DOCSLIB.ORG

Comparative Study of Biological Characteristics, and Osteoblast Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Established from Camelu

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Comparative Study of Biological Characteristics, and Osteoblast Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Established from Camelu animals Article Comparative Study of Biological Characteristics, and Osteoblast Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Established from Camelus dromedarius Skeletal Muscle, Dermal Skin, and Adipose Tissues Young-Bum Son 1, Yeon Ik Jeong 1, Yeon Woo Jeong 1, Mohammad Shamim Hossein 1, Alex Tinson 2, Kuhad Kuldip Singh 2 and Woo Suk Hwang 1,* 1 UAE Biotech Research Center, Abu Dhabi 30310, United Arab Emirates; [email protected] (Y.-B.S.); [email protected] (Y.I.J.); [email protected] (Y.W.J.); [email protected] (M.S.H.) 2 Hilli E.T. Cloning and Surgical Centre Presidential Camels and Camel Racing Affairs, Al-Ain P.O. Box 17292, Unitied Arab Emirates; [email protected] (A.T.); [email protected] (K.K.S.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Simple Summary: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated in various types of tissues and exhibit different characteristics. In this study, MSCs were established from skeletal muscle, dermal skin, and adipose tissue from a single Camelus dromedarius donor. We also identified an efficient source for osteoblast differentiation and analyzed biological characteristics. Citation: Son, Y.-B.; Jeong, Y.I.; Jeong, Abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) showed in vitro mesoderm-lineage differentiation and Y.W.; Hossein, M.S.; Tinson, A.; Singh, self-renewal capacity. However, no comparative study was reported on the biological characteristics K.K.; Hwang, W.S. Comparative of stem cells derived from skeletal muscle (SM-MSCs), dermal skin (DS-MSCs), and adipose tissues Study of Biological Characteristics, (A-MSCs) from a single donor in camels. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of and Osteoblast Differentiation of MSCs source on stem cell characteristics. We evaluated proliferation capacity and mesoderm- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Established from Camelus dromedarius Skeletal lineage differentiation potential from SM-MSCs, DS-MSCs, and A-MSCs. They showed spindle-like Muscle, Dermal Skin, and Adipose morphology after homogenization. The proliferation ability was not significantly difference in any Tissues. Animals 2021, 11, 1017. of the groups. Furthermore, the portion of the cell cycle and expression of pluripotent markers https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11041017 (Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog) were similar in all cell lines at passage 3. The differentiation capacity of A-MSCs into adipocytes was significantly higher than that of SM-MSCs and DS-MSCs. However, Academic Editor: the osteoblast differentiation capacity of A-MSCs was significantly lower than that of SM-MSCs and Ioanna-Katerina Aggeli DS-MSCs. Additionally, after osteoblast differentiation, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium content significantly decreased in A-MSCs compared to SM-MSCs and DS-MSCs. To the Received: 24 February 2021 best of our knowledge, we primarily established MSCs from the single camel and demonstrated Accepted: 2 April 2021 their comparative characteristics, including expression of pluripotent factors and proliferation, and Published: 4 April 2021 in vitro differentiation capacity into adipocytes and osteoblasts. Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral Keywords: mesenchymal stem cells; Camelus dromedarius; skeletal muscle; dermal skin; adipose with regard to jurisdictional claims in tissue; differentiation published maps and institutional affil- iations. 1. Introduction The Camelus dromedarius is a domesticated camel and is a unique animal providing milk Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. and meat in desert areas because of its physiological adaptation to high temperature, intense This article is an open access article sunlight, and adaptability to water shortages [1,2]. Furthermore, camel racing is a very distributed under the terms and popular sport in the gulf areas and has great economic value [2]. As these racing camels are conditions of the Creative Commons trained from a young age, bone diseases, including bone fractures, are becoming a problem, Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// which is pointed out as a major cause of lameness in animals [3]. Generally, minor bone creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ defects due to fractures frequently appear, and most of them are regenerated into original 4.0/). tissues, but extensive bone defects due to severe trauma are difficult to treat [4]. Autogenous Animals 2021, 11, 1017. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11041017 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/animals Animals 2021, 11, 1017 2 of 12 bone graft has been attempted as a treatment for these extensive bone defects [5]. However, collecting autogenous bones accompanied by additional invasive surgery increases the risk of infection and pain [6]. Furthermore, the quantity of bones required for the grafts may be difficult to harvest and the quality of bone is also unpredictable [6,7]. Accordingly, attention has been focused on research for overcoming these bone diseases using stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising source of multipotent cells hav- ing self-replication, and multi-lineage capacity, including adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts [8–11]. They are suitable for stem cell therapeutic applications without any ethical issues and immune-reaction [10,11]. Accordingly, several studies were reported on cell-based bone tissue engineering using MSCs in various mammalians [12–14]. Studies have found stem cells were transplanted into bond defects resulted in fusion [12]. Canine allogenic bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) transplanted into the site of critical-sized segmental bone defect, and the defect site was filled with new bone [13]. Furthermore, interesting studies confirmed that when human stem cells were transplanted with a scaffold into a miniature pig, the formation of new bones was confirmed at the transplant site, and it was reported that no immune rejection reaction was observed even when the xenogeneic stem cells were transplanted [9,14]. Applying an efficient cell source is essential for bone regeneration [15]. Therefore, there is increasing interest in improving the efficiency of differentiation into osteoblasts for bone regeneration. Several studies were reported on the isolation and culture of MSCs using various tissues including bone barrow [16–19]. However, BM-MSCs have lower proliferation and differentiation capacity than other sources of stem cells and show a small number of cells and donor-age-dependent characteristics [20]. Recently, many studies have been conducted on the source of MSCs that can replace bone marrow, and it has been reported that mesenchymal stem cells can be obtained from many tissues, including skeletal muscle, dermal skin, and adipose tissue [17–19]. Additionally, MSCs from skeletal muscle, dermal skin, and adipose tissue were reported for the presence of osteoblast differentiation capacity [21–23]. However, there was no comparative study of different sources of single donor-derived MSCs for the osteoblast differentiation in camel. In the present study, the stem cells derived from a single donor of skeletal muscle (SM-MSCs), dermal skin (DS-MSCs), and adipose tissues (A-MSCs) were successfully established. We also evaluated osteoblast differentiation capacity on the basis of evaluation under the same induction conditions. 2. Materials and Methods 2.1. Chemicals and Media We purchased all chemicals from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA) unless otherwise noted. 2.2. Establishment and Culture of Skeletal Muscle, Dermal Skin, and Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells The isolation and culture of mesenchymal stem cells from skeletal muscle (SM-MSCs), dermal skin (DS-MSCs), and adipose tissues (A-MSCs) were conducted following previ- ously reported techniques with minor modification [8,10]. All animal procedures were conducted following the animal study guidelines, which were approved by the Institu- tional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) at the Management of Scientific Centers and Presidential Camels (Accession No: PC4.1.5). In the present study, a total of four female camels aged from 4 to 5 years and weighing approximately 400 kg were used. The animals were sedated with ketamine hydrochloride (Ilium, Hlendenning, Australia; 0.25 mg/kg body weight) and xylazine (Ceva, Libourne, France; 0.25 mg/kg body weight) through intravenous injection using an 18-gauge needle. A meniscus pattern of 2 cm × 1 cm was infiltrated with local anesthetic on the left flank of the abdomen in front of the anterior crest of the ilium using 2% Lidocaine (Jeil, Daegu, Korea). The skin, fat, and muscle were exposed and obtained through a longitudinal incision in a meniscus shape (1.5 cm; depth and 2 cm × 1 cm diameter) using a combination of the scalpel blade, forceps, and Animals 2021, 11, 1017 3 of 12 surgical scissors. The incision site was covered with two layers using 2-0 vicryl and 2-0 nylon sutures. The obtained tissues washed two times in Dulbecco’s Phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS; Welgene, Gyeongsan, Korea) supplemented with 1% antibiotic-antimycotic (Thermo fisher scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). We minced the samples into small pieces with a surgical blade. They were dissociated with in high-glucose Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM; Thermo fisher scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) containing 0.1% collagenase type I (Thermo fisher scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) at 38 ◦C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 and O2 for 4 h. The cells released with collagenase were washed with high-glucose DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Invitrogen, Carlsbad, California, USA) by centrifugation at 300× g for 3 min and filtered through 40 µm nylon strainer
Load more

Recommended publications
  • CD34 Negative Hematopoietic Stem Cells
    Sysmex Journal International Vol.12 No.1 (2002) REVIEW ARTICLE CD34 Negative Hematopoietic Stem Cells Fu-sheng WANG R&D, Sysmex Corporation of America, Gilmer Road 6699 RFD, Long Grove, IL 60047-9596, USA. Key Words SERIES 14 CD34– HSC, Biology, Clinical Application Received 2 April, 2002; Accepted 12 April, 2002 INTRODUCTION quent studies3-10), have significantly challenged the exist- ing concepts in stem cell biology and related clinical Two of the most exciting breakthroughs in hematopoietic applications, such as stem cell transplantation and gene stem cell (HSC) research were first, the discovery of therapy4). Therefore, it is not surprising that many HSC CD34 expression on HSC, anti-CD34 antibody develop- investigators have used some interesting titles for their ment and its applications in HSC transplantation1, 2); and papers, and commonly question marks have appeared in secondly, the recent discovery of CD34 negative (CD34–) the article titles. HSC3-10). These discoveries, together with the success in For example: studies of other stem cells, have resulted in the emer- • CD34– stem cells as the earliest precursors of gence of novel clinical treatments in stem cell regenera- hematopoietic progeny5) tive medicine. • Hematopoietic stem cells: Are they CD34-positive or CD34-negative?6) Following the studies of CD34 by Civin1) in 1988, CD34 • CD34+ or CD34–: Does it really Matter? 7) antibody selected cells were successfully used for the • Who is hematopoietic stem cell: CD34+ or CD34–? 8) reconstruction of hematopoiesis in lethally
    [Show full text]
  • Chondrogenesis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Novel Hyaluronate-Collagen-Tricalcium Phosphate Scaffolds for Knee Repair F.G
    EuropeanF Meng et Cells al. and Materials Vol. 31 2016 (pages 79-94) DOI: 10.22203/eCM.v031a06 TCP-COL-HA scaffolds for cartilage ISSN regeneration 1473-2262 CHONDROGENESIS OF MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS IN A NOVEL HYALURONATE-COLLAGEN-TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE SCAFFOLDS FOR KNEE REPAIR F.G. Meng§, Z.Q. Zhang§, G.X. Huang, W.S. Chen, Z.J. Zhang, A.S. He and W.M. Liao* Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China §These two authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract Introduction Scaffolds are expected to play a key role in the induction Damaged articular cartilage has poor self-repair capability of chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) owing to the low metabolic rate of chondrocytes (Chen for cartilage tissue regeneration. Here, we report the et al., 2009; Hunziker, 2002; Steadman et al., 2002). development of a novel tricalcium phosphate-collagen- Tissue engineering is considered a potential strategy hyaluronate (TCP-COL-HA) scaffold that can function as for regenerating damaged tissue (Jackson and Simon, a stem cell carrier to induce chondrogenesis and promote 1999). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an especially cartilage repair, and the investigation of chondroinductive promising tool since they can be easily isolated from bone properties of scaffolds containing varying amounts of TCP, marrow and expanded in vitro without the loss of their COL and HA. TCP-COL-HA scaffolds, as well as TCP- capacity to differentiate into various cell types, including COL scaffolds at two different TCP/COL ratios (50:50 and chondrocytes and osteoblasts (Caplan, 2005).
    [Show full text]
  • Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Skin Regeneration and Rejuvenation
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Skin Regeneration and Rejuvenation Hantae Jo 1,† , Sofia Brito 1,†, Byeong Mun Kwak 2,3,† , Sangkyu Park 4,* , Mi-Gi Lee 5,* and Bum-Ho Bin 1,4,* 1 Department of Applied Biotechnology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; [email protected] (H.J.); sofi[email protected] (S.B.) 2 Department of Meridian and Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, Chungbuk 27136, Korea; [email protected] 3 School of Cosmetic Science and Beauty Biotechnology, Semyung University, 65 Semyung-ro, Jecheon-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 27136, Korea 4 Department of Biological Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea 5 Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Suwon 16229, Korea * Correspondence: [email protected] (S.P.); [email protected] (M.-G.L.); [email protected] (B.-H.B.); Tel.: +82-31-219-2967 (S.P.); +82-31-888-6952 (M.-G.L.); +82-031-219-2816 (B.-H.B.) † These authors contributed equally to this study. Abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells derived from adult stem cells. Primary MSCs can be obtained from diverse sources, including bone marrow, adipose tissue, and umbilical cord blood. Recently, MSCs have been recognized as therapeutic agents for skin regeneration and rejuvenation. The skin can be damaged by wounds, caused by cutting or breaking of the tissue, and burns. Moreover, skin aging is a process that occurs naturally but can be worsened by environmental pollution, exposure to ultraviolet radiation, alcohol consumption, tobacco use, and undernourishment. MSCs have healing capacities that can be applied in damaged and aged Citation: Jo, H.; Brito, S.; Kwak, B.M.; Park, S.; Lee, M.-G.; Bin, B.-H.
    [Show full text]
  • ICRS Heritage Summit 1
    ICRS Heritage Summit 1 20th Anniversary www.cartilage.org of the ICRS ICRS Heritage Summit June 29 – July 01, 2017 Gothia Towers, Gothenburg, Sweden Final Programme & Abstract Book #ICRSSUMMIT www.cartilage.org Picture Copyright: Zürich Tourismus 2 The one-step procedure for the treatment of chondral and osteochondral lesions Aesculap Biologics Facing a New Frontier in Cartilage Repair Visit Anika at Booth #16 Easy and fast to be applied via arthroscopy. Fixation is not required in most cases. The only entirely hyaluronic acid-based scaffold supporting hyaline-like cartilage regeneration Biologic approaches to tissue repair and regeneration represent the future in healthcare worldwide. Available Sizes Aesculap Biologics is leading the way. 2x2 cm Learn more at www.aesculapbiologics.com 5x5 cm NEW SIZE Aesculap Biologics, LLC | 866-229-3002 | www.aesculapusa.com Aesculap Biologics, LLC - a B. Braun company Website: http://hyalofast.anikatherapeutics.com E-mail: [email protected] Telephone: +39 (0)49 295 8324 ICRS Heritage Summit 3 The one-step procedure for the treatment of chondral and osteochondral lesions Visit Anika at Booth #16 Easy and fast to be applied via arthroscopy. Fixation is not required in most cases. The only entirely hyaluronic acid-based scaffold supporting hyaline-like cartilage regeneration Available Sizes 2x2 cm 5x5 cm NEW SIZE Website: http://hyalofast.anikatherapeutics.com E-mail: [email protected] Telephone: +39 (0)49 295 8324 4 Level 1 Study Proves Efficacy of ACP in
    [Show full text]
  • Defining Osteoblast and Adipocyte Lineages in the Bone Marrow
    Bone 118 (2019) 2–7 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Bone journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/bone Full Length Article Defining osteoblast and adipocyte lineages in the bone marrow T ⁎ J.L. Piercea, D.L. Begunb, J.J. Westendorfb,c, M.E. McGee-Lawrencea,d, a Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA b Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA d Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Bone is a complex endocrine organ that facilitates structural support, protection to vital organs, sites for he- Bone marrow mesenchymal/stromal cell matopoiesis, and calcium homeostasis. The bone marrow microenvironment is a heterogeneous niche consisting Osteogenesis of multipotent musculoskeletal and hematopoietic progenitors and their derivative terminal cell types. Amongst Osteoblast these progenitors, bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMSCs) may differentiate into osteogenic, Adipogenesis adipogenic, myogenic, and chondrogenic lineages to support musculoskeletal development as well as tissue Adipocyte homeostasis, regeneration and repair during adulthood. With age, the commitment of BMSCs to osteogenesis Marrow fat Aging slows, bone formation decreases, fracture risk rises, and marrow adiposity increases. An unresolved question is whether osteogenesis and adipogenesis are co-regulated in the bone marrow. Osteogenesis and adipogenesis are controlled by specific signaling mechanisms, circulating cytokines, and transcription factors such as Runx2 and Pparγ, respectively. One hypothesis is that adipogenesis is the default pathway if osteogenic stimuli are absent. However, recent work revealed that Runx2 and Osx1-expressing preosteoblasts form lipid droplets under pa- thological and aging conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Application Note
    Osteogenic Differentiation and Analysis of MSC Application Note Background Characterization and pancreatic islet cells, has also been observed in vitro when specific culture Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are According to the position paper pub- conditions and stimuli are applied [1]. fibroblastoid multipotent adult stem cells lished by the International Society for The directed differentiation of MSC is with a high capacity for self-renewal. So Cellular Therapy (ISCT), MSC express the carried out in vitro using appropriate far, these cells have been isolated from surface markers CD73, CD90 and CD105 differentiation media, such as the ready- several human tissues, including bone and stain negative for CD14 or CD11b, to-use PromoCell MSC Differentiation marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord CD34, CD45, CD79α or CD19, and HLA- Media (see below for differentiation matrix, tendon, lung, and the periosteum DR [3]. In addition to surface marker protocol). Terminally differentiated cells [1]. Recently it has been shown that MSC analysis, the most common and reliable are histochemically stained to determine originate from the perivascular niche, a way to identify a population of MSC is their respective identities (see below for tight network present throughout the to verify their multipotency. MSC can staining protocol). vasculature of the whole body. These differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, perivascular cells lack endothelial and he- myocytes, and chondrocytes in vivo matopoietic markers, e.g. CD31, CD34 and in vitro [1,4]. Trans-differentiation
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of Embryonic Stem Cell-Differentiated Cells As Mesenchymal Stem Cells
    The University of Southern Mississippi The Aquila Digital Community Honors Theses Honors College Fall 12-2015 Characterization of Embryonic Stem Cell-Differentiated Cells as Mesenchymal Stem Cells Rachael N. Kuehn University of Southern Mississippi Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/honors_theses Part of the Cell Biology Commons Recommended Citation Kuehn, Rachael N., "Characterization of Embryonic Stem Cell-Differentiated Cells as Mesenchymal Stem Cells" (2015). Honors Theses. 349. https://aquila.usm.edu/honors_theses/349 This Honors College Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College at The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The University of Southern Mississippi Characterization of Embryonic Stem Cell-Differentiated Cells as Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Rachael Nicole Kuehn A Thesis Submitted to the Honors College of The University of Southern Mississippi in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in the Department of Biological Sciences December 2015 ii Approved by ______________________________ Yanlin Guo, Ph.D., Thesis Adviser Professor of Biological Sciences ______________________________ Shiao Y. Wang, Ph.D., Chair Department of Biological Sciences ______________________________ Ellen Weinauer, Ph.D., Dean Honors College iii ABSTRACT Embryonic stem cells (ESCs), due to their ability to differentiate into different cell types while still maintaining a high proliferation capacity, have been considered as a potential cell source in regenerative medicine. However, current ESC differentiation methods are low yielding and create heterogeneous cell populations.
    [Show full text]
  • Ex Vivo Systems to Study Chondrogenic Differentiation and Cartilage Integration
    Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology Review Ex Vivo Systems to Study Chondrogenic Differentiation and Cartilage Integration Graziana Monaco 1,2, Alicia J. El Haj 2,3, Mauro Alini 1 and Martin J. Stoddart 1,2,* 1 AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, CH-7270 Davos Platz, Switzerland; [email protected] (G.M.); [email protected] (M.A.) 2 School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering Research, University of Keele, Keele ST5 5BG, UK; [email protected] 3 Healthcare Technology Institute, Translational Medicine, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +41-81-414-2448 Abstract: Articular cartilage injury and repair is an issue of growing importance. Although common, defects of articular cartilage present a unique clinical challenge due to its poor self-healing capacity, which is largely due to its avascular nature. There is a critical need to better study and understand cellular healing mechanisms to achieve more effective therapies for cartilage regeneration. This article aims to describe the key features of cartilage which is being modelled using tissue engineered cartilage constructs and ex vivo systems. These models have been used to investigate chondrogenic differentiation and to study the mechanisms of cartilage integration into the surrounding tissue. The review highlights the key regeneration principles of articular cartilage repair in healthy and diseased joints. Using co-culture models and novel bioreactor designs, the basis of regeneration is aligned with recent efforts for optimal therapeutic interventions. Keywords: bioreactors; osteochondral; integration; tissue engineering Citation: Monaco, G.; El Haj, A.J.; Alini, M.; Stoddart, M.J.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of Mesenchymal
    McCorry et al. Stem Cell Research & Therapy (2016) 7:39 DOI 10.1186/s13287-016-0301-8 RESEARCH Open Access Characterization of mesenchymal stem cells and fibrochondrocytes in three-dimensional co-culture: analysis of cell shape, matrix production, and mechanical performance Mary Clare McCorry1, Jennifer L. Puetzer1 and Lawrence J. Bonassar1,2* Abstract Background: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown positive therapeutic effects for meniscus regeneration and repair. Preliminary in vitro work has indicated positive results for MSC applications for meniscus tissue engineering; however, more information is needed on how to direct MSC behavior. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of MSC co-culture with primary meniscal fibrochondrocytes (FCCs) in a three- dimensional collagen scaffold in fibrochondrogenic media. Co-culture of MSCs and FCCs was hypothesized to facilitate the transition of MSCs to a FCC cell phenotype as measured by matrix secretion and morphology. Methods: MSCs and FCCs were isolated from bovine bone marrow and meniscus, respectively. Cells were seeded in a 20 mg/mL high-density type I collagen gel at MSC:FCC ratios of 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, and 100:0. Constructs were cultured for up to 2 weeks and then analyzed for cell morphology, glycosaminoglycan content, collagen content, and production of collagen type I, II, and X. Results: Cells were homogeneously mixed throughout the scaffold and cells had limited direct cell–cell contact. After 2 weeks in culture, MSCs transitioned from a spindle-like morphology toward a rounded phenotype, while FCCs remained rounded throughout culture. Although MSC shape changed with culture, the overall size was significantly larger than FCCs throughout culture.
    [Show full text]
  • ©Ferrata Storti Foundation
    Hematopoietic Stem Cells • Research Paper Mesenchymal stem cells are present in peripheral blood and can engraft after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation [haematologica] 2004;89:1421-1427 EVA MARÍA VILLARON ABSTRACT JULIA ALMEIDA NATALIA LÓPEZ-HOLGADO Background and Objectives. Whether human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can be MIGUEL ALCOCEBA transplanted is controversial and their presence in peripheral blood is not fully accepted. LUIS IGNACIO SÁNCHEZ-ABARCA In the present study we have analyzed whether, within the allogeneic transplantation set- FERMIN MARTIN SANCHEZ-GUIJO ting, MSC are of host or donor origin. MERCEDES ALBERCA Design and Methods. Bone marrow MSC from 19 patients who had undergone allo- JOSE ANTONIO PÉREZ-SIMON, geneic transplantation were expanded and identified using immunophenotypic markers. JESUS FERNANDO SAN MIGUEL After that, chimerism studies were performed using reverse transcription polymerase MARÍA CONSUELO DEL CAÑIZO chain reaction of short tandem repeat (STR) loci. Analyses were carried out at different time-points after transplantation, with a total of 44 samples studied. Bone marrow was used as the source of stem cells for transplantation in 4 cases and peripheral blood in 15 cases. The conditioning regimen was standard in 9 patients and non-myeloablative in 10 patients. Results. Our results show that in the great majority of cases analyzed (17 out 19), MSC were of host origin. However, in 2 patients with multiple myeloma who had received a reduced intensity transplantation using peripheral blood stem cells, MSC were partially of donor origin (60.17% and 26.13% of total MSC). Interpretation and Conclusions. These findings indicate that after allogeneic trans- plantation MSC from the donor can engraft in bone marrow.
    [Show full text]
  • Nomina Histologica Veterinaria, First Edition
    NOMINA HISTOLOGICA VETERINARIA Submitted by the International Committee on Veterinary Histological Nomenclature (ICVHN) to the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists Published on the website of the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists www.wava-amav.org 2017 CONTENTS Introduction i Principles of term construction in N.H.V. iii Cytologia – Cytology 1 Textus epithelialis – Epithelial tissue 10 Textus connectivus – Connective tissue 13 Sanguis et Lympha – Blood and Lymph 17 Textus muscularis – Muscle tissue 19 Textus nervosus – Nerve tissue 20 Splanchnologia – Viscera 23 Systema digestorium – Digestive system 24 Systema respiratorium – Respiratory system 32 Systema urinarium – Urinary system 35 Organa genitalia masculina – Male genital system 38 Organa genitalia feminina – Female genital system 42 Systema endocrinum – Endocrine system 45 Systema cardiovasculare et lymphaticum [Angiologia] – Cardiovascular and lymphatic system 47 Systema nervosum – Nervous system 52 Receptores sensorii et Organa sensuum – Sensory receptors and Sense organs 58 Integumentum – Integument 64 INTRODUCTION The preparations leading to the publication of the present first edition of the Nomina Histologica Veterinaria has a long history spanning more than 50 years. Under the auspices of the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists (W.A.V.A.), the International Committee on Veterinary Anatomical Nomenclature (I.C.V.A.N.) appointed in Giessen, 1965, a Subcommittee on Histology and Embryology which started a working relation with the Subcommittee on Histology of the former International Anatomical Nomenclature Committee. In Mexico City, 1971, this Subcommittee presented a document entitled Nomina Histologica Veterinaria: A Working Draft as a basis for the continued work of the newly-appointed Subcommittee on Histological Nomenclature. This resulted in the editing of the Nomina Histologica Veterinaria: A Working Draft II (Toulouse, 1974), followed by preparations for publication of a Nomina Histologica Veterinaria.
    [Show full text]
  • Mesenchymal Stem Cell Based Therapy for Parkinsonʼs Disease Neveen a Salem1,2*
    ISSN: 2469-570X Salem. Int J Stem Cell Res Ther 2019, 6:062 DOI: 10.23937/2469-570X/1410062 Volume 6 | Issue 1 International Journal of Open Access Stem Cell Research & Therapy REVIEW ARTICLE Mesenchymal Stem Cell Based Therapy for Parkinsonʼs Disease Neveen A Salem1,2* 1Department of Narcotics, Ergogenic Aids and Poisons, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Egypt Check for updates 2Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia *Corresponding author: Neveen A Salem, Department of Narcotics, Ergogenic Aids and Poisons Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt, Tel: 202(33335966), Fax: 202(33370931) Abstract Etiology and risk factors Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive, neu- Parkinsonian symptoms can arise from either the rodegenerative disease with a multifactorial etiology, the neuropathologic condition of PD (idiopathic PD [iPD]) predominant pathology of PD is the loss of dopaminergic or other forms of parkinsonism. For neuropathologic cells in the substantia nigra. It is characterized by hall- mark signs of bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor, and postural PD, about 90% of cases are sporadic, with no clear instability. Medical and pharmacological treatments for etiology; an additional 10% have a genetic origin, and Parkinson’s disease are limited to the symptomatic relief at least 11 different linkages with 6 gene mutations of patients, and has failed to prevent or slow down the have been identified [5] Genetic forms of PD are seen process of neurodegeneration. Cell transplantation is a more frequently in young-onset PD. A combination of strategy with great potential for the treatment of Parkin- son’s disease, Mesenchymal stem cells are a great ther- environmental factors or toxins, genetic susceptibili- apeutic cell source because they are easy accessible.
    [Show full text]