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Body Composition and Somatotype of Professional and U23 Hand Basque

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Body Composition and Somatotype of Professional and U23 Hand Basque Nutr Hosp. 2015;32(5):2208-2215 ISSN 0212-1611 • CODEN NUHOEQ S.V.R. 318 Original / Deporte y ejercicio Body composition and somatotype of professional and U23 hand Basque pelota players Aritz Urdampilleta1,2, Juan Mielgo -Ayuso2,3, Jara Valtueña3, Francis Holway4 and Alfredo Cordova5 1ElikaEsport®. Nutrition, Innovation & Sport. University of Deusto. Faculty of Psychology and Education, Spain. 2Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Isabel I. www.ui1.es, Spain. 3ImFine Research Group. Department of Health and Human Performance. Technical University of Madrid, Spain. 4Nutritionist of Club Atletico River Plate, Argentina. 5Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Valladolid (Soria), Spain. Abstract COMPOSICIÓN CORPORAL Y SOMATOTIPO DE LA MANO DE LOS JUGADORES DE Introduction: there is hardly any reference in scienti- PELOTA VASCA fic literature regarding anthropometric characteristics, body composition and somatotype of hand Basque pelota players (pelotaris). Resumen Objectives: the aim of this research was to analyze and Introducción: casi no hay ninguna referencia sobre las compare the anthropometry features and body composi- características antropométricas, la composición corporal tion of professional pelotaris and under-23 (U23) pelota- y el somatotipo de la mano de los jugadores de pelota vas- ris, to create an anthropometric profile of this sport. ca (pelotaris) en la literatura científica. Methods: the participants were ten U23 pelotaris, and Objetivos: el objetivo de esta investigación fue compa- eight professional pelotaris. Anthropometric measure- rar la composición corporal de pelotaris profesionales y ments were taken following the International Society of sub-23 para crear el perfil antropométrico de este deporte. Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK) protocol. Métodos: participaron diez pelotaris sub-23 y ocho pelo- Fat mass (FM) was calculated using the Yushasz equation taris profesionales. Las medidas antropométricas fueron re- modified by Carter and muscle mass (MM) using Lee cogidas siguiendo el protocolo de la Sociedad Internacional equation. For the somatotype components, the Carter y de Promoción de Protocolo Cineantropometría (ISAK). La Heath equation was applied. The hydration level (kg of masa grasa (FM) se calculó utilizando la ecuación Yushasz body water) of the players was measured with a four-po- modificada por Carter, y la masa muscular (MM) mediante le kind bioelectrical impedance (BIA) analyzer. Spss was la ecuación de Lee. Los componentes del somatotipo fueron used for the statistical analysis. estimados mediante la ecuación Carter y Heath. El nivel de Results: professional pelotaris have significantly lower FM hidratación de los pelotaris se midió con un analizador te- (p < 0.05) and lower sum of 4, 6 and 8 skinfolds (p = 0.001), trapolar de impedancia bioeléctrica (BIA). higher MM (p = 0.015), and a less endomorphic somatotype Resultados: los pelotaris profesionales tienen significa- (p < 0.001) than U23 pelotaris. Professionals have a greater tivamente menor FM (en % (p = 0,001); en kg (p = 0,025) y amount of body water (p = 0.001) and a larger bistyloid dia- en los sumatorios de 4, 6 y 8 pliegues cutáneos (p = 0,001); meter (p = 0.014). Professional pelotaris have a morphotype mayor MM (p = 0,015) y un menor componente endo- characterized by a low FM 8.9 ± 1.1% and medium MM mórfico (p < 0,001) que los pelotaris sub-23. Asimismo, 47 ± 1.7%, height of 183.0 ± 7.1 cm and BM of 85.9 ± 7.6 kg. los profesionales tienen una mayor cantidad de agua Conclusion: The main results of the present study corporal (p = 0,001) y un diámetro mayor biestiloideo de show that non-modifiable anthropometric features by muñeca (p = 0,014). Los pelotaris profesionales son un training (e.g. height, arm span and wrist breadth) are morfotipo caracterizado por una baja FM (8,9 ± 1,1%) important to become a professional pelotaris. Moreover, y una intermedia MM (47 ± 1,7%), además de tener una training and diet related features have been showed to be altura de 183,0 ± 7,1 cm y un peso de 85,9 ± 7,6 kg. better in professional pelotaris (low FM, higher MM and Conclusión: los principales resultados de este estudio high body water amount) than U23 pelotaris. mostraron que las características antropométricas no (Nutr Hosp. 2015;32:2208-2215) modificables por el entrenamiento (por ejemplo, altura, envergadura y diámetro de la muñeca) son componentes DOI:10.3305/nh.2015.32.5.9602 importantes para convertirse en un pelotari profesional. Key words: Basque pelota players. Anthropometry. Body Por otra parte, las características relacionadas con el en- composition. Somatotype. trenamiento y la dieta han mostrado ser mejores en los pelotaris profesionales (menor FM y mayor MM). Correspondence: Aritz Urdampilleta. Center for Research and Consulting ElikaEsport. (Nutr Hosp. 2015;32:2208-2215) Astigarrako Bidea, 3, 20180, Gipuzkoa (Spain). DOI:10.3305/nh.2015.32.5.9602 E-mail: [email protected] Palabras clave: Pelota vasca. Antropometría. Composi- Recibido: 7-VII-2015. Aceptado: 20-VIII-2015. ción corporal. Somatotipo. 2208 041_9602 Body composition and somatotype.indd 2208 26/10/15 23:30 Abbreviations the ball. 3) The wrist breadth provides higher stability and less hand vibration when striking, and 4) the length ∑4P: Four skinfold (Tricipitale + subscapulare + of the fingers are responsible to hit the ball which, if iliac crest + abdominale). longer, can help players to get a bigger boost when hi- ∑6P: 6 skinfold (Tricipitale + subscapulare + iliac tting the ball, contrary to shorter fingers, that are more crest + abdominale + thigh+ calf). liked to suffer from an injury2. Therefore, the length of ∑8P: 8 skinfold (Tricipitale + subscapulare + bicipita- the fingers can be anthropometric measurements with le + iliac crest + suprailiace + abdominale + thigh+ calf). a great importance. Besides, anthropometric measure- BC: Body composition. ments, body mass (BM), FM and MM, can also have an BIA: Bioelectrical impedance. influence on the arm, wrist and hand, as the whole body BM: Body mass. movement4. Hydration state allows muscle and bone to BMI: Body mass index. be more flexible and get the power avoiding from inju- FAPV: Basque Ball Federation of Alava. ries, being highly related with all this BC parameters. ISAK: International Society for the Advancement of To improve the performance in hand-pelota pla- Kinanthropometry. yers, and to give an adequate nutritional and sports MM: Muscle mass. counseling, it is important to know their BC3, soma- FM: Fat mass. totype9 and hydration level of the players. Only some U23: Under 23 age category. references relating to the BC of pelotaris have been described, showing few anthropometric parameters, as height, BM, FM and body mass index (BMI) in U23 Introduction pelotaris from the Spanish National Team1,10. Howe- ver, none references have showed about professional Basque pelota is the name for a variety of court pelotaris and their differences with U23 pelotaris. sports traditionally practiced in the Basque Country. Thus, the aim of this study was: 1) to describe the The most prominent feature of this game is the conti- body composition, anthropometric and somatotype nuous hitting of the ball against a wall, by the players features of professional pelotaris and to determine the alternately, using one’s hand, a racket, a wooden bat differences in these variables between professional or a basket1. Hand Basque pelota (hand-pelota) is an and U23 pelotaris. international sport only played by professionals in the north of Spain and the South of France. This professio- nal sport is played in a court with a double wall called Material and methods “fronton” of 36x10x10 m, in single or pair modality. Nowadays, the competition in professional hand-pelo- Participants ta is carried out with faster and heavier balls (102-105 gr) than under-23’s (U23) (98-102 gr), which require Data collection was conducted in a group of 18 higher speed and power demand when hitting the ball2. male pelotaris who play in individual modality (aged This undoubtedly has an effect on the body compo- 24.1±4.7, height 180.0±7.1 cm, and BM 82.7±8.2 kg). sition of professional hand-pelota players (pelotaris), Data are collected in February at the end of specific who are possibly stronger than U23. period. Participants were assigned to 1 of 2 groups, Anthropometric features and body composition (BC) based on their play level. The groups were allocated: of the players, are considered decisive for a high sport (i) Professional pelotaris: Eight professional pelotaris performance in many disciplines, especially fat mass from a total of the 48 Spanish professional pelotaris (FM) and muscle mass (MM) values2.3-5. A high FM were recruited from the two professional teams of percentage increases energy demand and reduces per- hand-pelota that exist in Spain and (ii) U23 pelota- formance in endurance sports6. However, MM is a good ris: ten U23 pelotaris recruited from the Basque Ball indicator of sports performance, being used as a control Federation of Alava (FAPV ) ranked in the top of the parameter of training, responsible for motor propul- category U23. They were designed by FAPV to play sion, energy production during high intensity activities, several international championships. and provides greater power and resistance strength7. All participants had over 5 years of experience in Furthermore, bone breadths and lengths could be competitions and followed the same training course determinant factors for hand-pelota performance as during 12 weeks highly and professionally supervised, its contribution in the biomechanics of the hitting mo- making a total of 3-4 weekly training sessions and 1-2 vement8. Thus, together with the arm span, 1) the bia- weekly matches before the study. cromial bone breadth, which enables the creation of Specific criteria such as having a valid federative a stable strength base at the proximal scapular girdle, license and not being injured at the moment of the re- necessary for the distal explosive strength production search were considered eligible for inclusion.
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