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Compiled by UNA REES
Index Compiled by UNA REES Abhotl. E.A., 276 church, 209-10, 214 Abingdon, 206 hundred, 293 abbey, 61-2 Banbury, 172, 295-6 abbot, Aethelwine. 61 road 10, 16-23 Adand, Arthur, 272 barrow, 1-·3, 7, 12, 16-17, 19--20,285 Henry, 272-4, 298 Ba~·eux, bpI of, Hervey, 216 al!rial photography, 20, 285, 290 Bayzand, Ric., 299 Aethdmar, ealdorman, 61 Beaufiz family, 218, 231, 233 Aethelred, II , king, 26. 70, 73 Henry, 216-17, 232 A~as's map or Oxford, 96, 99,100,102.104,108-11, juliana, wife of, 216-17 115, 12:1-4, 127, 145 Lucy, dau. of, 217, 219, 222-3, 225, 232 agriculture Matilda, dau. of, 217, 232 beekeeping, 197 Beedon, Berks., 279 common land, 231-2 Belstead, Thos., 261 cows, 227, 260, 291 Bennett, John, 262 demesne, 23, 26, 217-19, 227-8, 232 Bcrnwood, Forest, 216, 231 (icld·syslcms, 223-5, 238, 290 Bt'sse ls, Sir Peter, 146, 204 crops in, 227-8 Bicester, 169, 172 harvt'sting. 229, 235 priory, 230 oxen, 227, 231, 233 road to, 1&-19 pannage, 229--30 Bigbury in Shipton on Cherwell, 17, 19 p;gs, 229-30, 291 Bishop, Bartholomew, 52 ploughing, 227 Nicholas, 52 sherp, 228, 230-1, 235, 237, 291 Bladon, 18--19, 292 see also land Bogis, Geo., 262 Agriculture. Royal Commission on, 265 bones, human, 143, 147-8, 188--90, 286, m burials AlcheSltT, 290--1 animals and fowls, 8,120-1. 130, 155, 190--92,200, alien priories, 45 205, 291 Alynlon. Rob., 293 fish, 154-7, 192-3, 197-8, 205-6, 291 Aquileia, 5, 11 - 12 bone and ivory objects, 37-40, 64. -
The Two Anglo-Saxon Burhs of Oxford
The Two Anglo-Saxon Burhs of Oxford Jeremy Haslam SUMMARY This article puts forward a new context and chronology for the development of the two parts of the late Saxon burh at Oxford, using archaeological, topographical, and historical evidence. It argues that the original burh was created in c.878–9 and that the eastern extension – effectively a second burh – was added in the early tenth century. Both dates are earlier than those usually proposed. The results of recent excavations on the site of the Norman castle have made it possible not only to establish the original extent of the primary burh, but also to identify a phase of the re-defence in probably the early eleventh century as a response to renewed Viking raiding. general hypothesis which has emerged from work on the development of Oxford over a A century or more is that an original defended nucleus centred on the cross-roads at Carfax was augmented by a secondary defended area which formed an eastern extension at some later date. Observations of various kinds, mainly of an archaeological and topographical nature, have been adduced in support of this hypothesis, some aspects of which have recently been discussed by Julian Munby.1 Although many – but by no means all – of the arguments put forward in support of this hypothesis are compelling in combination, important aspects of Oxford’s early urban development remain uncertain or controversial. By applying what Anne Dodd has described as ‘a critical archaeological examination’ to the available evidence,2 it is possible to articulate a new model and revised timeframe for the origin and development of both of the primary and secondary burhs and to place them within their wider political and strategic contexts. -
Lordship of Chorlton
Barony of Wallingford Wallingford Principle English Baronies Seat/County Berkshire/Oxfordshire source by IJ Sanders Date History of Lordship Monarchs Unknown Siward is recorded as the equivalent of the Baron of Wallingford Alfred the Great 871-899 whose son Guy becomes Earl of Warwick in his wife’s name. 871 Creation of the English Monarchy th th 9 /10 Wallingford is a key strategic fortress situated on the Thames at Edward Elder 899-924 Centuries the border with Mercia. It plays a key role in defending against Athelstan 924-939 the Vikings and is of motte and bailey construction. Edmund I 939-946 Edred 946-955 Edwy 955-959 Edgar 959-975 Edward the Martyr 975-978 1006 Wallingford is burnt to the ground by King Sweyn of Denmark Ethelred 978-1016 after invading England from Southampton. Edmund II 1016 Canute 1016-1035 Harold I 1035-1040 Harthacnut 1040-1042 1050 A seal has been found from this date confirming Godwyn as Edward the Confessor 1042-1066 thegn and Godgytha his wife. Pre-Conquest Wigod (a Danish name) holds the fortified burh of Wallingford, probably coming over with King Canute. He is believed to be a housecarl (part of Canut’s royal bodyguard. Unknown Wigod is a minister of the Crown and potentially a “pincerna” (butler) to Edward the Confessor. He also holds Wallingford. 1066 Wigod is still holding Wallingford of King Harold and is titled a staller (military Governor). Wigod’s son, Toki, has significant Harold II 1066 land holdings under his father. Wallingford is the chief town of Berkshire. -
The South Oxfordshire Chilterns: an Overview
VCH Oxfordshire • Texts in Progress • The South Oxfordshire Chilterns (April 2021) • p. 1 VCH Oxfordshire Texts in Progress The South Oxfordshire Chilterns: An Overview This overview forms the introduction to VCH Oxfordshire XX (The South Oxfordshire Chilterns), which is complete and peer-reviewed, and will be published in 2021–2. The volume as a whole will cover Caversham, Checkendon, Crowmarsh Gifford, Eye and Dunsden, Goring, Ipsden, Mapledurham, Mongewell, Newnham Murren, North Stoke, Shiplake, and Whitchurch. Maps and illustrations in the final version will differ. ___________________________________________________________________ The twelve ancient parishes covered in this volume lie within a loop of the river Thames in the county’s south-east corner, straddling the Chiltern hills’ south-west end, and all formerly bordering Berkshire.1 Most formed long thin ‘strip’ parishes stretching from the river into the hills, encompassing scattered upland settlement and wood pasture as well as nucleated riverside villages – the site, in most cases, of the parish church. Though long interconnected, the hills and the vale still form distinct landscape zones, albeit now with some denser centres of upland settlement compared with earlier. Neighbouring riverside towns – Wallingford to the north-west, Reading to the south, and Henley-on-Thames to the north-east – exerted important influences from the Middle Ages, as did London some 40–50 miles to the east. The economy was predominantly agricultural until the 20th century, with woodland and woodland crafts playing a significant role, and local industry including small-scale brickmaking and quarrying alongside the usual rural trades. Gentrification gained momentum from the mid 19th century, accelerated by the arrival of the railway from 1840 and especially affecting the area’s attractive riverside villages, which saw extensive new building by wealthy incomers. -
6 the Genesis of the Honour of Wallingford
6 THE GENESIS OF THE HONOUR OF WALLINGFORD K. S. B. Keats-Rohan Abstract king. It also shows a clear link between him and the manors From a twelfth-century perspective, the honour of that constituted the honour of Wallingford after 1066. These Wallingford appears to be a typical Norman institution. holdings form the starting point for a discussion of the However, a re-examination of its constituent parts indicates honour’s formation. that through marriage it was largely derived from the lands Let us start with a brief reminder of why Wallingford of Wigod of Wallingford and his family. Wigod appears to was important (Figure 6.1). Lying on the river terrace, pro- have been one of Edward the Confessor’s stallers and the tected by a hinterland of well-watered higher ground and estates that he held were what was effectively a pre-con- surrounded by fertile agricultural land, it was an ideal settle- quest ‘castlery’with origins in a period before the formation ment area, well placed for the eventual development of a of the county of Berkshire. Throughout its history the town. In 1066 Wallingford was the last place upstream at honour was to remain under the tight control of the crown, which the Thames was fordable without bridge or boat. It reflecting its strategic role in the defence of the middle was a significant crossing point on a major waterway which Thames valley. had been exploited by the Saxons during the migration period in the 5th and 6th centuries, and subsequently devel- Keywords oped for both defensive and economic purposes. -
Beckley and Stowood Neighbourhood Plan Steering Group
1 Beckley and Stowood Neighbourhood Plan Steering Group Chairman Cllr Ginette Camps-Walsh Secretary and Hon. Treasurer Sian Jeffrey Design Nick Crowley History Caroline Gordon-Duff History and Leisure Ann Henman Landscape and Farming Geoff Henman The Abingdon Arms Mike Hobbs Acknowledgments We wish to thank all the Beckley and Stowood residents, businesses and local organisations who took part in our consultations and public meetings. We would like to thank SODC’s (South Oxfordshire District Council) Neighbourhood Planning Officers for their help and guidance - • Rachael Riach • Ricardo Rios • Simon Rowberry • Charlotte Colver • Luke Brown Quotations from external documents are in italics in blue The photograph of Abingdon Arms is used with kind permission of Beckley Area Community Benefit Society ©2017 2 CONTENTS PAGE SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION – THE PARISH OF BECKLEY AND STOWOOD 5 1.1. How the Neighbourhood Plan fits into the Planning System 5 1.2. What is a Neighbourhood Plan? 6 1.3. How this Plan is organised? 7 2. BECKLEY AND STOWOOD PARISH 8 2.1. About Beckley and Stowood 9 2.2 Landscape and Geography 10 2.2.1. Landscape Assessment for Beckley and Stowood 10 2.2.2. Water Courses and Flooding 12 2.3. Beckley and Stowood History 15 2.4. Population and Housing 26 2.5. Beckley Today 27 2.5.1 Housing 27 2.5.2. Initial Neighbourhood Plan Survey Results 28 2.6. Businesses and Local Organisations 29 2.6.1. Survey Results from Local Businesses and Organisations – Employers 29 2.6.2. Farming 30 2.6.3 The Abingdon Arms 32 2.7. -
Anglo-Saxon Aristocracy
-404- ANGLO-SAXON ARISTOCRACY ANGLO-SAXON ARISTOCRACY: TRACING LINEAGES by T S M Mōmmaerts-Browne1 ABSTRACT This piece was inspired by an earlier work by David Kelley, The House of Aethelred, in which he called for further research of Anglo-Saxon notables. The article traces the origins and peregrinations of fate of several Anglo-Saxon noble lineages. The author aims to show that some families were other branches of the Gewissæ, (the royal house of Wessex); while others were continuations of other royal families, sovereign, prior to the unification of Egbert, Æthelwulf, and sons. Thus, it is a study in the comparative vicissitudes of the various dynasties of the so-called 'heptarchy'. The results can be used to explore social and political evolution of these houses. One of the theses of this work is that it links more lines to the earlier dynasties, some of which hitherto lacked descents beyond their losses of sovereignty. Foundations (2005) 1 (6): 404-413 © Copyright FMG In the last century there has been much research into the relationships of Anglo- Saxon kings and nobles, with a consequent increase in our knowledge, not only of the genealogies involved, but also of the socio-political economic structures of pre- Norman England. Loyn (1963), Hart (1973) and Stenton (1971), have all accepted that the nobles were descended from royalty or collaterals of reigning lines. Jones (1989) discusses the uses of collaterals as sub-kings, and mentions both the occasional use of the word ‘satrap’ for ealdorman, and the possibility of using descendants of conquered dynasties as local governors, without mentioning that the word ‘satrap’ derives from the Persians, who used conquered dynasts in exactly this way. -
Topography of Great Britain Or, British Traveller's Pocket Directory : Being an Accurate and Comprehensive Topographical
I "*^M5 THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES TOPOGRAPHICAL AND STATISTICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE COUNTY OF WILTS. Containing an Account of it» Situation, •AKHARD AKD VAftLSV, SkiiiKerslieet, Loudon. HA 8 f ( 3 ) v:3 A TABLE OF THE PRINCIPAL TOWNS IN THE COUNTY. Their Distance from London^ Markets, Number of Houses and Inhabitants^ with the Time of the Arrival and Departure of the Post. Mar- Inhabi Post Departs. kets, taots. u ives. H. M. H. Frid. 723 II. f. Amesbury , 7S ir>6 3. a. Bradford 100 3*6 1819 10. f. 4. 30. a. Calae 91 Tues. 730 3547 . 50. f. Chippenham 97 Sat. 668 34l(» 8.f. Corshain 95 4' 2395 10 15. f.'5. 50. a Cricklade 84 Sat. 276 1556 11. f. 3. a. Devizes 90 M.Th. 696 3750 7. 25. f. 7. 20. a. GreatBedwin... 70 171 851 Heytesbury 9.i Thur 198 1023 t.a. 2. SO. a. Nighvvorth 7 Wed. 480 2514 9.f. 4. a. Hindoa 96 rhur. 170 781 Laycock 9i 280 1460 trtiggershall in m 487 Mahnsbuvy 95 Sat. 237 1152 Marlborough 74 Sat. 445 2b, 9 .f. 9, 30. a. Mer.- MM Thur. 436 2211 ls>. noon Melkshain 99 Thur. 763 4110 8. 46. f 6. 30. a. [Nirth Bradley. 100 149 1013 Pfwsey 76 '<!29 Ii09 Rainsnury 70 .S9S 2495 Salisbury T. S. 1533 8243 7. 20. f. Sherstoa 921 1141 Steeple As.ilou 140 6n7 Swindon Mon. 255 1.^41 !0.f. 4. a. Trowbridge Sat. 1138 60 T + 10. r. 4. 30. -
SOAG Bulletin 54
SOAG BULLETIN South Oxfordsh ire Archological Group No.54 1999 Archae Any statements made or opinions expressed in the SOAG BULLETIN are those of the authors alone for which the Group does not accept responsibility. © Copyright of the articles and illustrations remains with the authors. Cover Illustration: Plan of Gatehampton site and Roman knife Published by the South Oxfordshire Archological Group - 2000 ISSN 0953-2242 Acknowledgements of John Murray (Publishers) Ltd. for Emetts' cartoon from Alarms & Excursions, and the Northmoor Trust for their logo. SOAG BULLETIN No 54 - 1999 CONTENTS In Memoriam: Helen Robinson 2 President's Report for 1998-1999 2 Summer Excursions 1 999 - Wittenham Clumps 4 - Henley Museum 5 National Trúst Monitoring Group AGM 6 Conference - The Roman Invasion ofBritain 8 Gatehampton Farm - Interim Report by Cynthia Graham Kerr 10 Emetts' Cartoon . 14 Operation Wheelbarrow by Cynthia Graham Kerr 1 5 Greetings from the Land ofthe Springboks by Pieter & Erna Vorster 16 Eighteenth Century Chain Surveyors by Pal Preece 17 Field Names of Gitehampton byBill Jackson 23 The Hole Truth by Dr John White 32 Tribute 34 Some South Chiltern Wells byMary Kfl 35 The Goring Priory by Pat Preece 38 Ploughwash 41 . Map of Goring . 42 28th SOAG Accounts for year ending February 1999 43 General Information . 44 Articles, book reviews and news items are invited for publication in the 2000 issue of the SOAG Bulletin. Preference will be given to items relevant to South Oxfordshire, although others may be considered. Contributions (to be double-spaced), and preferably in Microsoft Word format, should be submitted to the Editor at the earliest opportunity by email or on disk, or, alternatively, typed or, as a very minimum, CLEARLY handwritten. -
Butlers and Dish-Bearers in Anglo-Saxon Courts: Household Officers at the Royal Table Alban Gautier
Butlers and dish-bearers in Anglo-Saxon courts: household officers at the royal table Alban Gautier To cite this version: Alban Gautier. Butlers and dish-bearers in Anglo-Saxon courts: household officers at the royal table. Historical Research, Wiley, 2017, 90 (248), pp.269-295. 10.1111/1468-2281.12181. hal-02186863 HAL Id: hal-02186863 https://hal-normandie-univ.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02186863 Submitted on 16 Nov 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Butlers and dish-bearers in Anglo-Saxon courts: household officers at the royal table It has been recognized for a long time that meals, and particularly festive meals— feasts or banquets, the words being, for all purposes, considered here as synonyms—played an important role in the life and political activity of Anglo-Saxon elites.1 Kings, thegns and other members of the elite—including some women—participated in feasts of political importance, in which both vertical and horizontal dimensions of power structures—that is, feelings of community and hierarchy—were at the same time established, consolidated and expressed.2 Instrumental in making such events a political success were a category of court officers which modern studies and translations of early medieval sources call ‘butlers’, ‘cupbearers’, ‘dish-bearers’ or ‘seneschals’. -
The Early Life of a Great Royal Fortress
Podcast transcript THE EARLY LIFE OF A GREAT ROYAL FORTRESS Hello and welcome to a podcast from Royal Collection Trust. This is the first in a series of lectures examining new research into the history of Windsor Castle. Dr Steven Brindle explores old Windsor and the early history of the castle from the year 1000AD to 1216. For more information about these and other learning events, please visit the 'What's On' section of our website. Richard. Thank you, thank you very much indeed and always remember, ladies and gentlemen, it’s quality not quantity that counts. Right, I am indeed the editor and lead author of The New History of Windsor, which the Royal Collection Trust are hoping to publish next year. And I wrote most of the medieval chapters, including the ones which relate to these periods. So the content is by may-, by way of being my responsibility or fault, whichever way you may come to think by the end of this presentation. Moving swiftly on to the content, we arrive here at one of the most superficially familiar, not to say famous places in Britain. A place so famous that in a way it always seems to have been here. The castle seems synonymous with the name. The name seems synonymous with the hill. And the castle absolutely seems to embody the idea of a great castle on a hill. But there is much in its early history which is paradoxical and strange. And amongst these things one might point out the fact, that in the in the very early stages, this place wasn't in Windsor at all. -
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Columtiia Mnibtviiitv in tibe Citp of iSeto fSotfe LIBRARY (Silt '^ut^VLtxul (tntxm 3nnh for tl|^ tnrrraai? of tl|i? Bltbrar^ iEBtablt0l|]?Ii 1908 ^-L^ loP* ^bmonir ®^«sto Hatos. A DIGEST OF THE OF #BB SI Being an Analysis of that portiofi of the Domesday Survey ivhich Relates to the County of Bedford^ and a Key to the Facsimile Edition of the same pitblished by Government BY liltUtam atrj. |¥l.a.. Lately Vicar of Keysoe^ Bedfordshire^ Rector of Swynshed^ and Rural Dean VvTITH PRELIMINARY NOTE BY HIS SON Ba^il mestnalti :^irp, £©.:^., Vicar of Whitwell^ Yorkshire ^^^li^^fes^iii BeUforD: PUBLISHED AT THE "MERCURY" PRESS, HIGH STREET 1881 PRELIMINARY NOTE BY THE AUTHOR'S SON. THE publication of this Work so long after the Author's decease seems to call for some explanation. Originally intended to follow upon the Facsimile of the Bedfordshire Domesday, published by Government in 1862, as an extension and translation of that document, the Work was delayed in its progress Trom various causes. When the translation was just completed, my father became convinced that a mere translation would be useless, and that, in order to serve the purpose which he designed for it, the Work must rather take the form of an Analysis. Consequently, after a short interval, he commenced this " Digest," which, under the pressure of much other business of one kind and another, progressed more slowly than he had anticipated. That the main part of it was finished in 1873 is evident from its dedication to Archdeacon Rose, who died in that year: but it was not until a few months before his own death in 1874 that my father spoke of the Work as being at last quite completed.