turkey Although some researchers have studied the relationship between hereditary Kurdish emirs and the Ottoman central government, there has been little discussion of the role played by Kurdish tribes, and Kurdish tribes in general have been omitted from scholars’ narratives. Researchers have mostly discussed how Idris-i Bidlisi became an intermediary between the Ottoman central government and the disinherited Kurdish emirs, some of whom had been removed from power by the Safavids. In this article, we will not focus on the condominium between the Ottoman central government and the Kurdish emirs, but rather, we will draw attention to the roles played by the Kurdish tribes – specifically, the role played by the Suleymani tribes during the period dominated by local political upheaval in the sixteenth century. -
Thewahhabi Threat in Syria (Bilad Al-Sham)And Its Influence on The
Osama M. ABU NAHEL Journal of Islamic Research. 2020;31(3):479-92 ARAŞTIRMA VE İNCELEME RESEARCH The Wahhabi Threat in Syria (Bilad al-Sham) and its influence on the Appointment of Suleiman Pasha on Damascus Provinc Suriye (Bilad-ı Şam)’de Vehhabî Tehdidi ve Süleyman Paşa’nın Şam Eyaletine Atanmasına Etkisi Osama M. ABU NAHEL a ABSTRACT The Wahhabis had attacked the south of Iraq before Suleiman pasha's rule of Sidon. They controlled their holy cities for Shiite Muslims, they destroyed everything. Neither the O t- aDepartment of History, tomans nor the governors were able to stop the Wahhabis geographical expansion. Moreover, Faculty of Arts and they controlled the holy cities of Hijaz such as Makkah and Madinah. Therefore, it was an oblig a- Human Sciences Al Azhar University, tion to the Ottoman Sultan to secure the safety of pilgrimage and to r eturn the two cities to his Gaza, PALESTINE direct control. The governors of Damascus failed in finishing off the Wahhabis dominance; co n- sequently, the Wahhabis intentionally had attacked the neighboring areas of Damascus. This was Received: 04.08.2020 considered a blunted challenge to the power of the Ottoman Sultanate and its governors of D a- Received in revised form: 15.11.2020 Accepted: 16.11.2020 mascus which forced the High Porte to depose the governors of Damascus Abdullah Pasha al-Azm Available online: 31.12.2020 and Yusuf Kanj Pasha and appointing Suleiman pasha as a governor of Damascus and Tripoli. Correspondence: Key words: The Wahhabi; Suleiman Pasha; Damascus province; Ottoman Sultanate; Acre Osama M.