E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 107 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION

Vol. 148 WASHINGTON, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002 No. 114 Senate The Senate met at 11 a.m. and was APPOINTMENT OF ACTING Senators who are here and have not called to order by the Honorable TIM PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE gone home to their States try to be in JOHNSON, a Senator from the State of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The the Chamber for the moment of si- South Dakota. clerk will please read a communication lence. I hope all Senators will be here. I also announce that the two leaders to the Senate from the President pro The Chaplain, Dr. Lloyd John are going to speak prior to the noon tempore (Mr. BYRD). Ogilvie, offered the following prayer: moment of silence. The minority lead- The legislative clerk read the fol- Almighty God, on this day of remem- er is going to speak at 20 till the hour, lowing letter: brance and resolve, we praise You for and the majority leader will speak at the way You brought us through those U.S. SENATE, 10 till the hour. PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE, dark hours of September 11 a year ago. Washington, DC, September 11, 2002. f You were our refuge and strength, a To the Senate: IN REMEMBRANCE OF SEPTEMBER very present help in trouble. We relive Under the provisions of rule I, paragraph 3, 11, 2001 the anxious memories of that infamous of the Standing Rules of the Senate, I hereby day of attacks of terrorism on the appoint the Honorable TIM JOHNSON, a Sen- Mr. REID. Mr. President, we all have World Trade Center, the Pentagon, and ator from the State of South Dakota, to per- been touched by the events at the Pen- the airliner crashed in Pennsylvania. form the duties of the Chair. tagon this morning. As I walked in, Today, as a Nation, we mourn for those ROBERT C. BYRD, there was a woman whom I do not President pro tempore. who lost their lives as a result of these know, but she is symbolic of the sac- violent acts of treachery against our Mr. JOHNSON thereupon assumed rifices that people have made. Her face Nation. We deepen our ongoing inter- the Chair as Acting President pro tem- had been burned very badly, she had no cession for their loved ones. Continue pore. hands, and her arms had been burned. to comfort them, help them to endure f This is what the terrorist activity is the loneliness of grief, and grant them all about. RESERVATION OF LEADER TIME Your peace. Particularly, we pray for This innocent woman, who never did the families of the firefighters, police The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- anything to anyone, has been subjected officers, and military personnel who pore. Under the previous order, the to this physical torture. It goes with- out saying that she has gone through died seeking to save others. Care for leadership time is reserved. and will go through many skin grafts the thousands of children who lost a f and other such procedures so that she parent in these catastrophes. can learn to use her prosthetic hands, When we turned over to You our MORNING BUSINESS The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- which she does not have yet. anger, dismay, and grief, you gave us It used to be when a building was pore. Under the previous order, there the courage to press on. Thank You for constructed, they had a ceremony, on will now be a period for the transaction the strong, unified leadership of the every major construction, called the of morning business, with Senators President and this Senate in the after- laying of the chief cornerstone. What permitted to speak therein for up to 10 math of 9/11 and for the decisive en- does that mean? It means that the minutes each. gagement of the insidious enemy of final stone in the foundation of that terrorism throughout the world. May f building will be laid. this be a day of renewed resolve to Why did people celebrate that event? press on. Protect us from further at- RECOGNITION OF THE ACTING MAJORITY LEADER They celebrated because they knew if tacks. Quiet our fears as we reaffirm that building had a strong foundation, our trust in You. You are our Lord and The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- it would be fine. Saviour. Amen. pore. The Senator from Nevada. In our life in America, that founda- f f tion, that chief cornerstone is the Con- stitution of the United States. That PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE SCHEDULE little document that people speak The Honorable TIM JOHNSON led the Mr. REID. Mr. President, there will about in this Chamber—led by, more Pledge of Allegiance, as follows: be, as the Chair has announced, morn- than anyone else, Senator BYRD—is the I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the ing business basically all day. At noon, chief cornerstone of this great democ- United States of America, and to the Repub- there will be a moment of silence in racy. lic for which it stands, one nation under God, recognition of the events of September As we are forced to remember these indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. 11. Both leaders have asked that those events of September 11—because it is

∑ This ‘‘bullet’’ symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor.

S8475

. S8476 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 11, 2002 easy not to put unpleasant thoughts in their loss, and their struggle to heal. knew the sentiment of the folks who our minds—as we are forced to remem- We remember our personal losses, our lived on that farm and in that region. ber these events, and rightfully so, we pain, even our anger, and, of course, September 11, 9/11, just those words have to remember that this country our tears. evoke sentiments and memories of has a firm foundation because the chief We remember the shock of seeing where we were and what we did on that cornerstone of the foundation of this massive metal towers collapse as if day of tragedy. As we remember those country is our Constitution. they were Erector Sets that our grand- vile terrorist attacks of one year ago, Today, of course, is the first anniver- children constructed. We have seen for many of us the emotions and shock, sary of the September 11 terrorist at- these massive metal towers reduced to the disbelief and horror that we experi- tacks on America. On this day we re- rubble. We all remember the fire and enced individually and as a people and member, as we will do every year on the smoke. a nation are still fresh. Those memo- September 11, those tragic events that I will never forget leaving room 219, ries, however, continue to strengthen our Nation experienced on September after Senator DASCHLE told us we had our resolve in the same way that our 11, 2001. to evacuate the building, looking out Nation was forged together after those What happened in New York, at the the window and seeing the smoke bil- vile attacks a year ago. Pentagon, and in Pennsylvania has left lowing out of the Pentagon where we Today, we view our Nation in a fun- many of us—in fact, all of us—with were this morning. We remember, damentally new light. We have a great- memories and strong emotions. I know though, the effort to rebuild the Pen- er understanding of the freedoms we that Nevadans were deeply affected by tagon. We remember the generosity enjoy and how vital it is that they be guarded, preserved, and even fought the terrorist attacks in the aftermath, and spirit of Americans coming to- for, if necessary. We have a greater ap- and I feel good about how people in Ne- gether to offer kindness, money, com- preciation for a country that respects vada have reacted. passion, and consolation. We remember people of diverse backgrounds, cul- We were hurt very badly. Our No. 1 the sympathy expressed by foreign gov- tures, and religious beliefs. We have business is tourism, and tourism took a ernments. As the President expressed poured out our hearts and our assist- terrible blow. But those business entre- this morning, some 90 foreign govern- ance to those who were injured and the preneurs, people who worked for those ments—I think it was the President; families of those who lost a dear one. large corporations, and the people who maybe it was Secretary Rumsfeld—are We view firefighters, police officers, worked for the small businesses recog- helping us in our battle in Afghanistan. first responders, with much greater ap- nized that time would solve the prob- We remember that individuals all preciation, whether they are the brave lems, that time would heal a lot of the over the world opened their arms and men and women of the battalions in tourism problems, and it has. We are their hearts to America. We remember New York City or northern Virginia or not back to where we were, but we are the gruesome images so vivid that they in communities large and small all OK. I am proud of how the people of the are etched in our minds, and we re- across our United States of America. State of Nevada have reacted. member how the spirit of our Nation These men and women were trans- We also have had from the State of was awakened, how Americans dem- formed on that day into our heroes. We Nevada a pouring out of sympathy, onstrated resilience and resolve. We re- will forever remember the thousands of comfort, and consolation for those who member how the country united to sup- innocent men, women, and children were killed and hurt. We lost a teacher port the war on terrorism. We remem- who were killed at the World Trade in the terrorism attacks, a teacher at ber the soldiers who were killed as part Center and in a field in Somerset Coun- Palo Verde High School. We lost two of our military efforts in Afghanistan. ty, PA. soldiers who were killed in action. So We remember, and we must always re- This Senator will remember the 184 we will always remember what hap- member, the firm foundation of our patriots at the Pentagon and on Amer- pened. country. We are a country guided by ican Airlines flight 77 who lost their As individuals and in private, we will the Constitution of the United States, lives on Virginia soil. It is indeed the often reflect on this national tragedy. which separates us from the rest of the heroes and the innocent patriotic vic- We cannot confine our memories to a world. That is why we have remained a tims we will remember the most. The single day or be guided by the calendar, strong, vibrant democracy for more images of flags raised, the solemn sa- but September 11 will forever be the than 200 years. lute of rescuers to their fallen com- day that we collectively, as a nation, The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- rades, and people who were rushing as a people, as America remember. We pore. The Senator from Virginia. into burning buildings on the verge of remember those whose lives were ended Mr. ALLEN. I ask unanimous consent collapsing hoping to just save one more so suddenly and violently, not knowing to speak on this matter for as much life. what happened. time as I may consume. They and the freedom-loving patriots We remember the firefighters. We re- The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- across our great Nation stand in stark member the police officers—the fire- pore. Without objection, it is so or- contrast to those who only know hate, fighters are New York’s bravest, the dered. destruction, and oppression. police officers are New York’s finest— Mr. ALLEN. Mr. President, I rise We also see that in a time of trial, or- and all other emergency and rescue today to offer my thoughts on this very dinary people of all walks of life per- workers who accepted the risks in solemn day of remembrance as we all form with extraordinary courage and rushing into burning buildings giving return from a magnificent ceremony at dignity. We remember people such as their lives, suffering physical and men- the Pentagon observing all that is LTC Ted Anderson, who carried two of tal injury to help save the lives of peo- strong and good and awesome about the injured from the burning Pentagon ple they did not know. our country. and reentered through a broken win- We remember the sacrifice, the self- I thank the Senator from Nevada for dow to drag out two more, one whose lessness, the heroism, and the courage his very poignant words of empathy, as clothes were on fire; 1SG Rick Keevill of all of those who offered aid. We must well as his understanding of the foun- and Virginia State Troopers Mike Mid- remember those who survived and the dations of our country. Nevada, as all dleton and Myrlin Wimbish, who en- thousands who did not. We must re- States, was hit hard. tered the Pentagon three separate member the parents, grandparents, We saw the outpouring of compassion times looking for victims; LCDR David children, sisters, brothers, wives, hus- all over this country, and I will share Tarantino, who moved a pile of rubble bands, partners, and friends who have some of those stories. I recall in Au- enough to pull a man from the Pen- been robbed of not a weekend, not a gust driving across a lonely two-lane tagon just before the roof collapsed; week, not a month, not a year, but road in South Dakota, which would other Pentagon heroes such as SSG they have been robbed of their loved eventually get to the Badlands. There Christopher Braman; LTC Victor ones forever. was a big bale of hay on the side of the Correa; SGT Roxane Cruz-Cortes; MAJ From the stories they have shared, road which had painted on it the Amer- John Grote; LTC Robert Grunewald; we remember not only the deaths but ican flag. It showed the spirit of that COL Philip McNair; CPT Darrell Oli- the lives of their loved ones, remember farm. We did not see any people, but we ver; SP Michael Petrovich; SGM Tony September 11, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S8477 Rose; LTC Marilyn Wills; and CPT Pancakes in Bristol, VA, an IHOP Asia S. Cotton David Thomas. owned by an American who came here Lt. Commander Eric A. Cranford The Senator from Nevada, Mr. REID, from Lebanon. I asked him a few Ada M. Davis mentioned a woman who I think was months later how his business was. He James D. Debeuneure Capt. Gerald F. Deconto Mrs. Kurtz at the Pentagon. Mrs. Lou- said right after the attacks, for a few Rodney Dickens ise Kurtz, though severely burned her- weeks, there were hardly any cus- Lt. Commander Jerry D. Dickerson self, valiantly tended to the needs of tomers. But then a Methodist Church Eddie A. Dillard others around her. I am introducing in Bristol, on the Virginia-Tennessee Information Systems Technician 1st Class legislation that will change current line, brought up the situation, and ev- Johnnie Doctor, Jr. law so that individuals—such as Mrs. eryone from that church on that Sun- Capt. Robert E. Dolan, Jr. Kurtz, and those in her situation—can day went in with their families and Commander William H. Donovan filled up the IHOP. Since then, others Lt. Commander Charles A. Droz III contribute to her retirement and so Commander Patrick Dunn they will be able to afford to return to were coming back. That is a sign of the Aerographer’s Mate 1st Class Edward T. Ear- work after a very lengthy period of re- decency and the care of communities hart cuperation. across the Nation. Barbara G. Edwards We also remember people such as Five days ago, in New York City, I Lt. Commander Robert R. Elseth Barbara Olson, a passenger on flight 77 had the opportunity to speak to a Charles S. Falkenberg who had the presence of mind to call group of 70 mothers who were pregnant Leslie A. Whittington loved ones on the ground to alert them last September 11, and who were made Dana Falkenberg widows on that terrible day. It has Zoe Falkenberg of the hijacking. Store Keeper 3rd Class Jamie L. Fallon We remember CPT ‘‘Chic’’ Bur- been said that suffering makes kins- J. Joseph Ferguson lingame of flight 77 who died fighting men of us all. While those mothers no Amelia V. Fields off hijackers who commandeered his longer have the physical and emotional Gerald P. Fisher plane and who is now properly buried support of their husbands, and the fa- Darlene E. Flagg at Arlington National Cemetery. These thers of their children, they are now a Rear Adm. Wilson F. Flagg people have all touched our lives. part of our greater American family. In Aerographer’s Mate 2nd Class Matthew M. In talking to Mr. Burlingame’s broth- those babies, all under 1 year, the spir- Flocco Sandra N. Foster ers and sister and wife, I find it note- it and blood of their fathers live on. We 1st Lt. Richard P. Gabriel worthy that at the Arlington National want the babies to grow up with the op- Capt. Lawrence D. Getzfred Cemetery his grave is on the tour and timism of liberty and opportunity and Cortez Ghee people in the tradition of those of the hope that is the spirit of America. Brenda C. Gibson Jewish faith will put rocks on his head- These young children represent not Col. Ronald F. Golinski stone. That is very touching to the just a birth but a rebirth, a rebirth and Ian J. Gray family and shows the unity and appre- a rededication of the strength and Diane Hale-McKinzy unity of our Nation and her great, car- Stanley R. Hall ciation of a grateful nation. Carolyn B. Halmon We also remember the survivors, sur- ing people as we move forward. Indeed, Michele M. Heidenberger vivors such as Stephen Push, whose our Nation will be changed for genera- Sheila M.S. Hein wife Lisa Raines perished in the Pen- tions by the tragic events of a single Electronics Technician 1st Class Ronald J. tagon and who has become a forceful day and all those that followed Sep- Hemenway and articulate spokesman for victims tember 11. We pray for the souls of all Maj. Wallace Cole Hogan, Jr. and families. that we lost that day and their sur- Staff Sgt. Jimmie I. Holley I will always remember, and thought viving families as well. Angela M. Houtz Brady Kay Howell of it last night while driving home, a As a Senator from Virginia, for the Peggie M. Hurt young boy, a neighbor, a friend of my permanent RECORD of our Republic, I Lt. Col. Stephen N. Hyland, Jr. children whose name is Nick Jacoby. ask unanimous consent to have printed Lt. Col. Robert J. Hymel He lost his father on flight 77. the names of all the men, women, and Sgt. Maj. Lacey B. Ivory There are stories all over our com- children who perished in that attack Bryan C. Jack munities and Nation. We also, of on Virginia soil. Steven D. Jacoby course, remember the quiet dignity of There being no objection, the mate- Lt. Col. Dennis M. Johnson rial was ordered to be printed in the Judith L. Jones people such as Lisa Beamer who helped Ann C. Judge keep their loved ones very much alive RECORD, as follows: Brenda Kegler for all of us. Her husband Todd, who THE 184 VICTIMS WHO PERISHED AT THE Chandler R. Keller said, ‘‘Let’s roll,’’ led an uprising with PENTAGON ON SEPTEMBER 11, 2001 Yvonne E. Kennedy several other patriots against the hi- Paul W. Ambrose Norma Cruz Khan jackers of flight 93 and saved hundreds, Specialist Craig S. Amundson Karen Ann Kincaid if not thousands, of lives at the Capitol Yeoman 3rd Class Melissa Rose Barnes Lt. Michael S. Lamana and in the Washington, DC, area. Re- Master Sgt. Max J. Beilke David W. Laychak Yeneneh Betru Dong Chul Lee cent reports recognize their likely tar- Information Systems Technician 2nd Class Jennifer Lewis get was this building. Kris Romeo Bishundat Kenneth E. Lewis We will remember countless others Carrie R. Blagburn Sammantha L. Lightbourn-Allen whose courageous efforts saved lives Col. Canfield D. Boone Maj. Stephen V. Long and provided comfort. We will remem- Mary Jane Booth James T. Lynch, Jr. ber and we will thank them for their Donna M. Bowen Terrace M. Lynch extraordinary, inspirational dignity Allen P. Boyle Operations Specialist 2nd Class Nehamon and their character. We will also re- Bernard C. Brown II Lyons IV Electronics Technician 3rd Class Christopher Shelley A. Marshall member the construction workers, the L. Burford Teresa M. Martin hard-hat patriots of the Phoenix Capt. Charles F. Burlingame III Ada L. Mason-Acker project who worked around the clock Electronic Technician 3rd Class Daniel M. Lt. Col. Dean E. Mattson in their inspiring efforts to rebuild the Caballero Lt. Gen. Timothy J. Maude Pentagon in plenty of time for employ- Sgt. 1st Class Jose O. Calderon-Olmedo Robert J. Maxwell ees to move in before the 1-year anni- Suzanne M. Calley Rene´e A. May versary. Angelene C. Carter Molly L. McKenzie We will remember folks from a Sharon A. Carver Dora Marie Menchaca church that made quilts, the Christ William E. Caswell Patricia E. Mickley Sgt. 1st Class John J. Chada Maj. Ronald D. Milam Baptist Church from Prince William in Rosa Maria Chapa Gerald P. Moran, Jr. Manassas, a magnificent quilt with the David M. Charlebois Odessa V. Morris names of all who died. Also, we will re- Sara M. Clark Electronics Technician 1st Class Brian A. member the International House of Julian T. Cooper Moss S8478 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 11, 2002 Teddington H. Moy one of the few things found from Cap- So today we find strength in each Lt. Commander Patrick J. Murphy tain Burlingame, other than his wed- other. We find strength in the acts of Christopher C. Newton ding ring. He had a picture of his moth- heroism, and the acts of simple human- Khang Ngoc Nguyen er and a prayer. They gave this to me ity, that took place on September 11 Illustrator-Draftsman 2nd Class Michael A. Noeth a couple hours ago at the ceremony at and in the aftermath of the attacks: Barbara K. Olson the Pentagon. the bravery of the first responders at Ruben S. Ornedo I share it with my colleagues and the World Trade Center and the Pen- Diana B. Padro Americans. It is entitled: ‘‘I Did Not tagon, and the acts of kindness of Lt. Jonas M. Panik Die,’’ by Mary Frye. Americans all over the country who do- Maj. Clifford L. Patterson, Jr. Do not stand at my grave and weep; nated blood, observed moments of si- Robert Penninger I am not there, I do not sleep. lence, or flew the flag in a show of pa- Robert R. Ploger III I am a thousand winds that blow. triotism and support. Zandra F. Ploger I am the diamond glints on snow. Each of these acts, however large or Capt. Jack D. Punches I am the sunlight on ripened grain. Aviation Anti-Submarine Warfare Operator small, contributed to our growing faith I am the gentle autumn rain. in the Nation’s recovery, and in each 1st Class Joseph J. Pycior, Jr. When you awaken in the morning’s hush Lisa J. Raines I am the swift uplifting rush other. Deborah A. Ramsaur Of quiet birds in circled flight. I was deeply proud of the many Wis- Rhonda Sue Rasmussen I’m the soft stars that shine at night. consinites who reached out to the vic- Information Systems Technician 1st Class Do not stand at my grave and cry; tims of September 11 and their fami- Marsha D. Ratchford I am not there, I did not die. lies. Volunteers from around the state Martha M. Reszke Never forget. We will never forget. flocked to disaster relief organizations Todd H. Reuben to donate money and donate their time Cecelia E. (Lawson) Richard We will always remember this day that Edward V. Rowenhorst forged America together. These hor- to support the victims of the attacks. Judy Rowlett rific events have strengthened our A number of Wisconsin volunteers Sgt. Maj. Robert E. Russell unity of purpose and resolve as Ameri- also traveled to the World Trade Cen- Chief Warrant Officer 4th Class William R. cans, that we stand strong together for ter to support the rescue workers. That Ruth liberty. I hope and pray that as long as desire all of us felt to do something, Charles E. Sabin, Sr. God continues to bless our United anything we could to help the victims Majorie C. Salamone States and indeed blesses the entire of the attacks ran deep in my state, as John P. Sammartino it did everywhere across the country. Col. David M. Scales world with people of such courage, in- tegrity, and character, that liberty and Just as the firefighters and police on Commander Robert A. Schlegel 9/11 redefined bravery and heroism, in Janice M. Scott justice will endure and prevail. Lt. Col. Michael L. Selves The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- the uncertain days that followed, the Marian H. Serva ator from Wisconsin. Americans who reached out to help the Commander Dan F. Shanower Mr. FEINGOLD. Mr. President, today victims and their families redefined Antionette M. Sherman I come to the floor to remember, to re- generosity and patriotism. Diane M. Simmons flect, to try to somehow do justice to A number of companies in Wisconsin, George W. Simmons the memory of those lost to us on Sep- as so many businesses nationwide, also Donald D. Simmons tember 11. The tremendous grief we felt donated to the rescue efforts. Fire Cheryle D. Sincock then, and still feel so sharply today, truck manufacturers such as Pierce Information Systems Technician Chief Gregg makes this anniversary a painful one Manufacturing of Appleton, WI, and H. Smallwood Marion Body Works of Marion, WI, do- Lt. Col. Gary F. Smith for all of us as a nation, and as a peo- Mari-Rae Sopper ple. nated critical replacement equipment Robert Speisman The anguish of that day will always to the New York City Fire Department. Lt. Darin H. Pontell be with us, but those of us who wit- Seagrave Fire Apparatus of Scott Powell nessed those acts of terror on our tele- Clintonville, WI, rallied to complete Patricia J. Statz vision screens know that we cannot previously ordered equipment for the Edna L. Stephens imagine the suffering of those who per- New York City Fire Department in the Norma Lang Steuerle ished in the attacks, or those who sur- wake of the attacks, and sent staff to Sgt. Maj. Larry L. Strickland vived them. New York to help the Department re- Hilda E. Taylor pair damaged equipment. Lt. Col. Kip P. Taylor The families and friends of those who Leonard E. Taylor died must live with terrible loss, and These efforts reaffirmed our faith Sandra C. Taylor those who survived must live with that Americans would rise to this chal- Sandra D. Teague searing memories. lenge, as we have so many times Lt. Col. Karl W. Teepe No passage of time can ever erase the throughout our Nation’s history. And Sgt. Tamara C. Thurman emotions of that day. But 1 year later, we are rising to that challenge. Lt. Commander Otis V. Tolbert we also know that no passage of time It has not been easy, and I frankly Staff Sgt. Willie Q. Troy can diminish the legacy left behind by don’t believe that all the choices we Lt. Commander Ronald J. Vauk those who perished. They will always have made have been the right ones. Lt. Commander Karen J. Wagner be with us, living on in the family and But that has never affected the pride I Meta L. (Fuller) Waller feel to be an American during this ex- Specialist Chin Sun Pak Wells friends who loved them. Staff Sgt. Maudlyn A. White No passage of time will allow us to traordinary time in our history. I Sandra L. White regain what was so tragically lost on couldn’t be more proud of the way Ernest M. Willcher that morning. But one year later, with Americans have come together in the Lt. Commander David L. Williams the passage of time, we see so clearly wake of this tragedy, and I have been Maj. Dwayne Williams what was briefly obscured by smoke privileged to serve in the Senate during Radioman Chief Marvin Roger Woods and fear and disbelief. We see the this last year. Capt. John D. Yamnicky, Sr. strength of the people around us—their What we as a nation have accom- Vicki Yancey everyday heroism, their generosity, plished over the last year, and what we Information Systems Technician 2nd Class will accomplish in the years to come to Kevin W. Yokum and their humanity. Information Systems Technician Chief Don- No passage of time can change what meet the challenge of terrorism, will ald M. Young happened on September 11. But the last be our mark on history, not just as a Edmond G. Young, Jr. year has shown us that when our Na- Congress but as a generation. Lisa L. Young tion was tested by terror, we did not It is of course impossible to summa- Shuyin Yang falter, and most of all we did not fail rize what happened on 9/11 and what it Yuguang Zheng each other. We rose together to meet means. There were so many moments— Mr. ALLEN. I add in closing, the the challenges before us, and we found public and private, captured on film Burlingame family, wife and surviving that together we were capable of more and also lost to history—that make up brother and sister, gave me a replica of than we ever imagined. our collective memory of that day. September 11, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S8479 The New York Times section ‘‘Por- so much compassion, and so much gen- Mr. THOMAS. Mr. President, I appre- traits of Grief,’’ however, is one laud- erosity. ciate the opportunity to share some able effort to pay tribute to the vic- Finally, time has brought renewal. It thoughts about this day. tims as individuals by remembering has renewed our strength, our hope, We all have memories, of course, of a and celebrating each of their lives. and our faith in each other. year ago. They are so clear after a These brief stories of the victims’ lives So it is with this resolve, this resil- year. Nothing like that has ever hap- remind us that the people who died ience, and this sense of renewal that we pened in this country. We remember it that day were from every walk of life, move forward, in the name of those as we see it again on TV today. We have had a year to react, to rec- from all over the country, and from all who perished, dedicated to fighting ter- ognize and accept the fact that it did over the world. They remind us of what ror, and united by our faith in this happen. The unbelievable thing, shock- America truly is—a sea of nationalities great and free Nation. and ethnicities never before seen in ing as it was, did happen. But we have I yield the floor. also had the time to change from the human history. The bitter irony of al- Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, in the Qaida’s desire to kill Americans is that immediate anger that we had, and the morning hours of September 11 our na- disbelief, to a commitment and resolu- people from every corner of the world tion endured a terrible tragedy. tion to do all that is necessary to make have become citizens of this Nation. Though thousands of miles from the certain that it does not happen again. Like places all across America, the crash sites, the response from our We have had this year to increase our World Trade Center, the Pentagon, and ‘‘Last Frontier’’ was overwhelming. loyalty to our country and to our flag, the hijacked planes were filled with Alaskans rushed to aid the victims of to increase our understanding of the people with roots in Africa, Europe, the the terrorist attacks. They volunteered values of freedom and democracy, to Middle East, Asia, and Central and rescue dogs and handlers. They waited commit our resolve to help and support South America. in line for three hours to donate blood. those who have lost loved ones, family These people and their families came Some boarded planes and traveled to members, and friends, to accept the re- here for different reasons, and they Ground Zero to aid in the search and ality that here in the Congress we can likely lived vastly different lives. But rescue efforts. In December, those disagree and have different views on all of them had the chance to be a part Alaskans were still there clearing de- normal, daily issues, but when it comes of this great and free Nation. And all of bris. to protecting our country and to pre- them were senselessly struck down on Alaskans who could not travel to the serving freedom, we all come together. September 11. crash sites offered support in other The events of September 11 have One such man was Ramzi Doany. I ways. Over 10,000 Alaskans signed two clearly changed the way Americans would like to read the story published fifty-foot banners bearing the phrase view the world. We watched the events in the ‘‘Portraits of Grief’’ section of ‘‘Love and Prayers, from the People of unfold. No one will ever forget. Every- the New York Times about this man, Alaska.’’ One banner was presented in one around the world has been touched, who lived for many years in my home New York City by Alaskan firefighters. and we see some of that now. We are state of Wisconsin. The other now hangs in the Pentagon. embroiled in a struggle against people Ramzi Doany amassed friends. He amassed Countless Alaskans donated funds to who do not care about their lives and them with acts of kindness, like tutoring a help victims through the economic have set out to ruin ours. Sadly, we woman with lupus, two children and no hus- lost lives, but we regained a strong hardships brought on by the attacks. In band, to get her through college, or letting commitment to preserving our freedom Kenai, the Firefighters Association pe- his college roommate and the roommate’s and our integrity. wife live in his condo for two years so they titioned our state to name a mountain So all and all, it has been a year of could save money for a down payment on a after St. Florian, the patron saint of house. shock, disbelief, anger, followed by firefighters, as a tribute to firefighters commitment, caring, sharing, patriot- He amassed friends with his sense of killed in the World Trade Center. humor, which filled a room and flourished at ism, and determination. I think we an early age. As a boy of 9 or 10, young This year, Alaskans once again join should be very proud of our fellow Ramzi dug a hole in the backyard for a ter- the nation in mourning and remem- Americans for their commitment, their rible report card and put a stone on top. ‘‘He brance. Today, I attended the Penta- willingness to sacrifice and to give— said it was dead and buried,’’ said his sister, gon’s memorial service, but in my whether it be on the battlegrounds Dina Doany Azzam. home State. Alaskans will pay tribute overseas, whether it be in rescue mis- Mr. Doany was born to Palestinian parents to our heroes in their own unique way. sions or law enforcement, in charity to in Amman, Jordan, and lived for many years Anchorage residents will observe a mo- in Milwaukee. At 35, he devoured the novels the needy, leadership in our country of Dickens, cooked Thanksgiving turkeys ment of silence at 8:46 a.m. Emergency both at the community and national with great pride (even if they were just a bit responders from across Alaska will level, or just caring for our friends and dry) and had just bought a Harley-Davidson gather on Barrow Street in Anchorage neighbors and loving our families. This motorcycle. He chose to work as a forensic and join firefighters and police in a year has put an emphasis in all these accountant last March for Marsh & procession. A memorial wall will be values. McLennan, the insurance brokerage com- erected at Town Square. In Homer, The United States will survive and pany, because it would bring him to New Motzart’s ‘‘Requiem’’ will be performed will strengthen. Freedom will endure, York, a city he loved. The job also brought as part of a worldwide sequence of per- and we thank God for the opportunity him to the World Trade Center. formances beginning at the hour of the to be able to ensure that for our future. It was a funny sort of journey, his sister Mr. President, I yield the floor. said. attack and moving from one time zone to the next. I hope all Alaskans who The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- This man’s journey, like so many pore. The Republican leader. others, was tragically cut short on Sep- cannot participate in these events will attend a memorial and prominently Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, my time tember 11. was to begin at 11:40 and we are a cou- display American flags. On this day, the passage of time is ple of minutes before that time. If I can bittersweet. Whatever the healing pow- I am proud of Alaska’s efforts to take a moment before I begin with ers of time, no passage of years can honor and remember the victims of that, I will seek recognition now. change what happened on September this tragedy. On that fateful morning The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- 11. But the passage of time brings other they gave what Lincoln called the pore. The Senator is recognized. gifts. ‘‘last full measure of devotion.’’ We Mr. LOTT. I acknowledge the fine This last year has brought us re- honor their memory and their sac- statement that was made by Senator solve—the firm resolve to stop terror, rifice. THOMAS and thank him for his efforts to preserve our liberty, and to do jus- The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- today to make sure that Senators are tice to the memory of those who died. pore. The Senator from Wyoming. The aware of the opportunity to come to It has also shown us our own resil- Senator is advised that under the pre- the floor of the Senate and pay appro- ience—how Americans, even in the ini- vious order at the hour of 11:40 the Re- priate tribute and recognition, and ex- tial moments of shock and horror of publican leader will be recognized to press the condolences that are so ap- the attacks, showed so much bravery, speak. propriate for that occasion. I want to S8480 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 11, 2002 make sure he was aware of our appre- tries all over the world—and just aver- not be measured in granite and steel, ciation. age people on the streets of other coun- nor even grassy knolls, as in the case Mr. THOMAS. I thank the Repub- tries. They come up and express their of Pennsylvania. We have rebuilt a wall lican leader. condolences and their support. of resolve, of determination, and of Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, this day, Yesterday I met with the President steady purpose. September 11, is its own memorial. A of Bulgaria and the Prime Minister of We have renewed trust in our leader- year ago I got a call from my daughter, Portugal. Their comments were so re- ship, and in one another, yes. We will expressing her horror and her sorrow assuring and satisfying. They have disagree on this floor and we will argue on this, her birthday—and only 2 weeks done their part. Bulgaria—yes. Bul- about the best way to do the homeland after her new daughter was born. She garia has had troops in Afghanistan security part and what should be the talked about how ‘‘I will just change and, fortunately, has stood with us and limitations on terror insurance. That my birth date. I will celebrate it a day will stay with us in the future. is what democracy is all about. But in earlier.’’ She asked me, ‘‘What exactly We have been hurt deeply. But our the end we have been able to find a way is this situation in this world I have observance of this day is about more over the past year to come together brought my daughter into?’’ than grief, it is about more than anger, and get a result. That is through deter- It struck me that she would have and it is about more than appreciation. mination and a steady purpose. those questions and those concerns, It is about valor and courage beyond We have renewed trust in ways that I and what she had seen that day. She words adequate to describe what has hope will stay with us for a long time. worried about what it means for the fu- happened and how we feel. It is about We have rediscovered in our shared sor- ture. compassion and it is about a unity of row the power of a truly free society to I talked to her this morning on her spirit. overcome the enemies of freedom. birthday. She celebrates her birthday I have felt that I have seen it as I These are our battlements and these today, as she should—not just because have gone across this country. I do not are our armaments, and their might is it was the day she was born but be- know how many States I have been in going to be felt both here at home and cause she now realizes that in some over the past year—but a lot of them, in lands far away—until the hand of ways, in spite of her horror, this is an and there is a different feeling. When terror is crushed and the work of jus- even more special day—this is Patriots people sing ‘‘God Bless America’’ and tice is done. Day. start taking the Pledge of Allegiance Again, we extend our heartfelt condo- So my special pen from the Pentagon to the flag, they sing and speak dif- lences to those family members who service will go to my daughter on this ferently—with a little more gusto. But lost loved ones last year. We remind day because I think in a way how she it is not about a flag, although that is ourselves of how heroes were born on felt a year ago and how she feels today what becomes so much a symbol of that date out of that horror, and we re- reflects what we have all gone through what we are experiencing internally. dedicate ourselves to the purpose of and what we have experienced. And it is not solely even about individ- preserving this great young Republic The truth is that this day doesn’t uals. It is about ideas and principles— and all the freedoms for which it really require any speeches or cere- the values that have made this country stands. monies, though we certainly will have what it is. I yield the floor. them all day long. We really need no In this body, we don’t take an oath to The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- monument to remind us of the suf- people or an oath to a person. We take pore. The majority leader. fering and sorrow that befell our coun- an oath to the Constitution. So that Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, I begin try 1 year ago today. unity of spirit has really been so obvi- by complimenting the distinguished As we sat there next to the wall of ous since I have gone into States in Republican leader on his eloquence and the Pentagon, I kept thinking about New England and the South and the his message this morning. the innocent men, women, and children West and the far West. It is about faith It was 1 year ago today that many of who lost their lives so inexplicably and that looks through death and a con- us turned on our television and saw so mercilessly on that day. But I also solation beyond all human assurance. what we could only imagine at the think about those who tried so hard This morning, when we joined Presi- time was a horrible, horrible accident. that day to save people’s lives with dent Bush at the Pentagon to formally Soon we realized that it was no acci- danger to themselves. Some of them reopen that section of the building de- dent. Instead, it was the worst terrorist probably were injured, and some of stroyed in the terrorist attack, we all attack on American soil. them maybe were killed—and all that again felt those emotions of a year ago. Later this morning the wing of the has gone into the work at that building I was sitting next to Senator DASCHLE, Pentagon that was destroyed is being to symbolize the importance of us and we couldn’t help but remember a rededicated. That field in Shanksville showing that we are mending our year ago when we flew in a helicopter, is once again green. The debris from wounds and we are going to be stronger along with Senator REID and Senator the site of the World Trade Center has from what we have experienced. NICKLES, right over that area. We been removed. The heavy equipment The wound that we had last year looked down and saw what was going and the workers are now engaged in hasn’t healed, nor should we expect it on—the smoke, the confusion, and the the act of building—not removing. to be healed so quickly, nor many of activities in trying to save people’s Through the physical scars of that the scars. The scars will be there. As a lives, put out the fire, and deal with all day, we see a nation beginning to be nation, we lost a great deal—not only that was going on. It is a site that has healed. The emotional ones are still these innocent lives in Virginia, Penn- been burned into my memory forever. raw with our memory. Thousands of sylvania, and New York, but also that Needless to say, there couldn’t be a families are approaching their second sense of security, and perhaps even na- better symbol than the restoration of Thanksgiving without a loved one. ivety that we have experienced think- the Pentagon for the way America’s Children are approaching their second ing that this is America, we are free Armed Forces have responded to the holiday season without a mother—or a and we are accessible, and we go and do assault on our country. God bless them father. Empty locker in firehouses still what we want without being better in for what they have done and for what bear witness to the brave men who are any way. they are doing today. no longer there. Well, that has changed. I believe we But those who were responsible for And so, the Pentagon can be re- have been hurt deeply—not just those that horror—and all those who shelter stored. New grass can cover the who were directly involved, but all of them, finance them, abet them, encour- churned earth of a rural field. New tow- us who watched it—all Americans and age them, or reward them—should un- ers can begin to rise where others fell. all freedom-loving people all over the derstand this: America’s most impor- Seasons and years can pass. Through it world. tant rebuilding is not the shattered all, we will never forget. I continue to be so pleased and, wall of the Pentagon, nor the scar in This day will forever be a part of our frankly, thrilled with the reaction I get the earth in New York City. For what national memory. Nine/eleven will for- when I meet with leaders from coun- we have restored in the past year can- ever be our national shorthand for all September 11, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S8481 that we witnessed, all that we have ex- dation isn’t concrete and steel; it is our IN REMEMBRANCE OF SEPTEMBER perienced—on that day and the days people, it is our commitment—our 11, 2001 following. commitment—to freedom and democ- Mr. STEVENS. Madam President, I That is what we remember all across racy, and to each other. was very proud of the efforts of Alas- America today. So today, we remember those we lost, kans in response to the disaster on In my home State of South Dakota, and we rededicate ourselves to pre- September 11 of last year. Although we there will be a number of small serv- serving the memory of their lives, and are thousands of miles from New York, ices, including a memorial ceremony at to defeating the terror that took them. they immediately reacted. Mount Rushmore. Our military men and women in Af- I suggest the absence of a quorum. In Seattle, WA, citizens will march ghanistan and those fighting terror The PRESIDING OFFICER. The to a downtown fountain that became around the globe carry with them our clerk will call the roll. the city’s unofficial memorial after pride, and our hopes. The legislative clerk proceeded to September 11. Thousands of flowers had In the most fateful struggles in call the roll. been left there. Those flowers were human history, freedom has triumphed Mr. LEAHY. Madam President, I ask gathered by the city and composted. over the worst forms of tyranny, and unanimous consent that the order for Each marcher will receive a bulb, in we will defeat the tyranny of terror as the quorum call be rescinded. mulch generated by the original memo- well. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without rial flowers, to plant. On March 11, 6 months after the at- objection, it is so ordered. Birmingham, AL, is dedicating a new tack, Valerie Webb, a 12-year-old who Mr. LEAHY. Madam President, later memorial walk. San Francisco is had lost her only living parent in the this afternoon in my home State of unfurling a 5-mile long banner along World Trade Center, flipped a switch, Vermont, the chief judge of the Federal the city’s coastline. sending two towers of light rising into district court, Judge William Sessions, From Portland, ME, to Portland, OR, the darkness over Lower Manhattan. will have an immigration ceremony, people are pausing, and paying tribute. Someone compared that memorial to and I might say that I can’t think of All tolled, more than 200 communities a national votive candle. Others com- anything more fitting. We will have are holding events of some kind. In one pared it to the lives that were lost: memorials and other events through- way or another, all Americans have the beautiful, powerful, and fleeting. On out the State of Vermont today, just as opportunity to commemorate our Na- April 14, as planned, that temporary we will in other States. tion’s loss. memorial was extinguished. Many of us had been at the Pentagon And, of course, some people will sim- At sunset tonight, in Battery Park, earlier this morning, heard the moving ply go about their business—and that New York’s mayor will light a flame to statements, and saw the resolve of the in itself is a powerful testimonial to commemorate the victims of that day. men and women who protect this Na- our ability to go on. tion. We heard our President and Sec- Today is also a day to remember that Unlike the towers of light, that flame will not be extinguished—it will be retary of Defense and others. our national tragedy is the combina- It is right that throughout the coun- eternal. tion of thousands of individual trage- try we have different events to mark That flame will burn within sight of dies. this occasion. I think that sentiment was best stat- another eternal flame—the symbolic I want to especially compliment ed by Janny Scott, a reporter on the flame from the torch held by the Stat- Judge Sessions for what he is doing in Metro desk of the New York Times, ue of Liberty. Vermont. If there is anything that who was responsible for assembling a Those two eternal flames carry with speaks to the resiliency of this Nation, number of the ‘‘Portraits of Grief’’ that them two eternal promises. the greatness of this Nation, it is wel- sought to capture the essence of each The torch held by the Statue of Lib- coming immigrants, saying our borders of the victims. erty is our Nation’s promise that we are not sealed, our borders are open. She wrote about ‘‘the individual hu- will never yield in our determination We want to welcome people who will manity swallowed up by the dehuman- to be a light to all those who seek free- continue to make this country great, izing vastness of the toll,’’ and what dom. just as did my paternal great-grand- she called ‘‘the preciousness of each And the flame that will be lit tonight parents and my maternal great-grand- life’s path.’’ is our promise that though we may be parents who came to this country not This morning, in New York, former slowly, steadily walking the path from speaking any English but who sought Mayor Giuliani began the process of remembrance to recovery—we will employment and a new life. My grand- reading the names of everyone who per- never forget. fathers were stone cutters in Vermont, ished on that day. If one name is read immigrant stock. My wife was the first every 5 seconds, it will take over 4 f generation of her family to be born hours to list every loss. here in the United States. It is immi- We also remember the individual acts MOMENT OF SILENCE IN RECOGNI- grants who have made this Nation of heroism: Firefighters who rushed up TION OF THE EVENTS OF SEP- strong. to help others get down; the passengers TEMBER 11, 2001 What Judge Sessions is doing is tell- and flight attendants on flight 93, who ing us that our borders and our country showed us that we don’t ever have to The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- and our arms are still open to the mix surrender to evil. pore. Under the previous order, the of people from throughout the world Seeing their selflessness inspired hour of 12 noon having arrived, the who will continue to give us the diver- something similar in all of us. In South Senate will now observe a moment of sity we need, just as our Constitution Dakota, one ranch couple—themselves silence in recognition of the events of gives us diversity and guarantees that struggling—sold $40,000 worth of cattle September 11, 2001. diversity in the first amendment. We and donated the proceeds to the vic- (Thereupon, the Senate observed a now have new Americans who will be tims. Similar acts of selflessness took moment of silence.) here with the same rights and privi- place all over the country. Millions of Mr. DASCHLE. Madam President, I leges the rest of us have, and the Na- hands reached out to those who had suggest the absence of a quorum. tion will be a better place for it. lost so much, until, by the act of reach- The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mrs. I yield the floor. ing out and grieving, and remembering, CARNAHAN). The clerk will call the roll. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ma- we all came shoulder to shoulder as we The legislative clerk proceeded to jority leader. understood the extraordinary nature of call the roll. Mr. DASCHLE. Madam President, I the loss. Mr. STEVENS. Madam President, I know a lot of Senators wish to be The terrorists who brought down the ask unanimous consent that the order heard. While I won’t ask unanimous World Trade Center thought they could for the quorum call be rescinded. consent that this be done, I would urge shake the foundation of this country. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without that the Chair recognize members of They didn’t understand that the foun- objection, it is so ordered. both parties in alternating fashion to S8482 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 11, 2002 accommodate both sides equally. That I stated that I was joined by my dis- their hope, and their determination, might be the best way to accommodate tinguished chairman, CARL LEVIN, and and they still have the love of a very everybody. That way we can get I said, speaking to the Nation: sympathetic Nation. through the afternoon in the most ap- I can assure you that the Congress stands On September 11, we all felt as if the propriate way. behind our President and the President loss was too much to bear, as if it I urge and ask the Chair to recognize speaks with one voice for this entire Nation. would be impossible to go on. But out Senators on either side. This is, indeed, the most tragic hour in of the ashes of the World Trade Center The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- America’s history, and yet I think it can be and the Pentagon, we in Congress re- ator from Virginia. its finest hour, as our President and those turned to work. We tried in our legisla- Mr. WARNER. Madam President, we with him, most notably our Secretary of De- tive ways to address the terrorist fense, our chairman [of the Joint Chiefs] and have just returned from a most historic the men and women of the armed forces all threat. Within a week of the attack, we and moving ceremony at the Depart- over this world stand ready not only to de- approved a resolution authorizing the ment of Defense. That building will al- fend this nation and our allies against fur- President to use force against those ways occupy in my heart a very special ther attack, but to take such actions as are who would perpetuate or harbor the place for I was privileged to serve there directed in the future in retaliation for this terrorists. during 5 years and 4 months of the pe- terrorist act—one of the most unprecedented Within a month, we approved the riod of the war in Vietnam in the Navy in the history of the world. USA Patriot Act, which authorized our Secretariat, including my service as We call upon the entire world to step up law enforcement and intelligence agen- and help, because terrorism is a common cies to take the necessary steps to root Secretary of the Navy. enemy to all, and we’re in this together. The On 9/11, of course, I joined colleagues United States has borne the brunt, but out the terrorist threat and to protect briefly here in the Chamber and then [which nation] can be next? Step forward and the Nation. we exited and with other colleagues let us hold accountable and punish those In May of this year, we approved the who were gathered in the park, we that have perpetrated this attack. border security and visa reform legisla- chatted a little bit about what we Under the leadership of our President tion, which overhauled the way this should do. I returned to my office and and the courage of the men and women Nation allows immigrants and visitors conducted a brief prayer meeting and of the Armed Forces and the strength into the country. recommended to my staff that they of the citizens of this Nation, that has In June, we approved a bioterrorism proceed to their homes and their loved been done, is being done, and will be bill that included strict certification ones. done. requirements for laboratories that han- In about an hour or two, however, I I yield the floor. dle anthrax, smallpox, and more than decided I would like to go to the De- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- 30 other deadly pathogens. partment of Defense again because of ator from Nevada. At the same time, the United States my very special high regard for the Mr. REID. Madam President, under launched a war against terror. In Af- men and women of the Armed Forces the order now in effect, Senators have ghanistan, the U.S. forces, working and that dastardly act committed by up to 10 minutes to speak, and we with the Northern Alliance, ousted the terrorists. I called the Secretary of De- would ask that everyone would do their Taliban, fought al-Qaida troops, and fense, whom I had known for many best to confine themselves to that 10 made it possible for Hamid Karzai to be years. We both served in the adminis- minutes. elected President—Afghanistan’s first tration of President Nixon and Presi- I ask unanimous consent that the list democratic election. U.S. special forces were also sent to dent Ford. He said: Come right over. of speakers be as I am going to outline the Philippines, to Yemen, and Georgia I called my good friend and col- them. These names have been given to to train local troops on how to fight league, CARL LEVIN, at his home, and our staff. The staff has given these to the war against terror. We have broken CARL immediately said, yes, he would me: Senator FEINSTEIN, Senator KAY up al-Qaida cells in Spain, France, Mo- join us, and the two of us then pro- BAILEY HUTCHISON, Senator LEVIN, Sen- rocco, and Singapore, preventing ceeded to the Department of Defense ator SNOWE, Senator DORGAN, Senator planned attacks. where we joined Secretary Rumsfeld SHELBY, Senator DODD, Senator BEN- In the financial world, the Treasury and then-Chairman of the Joint Chiefs, NETT, Senator DURBIN, and Senator Department began examining the fi- General Shelton. It was a memorable BROWNBACK. If everyone uses their 10 nancing of terrorist organizations, afternoon there at the command post minutes, that is going to take some freezing more than $34 million in ter- watching the magnificence of our com- time. What I would suggest is that rorist assets. mand structure dealing with the many staff be notified of those who wish to Now the Senate is considering two unknowns, and yet taking the proper speak this afternoon, and we will be additional steps to defend our Nation: a actions. happy to do that to make it so that bill to create a new Department of The President called in. Both Sen- people have to wait not a very long pe- Homeland Defense and a comprehen- ator LEVIN and I spoke with him brief- riod of time. sive review of the intelligence failures ly. Then we went back with the Sec- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without that led to 9/11. retary to where the plane had struck objection, it is so ordered. I would expect the Senate to approve the building and visited with all those The Senator from California is recog- the homeland defense bill in the com- who were performing heroic acts right nized. ing weeks, and, hopefully, it will be before our eyes in hopes of saving other Mrs. FEINSTEIN. Madam President, signed into law by the end of the year. lives and doing what they could to I rise today to share some of my On September 17, the Intelligence comfort those wounded. thoughts on this very special day, a Committees of both the House and the We then returned with the Secretary. day that commemorates one of the Senate will open their first hearings on And Secretary Rumsfeld asked Senator darkest days in our Nation’s history. our intelligence review, which has been LEVIN and I to accompany him to a Those of us who listened this morn- going on now for 6 months. press conference. We stood behind the ing to the recitation of the names of One year has now passed. The Nation Secretary and the Chairman while they those killed in the World Trade Center has shown its resolve and resiliency. spoke. And then unexpectedly, Sec- and the Pentagon found in those names Now we must show our staying power. retary Rumsfeld turned to both of us both a message of grief and one deep in For me, what emerged from 9/11 were and asked us to make a few remarks. sorrow. Also in those names was a pro- four specific points: I have here this morning the remarks found message of how deeply the world First, we must stay the course on the I made, with no preparation, just is interwoven. The reading of these war on terror. We must ferret out, speaking from the heart. And they are names was, for me, an unforgettable bring to justice, one by one, group by as true today, 1 year later, as they message of our diversity. group, those al-Qaida, or others, who were at about 6:30 on the afternoon or My sorrow, my sympathy, my condo- would simply kill because they hate. the evening of 9/11 when Senator LEVIN lences go to those who have lost so Secondly, we must make this coun- and I joined the Secretary. I will just much. For many, they have lost every- try as safe as possible: eliminate loop- repeat these remarks. thing; yet they still have their spirit, holes in laws, prevent fraudulent entry September 11, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S8483 into our country, ensure that deadly first responders—the firefighters, terrorist attacks. But then I watched chemicals and biological agents are emergency personnel, and police offi- the triumph of the human spirit. I properly handled, and see that the na- cers—who rushed into the devastation watched ordinary Americans, people tional security is protected, wherever to help others, many sacrificing their pretty much like us, who on that day possible. own lives in the process. did extraordinary things. Thirdly, we have to reinforce the But the American spirit of resilience A year ago today, our Nation’s lead- hallmarks of America: liberty, justice, rose from the ashes of Ground Zero, the ers watched, and we were helpless, like freedom. Despite this crisis, the Con- Pentagon, and that quiet field in Penn- everybody else, to do anything about stitution and the Bill of Rights remain sylvania. Our collective anguish be- the problem. I am proud to say today strong and central to our way of life. came our national resolve. We focused that we are not helpless, that we have Finally, we need to celebrate our de- our energies on destroying the cow- started to fight back. mocracy, and the way we do that is ardly instigators of this tragedy so Our homeland is more secure today simple: We make it work. We produce they could not do it again to us or any than it was a year ago, but it is not as for our people. We pass good legisla- other nation on Earth. secure as it has to be. We are fighting tion. We administer the programs. We We will forever recall this day, but a war, but the Congress has to give to show that democracy offers solutions we are not a vengeful people. As Ameri- our military and to our law enforce- to the real problems of our society. cans, we value peace, freedom, and lib- ment officials the tools they need to Let me say one thing about remain- erty. We know our diversity and toler- finish the job. ing vigilant in the war against terror. ance of other views, religions, and ways When in doubt, I believe we must act. Much of the al-Qaida organization re- of life are what make our Nation great. What is at issue is the safety of the mains intact, including two-thirds of We do not perpetuate hatred or vio- American people, and I am not willing the leadership, and possibly Osama bin lence. We teach our children to love to turn that safety over to our allies, Laden himself. Afghanistan is our one another and treat others with re- to the United Nations, or to anybody beachhead in the war on terror. We spect. else. Where terror hides, it must be America was born out of a great cannot lose it or we lose the war on rooted out and it must be destroyed, struggle. The words of our Founding terror. Yet Afghanistan’s leadership is and if we have to do that alone, then Fathers ring as true today as they did fragile. Just last week there was an at- America is willing and capable of doing more than 200 years ago. In 1771, Sam- tack on President Karzai’s life. that alone. uel Adams said: In my 24 years of public service in We have an obligation to provide for Congress, I have always been proud of the security of Afghanistan and its The liberties of our country, the freedom of our civil constitution, are worth defending my country and my countrymen, but I leaders and ensure that the nation does at all hazards; and it is our duty to defend have never been prouder than I have not fall under the control of regional them against all attacks. We have received been in the last 12 months. It has al- warlords. We must ensure that the Af- them as a fair inheritance from our worthy ways been a privilege to serve, but in ghan economy becomes upwardly mo- ancestors: they purchased them for us with the last 12 months it has been my great bile. toil and danger and expense of treasure and privilege to serve the greatest country We have work to do to find those in blood, and transmitted to us with care and in the history of the world. hiding, whether in Pakistan, Yemen, diligence. It is our duty to carry on the crusade I yield the floor. Saudi Arabia, the Sudan, Southeast The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Asia, and, yes, in our own country. Al- for freedom that generations of Ameri- cans have fought and died to keep. The ator from Michigan. Qaida remains poised to do their dirty Mr. LEVIN. Madam President, 1 year heroes of September 11 did not lose deeds. ago today, the openness and freedom of their lives in vain. The protection of America learned on September 11 a American society were used against us our liberty and freedom remains reso- very simple and sobering lesson—that when terrorists hijacked civilian pas- lute. there are people in the world who senger jets and used them as missiles would destroy us if they could. We It is the words of a civilian hero that remain with us, a young man with a to demolish the Twin Towers of the must remember this fact and do all we World Trade Center and destroy a large can to stop them. This means staying pregnant wife at home. He saw the hor- rors on his airplane that morning on section of the Pentagon. The fourth jet the course and winning the war against hijacked that infamous morning, terror. This means keeping focused on September 11 as they were flying over Pennsylvania. He realized from tele- United Flight 93, may well have been the immediate threat from al-Qaida, phone reports that this airplane, too, headed for this Capitol Building before and this means looking for new ways to was part of a terrible plan headed for brave crew members and passengers strengthen our Nation’s homeland de- one of our treasured symbols of free- fought back against their captors. fense. One year ago today, over 3,000 people dom in Washington, DC. Though he had As we all consider the past year, let had their lives snatched away from little time to prepare, he and other us remember all of those who perished them. The emotional trauma of those brave passengers decided to fight. And in the attacks and in their memory re- Todd Beamer’s last words in his valiant losses has affected each and every dedicate ourselves to doing all we can effort are our battle cry in this war on American. No State, no town, no com- to making our Nation strong and pre- terrorism: ‘‘Let’s roll.’’ munity, no person has been left un- venting a similar attack in the future. America is ready to roll, Madam touched. I yield the floor. President, and we will never forget The despicable actions of the terror- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- those who gave their lives for our free- ists last September 11 have changed ator from Texas is recognized. dom on September 11, 2001. the world, not only because of what Mrs. HUTCHISON. Madam President, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- they have destroyed, but also because I would like to split my time with my ator from Texas. of what they have kindled in the Amer- colleague from Texas, so I wish to be Mr. GRAMM. Madam President, I ican people. notified when I have used 5 minutes. thank my dear colleague and tell her I In New York City, at the Pentagon, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- am very happy to have my remarks ap- in the skies over Pennsylvania and ator will be notified. pear next to hers. across America, 1 year ago today and Mrs. HUTCHISON. Madam President, A year ago today, terrorism struck in the days since then, we have seen 1 year ago today, 3,000 people woke up, at the very symbols of American de- the bravery, compassion, determina- kissed their loved ones goodbye, went mocracy and capitalism, as if by de- tion, and shared sense of purpose of to work, and never returned. In the stroying those symbols, as if by de- Americans from all walks of life. As blink of an eye, their lives were bru- stroying the buildings, as if by killing one writer put it, ‘‘September 11 did tally taken by the violent acts of ter- innocent people, they could destroy not alter the American character, it rorists. those institutions. merely revealed it.’’ Together, we grieved and mourned They failed. I would add that it did not weaken for those who lost their lives. We mar- Like millions of Americans, a year our spirit, it strengthened it immeas- veled at the heroism and bravery of the ago today I watched the horror of the urably. S8484 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 11, 2002 We have, astoundingly, already re- tantly, we will honor them by carrying got it just right. That was David: very ana- built the mangled section of the Pen- on that noble struggle for what has lytical and very optimistic. . . . tagon, and we have cleared Ground been called the American dream but ‘‘David encouraged people to participate in what he thought would be the biggest bull Zero in New York City. We have con- what is actually humankind’s dream. market in American history—in 1991. It was secrated time and place and commemo- Madam President, I ask unanimous an incredible prediction.’’ rated the heroic individuals who faced consent that an article from the De- Alger was born Dec. 15, 1943, in California 9/11 head on. troit Free Press titled ‘‘Michigan’s 16 but grew up in Grosse Pointe. He received his We are now engaged in a war on ter- Legacies’’ be printed in the RECORD. undergraduate degree from Harvard Univer- rorism. It is unlike any war we have There being no objection, the article sity and a master’s in business administra- ever fought. It has no boundaries. It was ordered to be printed in the tion from U–M in 1968. He joined his brother Fred’s company, Fred Alger Management, in has no clear end. Our enemies target RECORD, as follows: 1972 as an analyst. He eventually owned 20 civilians. They are not soldiers. They [From the Detroit Free Press, Sept. 5, 2002] percent of the business. are not warriors. They are murderers. MICHIGAN’S 16 LEGACIES In 1995, Alger’s brother moved to Geneva, We have taken the battle to our (By Sheryl James) Switzerland, and left him in control of the enemy. We have destroyed the Taliban company’s daily operations. At the time of They were among America’s best, brightest Alger’s death, the firm’s assets had grown and disrupted the al-Qaida network. and happiest. Those who have not been killed or cap- Many had attended some of the finest from $3 billion to $15 billion and its work- tured we have driven into hiding. We schools—Cranbrook, Detroit Country Day, force from 82 to 220. Alger, who owned homes in Manhattan and have liberated Afghanistan from the the University of Michigan, Harvard, Yale, Tuxedo Park, N.Y., loved technology stocks Princeton and Vanderbilt. clutches of terrorists, and we have put and managed mutual funds that ranked near As teens, they walked the halls of schools the rest of the world on notice that to the top of the 1990s bull market. He often ap- from Cass Tech in Detroit to Traverse City harbor terrorists is to invite disaster. peared on financial TV programs and wrote High, all of them contributing, achieving, In these sterner times, we have redis- ‘‘Raging Bull:‘ How to Invest in the Growth giving back. They were young scholars and Stocks of the ’90s.’’ covered that we are made of sterner financial wizards, technology gurus, Na- On Sept. 11, Alger was working in company stuff. tional Honor Society members, athletes, mu- offices on the 93rd floor of the trade center’s Yesterday, I had the honor of helping sicians, champions of theater, contributors north tower. There were 1,300 people at his to plant a memorial Red Ash tree at to their communities. funeral, said White, who attended. Alger is Most of them were well traveled—and well the Pentagon. That tree, and eight oth- survived by his wife, Josephine; two daugh- on their way to the kind of success that de- ers like it planted at the site over the ters; his brother, and a sister. weekend, were propagated from parts fines the American Dream. A few already UNFETTERED SPIRIT LOVED THE CITY LIFE of a champion Red Ash tree in had achieved that dream, with homes in Manhattan, book credits, TV appearances. Eric Bennett, 29, a Flint native, caught the Dowagiac, MI, named as such because One of them survived the 1993 terrorist travel bug early when he took a trip overseas it is the largest example known of its bombing of the World Trade Center. with a high school foreign language club. He species. That champion is 450 years old They are gone now, these 16 terrorism vic- traveled often afterward, said his mother, and 21 feet around at its trunk. It spans tims who had significant Michigan ties. But Kathy Bennett of Flint. the history of America. And, like the their legacies live on—in their accomplish- He visited Brazil, Puerto Rico, Rome, Lon- American spirit, it is indomitable. ments and through their loved ones left be- don and Paris. but Bennett also loved the At yesterday’s ceremony, I remarked hind. Brooklyn, N.Y., brownstone where he lived, the big-city life in New York and his job as that we Americans are as well-rooted FINANCIAL WHIZ KID ON FAST TRACK TO area vice president for Alliance Consulting SUCCESS as that champion Red Ash in Group. His office was on the 102nd floor of Dowagiac, and like its crown, our Na- Terence Adderley Jr., 22, had a head and a the trade center’s north tower. tion’s aspirations reach high into the heart for finance by the time he was a teen- ‘‘From his home, he could see the towers, skies above. The tendrils of democracy ager. Before even graduating from Detroit and from his desk at work, he could see root us; our aspiration is an unquench- Country Day in 1997, he had started an in- Brooklyn,’’ his mother said. ‘‘He just loved vestment club. His grandfather, William life.’’ able desire for freedom—for ourselves Russell Kelly, founded Kelly Services of Troy and for all people everywhere. In 1989, Bennett graduated from Flint’s in 1946, and his father, Terence E. Adderley, Kearsley High School, where he had been co- Archibald MacLeish wrote, ‘‘There is its president and chief executive officer. captain of the football team the year before. are those who will say that the libera- Adderley, who grew up in Bloomfield Hills, In 1993, he received a bachelor of science de- tion of humanity, the freedom of man took his love of finance to Vanderbilt Uni- gree in computer information systems from and mind, is nothing but a dream. They versity in Nashville, Tenn., where he earned Ferris State University. He also played foot- are right. It is the American dream.’’ a bachelor’s degree in economics in May 2001. ball at Ferris State and earned an All-Mid- We have shared that dream with the Soon after, he landed a job with Fred Alger west Intercollegiate Football Conference rest of the world. Management Inc., which had offices on the honorable mention in 1992. 93rd floor of the trade center’s north tower. For the better part of the last cen- In addition to his mother, he is survived by Joseph White, a University of Michigan his father, Terry Bennett, and a sister. tury, the United States and our allies business professor and former interim presi- WINGS FAN HELD FAMILY CLOSE TO HIS HEART fought a successful battle against the dent, said Adderley had tremendous poten- genocidal forces of fascism and totali- tial Frank Doyle, 39, formerly of New Boston tarianism. We defeated the Nazis. We White knew Adderley through U–M alum- and Bloomfield Hills, was a loyal Detroit Red Wings fan. He grew up playing hockey and won the Cold War. In the bloody strug- nus David Alger, president of Fred Alger Management. As a young analyst for the was the varsity goalie from his first year on gle between ideologies, democratic gov- at Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine. ernments triumphed over repressive re- company, ‘‘Ted was thriving,’’ White said. ‘‘He loved what he was doing.’’ Later, he played on three mens hockey gimes. Besides his father, survivors include his teams near his Englewood, N.J., home. This democracy of ours and our allies mother, Mary Elizabeth; five sisters, and a Doyle attended Huron High School in New will prevail against the likes of al- grandmother. Boston and graduated from the Cranbrook Schools in Bloomfield Hills in 1980. He Qaida because the overwhelming ma- EXECUTIVE HAD EYE FOR BEST, BRIGHTEST jority of people in the world want free- earned a bachelor of arts degree from David Alger, 57, president of Fred Alger Bowdoin with majors in economics and gov- dom and justice and dignity and oppor- Management Inc., was a familiar fixture on ernment in 1985. He also earned a master’s in tunity. America remains a beacon of CNN, MSNBC and CNBC—and at many U–M business administration from New York Uni- hope to the oppressed everywhere. Our events. He was a prominent alumnus and versity’s Stern School of Business in 1993. current generation of service men and supporter of the U–M business school, where, Doyle was senior vice president of the women, and the American people gen- White said, he was the spring commence- Keefe Bryuette & Woods brokerage in the erally, will meet the new challenges ment speaker in 1997 and served on the trade center’s south tower. He directed its and threats that we face as a nation as school’s senior advisory board. equity and trading department and was on Alger loved grooming young people for successfully as we met the challenges the company’s board of directors. business and often returned to his alma Just before his death, Doyle was training and threats of the last century. mater. for triathlons. The people who perished 1 year ago ‘‘David was a terrifically talented man,’’ ‘‘He was probably in the best shape of his did not do so in vain. We will always White said. ‘‘A colleague of mine said, ‘I life’’ and planned to run a triathlon the remember them and, most impor- loved David’s rational exuberance,’ and she weekend after the terrorist attacks, said his September 11, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S8485 wife, Kim Chedel. But, she said, Doyle most- New York City apartment to golf with his fa- He worked for major corporations, estab- ly ‘‘loved being a dad’’ to their children, Zoe ther, Dennis; play with the family’s two Lab- lished his own successful company and fi- and Garrett, who were 3 and 16 months when rador retrievers; visit friends and enjoy boat- nally became a computer architect for Lock- their father died. ing on lakes near the family home. heed-Martin in Washington. Doyle and Chedel had both escaped harm In May 2001, Hoorn received a bachelor’s Ploger’s parents—his father is retired and when the trade center was bombed by terror- degree in economics from Yale University. his mother, Marguerite, is deceased—were ists in 1993. Chedel, who then worked at a On Sept. 11, he was working at Fred Alger originally from Owosso. Their son graduated brokerage in a different part of the complex Management Inc. on the 93rd floor of the in 1959 from Paris American High School in than her husband, escaped within 2 hours. north tower. France and attended Michigan State Univer- She said she cried for hours while waiting for In addition to his parents, he is survived by sity in 1959–60. He served in the U.S. Army Doyle to emerge. a sister. from 1960–62. Ploger then earned a bachelor’s On Sept. 11, Doyle called Chedel after the CONSULTANT MADE HER OWN WAY IN THE WORLD degree in philosophy from the University of first plane hit. He was on the 87th floor of Suzanne Kondratenko, 27, formerly of Denver in 1965, married and raised two chil- the south tower—the second hit but the first Romeo, had such zeal and spark, her sister dren. He and his first wife, Sheila, later di- to fall. called her a spitfire, Patricia Kondratenko vorced. ‘‘He said, ‘If you think we got rocked in ‘93, said Suzanne was creative, independent and Ploger had lived in California, Virginia and this was 10 times worse,’’’ Chedel said. Maryland, working as a computer specialist. ‘‘I said, ‘Frank, get out of there.’ He said had a daring sense of humor. He married his second wife, Zandra, in May to me, ‘The PA system said it was . . . ‘‘Things she would say, other people 2001. On Sept. 11, they were on their way to more secure to stay in the building.’’’ wouldn’t get away with,’’ Patricia Doyle called his wife again at 9:22 a.m. ‘‘He Kondratenko of Rochester said. She espe- Hawaii for a honeymoon. Both were aboard said, ‘Sweetie, we’ve gone up to the roof. The cially remembers Suzanne’s beautiful skin American Flight 77 when it crashed into the doors are locked, and we can’t go down. I and how she always smelled like flowers. Pentagon. A memorial service was held at know you know this, but I love you . . . Kondratenko and her sisters—all seven of the same hotel in Annandale where the cou- and you need to tell Zoe and Garrett every them—attended the Academy of the Sacred ple celebrated their wedding. day for the rest of their lives how much Heart in Bloomfield Hills. Suzanne grad- GENTLE GIANT WON PEOPLE OVER EASILY uated in 1992. In 1996, she earned a bachelor’s Daddy loves them.’’ David Pruim, 52, was ‘‘the kindest, nicest, degree in English literature and humanistic His survivors also include his mother, most gentle, 6-foot-4 person there ever was,’’ studies from St. Mary’s College in Notre Maureen Doyle of New Boston, and three sib- his wife of 28 years, Kate, told the New York lings. Dame, Ind. An employee of Keane Consulting in Chi- Times shortly after his death. ‘‘He made ev- TEACHER KEPT HER FRIENDS FOR A LIFETIME cago, Kondratenko was in New York on Sept. eryone he came into contact with feel good Barbara Edwards, 58, who grew up in Wyo- 11 to do consulting work for Aon Corp. on the about himself, from children to adults.’’ ming, near Grand Rapids, was a woman of 92nd floor of the trade center’s south tower. Pruim was senior vice president of risk character and warmth. She kept friends for a ‘‘Suzanne committed herself, entirely, to services for Aon Corp., on the 103rd floor of lifetime and, as a high school teacher, her every endeavor,’’ said her sister Aimee the trade center’s south tower. showed up at her students’ soccer games on Kondratenko of Chicago. ‘‘She was capable of The Pruims, both originally from Michi- her own time. so much.’’ gan, lived in Upper Montclair, N.J., with ‘‘Barb was a people person,’’ said her sister She is survived by her sisters and her par- their 10-year old daughter, Carrington. David Jane Gollan of Seattle. ‘‘If you met her 30 ents, Eric and Patricia Kondratenko, of was a 1966 graduate of Western Michigan years ago, she would still be friends with Romeo. Christian High School in Muskegon. He re- you. She had a knack for keeping in touch.’’ ceived a bachelor’s degree in political ACTRESS CAPTIVATED BY THE ALLURE OF Edwards also was a fan of Bette Midler and science from Hope College in Holland in 1970. THEATER of personal mementos like the 40-year-old Last October, the college dedicated its accordion she had as a child. She never Margaret Mattic, 51, knew by her senior homecoming football game to Pruim. threw anything out, and her garage never year at Cass Tech High in Detroit that she He is survived by three brothers and his had room for a car, family members said. wanted to be an actress and live in New stepmother, Louise Pruim, who lives in Nor- Edwards, who lived in Las Vegas, grad- York. She accomplished that goal, and more. ton Shores. His late father, James Pruim, uated from Kelloggsville High School in Before she died, she was writing plays and was mayor of Muskegon from 1994 to 1996. Grand Rapids in 1961 and from Western planning to produce them, her sister, Jean BRILLIANT MAN HAD AN EMPATHETIC EAR Michigan University in 1965. She worked for Neal of Detroit, said. a time at Catholic Central High School in ‘‘My earliest memories of Margaret are of Josh Rosenthal, 44, was a brilliant guy Grand Rapids. She also married, had three her performing in school plays,’’ said Peggy with a big heart. He doted on his nieces and, children and lived in various states before di- Robinson, who grew up with Mattic on De- despite a terrible allergy to cats, kept his vorcing in the early 1990s. troit’s east side. ‘‘She was always the lead. I Manhattan apartment window open to pro- She was a high school French and German was a narrator. When we did ‘Snow White,’ vide a scratching post for his neighbor’s cats, teacher in Las Vegas when she went to a she was Snow White. And she was Gretel his sister Helen Rosenthal recalled. friend’s wedding in Connecticut the weekend when we did ‘Hansel and Gretel.’’’ ‘‘He had this ability to reach in and really before the Sept. 11 attacks. She was supposed Mattic also was adventurous, Neal said. touch people and make them feel like he was to return home, but friends convinced her to ‘‘She did more traveling and living away truly listening and understanding what they stay for a couple of days. She wound up on from home. The rest of us remained in De- were saying,’’ she said. American Airlines Flight 77, which left Dul- troit. Margaret lived in New Orleans and Rosenthal was raised in Livonia and grad- les International Airport in suburban Wash- New York.’’ uated from Stevenson High School in 1975. ington, and crashed into the Pentagon. While Mattic was a student at Wayne His mother, Marilynn Rosenthal of Ann Just before the attacks, one of Edwards’ State University, where she received a bach- Arbor, is a professor of behavioral sciences sons had left a job as a broker in the World elor’s degree in liberal arts in 1973, ‘‘she at the University of Michigan-Dearbon. His Trade Center. In addition to her children, traveled to Europe for 8 weeks, all by her- father, Avram (Skip) Rosenthal of South- Edwards’ survivors include her parents, Jack self,’’ Neal said. ‘‘She had more nerve than field, owns Books Abound in Farmington and and Liss Vander Baan who live south of all of us.’’ is a former director of the Henry Ford Com- Grand Rapids in Allegan County; a sister, Mattic, the youngest of five children, al- munity College Library in Dearborn. and two grandchildren. ways loved to read and write, said her moth- In 1979, Rosenthal earned a bachelor of arts AVID READER RELISHED HIS MICHIGAN ROOTS er, Katie Mattic of Detroit. As an adult, she degree in political science from the U–M in bought dozens of books for herself and for Brad Hoorn, 22, originally from Richland, Ann Arbor. In 1977, he was named a Truman her mother. near Kalamazoo, never lost his affection for Scholar, a merit-based scholarship award After graduating from Cass Tech in the his favorite childhood book, ‘‘Charlotte’s given to outstanding college juniors. late ’60s, she appeared in several plays in De- Web.’’ He learned to read using that book In 1981, Rosenthal received a master’s de- troit and New York, particularly ones with and he reread it periodically, said his moth- gree in public affairs from the Woodrow Wil- African-American themes. Mattic worked as er, Kathy Hoorn of Richland. A voracious son School of Public and International Af- a customer service representative for Gen- reader, Hoorn often read an entire book to fairs at Princeton University. He moved to eral Telecom in the trade center’s north relax before an important college exam, she New York afterward, and on Sept. 11, was at tower. work as senior vice president of Fiduciary said. She was single and had no children. Bright, energetic and outgoing, Hoorn Trust Co. on the 90th floor of the trade cen- played several musical instruments; had HE WAS ON WAY TO A HAWAII HONEYMOON ter’s south tower. been president of the National Honor Society Robert R. Ploger III, 59, of Annandale, Va., Rosenthal lived in Manhattan, but stayed at Gull Lake High School in Richland, from approached his life’s work with a sense of ad- involved with family and friends in Michi- which he graduated in 1997, and cocaptain of venture, said his father, Maj. Gen. Robert gan. He was godfather to several children of the tennis team. Ploger of Ann Arbor. He studied philosophy friends his sister said. He was a computer whiz, his mother said, in college but wound up working with com- ‘‘Josh had a large and wonderful family and loved coming back to Michigan from his puters. that he was very close to,’’ his mother said. S8486 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 11, 2002

ONETIME STAR PITCHER HAD NEW LIFE WITH field—by buying a red BMW convertible, said tial and convinced her to work for his com- WIFE her aunt, Olga Stevens of Troy. Soon after, pany. Brock Safronoff, 26, originally from Tra- she bought her Oakland Township home. She became a research assistant for Fred verse City, worked as a computer systems Terry had one brother and grew up in Troy, Alger Management on the 93rd floor of the analyst for Marsh & McLennan Cos. Inc. on graduating from Troy High School in 1977. trade center’s north tower and lived in Hobo- the 96th floor of the trade center’s north She studied a social services program at Fer- ken, N.J. She is survived by her mother; three sis- tower. He was a 1993 graduate of Traverse ris State University from 1977 to 1980 and ters, and a brother. Her late father, Henry City Central High School, where he had been was a member of the Theta Tau Alpha soror- (Hank) Whalen, had been a Canton Township a star pitcher for the baseball team. ity. She studied insurance at Michigan State University in the mid-1980s. trustee. In 1997, he earned a bachelor’s degree in Mr. LEVIN. Madam President, I yield chemistry from Amherst College in Massa- She loved skiing, flowers and her two cats. chusetts, where he also was a starting pitch- An accomplished horsewoman, she showed the floor. er on the baseball team. Later, he finished for the American and Michigan Quarter The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- course work toward a master’s degree from Horse associations. The latter named her ator from Maine. Columbia University in New York. Sportswoman of the Year in 1993. Ms. SNOWE. A few short hours ago, Safronoff and his wife, Tara, were married Terry also was a member of the American at the Pentagon, we bore witness to the in August 2001 on Staten Island. They had Business Women’s Association and the Na- essence of this solemn anniversary. It just moved to a Manhattan apartment before tional Association of Women in Construc- was a message of restoration and re- tion. the Sept. 11 attacks. In addition to his wife, newal from a grateful nation. his survivors include his parents Joel and FLIGHT ATTENDANT HAD THE HEART OF A CHILD Today is the commemoration of both Debra Safronoff of Traverse City; a brother, Alicia Nicole Titus, 28, whose parents live incalculable loss and limitless courage, and a sister. in Dexter, was a positive, peace-loving, let’s- of enduring sorrow and indomitable MILITARY MAN HAD 2ND CHILD ON THE WAY make-the-world-a-better-place kind of per- son. spirit. Lt. Col. Kip Taylor, 38, originally from ‘‘She was very much into acceptance of We seek to honor the bravery and Marquette, came from a military family. He world cultures and . . . very embracing of heroism displayed by so many for so loved his job as an assistant to three-star people with different belief systems,’’ said long on this day and the days fol- Gen. Tim Maude at the Pentagon. her father, John Titus. ‘‘So it is ironic, sadly lowing. We are moved to grieve for But at home, Taylor loved the gentler art so,’’ he said, that she was a flight attendant of cooking. He especially loved trying out what and whom we lost—such as Maine on United Airlines Flight 175, which crashed new recipes on unsuspecting visiting friends, victims Anna Allison, Carol Flyzik, into the trade center’s south tower Sept. 11. his wife, Nancy, said. Robert Jalbert, James Roux, Stephen Titus had just become a flight attendant. Taylor also loved working with wood. He Ward, Robert Norton, Jacqueline Nor- Disillusioned with corporate life as a mar- build a deck and worked on other projects at keting director for a firm in San Francisco, ton, and Robert Schlegel. his McLean, VA., home. He had a 22-month- where she lived, she switched careers, said Today, we embrace all that we have old son Dean. On Oct. 25, his wife gave birth her father, who is director of student advise- retained as a nation—our strength, our to his second son, John Luke who will be ment services at Schoolcraft College in sense of purpose, our unity, and our called Luke. Livonia. Alicia’s mother, Beverly, teaches veneration of the principles of freedom ‘‘He considered his most important role as part-time at the college’s Women’s Resource and justice—for today, the hearts of that of father,’’ his wife said. ‘‘We were both Center and Continuing Education Depart- so excited about the baby.’’ Americans and freedom-loving people ment. In 1985, Taylor graduated from Northern across the globe are beckoned at once Titus grew up in St. Paris, Ohio. She grad- by sorrow and resolve, and we should Michigan University with a bachelor’s degree uated from Graham High School there in 1991 in management. He had two scholarships, and earned a bachelor’s degree in inter- heed the call of both. one for basketball and one for the ROTC pro- national business from Miami University in The snapshots of insanity etched in gram. Oxford, Ohio, in 1995. our minds, the indelible stain of He died when American Airlines Flight 77 ‘‘She had lead roles in musicals in high unfathomable inhumanity, these must crashed into the Pentagon. He was promoted school and was into track, cheerleading and remain if we are to triumph over the to lieutenant colonel from major post- National Honor Society,’’ her father said. humously, his wife said. tyranny of terror, and triumph we She also loved outdoor sports such as must. His survivors also include his mother, Kay snowborading, mountain climbing and sky Taylor, who is executive director of a child In a horrific irony, the forces of dark- diving. She had traveled to Spain, Morocco, ness had their way on an especially care referral agency in Marquette; a brother, England and France. also in the Army, and a sister. Taylor’s late Titus’ roommate in San Francisco told her bright and beautiful morning, much father, Don, was a retired Army lieutenant parents that the Sunday before the attacks, like today, and the evil that fueled colonel who gave his son his commission in the two went to a local park, where they their horrible deeds lives on in the 1985 and later taught military science at twirled hula hoops and played on the swings shadows of the world. The struggle be- Northern Michigan University. and slides—typical of Titus’ childlike zest fore us will be constant, and therefore HORSE ENTHUSIAST COORDINATED SHOW for life, her father said. our vigilance must be unflagging. Lisa Marie Terry, 42, of Oakland Township Titus, who was single, also is survived by So on this first anniversary of a new found time every summer, no matter how two brothers; a sister, and a nephew. era, let us continue to brace ourselves busy she was, to hold her Summer Sizzler RECENT GRADUATE HAD ENERGY, POTENTIAL to perpetuating what is good and just, Horse Show in Mt. Pleasant. Meredith Lynn Whalen, 23, who was origi- as we and our allies did in the 20th cen- It was not an easy task for Terry to put on nally from Canton Township, loved animals, a quarter horse event while working full tury’s great struggles against evil. And particularly horses. She always wanted to let us remember how that one day in time with Marsh Inc., a national construc- own a horse, said her mother, Pat Whalen of tion company with offices in Detroit and in Canton. September not only changed America the trade center’s north tower. But horses But Whalen valued friends most of all. Her and the world but also reminded us of were her passion. mother was comforted by her daughter’s what really matters, of the principles ‘‘She did it all by herself,’’ said Sarah friends after the Sept. 11 attacks. and the people we value and certainly Tupper of Metamora, Terry’s best friend and ‘‘Her friends have all described her as a should appreciate—our firefighters, po- fellow horse enthusiast. ‘‘She worked on it very energetic, caring person with a lot of lice officers, rescue workers, our all year, getting sponsorships, making it compassion for others,’’ Pat Whalen said. troops, and seemingly ordinary Ameri- nice for exhibitors. She made a huge effort to Whalen was just as energetic in high put stuff in the show people wanted.’’ school. She was a varsity swimmer and in cans who, when faced with the horrible Terry especially encouraged young exhibi- the National Honor Society at Plymouth certainty of their circumstances, tors, Tupper said. Salem High School, from which she grad- knowingly bring down a plane to save On Sept. 11, Terry, a vice president in uated in 1996. She earned a bachelor’s degree the lives of others, not to mention the charge of construction for the New York- in business administration with honors from very symbols of our democracy, the based Marsh, was going to Hawaii for a the U–M in Ann Arbor in 2000. Capitol and the White House. project. She stopped at the World Trade Cen- ‘‘Meredith was an outstanding graduate of On this solemn occasion, we cele- ter for a business meeting and was among our 2000 BBA program,’’ said White, the U–M brate those heroes who walk among us some 300 Marsh employees lost in the at- business professor and former interim presi- tacks, company officials said. dent. today, while the legacy of those who A couple of years before her death. Terry, White said David Alger, another U–M grad- made the ultimate sacrifice reverber- who was single, celebrated her rise to vice uate and World Trade Center victim, spotted ates throughout New York, Wash- president—a rare position for women in her Whalen as a young person with great poten- ington, Virginia, Pennsylvania, and September 11, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S8487 every town and city in this land. In- cate the roots of terrorism and the Zero, where we visited a week fol- deed, if it is true that a nation is de- bloody instruments of fear. lowing the attacks, is something I will fined by its response to adversity, then At Gettysburg, President Lincoln always remember. America redefined its own greatness. said: The visit to Ground Zero that many Men and women searching and clear- It is for us the living . . . to be dedicated in Congress conducted was a very sad ing the World Trade Center site worked here to the unfinished work which they who visit, showing the carnage and destruc- day and night, while volunteers fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. tion of the World Trade Center where brought them food and water. Their It is . . . for us to be here dedicated to the so many thousands died. The event I labor will stand as a memorial beside great task remaining before us. recall from that day, among many, was the hallowed site’s eternal flame near That is our call yet again today. a firefighter who came to me with a the hole in the Earth that mirrors the That is the destiny to which we must several-day growth of beard, blood-shot hole in our heart that will never fully rise. Now, like then, we are equal to eyes. He had worked around the clock mend. And just across the Potomac, the challenge. God bless America. for many days. He told me of the engineers and construction workers I yield the floor. friends he had lost, those who were his poured forth every last ounce to re- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- fellow firefighters who had died in the build the Pentagon within 1 year in a ator from North Dakota. tragedy. Here was a man who obviously gesture comprised of equal parts defi- Mr. DORGAN. Madam President, I had very little rest, had worked day ance and pride. At the building’s D- was not sure if I was going to come and and night. Through his blood-shot eyes ring, a father literally helped repair say a few words today. I am almost fa- and with a uniform that was quite the broken stone and mortar near the tigued by the coverage of 9/11, and yet dirty, having worked around the clock, very spot where his son perished that there is something so important about he looked at me and said: Senator, you fateful morning. this moment that silence somehow is must promise me to do one thing. What is lost can never be recovered, not an appropriate response. I asked: What is that? but with this first anniversary of Sep- The horror of the moment of Sep- He said: Get them. Get them. If you tember 11, it is as though life has re- tember 11 last year remains with us do not get them, they will do this to claimed its rightful place where de- even as we ache in our heart for those this country again. struction dared intrude. At the Pen- who lost their lives on that day. I He represented the feeling of all tagon there is a single blackened stone think all of us understand the target Americans. We must make certain that set within the new wall to symbolize was not buildings. It was not buildings terrorists are not able to do this again what cannot and must not ever be for- in New York or Washington, DC. The in our country. Our country is, in my gotten. We have witnessed an almost target was the spirit of our country. judgment, as united as ever, united to incomprehensible transformation from The target was democracy. The target battle terrorism wherever it exists in the blackened devastation we saw a was Americans and what Americans the world. We have come to understand year ago, just as America itself has represent. as a country that a battle against ter- been transformed. With the 1-year anniversary of that rorism is not quick. It is not easy. But An unparalleled sense of unity and event, it is important for our country it is something to which all America is compassion swept across America, again to take stock of where we are, committed. Every fanatic anywhere in proving once again that the true who we are, and what our citizenship the world who thinks terrorism is an strength of our Nation has always responsibilities are as Americans. acceptable means to an end needs to flowed from the fortitude of our people. One year ago, I left the Capitol Build- hear and know that America is united. As we lifted up the hearts of those ing late at night to drive home and My State is half a continent away grieving for loved ones, we moved to- drove past the Pentagon. It was still from Washington, DC, and New York ward a swift and just defense of our burning, with smoke billowing out of City where the attacks took place. Let freedom, and the President worked vig- the Pentagon that was then bathed in me speak for a moment about my rural orously and mightily to build an inter- floodlights. It was an eerie sight to see State, so distant from the urban areas national coalition. And while the war the fire at the Pentagon even late at where the attacks took place. on terror will unquestionably be long night and to hear and see the F–15 and First, tragically, we, too, experienced and dangerous, our heroic men and F–16 fighter planes flying combat mis- the loss of life. A young North Dako- women in uniform struck quickly and sions over our city and the Capitol that tan, Ann Nelson of Stanley, ND, died decisively at the heart of the Taliban. day and that evening. when the World Trade Center col- In February, I had the privilege of We went back to the Pentagon a few lapsed. I knew Ann and her family. She visiting our troops and meeting with days later, and we were, as Members of was a very special young woman. Her President Karzai as part of a congres- Congress, meeting with Pentagon offi- father has been a good friend of mine sional trip to Afghanistan. What left cials and viewing the damage. As we for many years. She had a bright fu- the most profound impression on me, were there, one young marine was ture ahead of her, and she was a joy to one I will never forget, was the un- hanging by a crane in a bucket up near all who knew her. Ann Nelson was a flinching commitment, the indefati- what had been the fourth floor of the young North Dakota woman seeking a gable resolve, and highest level of pro- Pentagon in what now was an open career, pursuing a job in the World fessionalism, not to mention bravery, wound and gash in that concrete build- Trade Center in New York City. She of our troops. ing. He had been hoisted up in the died because she was an American. She Indeed, much was revealed to us on bucket by a crane that was moving to- was one of thousands of innocent the morning of September 11, 2001: The ward this open gash. As we watched Americans who lost their lives because extent of the threat against us, the him, he reached around into this open of these heinous, unspeakable acts of image of the devil incarnate, but also area where this airplane hit and he horror committed by terrorists. the face of a resilient and passionate pulled out a flag he had spotted up in The day of the attack in Washington, and a united nation that would not an open area that had miraculously DC, I looked up in the sky to see fight- allow this travesty to stand. burned, and he brought this red and er jets flying overhead. I found out We have learned that we can con- gold flag, which was the Marine flag, a later that day they were pilots from tinue the process of healing, even brilliant red and gold color. He had the Fargo, ND, members of the Air Na- knowing we will never fully be healed. crane lower him to the ground. He tional Guard called the Happy Hooli- We have learned we can move forward, marched over to where we were, walked gans, some of the best fighter pilots in without moving away from the anger past us and said: I am going to give the world. Over the years, they have we justifiably feel. Indeed, if we are to this flag to the Marine Commandant. won three William Tell Awards which properly memorialize those whom we He said: Terrorists could not destroy is the award for the best fighter pilots. lost on that day and the days since, this flag, and they cannot destroy this They are stationed on a rotating basis then we must maintain a boundless re- country. at Langley Air Force Base. solve in perpetuity that is so essential I think the spirit of that young ma- Part of their mission is to protect to keeping America secure and eradi- rine and the spirit of people at Ground the Nation’s Capital. They were the S8488 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 11, 2002 first scrambled and the first in the air rest of the world. It can have a pro- The burden cast upon our great Nation and the first over the Nation’s Capital found impact on the lives of those who was one we neither asked for nor de- on that very day, 9/11. We are so proud cherish freedom. served, but we carry it on our shoulders of them. They are the ones we saw in I say to the young men and women I consoled by the memories of those who the air almost immediately after these met in Kabul and Baghram and else- went before us who sacrificed in the attacks. where, thanks for your service to name of freedom. Their mission, I told them, reminds America. Thanks for helping us wage I yield the remainder of my time. me of something I read some long while the fight against terrorism, a fight this The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ago. I don’t know where it comes from, country is determined and destined to ator from Pennsylvania. a verse that said: When the night is full win. Mr. SPECTER. In the absence of any- of knives, and the lightning is seen, I yield the floor. body else on the floor seeking recogni- and the drums are heard, the patriots The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- tion, I ask consent that I be permitted are always there, ready to fight and ator from Alabama. to speak for 5 minutes. ready to die, if necessary, for freedom. Mr. SHELBY. Madam President, one The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without A lot of patriots last September 11 year ago, America awoke to a tragic objection, it is so ordered. said: I’m here and I’m ready to fight and devastating incarnation of hatred Mr. SPECTER. Madam President, for freedom. and evil. Incomprehensible to most Senator SANTORUM, Senator ENSIGN, In the weeks and months that fol- citizens only a day before, the terrorist and I have just returned from memo- lowed the attacks of September 11, our attacks of September 11 dramatically rial services in Shanksville, PA, com- country has come together like never changed our people, our country, and memorating the downing of Flight 93. before. We understand that we face a the entire world. It was truly an inspirational and emo- very special and unusual challenge. We Insulated for over 50 years from for- tional occurrence. The families of the are a big, wide open, free democracy. It eign attacks on our soil, Americans in victims of flight 93, the crew and pas- is very hard to provide absolute secu- an instant grasped the magnitude of sengers, were seated front and center, rity in every way, every day all around the threat we face from terrorism. In and then a large crowd was assembled, our country. We do not want any of us the days after the attacks, the dan- estimated in advance to be in the range to diminish the basic freedoms that gerous world in which we live never of 20,000 to 30,000 people. represent America, the basic freedoms seemed more precarious. Gov. Mark Schweiker, Governor of in our Constitution. We do not want to The immediate aftermath brought a Pennsylvania, spoke, as did former diminish those freedoms in order to tremendous outpouring of grief and Gov. Tom Ridge, now the Homeland Se- fight terrorism. We want to fight ter- sorrow. curity Director. There was not a dry rorism and eradicate terrorism wher- Our Nation mourned as the realities eye in the entire assemblage. The mes- ever it exists. We want to preserve that of the events of September 11 pene- sage delivered by Governor Schweiker which makes America unique, the most trated our collective psyche. Candles and Governor Ridge was a moment of wonderful country on the face of the were lit in remembrance and flags were remembrance, a moment of commemo- Earth. flown in patriotic displays of unity. ration, and a moment of hope for the A year ago when I spoke in this Stories of bravery and courage emerged future, with a determination that a Chamber about the events of Sep- in the wake of the attacks which united America will repel terrorists tember 11, I recalled the words that helped to inspire and remind us of all wherever terrorists exist and that the Shakespeare wrote: Grief hath changed that is great about the American spir- struggle for freedom will be main- me since you saw me last. it. tained and will be won. It continues to change us as we go This foundation of strength which Governor Schweiker went to the forward carrying the heavy burden was built in the days after the attacks Shanksville Elementary School in ad- that grief imposes. But part of that prepared us for the challenges ahead, vance of the ceremony and brought to change is much more than grief. Part and helped harden our national resolve the assemblage, especially the families of it is a steely resolve to respond to deliver our enemies to justice. of victims of flight 93, this message forcefully and strongly and with preci- We live in a far different world than from the Shanksville Elementary sion to those who carried out the at- the one we occupied just 12 months School: tacks 1 year ago. Our resolve in this ago. If God brought you to it, God will bring year, in my judgment, has grown even With a clear sense of purpose our you through it. stronger. country has engaged the war on ter- That brought quite a response. This will be a day that Americans rorism on every conceivable front. The Churchill was quoted, I think, so ap- will think about for many decades to vision outlined by President Bush in propriately: come, the September 11 anniversary of his September 20 address to the nation Never was so much owed by so many to so 2001. My hope is we rededicate our- has been undertaken with extraor- few. selves today to the mission ahead and dinary success. We have been vigilant I think that is especially applicable the challenge ahead to preserve our de- in our fight to hunt down those respon- to the Members of the Senate and the mocracy. My hope is that today we sible for the attacks, as well as those Members of the House of Representa- also pay honor to the memory of those who might do us harm in the future. tives because flight 93 was headed to innocent Americans who lost their We have fortified our defenses and reor- the U.S. Capitol. That had long been lives, and then say thank you to all of ganized our government. Americans ev- the speculation, and it was confirmed 2 the heroes who, on September 11, ex- erywhere are more aware of their sur- days ago in an article in the New York tended forward and said: Let it be me roundings and remain defiant of those Times, quoting members of al-Qaida. to reach out and help. And especially wishing to do us harm. We as a nation Ms. Sandy Dahl, wife of pilot Jason we say thank you to the men and have grown stronger and more united Dahl, made an emotional speech and women of the Armed Forces who serve than ever. later came down and sat right next to in harm’s way all across the world. We have been blessed with enormous where I was sitting and was holding her Finally, months after September 11, I freedoms and prosperity in this coun- infant daughter, Michaela, who will be was in Afghanistan, Baghram, Kabul, try. Over the course of our history, 2 at the end of September. It was quite and that region of the world. As you fly many Americans have made the ulti- a poignant picture of the widow, griev- into Afghanistan and look down mate sacrifice by giving their lives to ing for what happened a year ago through an airplane window to the protect our freedoms. Although we today, but holding her child and look- hills and the mountains and under- have enjoyed many years of peace, the ing forward to the future. The child stand that somewhere in caves deep in events of September 11 showed us that was smiling, and so was Mrs. Dahl, the mountains there were people plot- this fight is far from over. looking at her infant daughter. ting the murder of innocent Ameri- We must continue to build on the It is my hope that the Congress will cans, you understand we cannot ever be successes of the past year, and never yet act on legislation which has been oblivious to what is happening in the become complacent with our victories. introduced to grant Congressional Gold September 11, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S8489 Medals to the 40 who were crew and There being no objection, the mate- 10:06 AM—‘‘TOLL THE BELLS’’ passengers of flight 93. As I moved rial was ordered to be printed in the Br. David W. Schlatter, O.F.M., Bells of Re- through the assembled ladies and gen- RECORD, as follows: membrance toll forty times as names of tlemen who were families of the vic- ‘‘A TIME FOR HONOR AND HOPE’’—ONE YEAR passengers and crew are read. Presen- tims and spoke to them and heard of ANNIVERSARY MEMORIAL SERVICE, WEDNES- tation of Names: Mr. Tony Mowod their grief, the common thread was: DAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002 INTRODUCTION OF GOVERNOR MARK SCHWEIKER Please move ahead. Thank you for the The County of Somerset wishes to express REMARKS legislation—thanking the Congress for heartfelt thanks to all who have come for- Governor Mark Schweiker ward to assist, contribute and participate in the legislation authorizing the creation INTRODUCTION OF KEYNOTE SPEAKER of a memorial at Shanksville, a na- the One Year Anniversary Memorial Service. We would also like to extend a special thank Governor Tom Ridge, Homeland Security tional memorial site, but also asking you to these sponsors: Advisor that our legislation for the Congres- DIAMOND LEVEL REMARKS sional Gold Medals be completed. United Airlines Corporation Governor Tom Ridge, Homeland Security The family of Georgine Rose Deitrick & Associates Interiors, Inc. Advisor Corrigan presented me with this photo UNDERWRITER LEVEL TWENTY-ONE GUN SALUTE and the ribbons, red, white, and blue. Marines of the 4th Marine Aircraft Wing, These photos were worn by so many— Davis Bus Lines/STA Fedex Ground Site Support Element, Johnstown, PA virtually all of the families of the vic- Meyer Sound Labs ECHO TAPS tims who were in attendance. Northern Sound & Light, Inc. 2d Marine Aircraft Wing Band, 2d Marine Yesterday, I spoke on the floor of the GOLD LEVEL Aircraft Wing, Cherry Point, NC Senate and said that sometime before BMW of North America MUSICAL SELECTION dusk today I would ask unanimous con- Under the Sun Productions, Inc. sent for the consideration of the bill S. ‘‘God Bless America’’—2d Marine Aircraft SILVER LEVEL Wing Band, 2d Marine Aircraft Wing, 1434, which has 69 cosponsors, which Benack Sound Productions, Inc. Cherry Point, NC and public would grant the Congressional Gold Hershey Foods AIR FORCE FLYOVER WITH MISSING MAN Medal posthumously to the victims of Thoratec FORMATION flight 93. This bill should have been Daily American Newspaper AT–38’s, 80th Flying Training Wing moved a long time ago. I have taken it Merrill Lynch-Southwestern Pennsylvania (80FTGW), 88th Flying Training Squad- up with the appropriate Senators to Offices ron (88FTS) Sheppard AFB, Texas get it moved, and it has not moved be- BRONZE LEVEL HEROES MEMORIAL RELEASE cause of the interest of some in expand- Aurora Casket Company Release of forty white birds representing the Community Foundation for the Alleghenies ing it to cover other victims—the fire- fallen heroes of flight 93 fighters, the police, and others. Don & Becky Kelley ‘‘GOD BLESS AMERICA’’ I certainly think it would be appro- Ohio Gratings priate to grant recognition to all of Seven Springs Mountain Resort Ms. Jeanne Wentworth, Leading assembled Staley Communications public and Johnstown Symphony Orches- those people. However, I think the vic- tra tims of flight 93 are in a special cat- PEWTER LEVEL FORMAL RETIREMENT OF THE COLORS egory because they saved the Capitol. Mississippi Association of Supervisors In order to avoid the complications Somerset Trust Company Honor Guard 2d Marine Aircraft Wing, Cher- Pennsylvania Funeral Directors Association ry Point, NC of having a bill discharged from com- Kendall, Inc. DEPARTURE OF FLIGHT 93 FAMILIES mittee, I have consulted with the Par- Roth Brothers DEPARTURE OF DIGNITARIES liamentarian as to the procedures for Color ID having a bill held at the desk. Baw Plastics, Inc. PUBLIC DEPARTURE f HEARTFELT SUPPORT LEVEL f MEASURE READ THE FIRST Ironworkers Local Union #46 IN REMEMBRANCE OF SEPTEMBER TIME—S. 1434 Radio Shack Corporation 11, 2001 Rockwood Area School Mr. SPECTER. At this time, I submit The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- on behalf of myself and 69 cosponsors a ONE YEAR ANNIVERSARY MEMORIAL SERVICE— ator from South Dakota. bill to authorize the President to 9:30 AM Mr. JOHNSON. Madam President, I award posthumously the Congressional MUSICAL SELECTIONS rise today to commemorate the vicious Gold Medal to the passengers and crew Johnstown Symphony Orchestra and the 2d terrorist attacks that occurred on our of United Airlines Flight 93 in the Marine Aircraft Wings Band, 2d Marine Nation a year ago today, September 11, aftermath of the terrorist attack on Aircraft Wing, Cherry Point, NC 2001. the United States on September 11, ‘‘OLD GLORY’’ FLAG PRESENTATION Over the past few days, in large cities 2001. 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault), Fort and small towns, in New York and the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill Campbell, KY Pentagon today, in my home State of will be read for the first time. Remarks by Mr. Dave Pawlewicz, Century South Dakota, people have gathered to The assistant legislative clerk read Link America remember and to reflect upon what as follows: PRESENTATION OF THE COLORS happened this last year. U.S. Marine Corp Honor Guard, 2d Marine A bill (S. 1434) to authorize the President In many ways it still does not seem Aircraft Wing, Cherry Point, NC to award the Congressional Gold Medal to possible that a year has passed since the passengers and crew of United Airlines PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE the attacks of September 11, 2001. It flight 93 in the aftermath of the terrorist at- Miss Priscilla Gordeuk and Mr. Elwood seems too soon to look back and reflect tack on the United States on September 11, Brant, Top Honor Senior Students, on the meaning of September 11 be- 2001. Shanksville-Stonycreek School District cause the events of that day still echo Mr. SPECTER. Madam President, for NATIONAL ANTHEM in our daily lives. The wound is still purposes of completing the procedure, I Ms. Jeanne Wentworth too fresh, the loss too great. Every intend to object after asking the bill be FLYOVER American will remember exactly where read the second time. C–130’s—911th Airlift Wing, Pittsburgh Inter- they were when they realized that our The PRESIDING OFFICER. Objec- national Airport Air Reserve Station Nation was under attack. The images tion has been heard. REMARKS of that day will be with us forever: The Mr. SPECTER. Madam President, I Sandy Dahl, Wife of Flight 93 Pilot, Jason burning buildings, the endless tele- ask unanimous consent that at the Dahl vision footage of airplanes crashing conclusion of my remarks the program ‘‘ONE MINUTE OF SILENCE FOR WORLDWIDE into the Twin Towers, the images of for the commemorative ceremony in PEACE’’ New York covered in rubble. Shanksville be printed in the CONGRES- Murial Borza, Sister of Flight 93 Passenger, I will always remember the smoke of SIONAL RECORD, and I yield the floor. Deora Bodley the Pentagon as it appeared through a S8490 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 11, 2002 too-perfect blue sky here in Wash- ever made. Through gestures large and and with the country as I look back on ington DC. But other thoughts—can- small, South Dakotans united with it after a year’s time. I think it reflects dlelight vigils, American flags their neighbors and worked to bring better than anything I could create adorning buildings, fences, and barns, something positive from all of the ter- now not only my feelings at the time the heroism of the passengers of Amer- rible destruction. but my concern for where we should be ican flight 93, and the lasting bravery A lot has changed in our country, and and what we should be doing. of firefighters and other first respond- in our world, since September 11. Our I read the letter dated September 22, ers—will also remain in our hearts as Nation has learned, to our vast sorrow, 2001: constant reminders of that day in Sep- that we were not as untouchable as we I have your letter, dear friend, and am tember. had believed ourselves to be. Our coun- moved to reply in depth using you as my au- Across the Nation and around the try is involved in a war against terror dience as I make an attempt to speak to all world, people came together to do what that has taken our courageous military the issues I see. they could for the victims and their men and women, including my son I start with the President’s address to the families. I was proud, but not at all Brooks, to Afghanistan as well as other Congress last Thursday. It has been called historic, one of the greatest Presidential ad- surprised, when South Dakotans over- far-off corners of the world. Our mili- whelmingly responded with offers of dresses ever given. It certainly had that tary effort in Afghanistan has helped character and, listening to it in a packed blood and other assistance. Millions of to free people who were oppressed by a chamber more hushed than I can ever re- dollars were donated by South Dako- dictatorial regime that, in addition to member, I was struck by the power, elo- tans to relief organizations, and thou- the atrocities that the government in- quence and directness of his words. From a sands of hours of time were volun- flicted upon its own people, harbored a distance of a day or two, however, as I ana- teered in efforts to aid survivors and terrorist group representing the worst lyze it and discuss it with my colleagues, I the family members of victims. Em- humanity can become. realize that the speech was more than mov- ployees at Luverne Fire Apparatus in Here on the home front, things have ing rhetoric. For the first time since the end of the Cold War, a U.S. President has laid Brandon put in 2,000 hours of their own changed as well. Barricades have been time to build a fire truck that was do- out a clear statement of what the world is erected around national monuments, now like and what the U.S. role must be in nated to New York City. Red Cross vol- the Capitol, and the White House. that world. unteers from Rapid City assisted in re- Lines are longer and security more The fact that this has not been done before covery efforts at the Pentagon. Farm- thorough at airports. Despite the is less a knock on previous Presidents than ers and ranchers throughout the state longer lines and tighter security, our a realization that, until September 11, Amer- sold cattle and grain at auctions and Nation still moves and functions much icans in general were probably not yet free of livestock drives and donated that as it has for the last 225 years. We re- all our Cold War illusions. We are the world’s only remaining superpower, we told our- money to relief efforts. In one extraor- main a beacon of democracy and jus- dinary example, Don and Adeline Hight selves. We are a just compassionate nation, tice for much of the world, and I work we said. Ergo, we reasoned, it follows that, of Murdo sold 100 calves and donated very hard as a Senator to make certain under our vigorous stewardship, the world the proceeds, about $40,000, to help vic- that new regulations, however nec- itself will become a just and compassionate tims of the terrorist attacks. In Brown essary they may be in our post-Sep- place, albeit little by little. County, the Rural American Patriot tember 11 world, do not infringe upon With Hitler and Stalin and Mao all dead, Fund used the money they collected the basic rights of our citizens that we we thought, with the Soviet Union gone, from fellow farmers and ranchers to seek to secure. evil—true malevolence—has gone from the buy thousands of dollars in Patriot So as we take this day to reflect world stage. It only pops up here and there in Bonds. The idea of Patriot Bonds began the form of an isolated Serb or Somali upon the many lives lost last year, we warload. with a call from a South Dakotan to are to reflect on the courage and her- No more. my office, and were approved by the oism of those who did so much to save Now we know that evil is alive and thriv- Treasury Department last December. lives and defend our liberty today. We ing, still threatening the peace everywhere Patriot Bonds, similar to World War II take comfort that the terrorists’ goals in the world. Irrational hatred has not dis- war bonds, allow Americans to support were not realized—that there were at- appeared. The same mindset of fanaticism the relief and recovery efforts at the tacks on buildings, but there were also that built gas chambers 60 years ago is now World Trade Center and the Pentagon attacks on everything America stands hijacking airplanes and flying them into buildings, overseeing the preparation of and to help fund the war on terrorism. for—on individual liberty, on religious South Dakotans also helped to ease chemical and biological weapons of mass de- tolerance, on democracy, on free struction. As the President made so starkly the emotional strain that the attack speech, and all the rights of our Con- clear, the world’s new enemies hate freedom had on survivors and the victims’ fami- stitution. These forces of hate, these as much as Hitler did, and are prepared to lies. Police officers specializing in forces of intolerance tried to destroy kill millions as much as Stalin did. Evil has stress management from Mitchell and the very things that make this Nation not gone away; it has simply changed its po- Yankton went to New York to help the strong. Buildings are being repaired litical language and its physical address. police officers there deal with the emo- but, more importantly, the light of de- Our Cold War mentality told us that the trouble in the Middle East was about Israel, tional aftermath of the terrorist at- mocracy that holds this Nation to- tacks. Lance Fillspipe, Junior about power politics between established na- gether and our fundamental values tion states, about borders and economics and Rodriguez, and eight other police offi- burn just as brightly as it ever has. markets. I readily agree that Israel has real cers from Pine Ridge Indian Reserva- The United States took a hit, but we problems with her neighbors, and they with tion traveled to New York to help the have responded aggressively, and her, but this is not about those problems. It police there handle security. Bonnie America will remain a beacon of lib- is not about Israel. It is about defending the Riggenbach and Bob Holmes of Rapid erty and freedom for the world forever helpless against evil. City, both therapists, traveled to New after. President Bush told us that America is York to do what they could to help I yield the floor. feeding the poor in Afghanistan. I didn’t people mend their lives. The Disaster know that before. Since his speech I have The PRESIDING OFFICER (Ms. been in briefings from those familiar with Mental Health Institute at the Univer- CANTWELL). The Senator from Utah. the region who tell us that the Taliban uses sity of South Dakota went to New Mr. BENNETT. Madam President, as food as a weapon, denying it to those that York City in the wake of the Sep- I contemplated what I might say here oppose them. They say they hate us for our tember 11 attacks and played a key today, I went back in my computer and support of Israel, but they also hate us be- role in helping the recovery process. pulled up a letter I wrote on September cause we are trying to feed the starving in Students at Mount Marty College put 22, 2001, in response to a friend of mine their own country, and thus undermine their together a banner signed by members who corresponded with me in that dif- effort to starve everyone into submission. of the community with words of sym- ficult time. He is a history professor. I They hate us because we profane their world with our notions of freedom—we ‘‘pol- pathy and support for the city of New have known him since high school. And lute the holy places’’ with business people York. That banner is being considered I sat down at my computer and simply and diplomats who let women drive and ap- by the Guinness Book of World Records let things flow out. I have now decided pear in public with bare faces. They hate us as being the largest handmade banner to share that letter with the Senate because we take the youth of all countries, September 11, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S8491 including theirs, into our universities and ing less than they were in 1941 and through losses that were suffered on September teach them about science and economics and the Cold War years, for us and for all the rest 11. Silence, somehow, speaks more democracy, as well as about blue jeans and of those who want to live in freedom. loudly to the horror and the com- movies and freedom to travel and open de- Madam President, reading that a bate. President Bush said it better than I plicated feelings that we all had on year later, I still feel the same way. that day. Nevertheless, we must speak, can, and it was necessary for him to lay all The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- that out if the Country is to ‘‘get’’ what we to reflect on what happened that day, are facing. ator from Connecticut. in the year that has passed, and to try The President spoke of the diplomatic Mr. LIEBERMAN. Madam President, to learn from that day and chart our front in this war, of our need for part- I ask unanimous consent that I be rec- way forward. ners.... He reported good progress there, ognized to speak for up to 10 minutes Madam President, our enemies hoped citing Pakistan as an example. In the same in this slot previously reserved for the that September 11, 2001, would be the briefings that told us about food shipments Senator from Illinois and that Senator to Afghanistan I learned that the current first page of a new chapter in world DURBIN be recognized to speak in the leaders of Pakistan really don’t have much history: The end of the American cen- of a choice in this fight because they are a next Democratic slot. tury; the end of America as we know it; target themselves. They hardly qualify as The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without the beginning of a civilizational con- democrats by our definition, but the radicals objection, it is so ordered. flict, based on theological differences, still hate them for even their tenuous ties to Mr. LIEBERMAN. I thank the Chair. taken to an inhumane extreme, which us. By some estimates, the radicals are close Madam President, it is truly an to bringing the government down and turn- would end in the victory of radical ex- honor to have the opportunity to come treme Islam. ing Pakistan into another Afghanistan. The and speak on the floor of the Senate same is true, in terms of the radical’s end As a distinguished Muslim citizen of goal, in Egypt, Jordan, Saudi Arabia and today. This is one of those days when Connecticut said yesterday at a public elsewhere. the Senate Chamber is really the peo- ceremony, al-Qaida hijacked his reli- The leaders of those countries know they ple’s forum, when the partisan or ideo- gion. are at risk, and have been for some time. logical or regional or whatever dif- In this the terrorists betrayed their Sadat was murdered because he was willing ferences that sometimes separate us in ignorance, not just about Islam but to go to Jerusalem and say, ‘‘No more war.’’ votes fall aside and we stand here be- about America; not just about the Those leaders need our help and are willing fore the Chair, under the slogan that to help us in return because, long term, they American people but American democ- know that the only nation with the capacity describes us—‘‘E pluribus unum,’’ ‘‘Out racy and its values. to lead a world wide campaign to eliminate of many, one’’—and truly represent the I wish to speak for a moment about this evil is ours. The success we are having common and shared values, hopes, and this conflict that September 11 has put in building a coalition of partners in the first aspirations of our people. us into and the differences between us days of this conflict is one of the most en- I am proud of what my colleagues and our enemies, which is what this is couraging signs that things are, for the mo- have said thus far in this discussion ment, going somewhat well. all about. This is not a simple struggle You are a historian; you know that the and very grateful to be a part of it. for power. This is a global conflict for Second World War didn’t begin on December In New York City today, they are values, for ideals. We are idealists. We 7th. Neither did this one begin on September reading the names of the victims, the and our many allies around the world, 11th. As was the case with Europeans in the names of 3,000 of God’s children, mag- including so many millions in the Mus- 30’s, Americans have been in Foreign Policy nificent in their characteristic Amer- lim world, believe in the inalienable denial in the 90’s. Thrilled with the demise of ican diversity, whose lives were sav- and inviolable rights of every indi- our four-decade Soviet enemy, we read arti- agely taken on September 11 of last vidual. Our enemies are craven cynics cles about the ‘‘end of history’’ and ignored year simply because they were Amer- the signs that were there to be seen. Now we who desire raw power for themselves have to go back and examine those signs . . . ican. None of us here can say anything and seek to crush those who look or We must realize that we are truly at war, as powerful or profound as the recita- act or think differently. They claim to and, as was the case in 1941, really have been tion of those names today. be religious, but how can they be reli- for some time. The embassy bombings, the The Pentagon, the World Trade Cen- gious and faithful in any way in which attack on the U.S.S. Cole, the intelligence ter, and that field outside Shanksville, any of the world’s religions understand warnings—all these should have told us that PA, will forever be hallowed battle- this is a war and not, as some of the com- it, if they are prepared to kill thou- mentators have described it, a law enforce- grounds, places where we will take our sands of God’s children allegedly in the ment problem. What’s the difference? . . . children to stand silently and con- name of God? In a war you focus on prevention of attack, template their meaning, places of wor- We are different. We are optimists. not punishment. You . . . go after the en- ship, really, where we will revere the We grant people liberty, not as the gift emy’s assets to destroy them before they can lives lost and honor their place in our of politicians but as our Declaration of be used to destroy you, gather the best intel- history. Independence says: As the endowment ligence you can and then play hunches and This morning, as I left the very mov- of our Creator. We have confidence probabilities. You don’t give out Miranda ing and unifying commemorative re- warnings. that a society governed by its people Please accept my assurance that our lead- dedication service at the Pentagon, I will progress, and that is why we seek ers know how different and difficult this war came across a family, and I said hello to open the world and broaden the com- will be. They know that we have to have and shook their hands, and I realized munity of nations living under democ- partners, and that many of these partners these were survivors of a man killed in racy, as we have so magnificently since have internal problems that will prevent the Pentagon on September 11 of last the fall of the Berlin Wall. them from being the kind of ‘‘allies’’ on year: A young boy about 10 or 12 years which we could traditionally count.... The Our enemies are not just pessimists; team that President Bush has assembled is old, full of innocence and youth, a they are fatalists. They fear the voices experienced, intellectually nuanced in its great looking kid, carrying an Amer- of the people. They want to bring down understanding, and deep. Down below the ican flag in a case—I presume the flag a theological iron curtain to divide the level of Cheney, Powell, Rumsfeld and Rice that was either placed over his father’s world into acceptable and unacceptable is a significant bench of very solid players coffin or given to him in memory of his people and nations and faiths, to those who understand what we are up against.... father—a woman, who was the wife of worthy of living and those targeted for So there we are. It has fallen our lot . . . the deceased and his parents—strong to be the leader of the free world in a strug- death and domination. gle that is global and against an enemy that American stock—a man wearing the Third, we are skeptics in a very is fanatic, decentralized, persistent, com- cap of a veteran, tears under his eyes. healthy way. We question one another pletely fearless and very, very patient .... And there it was: A son without a fa- and ourselves. We are proud of who we bin Laden and his fellow fanatics have de- ther, a woman without her husband, are but not so proud that we pretend to cided that they can defeat [us] . . . by keep- parents without their child. I was be without fault. Our enemies proceed ing intact their capacity to visit horror on speechless. There was nothing I could with a chilling sense of certainty and us at unexpected times. We will not have say except to shake their hands and won until that capacity is destroyed. This an unwillingness to look at themselves will be a very long, tricky and difficult fight. put my hands over my heart. in the mirror. But, as the President said, we will win it. In some ways, silence is a more ap- It is those values that have guided us And it will be worth it. The stakes are noth- propriate response to the dreadful through our history and distinguish us S8492 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 11, 2002 now from our enemies. The men and we are taking today to destroy al- recognize the fear and the strength and women of our military performed bril- Qaida? the courage they exhibited on that par- liantly in unfamiliar territory against In her foreword to ‘‘At Home In The ticular day. an unprecedented foe. Our police offi- World,’’ a collection of Daniel Pearl’s I have been particularly taken now, cers, firefighters, and other first re- writings in the Wall Street Journal, his reading stories of the heroes of 9/11 and sponders have had reason to despair, widow Mariane Pearl wrote: the miracles that happened on that but they have risen to the immense The terrorists who killed Danny stood at day—stories that we are all familiar challenge and reminded us of what her- the other extreme of what Danny represents. with now—Todd Beamer and ‘‘let’s oism they display every day. Every day They could only wield their knife and cow- roll,’’ and the flight that went into the Americans in our communities have ardice against Danny’s intellectual courage field in Pennsylvania, which was the and bold spirit. Danny died holding only a very flight headed for this building. It had reason to lose faith and to turn pen. They stole his life but were unable to from hope to fear, but they have not seize his soul. By killing Danny, terrorists probably would have reached its target faltered. They have come together, took my life as well but could not lay claim had they not been heroes on that day. finding our strength, not losing our op- to my spirit. We will never let them win. Would this place even be here now? It timism and our courage. So, too, the terrorists may have may have been rebuilt, but would we be Here in Congress, though we still killed 3,000 innocent Americans on Sep- back here yet? How many lives would have work to do, we have faced the new tember 11 of last year, but they will have been lost here? reality of the post-September 11 world. never lay claim to America’s living I read last Friday in USA Today We have asked tough questions of our- spirit. We will never let them win. about miracles of 9/11. Some police offi- selves. We have supported our Presi- I yield the floor. cers, one a rookie, went into the south dent as Commander in Chief. We have The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- tower; they were buried in 20 feet of realized that we have not been as pre- ator from Kansas. rubble. Three of them were together. pared as we should have been on Sep- Mr. BROWNBACK. Madam President, The first was killed in the first crush- tember 11 last year, and we are taking I rise to speak about the events of 1 ing, but two survived and they were steps to close our vulnerabilities. year ago. I am delighted to follow my able to crawl around. The second tower As we do, we must remember that colleague, Senator LIEBERMAN of Con- came down and they were pinned un- September 11 was not just a tragedy necticut, with whom I have worked and derneath the rubble and stayed there that happened. It was not just a nat- will continue to do so. I add my name almost 24 hours. They could see a light ural disaster. It was an unnatural dis- to his comments. about 20 feet up, and they knew there aster, carried out as an intentional act Today we are gathered to remember was a possibility they would get out. by people who were evil. those who lost their lives on September As they faded in and out of conscious- That is why, as Charles 11, to honor those who sacrificed every- ness during the night, one of them had Krauthammer wrote in the Washington thing for the concept of and belief in a vision, it said in USA Today. The vi- sion he saw was Jesus coming toward Post a while ago, we must understand freedom. That day and every day since him, bringing him a bottle of water. It this anniversary as more than a day of then are stark and simple reminders gave him strength. He wasn’t fearful of mourning and solemn remembrance. It that freedom is not free and that it is never secure. death. He was able to reach out with must be not just a day of commemora- This is something the people of my strength and yell for help. They were tion but a day of rededication. Charles home State of Kansas have long under- eventually found by a marine and were Krauthammer wrote: stood. Our very motto is ‘‘ad astra per dug out from the rubble. That is one of We would pay such homage had the World aspera’’—‘‘To the stars through dif- the miracles of 9/11. Trade Center and the Pentagon collapsed in ficulties.’’ We have lived this every I think of the heroes that were going an earthquake. They did not. And because they did not, more is required than mere day, every year since before we were a up the tower, instead of coming down, homage and respect. Not just sorrow, but re- State. on 9/11. It was an amazing day, a tragic newed anger. Not just consolation, but re- It is also a theme our entire Nation day, one we should not and we won’t newed determination. . . . embraces today. We were not bowed by forget. We will build beautiful memorials to last September’s attack. In fact, we Also, sometimes it is easy to think those killed on September 11, but there arose from the ashes stronger and more that perhaps life does not change that are other memorials that we here in resilient than ever. much when actually life has irrev- ‘‘The greatest victories come when Congress can and must build: a Depart- ocably changed. It is not that life people dare to be great,’’ Ronald ment of Homeland Security that does doesn’t go on; it certainly does. We Reagan said, ‘‘when they summon their everything humanly possible to pre- must never forget. spirits to brave the unknown and go As author Elie Wiesel said in his vent anything such as September 11 forward together to reach a greater Nobel lecture: from recurring, and it need not recur. good.’’ For me, hope without memory is like We must support and encourage our In the days immediately following memory without hope. Just as a man cannot military to search out and destroy or that fateful day, we summoned our live without dreams, he cannot live without capture al-Qaida wherever they exist. spirits and went forward together. We hope. If dreams reflect the past, hope sum- We must reach out to the Muslim dared to be great. mons the future. Does this mean that our fu- world, the great majority who are not As you look at the memorials, and as ture can be built on a rejection of the past? Surely, such a choice is not necessary. The fanatics or extremists, who suffer from you listen to the speeches of remem- a lack of freedom and a lack of mate- two are incompatible. The opposite of the brance, think of the sacrifice of all past is not the future, but the absence of the rial resources and hope, and offer them those involved, and of the lives cut future; the opposite of the future is not the the support and the freedom that they short, the promises broken, the happi- past, but the absence of the past. The loss of desire and that is ultimately the best ness destroyed. It is all too easy to one is equivalent to the sacrifice of the defense against the evil terrorism of cloak these sacrifices in mere plati- other. the minority in the Islamic world that tudes. We must remember exactly what We must not forget our past or the al-Qaida represents. it means to sacrifice and what exactly attacks or the outpouring of generosity As we approach the great debate in was sacrificed. and patriotism and simple kindnesses this Chamber on the questions around These were not nameless, faceless in the days following the attacks. All Saddam Hussein and Iraq, we must re- people who just simply acted out some of this must continue. We cannot re- member the lessons of September 11. role. These were sons, daughters, hus- turn to the safety of our homes and As we look back, having heard the bands, wives, brothers, sisters, moth- pretend the storms buffeting the lives warnings of Osama bin Laden, having ers, and fathers. They were scared men of people hundreds and thousands of experienced the attack against the and women who had thrust upon them miles away does not affect us. World Trade Center in 1993, against the the part of hero, and they lived up to September 11 was a wake-up call that two embassies in Africa, against the the billing. we cannot and will not forget. It has U.S.S. Cole, as we look back, don’t we It is also too easy to just call them changed us. It has changed us in sub- wish we had taken the kind of action heroes and walk away. It is not easy to stantial ways that we can see and feel, September 11, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S8493 and in ways that I don’t think we have grieve for the victims. We mourn those I also remember another incident in wrestled with yet. who died. the middle of December. I flew into One simple thing: ‘‘God Bless Amer- But we also stand in praise of those O’Hare, and I went down to get in the ica’’ has become a national song—not heroes of September 11. Each one of us line for a taxicab. I drew a taxicab, and the National Anthem but the national carries certain images in our minds of the driver was wearing a black turban song. We gathered again today as Mem- where we were when we heard it, what and a beard. As we started to move bers of the Congress on the steps and we did. For most of us, the first calls along, I said: Excuse me, sir, would you sang it as we did on September 11. I were to our families, and maybe it was happen to be a member of the Sikh re- hope we can officially continue to do indeed proper that we would turn to ligion? that. Even though it was unofficial those we love the most to make certain He said: Yes, I am. today, I hope our national song will be- they were safe. I remember I had been visited by come official. I still remember images of that day, Muslims, Sikhs, and others worried We are a nation founded by men and and the days following, just as real as about people who would discriminate women who are willing to stake their the moment when I experienced it. One against them, and I knew a little bit lives upon the conviction of universal was a photograph from the New York about some of the terrible things that rights and freedoms; that this was larg- Times, which showed a New York fire- happened to them—they were isolated, er than their own lives and small roles fighter racing up the stairs, as you saw but that did happen. that they felt they would play; that a long line of people racing down the I said to the taxicab driver: How have their actions were just a shot across stairs of the World Trade Center. A things been for you over the last sev- history’s bow on behalf of all people young, handsome face—probably a man eral months, wearing your turban, try- who both desired to be free and hon- with a family himself, thrusting him- ing to be a regular taxicab driver? ored the sense of duty that liberty en- self into the jaws of that disaster in He said: Most people couldn’t be gendered. the hope that he could save someone’s nicer. There were bad ones, too. Some On September 11 we saw a number of life. cussed me out; some wouldn’t get in people step forward to recognize and Many like him—firefighters, police- my cab. They think I am a terrorist, fight for those universal rights and men, first responders, medics, and oth- too. freedoms, each of us in our own way in ers—gave their lives on September 11. He said most people could not be our own actions. Today, we still have a They got up that morning and put nicer. He said: I have been in the torch to carry—for all those who died their badges and uniforms on and prob- United States for 33 years. I wish they on September 11, all those who have ably never thought twice about wheth- would get in my cab because I would died in the war against terrorism, and er they would return to their families. like to show them something. all peoples across the world who desire Sadly, many never did. They are truly I said: What is that? freedom. American heroes. He reached over and pulled down the These may seem to be the worst of I can recall a few weeks later being visor, and there was a photograph of a times, but we are resilient and, most out on Lake Michigan, near Chicago, in young man in a U.S. Army uniform. importantly, we are a hopeful people a Coast Guard vessel with the young He said: I want to show them a pic- and we will prevail. There is a Biblical men who were keeping 12-hour shifts, ture of my son Michael. I said: Michael is in the Army? verse that says: patrolling the shores to keep them safe, checking every vessel that came He said: Oh, yes; he was in Kosovo. And not only so, but we glory in trib- on the Great Lakes. Most people in I said: Where is he now? ulation also: knowing that tribulation Chicago didn’t even know they were He said: He is with the Special Forces worketh patience; and patience, experi- there. But they were—every single day. in Afghanistan, and I haven’t heard ence; and experience, hope: and hope I can remember, as well, the Capitol from him in 6 weeks. maketh not ashamed. . . . Police just outside this door and I thought to myself: Boy, does that We are a hopeful people. God bless around this complex, who worked 12- tell the American story. Here we have America. hour shifts day after day, week after a man who some, with little education I yield the floor. week, to protect us, to protect the visi- or learning, in their ignorance, would The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- tors, to protect the staff, to protect say is an enemy of America. No, that ator from Illinois is recognized. this great building after September 11. man is a loyal American who was offer- Mr. DURBIN. Madam President, I They are truly American heroes. ing his greatest treasure on Earth, his joined my colleagues in the Senate this In January, as part of the first con- son, to our Nation to serve and who morning on a trip to the Pentagon. The gressional delegation to visit Afghani- was in harm’s way at that very mo- project there is known as the Phoenix stan in the daylight hours, we went to ment. Project, and those familiar with my- Bagram Air Force Base. It was an old Just a few weeks ago, four widows thology know that the Phoenix is the Soviet base, and we were using it as from the World Trade Center came to great bird that rose from the ashes and part of our efforts to liberate Afghani- see me. They want a public investiga- flew again. Well, the spirit of America stan from the Taliban. tion of what happened leading up to was flying again this morning at the To sit down with those young men September 11. I completely support Pentagon as we looked at a restored and women in uniform who had missed them. I think it is now overdue. We building—more importantly, a restored Christmas with their families, did not should do it. spirit. know how long they were going to be They talked about their experiences The President, the Secretary of De- there, and just to talk with them and with their families. They told their fense, and others spoke. We all gath- eat with them and share some stories stories over and over in all the Senate ered—thousands of us—to pay tribute about home, and to have one young offices. Some of them carried around to those who lost their lives on Sep- man come up to me and say: Senator, their necks photographs of husbands tember 11 there, as well as the victims I am from Illinois. Can I ask you a and families. in Pennsylvania and in New York. favor? When I come back after this, I remember one saying: I am lucky. As our buses came back, there were a could you give me a helping hand? My three friends here do not have any number of people gathered in Wash- I said: Sure, what is it? evidence of their husbands they lost, ington on The Mall. Many of them He said: I would like to become an but I was a lucky one because they were—in their own way, with their American citizen. found a hand, and on that hand was my families and friends—commemorating I said: Wait a minute, you’re a sol- husband’s wedding ring which I now September 11. As I passed, I saw one dier here. have on my hand. That is all that sur- man standing there with a handwritten He said: Yes, I am. I was born in Pan- vived. sign that said ‘‘United in Memory.’’ I ama, and I am not an American citizen. She was grateful for that one me- thought that really captures what we Will you help me become an American mento of his life and how much it are doing today. We have stood united citizen? meant to her, and what a reminder it is since September 11, but today we re- I said: You got it, buddy; whatever to all of us of the true grief and loss flect. We are united in memory. We you want, I will be there. that so many families have endured. S8494 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 11, 2002 I suppose the lesson from September Madam President, the watchwords Mr. CRAIG. Madam President, I 11 should be clear: Let all those around for Kentuckians and all Americans on think all Americans today are pausing, the world who would attack the United this day must be: Never again. if not for a moment, for a longer time States know that they will pay a heavy I think we can safely say that 1 year just to think, to kneel and pray. On price. We approve of that. But also let after September 11, 2001, we have ended their mind is a historic incident that everyone around the world know that the first chapter in the book about the occurred a year ago today in this coun- we are not an aggressive, angry people. war on terrorism. But the second chap- try. We are a caring and compassionate na- ter is going to be, in many ways, much Many of my colleagues and I went to tion, and if others will reach out with more challenging. the Pentagon this morning to recog- a hand of peace, we will extend ours as The President and many of us in this nize that great tragedy once again and well, no matter where you are from, no Chamber are haunted by the notion to be there to honor those 184 civilian matter what your religion or ethnic or that a year ago today, had those planes and military men and women who trag- cultural background. Osama bin Laden been full of something other than gaso- ically died in the Pentagon when it was and al-Qaida did not understand that, line—a chemical weapon, a biological struck by terrorists. but we in America understand it well. weapon or, worse still, a nuclear weap- There is no doubt in my mind, and When I reach back in history for on—all of the destruction that we re- my guess is there is no doubt in any words that bring inspiration, I so often member so vividly today would have American’s mind, they again relived turn to one of our favorite sons, Abra- been dramatically worse. the events of the phenomenal and trag- ham Lincoln from Illinois, and his sec- We will have before us in the Senate ic incident that occurred a year ago ond inaugural address right outside in the next few weeks a resolution giv- today, both mentally and visually on this building in which he said: ing the President the authority he will television or in ceremonies or prayers With malice toward none; with charity for be seeking, and we will need to give or moments of silence around this all; with firmness in the right, as God gives him, to begin to launch the second country. us to see the right, let us strive on to finish chapter in this war, which is to target In rethinking that day myself, I the work we are in; to bind up the nation’s weapons of mass destruction, wherever thought of my own emotions; that I wounds; to care for him who shall have borne they may be in the world, in the hands grew angry at first to realize we were the battle, and for his widow, and his or- of leaders or gangs who wish to use being attacked by terrorists. Then I ex- phan—to do all which may achieve and cher- them against our own people here at perienced for a moment on Capitol Hill ish a just, and a lasting peace, among our- that day a sense of fear that maybe the selves, and with all nations. home. This is a new doctrine the President Capitol itself would be struck, or our Lincoln said those words as we came will be laying down. In the past, we office buildings, and that my staff to the close of the most devastating have turned the other cheek, if you might be in some way injured or my war in our history. He reached out to will; we have waited to be attacked, family may not be safe. Out of that try to find common ground, even with and then we have responded. But that fear, though, grew in my mind, and the enemy, to bind this Nation. So, approach, when one considers the dev- grew in most Americans’ minds, a phe- too, should we reach out in this world astation of weapons of mass destruc- nomenal sense of resolve. to tell the story of America, to help tion, is simply unacceptable. The Since that tragic day, we have seen build a more peaceful world, a world American people will not accept a that resolve take shape in so many where our children and grandchildren strategy based upon responding after forms, whether it is the celebrating of never have to fear another September the next attack on our own soil using a complete reconstruction of the Pen- 11. weapons of mass destruction. tagon today in almost unbelievable After September 11, we were not just This will be one of the most impor- time, or whether it was citizens across united in anger, not just united in sym- tant debates we will have in the his- this Nation reaching deep in their pathy. We were united in memory and tory of this body, and it will come up pocket to give a little or a lot of their united in hope—hope for a world of in the next few weeks. It will be an ap- personal wealth to help the remaining peace, hope that our children and chil- propriate memorial and remembrance citizens whose husbands, wives, sons, dren around the world will be spared to those who lost their lives a year ago or daughters were the victims of the 9/ the horror, the disaster, and the trag- today as a result of a conventional at- 11 incidents. edy of September 11. tack. Were they alive today, I am sure As I was listening to our Secretary of Madam President, I yield the floor. they would applaud our efforts to pre- Defense and our President today, I The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- vent another attack with weapons even thought of two Idahoans who died a ator from Kentucky. more devastating on other Americans year ago today at the Pentagon, one Mr. MCCONNELL. Madam President, here at home. LTC Ron Vauk of Nampa, ID, and one as we observe the 1-year passing of the Make no mistake about it, this is the Brady Howell of Sugar City, ID. day al-Qaida attacked America, we new challenge of the 21st century: I have known LTC Hawk only by a have in our hearts, our thoughts, and Weapons of mass destruction in the piece of paper. When I was a young our prayers the victims and their fami- hands of gangs such as al-Qaida or re- Member in the House of Representa- lies. On this painful anniversary, they gimes such as the one in Baghdad used tives, I had looked at his resume. I had do not stand alone in their grief. All on Americans here at home by people studied his grades and I, along with the Americans of all faiths, colors, and who really are against modernity, who rest of my colleagues, had decided he creeds mourn the senseless loss of life want to roll the clock back to the Mid- was eligible for and ought to be nomi- on September 11, 2001. dle Ages where women had no rights, nated to the Naval Academy at Annap- The war on terrorism is a fight where people had no opportunity to olis. We did nominate him, and he against evil forces bent on destroying speak or to worship as they chose. served with honor. America and our many freedoms. Presi- This is a war between modernity and He had retired out of the military dent Bush said this war will be unlike the Middle Ages. Our enemies are quite and was serving in the Navy Reserve, any we have ever seen, and he is cer- intelligent and resourceful, and this teaching in this area. He was serving tainly right. This is a war without bor- challenge is going to go on for quite only as a reservist at the Pentagon in ders and one in which the battle must some time. a temporary status for a few days, hav- be brought to the enemy, lest terror- In conclusion, this would be a fitting ing been called from his job to do so ists strike again on our own soil. memorial to those who died a year ago when that plane struck. I will never In the long proud arc of our Republic, today, that America in a very forget the time I spent with his bride America’s courage has been too great, proactive way seeks to prevent the and their small son in Maryland. I its values too strong, and its freedoms next attack in the United States using watched the unity of that family com- too dear to ever be turned back by an weapons of mass destruction. ing around the widow and that small enemy. As we stand at the beginning of I yield the floor. son of LTC Ron Vauk. That was the a new century, I am certain in the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- kind of resolve we have seen repeated knowledge that we will prevail again. ator from Idaho. time and time again out of the tear- September 11, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S8495 stained faces of Americans as they rec- re-shed in memory of the men and through. Americans rallied to help ognized that they had to commit them- women who died on 9/11. I am so proud those in need by waiting hours to give selves, as our President and as this of my country and so proud to be but a blood, by donating supplies to the res- Congress has committed itself, to never small part of its leadership because I cue effort, by digging deep in their own letting this happen again. have sensed in the Senate that while pockets for the September 11 charities. I remembered Jennifer Vauk today, we may have our differences politi- I am especially proud of the Tennessee and I can only say to that brave widow cally, a resolve all Americans have at Baptist Convention that sent 30 volun- that I thank her for her courageous- this moment is to never allow this to teers to prepare food for the rescue ness at this tremendously difficult happen again, never allow our citizens workers at the World Trade Center. time for her. Resolve and resilience to be the target of an enemy that I am still moved to this day, as we flowing from the veins of Americans would choose to strike them down for were at the Pentagon a few hours ago, into the energy of their souls clearly political expression. by the presence of members of the Ten- speaks so well in this country today. It So be it 9/11 or be it Patriots Day, I nessee Task Force One who helped is not just a 9/11 feeling, it is a sense of hope on September 11 next year we will search for survivors and recover the patriotism and resolve that has grown once again be speaking out about that fallen at the Pentagon. out of nearly every crisis this great day on September 11 of 2001 when thou- America will always remember the country has experienced down through sands of Americans lost their lives, but men and women who risked their lives the years. It comes in all different America found once again a revitalized to save the lives of others on Sep- forms. reason for being what we are and striv- tember 11: Those on the front line, the At this instance, in Idaho, it was the ing to allow the rest of the world to medical personnel, the firemen, the po- Red Cross sending volunteers all the have the same kind of human freedoms lice officers, all who rushed into harm’s way across the country to Ground Zero we have and cherish. way, who forever touched our hearts in New York, or it was the numerous I yield the floor. with their heroism. Their example ex- churches or memorial services held The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ists, survives, as an inspiration to us across the State of Idaho, or it was a ator from Tennessee. all. It will remain so for generations to marvelous little gal in Pocatello who Mr. FRIST. Madam President, come. had saved $1,000 of her own money to though we would never wish to relive Britt Brewster, a 12-year-old Ten- buy a horse, and she gave all of it to the horror of September 11, 2001, we nessee girl, who came up yesterday the 9/11 charities so some other child must dedicate ourselves to appro- from Tennessee to participate in the could have a little bit because that priately remembering it. That is the remembrance services said earlier this child had lost so much, a mother or a task we begin with this first anniver- week: father. sary of that darkest of days, to prop- The one good thing [about September 11] It was not just an Idahoan doing it. It erly and lastingly honor the sacrifice was that America started coming together as was thousands of Americans speaking of the more than 3,000 women, men, one. out from the smallest, almost the poor- and children who perished at the Pen- I remember visiting Ground Zero est, to the tallest and the most tagon, at the World Trade Center, at with about 40 of my colleagues from wealthy in our country who found the the crash site of flight 93 in this body a couple days after the at- capacity in their heart to experience Shanksville, PA. tacks. Smoke was still rising from the this resolve and dedicate themselves, September 11 will be a day of mourn- debris. Almost everything was covered as did Leah Wright in Pocatello with ing for many years to come. And it with the fine ash. The only color, other her $1,000. should be, for the grief of those who than the workmen’s bright yellow hats, I suspect every generation has a de- lost loved ones on that day will pass was the American flags that hung so fining moment. My guess is that Sep- only with their passing. Nothing can proudly posted on the buildings around tember 11 is the defining moment for that World Trade Center site. We America’s current generation. Our wipe away the memory of a friend or a should fly our flags on this anniversary President, in speaking today, has given family member taken before their a name for all of us who would call it time. The victims of September 11— and show our common love for country 9/11. It will be a Patriots Day, and I those who died and the friends and and our fellow countrymen. There has been much debate about hope that every year we stop to re- family who survived them—deserve our what we should teach our children on member Patriots Day and why we now enduring respect. this first anniversary of the September recognize it in that capacity. Though the attacks were carried out Congress is now debating legislation in New York, Washington, and Penn- 11 attacks. I believe they need to know to create homeland security as a de- sylvania, no American was left un- the truth. I had the opportunity to partment, hopefully to bring our coun- touched by this tragedy. That includes take my wife and my three teenage try together more cohesively, to allow the men and women of my home State boys to Ground Zero about 2 months our law enforcement communities to of Tennessee. I think of John and Pat after the attacks. I wanted them to see do so in a way that will give us greater Lenoir of Knoxville who lost their son, firsthand the destruction with their intelligence and therefore greater re- Rob, when the World Trade Center col- very own eyes and remember, long solve. In doing so, we must not allow lapsed. Francis Hall of Knoxville lost after I am gone and my generation is terrorism, or our commitment to stop- her sister-in-law. And Otis and Nancy gone, what evil once did—and, I should ping it, deny us our own personal free- Tolbert of Brentwood, TN, lost their add, can do again—to our country. I doms. We should never select security son when flight 77 crashed into the will take them back to New York. We over freedom because it is the very Pentagon. We keep those Tennesseans were just there 5 days ago and saw the freedom of our country that gives us in our thoughts and prayers today. rebirth, the vitality of that remarkable the resolve we have today. Tragically It is entirely appropriate that the city. I also want my sons to see what enough, it was the very freedom of our President and First Lady began their good can be done, and can always be country that caused terrorists to September 11 by attending a church done, in our country. strike at us because we do not speak of service. I hope Americans all across The Gettysburg Address is considered freedom for Americans only, we speak this country follow their example by one of the most powerful pieces of fu- of it for all citizens of the world and spending some part of their day in a neral oratory ever delivered on Amer- citizens of all countries as a right of house of worship or on bended knee in ican soil. As Lincoln himself admitted, humankind to be as free as possible, prayer. Regardless of the God we may even he could not dedicate the battle- and for this great country to be dedi- worship, faith in a higher power can field beyond what those who fell there cated to that freedom. help heal and explain and console and had already done. Instead, he urged his In our search for security, let us not reassure us today, just as it did a year audience at the time to dedicate them- deny ourselves the very freedom that is ago. selves, ‘‘that from these honored dead the strength of our country. Though September 11 attacks did we take increased devotion to that Many more will speak today, and at bring one of the darkest days in our cause for which they gave the last full the end of the day many tears will be history, a few rays of light did shine measure of devotion.’’ S8496 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 11, 2002 The terrorists attacked on Sep- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- more personal. It is not just 3,000 lives. tember 11 and continue to make deadly ator from Oklahoma. You realize it is individual families and threats because they hate our country Mr. NICKLES. Madam President, a some of those families were totally and everything we represent. The 3,000 year ago today our Nation was sav- devastated and their futures enor- women, men, and children who died on agely attacked in maybe the most evil mously changed, if not destroyed be- that tragic day did so for the same attack ever on American soil. Over cause of this senseless, cowardly, evil cause as those who fell on the battle 3,000 innocent people were killed. I call attack that happened a year ago. green of Lexington, and the forests of it an evil attack because how can it be Like Oklahoma City, we had a lot of Argonne, and on the beaches of Nor- more evil than to kill people who are heroes. The heroes, the firemen who mandy—justice, equality, liberty, de- totally innocent—men, women, and raced into the building, the heroes on mocracy. children? flight 93, the heroes who were saving I urge every American to offer their The attack on the World Trade Cen- lives in the Pentagon, the medical per- respects to families who lost loved ter was an attack on the United States, sonnel and others who saved countless ones, to put those who perished in their on our economic beliefs and founda- lives, in some cases they gave up their prayers, and to show their patriotism tions. The attack on the Pentagon was life in order to save lives. The Bible by unfurling the American flag. But an attack on our national security and says: above all, I hope we will rededicate defense. Flight 93 was, we now find out, Greater love hath no man than this, that a ourselves to those values, to the values headed for the Capitol, an attack on man lay down his life for his friends. that have been the core of the great- our democracy. I thank God for the he- We had a lot of American citizens ness of our country for more than two roes, the passengers on the plane. who laid down their lives to save other and a quarter centuries. Those values A lot of heroes came out as a result lives. What an enormous gift they have may be threatened sooner than we may of these savage attacks a year ago— given. They did this to pay the ulti- think. If they are, we will find strength men and women who were running into mate price or make the ultimate sac- and hope and resolve in remembering, the buildings, not away from the build- rifice—to save the lives of other Ameri- properly and lastingly, September 11, ings; into the buildings to save lives. cans. 2001. It is amazing. If you look at the pic- Thousands of people killed one year The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- tures we have seen in the last few days ago today. Why? Because they were ator from Maryland. of the World Trade Center and Pen- Americans, because they happened to Mr. SARBANES. Madam President, tagon—it is amazing that there are be citizens of the United States, be- this past year, has been one of tragedy only 3,000 that were lost. That number cause they stood for freedom, they hap- and challenge for the American people. could have been significantly higher. If pened to share freedom. Just a year ago, on September 11, 2001, you look at the devastation in New Our country was attacked economi- we experienced a dawning national York City alone, it would not have cally and militarily and politically. tragedy. been hard to imagine 20,000 lost, not However, we survived that attack. The Just as the workday was beginning— 3,000. It probably would have been American economy is fine. Our Amer- 8:46 a.m. to be precise—terrorists 20,000 lives lost had it not been for the ican military stands strong. Our Amer- struck this country in a series of sav- courageous acts of firemen and police- ican democracy remains steadfast. age attacks. Over 3,000 were killed and men and fellow workers putting their My compliments to the men and many more were injured. Those at- own safety at risk to save other lives, women in the military who are pro- tacks struck a vicious blow at every not to mention the passengers on flight tecting our freedom daily and who have American everywhere. 93 who kept that plane from running done a fantastic job going after the cul- Over the past year we have labored into our Capitol, from hitting our Cap- prits, those who are responsible for this with the highest degree of human spirit itol. I cannot imagine the loss that attack, in Afghanistan and other to address our grievous losses—as indi- would have happened, not just the loss places. viduals, in our families, in our commu- of life—of Senators and Congressmen, My compliments to the administra- nities, and as a nation. At the same our staffs, our employees, our security tion, President Bush, Secretary Powell time, we have worked hard to deal with officers—but also the effect it would and Secretary Rumsfeld and others, the challenges that confront us now have on democracy. I shudder to think who are going after the perpetrators of and into the future. We are resolved to what would have happened if they this crime—not just in Afghanistan, put an end to the scourge of terrorism would have hit our Nation’s Capitol. but in countries all across the world. and to bring its perpetrators to justice. Today I joined with the President My compliments to them for building Our response to terrorism must be and many others in rededicating the up an international coalition of over 90 committed and complex, for no simple Pentagon. It is great to see the Pen- countries who are joining us in this at- solution or single action can accom- tagon rebuilt, and my compliments go tack, fighting the battle against ter- plish our goal. We must engage in the to the workers and others who rebuilt rorism throughout the world. broadest possible international effort, such a wonderful building in such a There is a lot of work that has been for we know that terrorists are not short period of time. But we also re- done and a lot of work that yet needs contained by national borders. As we member the loss of life in each of these to be done. This Congress needs to join move forward, we take our inspiration instances. with the administration, both legisla- from the calm determination and In the Pentagon, a former employee tively but also in support in continuing steely resolve of the firefighters, po- and personal friend of mine, Barbara this attack and this battle on ter- lice, emergency personnel, and airline Olson, was killed. She was a passenger rorism. We are not finished. There are passengers who responded to the at- on that airplane. My heart still aches still a lot of trained terrorists who tacks, and from the resilience of those for Ted Olson and their family. What a threaten our country. Unfortunately, who are rebuilding lives and families terrible loss that was, taking the life of maybe they have been brainwashed and communities. a person who was so bright, had so into thinking it is good to try to kill And we shall move forward, for we much life, was so engaged in the polit- innocent people if they happen to be have families to care for, neighbors to ical life of our country. To have that Americans, or maybe if they happen to look after, jobs that must be done, and life taken is just a very sad tragedy. To be friends of Israel. There is a lot of ha- civic obligations that must be met. The think that is multiplied by 3,000 times tred that has been fomented for a long events of September 11, 2001, were trag- all across the country, it is a very sad time, and that is very regrettable, but ic beyond measure, but our response to reminder of the enormous tragedy we it is important that we band together— those events demonstrates the great have suffered. people all across the world—to con- strength of America and provides a new It reminds me of the Oklahoma City demn and combat terrorism. sense of what it means to be an Amer- bombing we suffered on April 19, 1995. I think the President has done an ican. The future of our Nation is ours In Oklahoma City, we lost 168 lives. I outstanding job, leading this country to make. knew some of those people as well. and leading the free world in that bat- I yield the floor. When you know somebody it makes it tle. I compliment him for it. We have a September 11, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S8497 lot of work ahead, but I am absolutely a national missile defense system be- now we are trying to keep a military confident that freedom will prevail. We cause there is no threat. on a smaller amount of money relative are a great country because we are a Now we know there is. We know the to our gross domestic product than be- free country. We have greater free- threat is there, and we wish we could fore Pearl Harbor. We are spending less doms—political freedom, economic look back and say, Why didn’t we stay today—3 percent of our gross domestic freedom, religious freedom—than any on schedule where we would have to de- product—on our military. other country in the history of man- ploy by fiscal year 1998?—which is real- People talk about how much stronger kind. I am absolutely confident, ly 1997. we are than anyone else. There are not though, in 10 years from now or 20 We have been watching the deteriora- many other countries that do not years from now, we will still be able to tion of our military in terms of end spend more than that percentage. His- say that we live in the greatest and strength and in terms of authorization. torically, it has been between 4 percent most free country in the history of Right now, we are sending our troops and 5 percent. mankind. However, these freedoms out into battle with inferior equip- We are having a markup of the De- have been attacked. Frankly, these ment. fense authorization bill. I came over freedoms have been under attack for My colleague from Oklahoma and I from there because I wanted to get on several years. Now we are responding have both experienced the condition of record as strongly as I can about the and we are responding strongly. Yet we our artillery system. It is one that has result and how we might benefit from still have a lot to do. I am confident 1958 technology. You can think of it as this tragedy a year ago today. that the people who challenge us will Civil War technology where you have In this debate which we are in, we not be successful. Freedom will prevail. to run the barrel between each shot. need to know if there is some way we I yield the floor. I think even some of the military can relieve the Guard at the gates at The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. CAR- leaders in America do not realize how our military operations so they can go PER). The Senator from Oklahoma. deteriorated it is. I think a lot of our and relieve some of the Guard and Re- Mr. INHOFE. Mr. President, I think leaders were not aware until Sep- serves who are overworked. Right now, my colleague from Oklahoma is ex- tember 11 that there are many other there is not a Senator in here who actly right. We can carry it one step countries making more sophisticated hasn’t heard from Guard and Reserve further. We have these freedoms and strike systems than we have. Our best back home. They are overworked and that is why they hate us so much; they air-to-air defense and air-to-ground ve- overdeployed. They have lost their don’t have these freedoms. The idea hicle is the F–16. They now have the jobs. Many of these individuals have that individuals can have the freedoms SU–27 and SU–30. They are on the open had to quit the Reserves and the we in this country have is totally alien market. We know that China has Guard. Sadly, we are missing the crit- to everything they believe in. bought around 240 of these. It is a very ical MO authorization specialties. It is I sat there as others did—I am sure threatening situation. something we are going to have to do. my colleague from Oklahoma did this I can recall the day this happened. A But there is a mentality among peo- morning—and looked at the Pentagon, year ago, we had the Chamber of Com- ple—and we don’t disrespect those peo- and I know what went through his merce in from the State of Oklahoma. ple who believe the threat is not out mind and what went through my mind They come up once a year. And they there. There are some people who hon- was the Murrah Federal Office Building were over in the Hart Building. It was estly in their hearts believe that if we in Oklahoma City in 1995. We lost my turn to address them from 9 to 9:30. all stand in a circle—all countries—and about the same number of lives back Senator NICKLES was addressing them hold hands and unilaterally disarm, all then as we did in the Pentagon. There from 9:30 to 10. As I got to the end of threats will go away. I know that are a lot of other similarities there. my 30-minute speech, I ended it the doesn’t sound reasonable, but in Wash- The appearance after the airplane same way I have ended my speeches ington, there are quite a few of those struck was so similar to that which we since 1994/95; that is, today we are in around. experienced in Oklahoma City. That the most threatened position we have I think the shock treatment we got brought back those very sad memories. been in as a nation in the history of on September 11 of 2001 brought us out I sometimes look at things and ask, our country. Just as I said that, I of that. We understand what we are How can anything good come from looked up, and I saw this billowing going to have to do. We are going to something as bad as all that? Yet I can smoke—not knowing what it was, not have to do a rebuilding. see—it is obvious, as I saw the changes even finding out until Senator NICKLES I think if there is anything to come in attitudes of people here in this body, ended his speech that in fact it was the to benefit us as a result of this tragedy and also the body down the hall—they bombing of the Pentagon. a year ago, it is to remind not the peo- are reflecting the interests of the This mentality that has been perme- ple in this Chamber—they react to the American people. ating the Halls of both the House and people at home—but to remind people I have been concerned for the last 10 the Senate—that somehow the cold war at home that we are in a very threat- years with the deterioration in the is over and the threat is not out there ened situation and the most vulnerable condition of our military. We talk anymore—is something that people in the history of this country. about the authorization program. We now understand is not true. Secretary Rumsfeld said it in a way talk about our end strength. We talk When this administration came in, which I think is very good. He said the about the fact that we don’t have a na- they saw our end strength and the consequences of making a mistake now tional missile defense system. problems we have in the military. We are far greater than ever before. He Somebody very smart back in 1983 have to change our policy—which has said they are minuscule by compari- determined that there will be a day— always been to defend America against son—that the consequence of making and they put the date, fiscal year 1998— two MTW; that is, two major theater mistakes in Somalia in 1993 was that when we are going to have to be able to wars. Now it is to defend America we lost 18 soldiers. The consequence of defend our people from an incoming against one theater. making mistakes in Yemen in 1999 was missile. So we got on schedule to be This is something that is not accept- tragic. We lost 17 sailors. But he said able to deploy something to defend able to the American people. And they the consequence of making a mistake against a limited missile attack. find out. I know this, Mr. President, right now is that we could lose hun- We talked about land-based, air- because every time I say it, they ask dreds of thousands of people. based, space-based, and the AEGIS sys- the question: Do you mean that we We need to move on and allow this tem, and evaluated all of these until don’t have that capability, and we have tragedy in America to serve as a re- the early 1990s when the program abandoned the policy we have had in minder to the people of America that stopped. President Clinton was Presi- this country for the last 20 years? I we have to rebuild. We have to make dent at that time. He vetoed the De- say: Yes, that is where we are. America strong again to the point that fense authorization bill. In his veto I think Secretary Rumsfeld was right we can meet the minimum expecta- message, he said: I will continue to when he testified before our Senate tions of the American people. We do veto any bill that has money in it for Armed Services Committee and said not today. S8498 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 11, 2002 I only say, as tragic as it is, that the I know that I speak for all Members IN REMEMBRANCE OF SEPTEMBER best way to ensure that those individ- of the Senate when I say that we deep- 11, 2001 uals who died—over 3,000—a year ago ly appreciate your support today. Your Mr. BUNNING. Mr. President, I rise will not have died in vain is by learn- presence here reminds us of the impor- today in honor of those in New York, ing the lesson and rebuilding and pre- tance of allies and the enduring bond at the Pentagon, and in the skies over venting a far greater catastrophe from between the United States and Norway. Pennsylvania who lost their lives 1 happening again. During the long decades of the Cold year ago today. Thank you, Mr. President. I yield the War, Norway was the only NATO mem- None of us in the Senate will ever floor, and I suggest the absence of a ber to border directly on the Russian forget the events of that terrible morn- quorum. Republic. This ‘‘front-line’’ position ing, nor will we ever forget the courage The PRESIDING OFFICER. The imposed a special burden on Norway, and compassion displayed by Ameri- clerk will call the roll. and its value as a member of the Alli- cans everywhere in response to the at- The assistant legislative clerk pro- ance far exceeded the size of its popu- tacks. ceeded to call the roll. lation. Today, my thoughts and prayers are Mr. LUGAR. Mr. President, I ask The border between Norway and Rus- with the victims, their families, and all unanimous consent that the order for sia is now peaceful and cooperative. of those who risked their lives to save the quorum call be rescinded. Yet Norway still bears burdens from its others on that awful day. The des- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without history as a front-line state. In par- picable acts that we witnessed were objection, it is so ordered. ticular, it must contend with the envi- meant to create havoc and to test our Mr. LUGAR. Mr. President, it is a ronmental dangers created by the nu- resolve as Americans. America passed privilege to welcome a distinguished clear-powered Soviet-era fleet that is that test. We are stronger and more delegation from the Norwegian Par- deteriorating on the nearby Kola Pe- united as a Nation today than we ever liament. Nine members of the Com- ninsula. were. Despite the fact that our build- mittee on Defense are with us today in In June of this year, I had the pleas- ings were damaged, America’s founda- the Senate Chamber. They have come ure to visit Norway following an exten- tions remain unshaken. And despite to the United States this week as a sive trip to Russia. There I met with the fact that 3,000 of our friends, rel- part of an ambitious series of events many members of the Norwegian de- atives, and neighbors were murdered, which will include meetings at the fense establishment, including mem- America’s sense of community is Pentagon, the State Department, the bers of the Defense Committee. We stronger than ever. National Security Council, and Central talked a great deal about nuclear This morning, many of us took part Command in Florida. clean-up issues on the Kola Peninsula. in a memorial service across the river They had been scheduled to leave Norway has been an invaluable partner at the newly restored Pentagon. One Washington this morning, but they in addressing this nuclear threat year ago today, that building was on have changed their itinerary delib- through its support for the Nunn-Lugar fire. One of its five sides essentially lay erately because they wanted to be with program and its participation in the in ruin. us here, the U.S. Senate, in the Capitol trilateral Arctic Military Environ- Last September, I visited the Pen- Building on this solemn day. mental Cooperation program or AMEC. tagon just days after the attack. It was As fellow legislators and close NATO Under AMEC, our country has been a terrible scene of devastation. But allies, the Norwegian Defense Com- working with the Russians and Nor- today we saw a building that has been mittee wanted to express its solidarity wegians to safely dispose of the nuclear completely rebuilt. The Pentagon, both with Congress and with the American material from decommissioned vessels. on the inside and on the outside, is bet- people on the first anniversary of Sep- We have had great success so far, but ter than before. The offices within are tember 11. the challenges of safeguarding weapons busy now with the activity of military I would like to read a letter into the and materials of mass destruction are men and women who are hard at work RECORD from the Defense Committee of immense. I am hopeful that our efforts in the war against terror. Norway. can be expanded and accelerated, and I The Pentagon, today, stands as a re- They have written: know that Norway will work closely minder of the American spirit and a To the Senate of the United States: with us to address these dangers. warning to those who want to terrorize The Standing Committee on Defense of the us: America will triumph, and those Norwegian Parliament wishes to express its So we welcome the Norwegian De- deepest sympathy and solidarity with the fense Committee and draw encourage- who want nothing less than to destroy American people on this day of remem- ment from their presence here on this our way of life will fail. They will fail brance—one year after the horrible terror at- day of remembrance. We look forward because of the American spirit. They tack on the United States that occurred Sep- to all that we can accomplish together, will fail because of our faith in freedom tember 11, 2001. as we strive to make the world safe and democracy. They will fail because Let us never forget all those individuals from terrorism and weapons of mass of the strength and character of the who lost their lives in New York, Virginia, destruction. American people. and Pennsylvania, including firemen, police I believe Americans have emerged officers, and volunteers who tried to rescue f from the attacks even stronger and people from the flames. RECESS more dedicated to our beliefs and to The letter continues: our Nation. But we cannot let our September 11 changed the world and inter- Mr. LUGAR. Mr. President, I ask guard down again. We cannot forget national politics. Norway is proud to partici- unanimous consent that the Senate that evil is lying in wait for another pate in the broad coalition against terrorism stand in a short recess in order that we opportunity to attack. So far, we have and does so by taking part in ‘‘Operation En- can greet the defense committee of the during Freedom’’ under U.S. command. The been able to anticipate, with intel- fight against terrorism is a fight for democ- Norwegian Parliament, and I ask the ligence, any future attacks. But we racy, for an open and free society, and for Senate and members of the staff to know the enemy will try again. human rights. greet the delegation assembled behind It has been said many times—but it Sincerely, my desk. bears repeating—it might not seem The Standing Committee on Defense [of There being no objection, the Senate, that we are at war, but we are at war. Norway]: at 2:52 p.m., recessed until 2:55 p.m. and It is a different kind of a struggle than Ms. Marit Nybakk, Chairman DC, Ms. reassembled when called to order by we have ever fought before. Aase Wisloeff Nilssen, Member DC, Mr. the Presiding Officer (Mr. CARPER). On the surface, it might not seem Bjoern Hernaes, Member DC, Mr. Kjetil The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- like World War II, Korea, Vietnam, or Bjoerklund, Member DC, Mr. Per Roar ator from Kentucky is recognized. Bredvold, Member DC, Mr. Gunnar any other conflict of the past. Make no Halvorsen, Member DC, Mr. Aage Mr. BUNNING. My congratulations mistake about it, danger still lurks, Konradsen, Member DC, Mr. Leif Lund, to the Senator from Indiana and the and we must remain vigilant. Member DC, Mr. Per Ove Width, Mem- delegation from Norway. We are privi- Americans have made many sac- ber DC, Mr. Joern Olsen, Secretary DC. leged to have them here. rifices, big and small, over the last September 11, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S8499 year. They gave blood and contributed are poised on the brink of another. It is wounded at the Pentagon, the heroism to relief efforts. They became more no wonder the anxiety of the American of the men and women of our great me- vigilant in their communities. They people is palpable. tropolis, New York, and the sur- volunteered to help those in need. We As we search for certainty and lead- rounding States and regions—of course, have come a long way since the attacks ership in these uncertain times, it is New Jersey lost many people—and the a year ago, and I could not be prouder only natural we turn towards one of men and women aboard flight 93. Let of our people. our greatest leaders, Abraham Lincoln. their heroism be our inspiration to fin- In that time, I believe we have found As our leader during our greatest cri- ish the work that we have at hand. new national unity, not only from the sis, his words carry a resonance and We have a great amount of work heroism of firefighters, police, and our wisdom that ring true today. ahead. We can be proud of the work we military, but also from the everyday President Lincoln’s second inaugural have accomplished in the last 12 efforts of regular everyday Americans. address, delivered at the twilight of the months, any number of initiatives and I am proud of the way we in Congress Civil War, reads like a prayer. It is a bills and legislative proposals and en- responded to the attacks. By putting request to God to show us how to be deavors that have really made this aside politics and working together just, and to grant this Nation peace. country much stronger, more secure with President Bush for the greater Yet, while it is a prayer, it is also a than we were on this day, this hour, a good, we have shown that, while we all plan. President Lincoln wrote: year ago. But there is no doubt there is wear political labels as Republicans Fondly do we hope, fervently do we pray, a great deal of work to be done. Let us and Democrats, we are Americans first. that this mighty scourge of war may speed- ily pass away. Yet, if God wills that it con- remember that we will show leadership The President has done a superb job in our might and power. We will also leading our country in the war on ter- tinue until all the wealth piled by the bonds- man’s 250 years of unrequited toil shall be show leadership in our mercy, in our ror, and we in Congress have done our sunk, and until every drop of blood drawn willingness to leave this world to a best to provide him with the resources with the lash shall be paid by another drawn much more just and fair place, where necessary to persecute and win that with the sword, as was said 3,000 years ago, democracies rule the day and people war. so still must it be said, the judgments of the can enjoy freedoms unheard of, really, Much has been done, but we must Lord are true and righteous altogether. With malice towards none, with charity for and not yet experienced in the world. continue to remain focused on the task That is America’s greatest challenge. at hand—protecting our homeland. And all, with firmness in the right as God gives that job continues tomorrow in the us to see the right, let us strive on to finish I yield the floor. the work we are in, to bind up the Nation’s Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, one year Senate. We will finish it, and we will wounds, to care for him who shall have borne finish it successfully. the battle and for his widow and his orphan, ago today, September 11, 2001, terror- People often ask me how things have to do all which may achieve and cherish a ists attacked our country, killing al- changed in Washington since 9/11. Some just and lasting peace among ourselves and most 3,000 people. Each of us has, in things on the surface certainly have with all nations. the year since the attack, had our lives changed. There are more concrete bar- President Lincoln asked for God’s as- touched by the horrific events of Sep- riers, roadblocks, and security pre- sistance, but also to shine a light on tember 11th. Each of us has, in the year cautions, but looking beneath the sur- the righteous path to victory. We must since the attack, been shocked by the face, I think the better question to ask finish the work we are in, but we must terrible images of destruction and suf- is, What did 9/11 reveal about us? It also care for the victims of war and do fering at the sites of these attacks—at showed that we are still a good and all we can to achieve a lasting peace. the World Trade Center, in Pennsyl- compassionate Nation and people. It That is how President Lincoln want- vania, and at the Pentagon. Paradox- showed that, under the worst of cir- ed the Civil War to end. Not with re- ically, each of us has also been uplifted cumstances, we will come to the aid criminations that would tear the coun- by the stories of heroism and self-sac- not only of our friends and neighbors, try apart forever and sow seeds for the rifice that have emerged from around but to complete strangers. It showed next war but, rather, to approach vic- the country in the wake of these ter- that America is still the greatest na- tory with charity. For a powerful na- rible events. tion on Earth, and it showed that, in tion such as the United States, it is From this act of war and hatred the war on terror, we will prevail. only in demonstrating our commit- against all Americans, our country has I yield the floor, and I suggest the ab- ments to a world order that we can at- demonstrated once again the resilient sence of a quorum. tain a lasting peace. strength in the fabric of our people. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. It is only in our generosity to the Make no mistake about it: Our country BAYH). The clerk will call the roll. struggling nations to the world we can is at war. But unlike past wars, we face The assistant legislative clerk pro- enjoy the full fruits of our labors and a new challenge, a new type of enemy, ceeded to call the roll. the great bounties of our democracy. It one that is loosely organized through- Ms. LANDRIEU. Mr. President, I ask is part of the twin ironies of being the out the world, with tentacles stretch- unanimous consent that the order for sole superpower in the world. The first ing into every corner of the globe, and the quorum call be rescinded. is that to preserve the peace, we must one which is steadfast in its determina- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without prepare for war. The second is that to tion to defeat America. objection, it is so ordered. attain any real victory, we must show The Senator from Louisiana. mercy to those we have vanquished. We cherish our freedoms, our oppor- Ms. LANDRIEU. Mr. President, I will Louisiana lost three sons on Sep- tunities, and our tolerance. But we re- spend a few minutes remembering the tember 11: Petty Officer Second Class main vigilant in our determination to day, as we all have taken some time to Kevin Yokum of Lake Charles, Navy meet and defeat our enemy—terrorists express our individual thoughts and LT Scott Lamana of Baton Rouge, and who threaten our security and our free- honor this day in the best way we can, Louis Williams of Mandeville. The doms. Throughout our country’s his- to express what it means for us, for all quick and expedient thing for our coun- tory, our people, its leaders, and Con- Americans, and actually for millions of try would be to cry for their revenge gress have demonstrated time and time people around the world. and the revenge of the thousands of again that when we work together— It is truly a somber day for all of us. other Americans who died for freedom when we harness the full energy and In a nation that has known unparal- that day. Yet that is not America. It is commitment of our country—we can leled success, coping with a tragedy of not what these three men would have overcome any adversity or any enemy this enormity is all that more difficult. wanted. Rather, they would want to to our people. The tragic events of Sep- We love our liberty, we love our free- know that their deaths had helped to tember 11th have united this country dom, and we want nothing from the sow a lasting and just peace among and challenged our country once again world or for the world but peace and ourselves and with all nations. to face down the terrible threat of ter- prosperity. Yet today we find our lib- So I join my colleagues today in sa- rorism. erty and our personal freedoms re- luting the heroism of these men, of the Beginning with the PATRIOT Act, strained. We are fighting one war and men and women who died and were which was signed into law soon after S8500 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 11, 2002 the September 11th attack, and con- enacted May 14, 2002: This act tight- offer you our support and we give you tinuing today with the pending legisla- ened our border and visa policies by re- our love. We will never forgot the ter- tion to create a new Department of quiring the Immigration and Natu- rible tragedy of September 11th. We Homeland Security, I have been com- ralization Service, the State Depart- will do all we can in our prayers and in mitted to aiding our country’s fight ment, the FBI and Central Intelligence our deeds to make sure that such an at- against terrorism in order to defeat our Agency to share information in order tack never occurs again. enemy and make our homeland safe to identify individuals who may pose a It is a new era in America and I ask from future attacks. My commitment terrorist threat to our country. In ad- for your prayers and support as we face is strong and my determination is un- dition, the act: one, requires the State many difficult challenges ahead. We do wavering to ensure that our President Department to issue visas and other so with a steely resolve to never, ever has all the tools and resources needed travel documents which include bio- let this horrible event ever occur to fight and win this war so that the metric identifiers—i.e. fingerprints, again. scourge of terrorism is extinguished retinal scan; two, mandates the INS to Mr. HOLLINGS. Mr. President, in the forever. implement an entry-exit tracking sys- year since last September 11th, there In supporting the war against ter- tem; three, requires the INS to install has been much debate on the Senate rorism, I want to highlight some of the biometric scanners at all United States floor on how to stop terrorists; and legislative measures that I have pro- entry points; and four, provides greater there will be plenty of time in the com- posed or supported during the 107th access to law enforcement databases ing months to debate what we do inso- Congress. for INS and intelligence agencies. The far as organizing homeland security, The Military Force Authorization act also increases funding for addi- and how we deal with Iraq and the fa- Bill, P.L. 107–40, enacted September 18, tional INS inspectors. natics who want to blow us up and the 2001: This bill provided President Bush Secure Transportation for America like. with the full and necessary authority Act, P.L. 107–71, enacted November 11, But on this September 11th, this Sen- to use force against those who took 2001: This act improved airport secu- ator wants to remember the 3,000 lives part in the terrorist attacks. rity for all United States travelers by lost in New York, at the Pentagon, and U.S.A. PATRIOT Act of 2001, P.L. adopting new and more stringent re- in Pennsylvania. Obviously their loss 107–56, enacted October 26, 2001: This has been felt by their families in ways comprehensive anti-terrorism legisla- quirements for hiring of airport screen- ers to eliminate potential security none of us can imagine. But their loss tion provided new tools for law enforce- has also been felt by all Americans. As ment and for improved information risks; required airlines to install a Senator, in the last year, not a day sharing among Federal agencies to stronger cockpit doors to protect has gone by when I haven’t thought deter and protect against further ter- against possible forced entry into the about what happened last September rorist attacks. The Act is tough on ter- cockpit and implemented the air mar- 11th, and what actions this Congress rorists and those who harbor or assist shal program to increase the presence can take to prevent such horrifying them. The Act: one, increased criminal of air marshals on all flights. events. September 11th has moved this penalties for various terrorism crimes The Public Health Safety and Bioter- nation to respond and to defend our- and money laundering schemes used to rorism Response Act, P.L. 107–188, en- selves in ways that has made America finance terrorists; two, reformed our acted June 12, 2002: This act provides $1 stronger, I have no doubt. immigration laws to ensure that sus- billion to State and local governments In addition, I want to honor the men pected terrorists are denied admission to improve planning and preparedness, and women in the armed forces, who into, or deported from, the United $450 million to the Centers for Disease have put their lives on the line in the States; three, authorized the sharing of Control (CDC) to upgrade their capac- last year to track down terrorists in intelligence and criminal information ities to deal with public health threats, caves and everywhere else they are hid- among law enforcement and intel- and $1 billion to expand our current na- ing. I honor the law enforcement offi- ligence agencies to ensure that all in- tional stockpiles of medicines and vac- cials all over this country, who protect formation is available for preventing cines. In addition, the act provides $200 further terrorist attacks; four, updated million to protect our food supply and our homeland every day. And I have law enforcement surveillance tools livestock and our drinking water from great respect for the newly hired men needed to investigate terrorists who terrorist contamination. and women of the Transportation Secu- use new communications and related The Terrorist Bombings Convention rity Administration, who are wearing technologies to conduct their terrorist Implementation Act, P.L. 107–197, en- the newest American uniform to ensure schemes; and, five, required criminal acted June 25, 2002: This act ratified the safety of our airports. background checks for commercial and implemented the International September 11th made us address our truck drivers transporting hazardous Convention for the Suppression of Ter- security vulnerabilities, but there is materials. rorist Bombings, a United Nations more work to be done. In the coming Emergency Supplemental Appropria- treaty that seeks to suppress terrorist months, on days that are less emo- tions for Recovery from and Response bombings and the financing of ter- tional than this anniversary, I hope we to Terrorist Attacks on the United rorism, and enhances our ability to ex- remain as strong and determined to States, P.L. 107–38, enacted September tradite individuals responsible for ter- win the war on terrorism. 18, 2001: This bill provided $40 billion to rorist bombings. Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, many support our country’s war against ter- While we have accomplished much, of us will spend a good deal of this day rorism, and provided substantial dis- there is still much to do. Since Sep- reflecting on what happened one year aster assistance and recovery funds. tember 11th, we all recognize that we ago in New York, Washington, DC, and Department of Homeland Security, live in a different and more dangerous Pennsylvania. The images of horror, H.R. 5005, pending before the Senate: world. We must unite in our continuing confusion and bravery that dominated This proposal is currently being consid- support for our country’s war against our television screens last September ered by the Senate would create a new terrorism; we live with an ongoing and will, once again, be refreshed in our Department of Homeland Security, serious threat to our society. We must minds. The raw emotion that we felt which would be responsible for pre- remain vigilant in protecting our way then will also be revisited. And, as is venting terrorist attacks, protecting of life and meeting the challenges our nature, we will, again, try to ra- our country’s infrastructure from at- ahead. tionalize why such tragedy befell our tacks, coordinating the review and I want to take a moment and offer Nation. But this effort will be futile, analysis of intelligence information my prayers and condolences for those because those who attacked us are among intelligence and law enforce- families and friends who lost loved filled with a hatred that is incompre- ment agencies, and coordinating re- ones on September 11th. Today we all hensible to American logic. Simply sponse efforts by federal and local re- join together, hand-in-hand, heart-in- put, for us, life is a precious gift of sponse agencies. heart, tear-in-tear, to share as a coun- God; to our enemy, it is utterly dispen- The Enhanced Border Security and try all of the pain of September 11th. sable. So how can we constructively Visa Entry Reform Act, P.L. 107–173, We recognize your terrible loss, we approach September 11, 2002? I believe September 11, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S8501 that Americans can do three things family of flight attendant Al As that day unhinged one year ago, today to accomplish a sense of healing. Marchand, a New Mexico native who we all struggled to answer the ques- The first step focuses on our chil- was one of the victims aboard United tions that raced through our heads: dren. No group was scarred as much by Airlines flight 175. It is difficult for the ‘‘Who is capable of such monstrous vio- the terrorist attacks as were they. urban rescue team that traveled from lence?’’ ‘‘Why would they do this to Their innocent view of the world did New Mexico to New York in hopes of us?’’ And like the families of the vic- not contemplate the kind of evil that finding survivors. But remembering tims, many of us sat at the end of that was perpetrated on September 11, 2001. those lost is a duty. Today, if we focus long day and wondered: ‘‘How do we go So for them, the images of crashing on our children, our communities and on from here?’’ planes, burning buildings, and crying the progress we have made in the last A deep sense of loss and uncertainty adults shattered their belief in a world year, we will honor the fallen as well as permeated the Nation in the weeks that was good and safe. Not only were re-energize ourselves for the struggle that followed the attacks. But in spite they frightened, they were also con- ahead. of the somber mood, we did what Amer- fused about why others wanted to hurt Before I end, I want to make note of icans do best. United as never before, us. Today, many children may experi- a poem I received from a young girl we found our resolve to forge ahead. We ence the same anxiety about terrorism from Los Alamos, New Mexico. The found strength by turning to family that they did one year ago; let us rec- title of the poem is ‘‘Who Am I,’’ and it and by turning to our neighbors. We re- ognize that and take a moment to reaf- reflects some of the very serious dedicated ourselves to the civic respon- firm to them that they are loved, that thoughts that the reality of terrorism sibility that is the cornerstone of free- they are protected, and that the good has forced upon our young people, dom. people in the world far outnumber the thoughts about humanity, and While memory remains scarred by bad. thoughts about whether peace can pre- the worst act of terrorism on American Secondly, be a patriot. This can be vail. I ask unanimous consent to print soil, the past year has been a time for accomplished in many ways. Flying the this poem in the RECORD. healing. Today, we continue to heal by flag is the most recognized. But telling There being no objection, the mate- remembering those who lost their lives a service-veteran that you appreciate rial was ordered to be printed in the on September 11. We remember the his or her sacrifice is equally valuable. RECORD, as follows: men and women who worked at the The civic heroes of September 11th, WHO AM I? World Trade Center, the military and firefighters and police officers, also de- A face, different from others around me. civilian personnel at the Pentagon, the serve our recognition for selflessly re- A name, unusual to outsiders, yet beautiful firefighters who did what they could to sponding to the needs of the country. in meaning. ease the tragedy, and the heroes of And acts such as giving blood, helping A voice, bold but not abrasive when spoken United Airlines Flight 93 who gave a neighbor in need or giving to a char- to the world. their lives to spare the Nation an even ity are just as patriotic. All these acts To my parents, I am their pride, their cour- larger loss. have the effect of uniting us behind a age. Each day that passes will bring us a common purpose and remind us that no To my teachers, I am a word of exquisite- bit closer to becoming whole again. ness. But we must all take time on this day enemy can weaken our moral fabric. Me: lucky and fortunate to be here and to Lastly, reflect back upon these words have what I have. to mourn those who lost their lives on spoken by President Bush last Sep- In my family I am the listener and the September 11 and honor the heroes who tember 20: ‘‘We will direct every re- speaker. saved so many lives. We must also keep source at our command—every means To my friends, I am the fun and happiness. in our thoughts the troops who are of diplomacy, every tool of intel- To my enemies, I am ignored like dust swept fighting overseas in defense of our na- ligence, every instrument of law en- away. tion. forcement, every financial influence, To many strangers, I am another face smil- Today is about remembrance, but to- and every necessary weapon of war—to ing in the crowd. morrow is always about the future. My mind is mature, but there is much I don’t Once again, we have to ask ourselves, the disruption and defeat of the global know. terror network.’’ This bold commit- I am a child in every way. ‘‘How do we go on from here?’’ And an- ment by the President signaled to all Successes come and go, and I’m sure there swer with certainty and strength. that the United States was entering a will be disappointments. America will not be deterred by ter- long struggle that would require our I dream about the future and what it brings. rorism. Instead we will celebrate what desire for action to be checked by pa- I always remember the good things and sel- it means to live as citizens of this tience. dom the bad. country and honor our continued re- Patience, of course, remains nec- I forget the days when I was little, and they sponsibility to advancing the freedoms essary, but we have achieved much in disappear into vast space. that are the hallmark of this country. People don’t understand my thoughts, my our initial response to last year’s at- culture, or sometimes, just me. Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, I tack. U.S. military action has unseated My frustration makes me want to be alone. rise today, on this somber occasion, to the Taliban government that once pro- Who am I? remember and honor the thousands of tected al-Qaida in Afghanistan, while I am a voice with laughter, thoughts and lives that were lost one year ago today terrorist training camps in that coun- opinion. in the tragic terrorist attacks on our try have been rendered inoperable. At A name with pride and courage. Nation. The United States will never home, Congress and the President are But most of all, a person waiting to fulfill a forget the horrific events that occurred working to establish a new Department life of wonders, dreams, and the happi- on what began as a peaceful morning of ness that comes with it. of Homeland Security to enhance co- Tuesday, September 11, 2001. The tran- ordination of our government’s anti- By Noopar Goyal, quility of that morning was shattered terror effort, both Chambers of Con- LOS ALAMOS, NEW MEXICO, by the evil acts of terrorists, filled gress have passed the largest defense MAY 2002. with hatred for our Nation and opposed budgets in our Nation’s history, and ex- Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, I rise to the ideals we treasure. With their traordinary effort has been made to today in remembrance of the events of terror, our Nation was plunged into improve air safety, intelligence gath- September 11, 2001. It hardly seems one of the darkest days of our history ering and counterterrorism methods. that it was one year ago that New York as thousands of Americans lost moth- To be sure, our war on terror is just be- City and Washington, D.C., awoke to ers and fathers, brothers and sisters, ginning, but we should remember that an astonishingly sunny late summer sons and daughters, friends and associ- American action since last year’s at- day whose calmness belied the tragic ates. tack has been strong and has yielded events that would come that morning. However, during this tragedy, the positive results. While the passage of time has contin- American spirit shined through that Contemplating what happened to our ued as it did before that day, our lives, darkness and continues today, as a bea- country one year ago is difficult for all our Nation, and the entire world have con to the world. It is that spirit, the of us. It is difficult for the friends and since been profoundly transformed. willingness to expend the last full S8502 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 11, 2002 measure of one’s life in service to oth- the pilots’ throats and then flew the den, just north of Dunseith, ND. The ers, that is the strength of our Nation. planes, passengers and all, into the name of the program is ‘‘Seeds of It is a power that grows as we are chal- buildings for the mad glory of killing Peace.’’ I have the optimism to believe lenged. It is a force which has helped infidels by the score.’’ that this is the perfect symbol to com- this Nation through difficult times and This North Dakotan’s anger and sor- memorate the first September 11 anni- will see us through these times as well. row also fuels my resolve. I feel resolve versary. On that dreadful day, the terrorists to continue working with members Mr. NELSON of Nebraska. Mr. Presi- failed miserably in their attempt to from both sides of the aisle and with dent, I am here on this day of remem- weaken our Nation. Their goal was des- our President to make sure we are brance to express on behalf of the Na- tined for failure, for America has faced doing everything in our power to pro- tional Funeral Directors Association adversity numeorus times before and tect North Dakotans and all Ameri- and all Nebraskans our heartfelt sor- has always emerged stronger. The acts cans. row for those who lost their loved ones of heroism and charity by Americans Over the past year, we have enacted on September 11, 2001. We Americans in New York City, at the Pentagon, vital anti-terrorism legislation, includ- can be proud to declare the continued over the skies of Pennsylvania, here in ing provisions I authored to shore up strength of our Union one year after Washington and across the Nation were our visa and border security laws. And this horrific act. extraordinary but not surprising. while we have paid more attention to The United States of America con- Today, I also honor the men and the challenges of protecting our 4,000 tinues to stand as a beacon of freedom women of our Armed Forces. They mile northern border from terrorist in- and opportunity for everyone, regard- serve around the world defending the filtration, I continue in my resolve to less of race, creed, or religious belief. freedoms we enjoy and securing the lib- focus the necessary attention and re- The United States of America was erty we cherish. I have stated many sources to get the job done right. founded on the fundamental principle times that the highest obligation of So, I feel sorrow, anger, and resolve, that all citizens have the inalienable American citizenship is to defend this but I also feel pride, pride in how our right of life, liberty, and the pursuit of country in time of need. Our citizens heroes performed that day in response happiness and the vitality of the have accepted that obligation, some to the attacks; pride in our police offi- United States of America is in the di- giving their all. Whether serving cers and firemen; pride in those risking versity of ideas, the freedom to express abroad or at home, the men and women their lives to save coworkers; and pride those ideas, and the opportunity to in uniform are performing in an out- in members of Flight 93 who lost their achieve one’s potential and direct one’s standing manner and deserve the ap- lives to save countless others. destiny. preciation and respect of all Ameri- I also feel pride at North Dakota’s These principles are absolute and will cans. own, the Happy Hooligans, who min- not be surrendered or weakened by the History will not forget the events of utes after the terrorist attacks took to cowardly acts of terrorists who are this day. Likewise, we must never for- the skies over Washington, protecting afraid of the sunshine of freedom and get the thousands of Americans to our Nation’s Capital at this most crit- the responsibility it brings. whom we pay tribute today. ical time. On this day we must continue our Mr. CONRAD. Mr. President, anni- I feel pride at the men and women in unity, which reaffirms the principles versaries are a time for reflection, and uniform, who have served and continue for which this country was founded and I wanted to take a few moments to to serve in Afghanistan and across the that on this day freedom shall ring share what emotions this North Dako- world, with the unfailing twin goals of from every community in this great tan is experiencing. eradicating global terrorism and pro- land and the voice of America will be First, I feel sorrow, I feel sorrow for tecting their fellow citizens. I feel heard around the world. the thousands of innocent victims and pride in the dedication of those reserv- Mr. TORRICELLI. Mr. President, we the scores and scores of families and ists who have put their lives on hold to will always remember where we were friends most directly and tragically af- serve our country. on this day, 1 year ago. As on other fected. Those murdered were fathers I also feel pride in our country, and it moments of tragedy in American his- and brothers, daughters and spouses; is certainly appropriate that Congress tory, September 11 will forever be in they were coworkers earning a living and the President agreed to designate our hearts and mind. For those who and supporting their families; they September 11 as ‘‘Patriot Day.’’ Sep- were lost, for those who gave of them- were best men in weddings, and moth- tember 11 brought out the best in our selves to save others. On that day, we ers flying home to see their children. fellow citizens and showed us again were all one. We were all Americans. They were also honorable Americans, why we are all so fortunate to be a part When we reflect upon a tragedy such as well as citizens from 86 countries of the greatest Nation on earth. Rather as this, there are many who come into around the world. The victims included than the disillusionment that the ter- our minds. We reflect upon the honored North Dakotan Ann Nelson. Ann was rorists hoped for, our country re- dead who we remember today, includ- the kind of daughter every parent sponded with renewed patriotism. ing the friends and family we lost. We wishes for, she was intelligent, caring, And finally, on this first anniversary think of our loved ones who are still adventurous, and had a real zest for of one of the darkest days in our coun- with us today. We remember all of the life. Ann was simply doing her job that try’s history, this North Dakotan feels firefighters, police and ordinary citi- day in the World Trade Center. Ann, optimism. In times of challenge, mo- zens who risked their lives to save peo- the pride and joy of Stanley, ND, didn’t ments of great opportunity also ple they often did not even know. We make it home from work that fateful present themselves. In this instance, reflect upon the members of our armed day. we stand at a critical time in our Na- forces who diligently work to protect When I think about Ann and her fam- tion’s and the world’s history, and the us from any future tragedy. ily and the other victims and their decisions we now make will influence On this solemn occasion, I would like loved ones, I also feel anger. One of my the shape of our world in the 21st cen- to take a brief moment to recognize home State newspapers, the Grand tury and beyond. the efforts of the members of the AFL– Forks Herald put it best, ‘‘Americans Will we live in a world of freedom or CIO on September 11 and its aftermath. should accept that at the core of their fear? Will democracy reign or will fa- Indeed, there were few others as af- grief is a white-hot fury and a sense of naticism retain its lure? Will our coun- fected by September 11 than the labor being outrageously wronged. . . . The try try to build a wall around ourselves community. The firefighters and police World Trade Center didn’t collapse in a or will we continue to be a beacon of who bravely sacrificed and risked their strong wind. The Pentagon didn’t fall freedom, democracy, and tolerance lives were union members. The labor- into a sinkhole from an abandoned around the world? ers, ironworkers, and operating engi- mine, and United Flight 93 didn’t crash Some fifth grade North Dakota stu- neers who helped dig for survivors in a Pennsylvania field because it ran dents are planning to commemorate while the fires still burned were union out of gas. No, those things happened the September 11 attacks by planting members. The nurses, doctors and because a band of terrorist fanatics slit trees at the International Peace Gar- EMTs who cared for the injured and September 11, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S8503 dying were union members. Those who We are resolved to uproot the terror September 11 to join my colleagues, as manned the ferries and fireboats that cells which may now be lurking in as well as the rest of the country, in a day transported both the survivors and the many as 60 countries, waiting for us to of reflection and remembrance. It is bodies of the victims across the harbor let down our guard so they can attack often said that time heals all wounds. were union members. Their efforts us at home or abroad. Working with Obviously, it is going to take an eter- greatly affected the lives of many. our allies around the world we are de- nity for the grief to subside for the In the aftermath, unions across termined to disrupt these cells by stop- families of the 3,000 people mass-mur- America started up blood drives and ping their funding and prosecuting dered last year, with the mental image the AFL–CIO Union Community Fund their members. We will also remain of commercial jetliners searing into along with dozens of local and inter- vigilant. To the best of our abilities, the national landmarks remaining national unions raised relief funds for we will take all precautions to deny fresh in our mind. If they do not, we the families and children who have these terrorists the opportunity to are reminded of it by watching TV this been left behind. strike again. very day and maybe all week. On this day of solemn remembrance, We are resolved not to succumb to Such horrific acts that happened a I want to recognize all of the sacrifices hate and to stereotyping of those who year ago today seemed impossible at of these valiant men and women. Their share ethnic or religious backgrounds that time. But, of course, all that has response to this tragedy was truly he- with the terrorists. One of the biggest changed. Now it is hard to understand roic. fears after September 11 was that there how such hate and extreme acts of hor- Mr. KOHL. Mr. President, today we would be a backlash in this country ror against humanity can take place. remember the terrible events of Sep- against those of Middle Eastern de- While the Federal Government is work- tember 11. A year has passed but for scent or against adherents of Islam. ing to beef up the military to protect those who lost loved ones or sustained While there were reports of hate our borders and to improve its intel- serious injuries in the terrorist attacks crimes, many Americans reached out ligence gathering, it is virtually impos- on the World Trade Center or at the to their Muslim or Middle Eastern sible to guarantee a risk-free environ- Pentagon, the pain is still fresh and neighbors to reassure them—whether ment in a free and open society that we the loss is still palpable. Losing a loved they were American citizens or just proudly claim as America. one is always difficult but to experi- residents that they should not feel at One year after the attacks, I am not ence loss as a result of a senseless act risk. While the heinous acts of Sep- so sure the American people really re- of terror can only compound the pain. tember 11 elicited many emotions, I member that we are in a war on ter- For Americans in general, the sheer was proud that most Americans recog- rorism. But the fact is, we are, and we number of lives lost on September 11 nized that taking our revenge against will be for some time to come. I pray was a national tragedy. Those of us those who had nothing to do with that we do not end up with a situation who did not lose friends and family Osama bin Laden would have sunk us in the Middle East that we see too also experienced loss on September 11, often on television where there are ran- albeit a loss of a different kind. to the level of the terrorists them- On September 11, we lost our sense of selves. dom suicide bombings. The risk exists personal safety. The idea that ter- The threat of terrorism does have the and Americans are not realistic if they rorism could strike Americans going potential to change the character of do not think of those things happening about their business, working in their our nation. Just as we are vigilant here like they might happen in Jeru- offices or taking a simple plane ride for about our physical security, we are re- salem. Terrorism has changed our way business or pleasure, has changed us solved not to let terrorism curtail our of life. We might be complacent about forever. Travel by air will never be the freedoms. We must not allow the war it and not want to realize it, but it is same post-September 11. And on a less on terror to infringe on the rights and here. And every one of us, then, has a tangible level, we are now cognizant liberties we hold dear. Terrorism will responsibility to remain vigilant. that in a free society like ours terror- not go away, but it will have succeeded The 1-year anniversary of September ists cannot truly be contained. The if we use it as an excuse to trample on 11 is an important reminder that the threat of terrorism may subside but it the Constitution. The wonderful out- war against terror has not yet be won. will never disappear. pouring of patriotism which occurred Considering the loss of human life, im- On September 11, we lost our sense of this past year was not just an expres- minent terrorist threats to our secu- trust. We have become more suspicious sion of national unity, it was a strong rity, and even our ailing economy, it is of those who want to enter our coun- statement that we cannot and will not not easy to look for the silver lining on try. The Federal officials who protect allow terrorism to undermine our the 1-year anniversary of the Sep- our borders and control access to our democratic way of life. tember 11 attacks. But remember what country continue on heightened alert, In the days after September 11, many the President said in the week after on the lookout for aspiring terrorists. Americans wondered how we would those attacks: The terrorists succeeded Our first responders, our local police carry on. And yet we have carried on. in tearing down bricks and mortar, but and fire officers, have been tasked to We have danced at weddings, rejoiced they failed to rock the foundation that survey our towns with a new eye and in new babies, and it is the brave fam- has kept America strong. have entrusted all of us with the unset- ily members of those who perished on A year later, America’s resilience can tling job of reporting suspicious activ- September 11 who have led the way: be seen from sea to shining sea. ity in our neighborhoods. the mothers who gave birth without September 11, 2001, ushered in a new Most of all, on September 11, we lost the presence of their husbands and the era. Notions of invincibility have been our sense of national security. The at- brides who walked down the aisle with- shattered. But the uncommon courage tacks of September 11 brought with out their fathers. This has been a dif- of first responders called to duty on them the realization that our robust ficult year, a year of inconceivable that day reflects the steadfast spirit of defenses, the biggest and best in the loss, but a year which has been marked our great Nation and our people called world, cannot protect us from terror- by resolve and a rededication to the Americans. Our resolve to pull to- ists. Our sophisticated planes, sub- ideals and principles upon which our gether and to stand united against evil marines, and missiles cannot deter a Nation was founded. immediately resurrected the principles terrorist attack, and cannot protect us Mr. REID. Mr. President, I know Sen- on which this country was founded from the unconventional attacks we ator JEFFORDS and Senator GRASSLEY some 226 years ago. Despite the at- now know the al-Qaida terrorists were are here. We are going to go out before tacks, attacks defined to pit fear contemplating . 4 p.m. today, the reason being we have against freedom, the United States of Today, however, is not just a day to services for the Senate family, but that America is yet stronger than ever. reflect on loss. Just as the stories of gives adequate time for everyone. Like the rest of the country, law- those who experienced personal loss on The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- makers in Washington, DC, dropped September 11 have evolved into stories ator from Iowa. partisan pretense, worked quickly to of determination to carry on, our Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, I rise assist survivors, backed recovery ef- losses are tempered by resolve. today on this 1 year anniversary of forts, ensured the safety of the flying S8504 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 11, 2002 public, and got the economy rolling project for the victims, particularly in amazed that literally overnight FEMA again. The 107th Congress threw its New York City, to generous charitable had established a well-coordinated Fed- support behind the President to root cash donations, and to those serving in eral response at the Pentagon. Vir- out the terrorist networks responsible our military, Iowans are proud, com- ginia, Maryland, and other first re- for the attacks, realizing the war in Af- passionate Americans. Many agree that sponders came—from as far away as ghanistan is probably only one of many the tragedy a year ago has renewed a Nebraska. As soon as possible, they battles to be fought and hopefully won. sense of civic duty, patriotism, and ap- were all working, as coordinated as I Thanks to courageous service men preciation for the U.S. military. There have ever seen. and women, the al-Qaida network has is a spirit of all-for-one and one-for-all, As soon as possible after that, I trav- been largely dismantled from its base as we wear, display, and decorate with eled to the World Trade Center—again in Afghanistan but not elsewhere. That all things red, white, and blue. to take a look at FEMA’s response. evil continues to lurk in other regions With this 1-year anniversary, I join Again, I was overwhelmed by the orga- of our world. And with the security of my colleagues in reflection and remem- nizational capacity of FEMA and the the American people first and foremost brance. While we go about our daily fine work being done by that agency’s in our mind, the President has worked business, we can consider the tragic men and women, under the guidance of to leave no stone unturned. That in- loss in human life and the acts of her- FEMA Director Joe Allbaugh. There, cludes creating a new Cabinet-level De- oism by brave defenders. In the weeks on the piers of Manhattan, FEMA had partment of Homeland Security and and years ahead, we can continue to quickly created a disaster field office keeping Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein work for the betterment of our commu- that was a small city unto itself. Thou- from unleashing weapons of mass de- nities. We can donate blood, pray for sands of workers from around the coun- struction against the United States or the victims and their families, support try came together to bring calm and other places within our world. emergency workers, and give thanks order to an otherwise chaotic situa- The President needs to make the case for the precious freedoms we enjoy tion. to the American people, to Congress, every day. Visiting the Pentagon this morning and our allies abroad, and he will do We cannot erase the sorrow and suf- brought back a flood of memories for that hopefully within 48 hours, and do fering brought by September 11, but me about my own visits to the Pen- it in a way that says freedom and peace with our actions each one of us can tagon and the World Trade Center. will remain at risk, as he explains it, make America stronger. Just days after those attacks, I vividly until rogue dictators and others who I remember this day especially Miss remember the sights and sounds and harbor terrorists and finance their evil Kincade, from Waverly, IA, who was on smells. The devastation I witnessed acts are no longer able to do those the plane that hit the Pentagon. She was incredible, and difficult to put into things. was an intern in my office in 1984. words. Thousands of people lost their This month, the Senate is debating I remember Mr. Edward V. lives due to the cruel and cunning acts the proposal to realign the Federal Rowenhorst, whom I did not know but of evil perpetrated by a few. The vic- Government’s infrastructure and oper- I know his brother who goes to my tims of these attacks were men, ations charged with thwarting acts of church in Cedar Falls, IA. He was in women, and children, people with well- terrorism. I am working to make sure the Pentagon working. laid plans for their pleasant futures. Although I left both the Pentagon the new Department helps to solve the I remember traveling to a ceremony and the World Trade Center with a shortcomings exposed by September 11 last Veterans Day in Anamosa, IA, heavy heart, I also left with a profound and not create new ones. where they honored one of their own sense of gratitude for the gallant ef- Many recall the patriotism displayed who was also killed in the Pentagon 1 forts of these rescuers and volunteers by native Iowan Coleen Rowley, who year ago today. who tirelessly, and mostly anony- blew the whistle on bureaucratic bun- So Iowans, as most people in most mously, worked in places reserved only gling at the FBI. I will work in this bill States, have victims to remember. I re- for the Ground Zero heroes. to see that new Department employees member them. In the year following the attacks, I are guaranteed strong whistleblower I yield the floor. have spoken with many people, protections and to strengthen account- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Vermonters and others, about the at- ability within the intelligence commu- ator from Vermont. tack. We have all expressed profound Mr. JEFFORDS. Mr. President, I rise nity. These protections for whistle- sadness for our Nation’s great loss. blowers are very important to make to speak in morning business. They have also left me with the con- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without sure our intelligence community and fidence that freedom will prevail, that objection, it is so ordered. the homeland security is working for good will triumph over evil, that these Mr. JEFFORDS. Mr. President, today the good of the American people and to horrible attacks cannot break our re- we as a nation commemorate a most see the statutory requirements are car- solve to stand together as free Ameri- unfortunate milestone, the 1-year anni- ried out. cans. When the Department of Homeland versary of the tragic attack of Sep- Abraham Lincoln once said: Security bill is up, I will make sure tember 11, a day that will sadly live in Freedom is the last best hope of Earth. that hard-working taxpayers’ money is infamy. Since that time, much has Time is a great healer. The passage not wasted with this new Federal agen- been said and written about the ter- of time has brought thoughtful recol- cy. rible events of that day. lection. The passage of time has not One year later, after September 11, As we reflect on the events of the dulled my recollection of what I saw life goes on in America. It is not the past year, I would like to commend the and felt in those days following Sep- same as it was a year ago. Life is not thousands of rescue workers, volun- tember 11. For me, this healing process as secure or risk free as we once teers, and countless others who helped has brought a renewed commitment to thought it was—and maybe we should rebuild our Nation in the months fol- move forward with the hope that free- not have thought that it was, but we lowing the attacks. In particular, I dom prevails. did. Air travelers deal with tightened would like to especially commend the In closing, I would also like to pay security measures at the Nation’s air- work of the Federal Emergency Man- tribute to the work of the Vermont Air ports. People are staying closer to agement Agency, fondly known as and National Guard, which did an out- home, flying less. Ordinary Americans FEMA. standing job of protecting our skies and law enforcement officials do not To give some background, on August and our borders and our airports in the hesitate to report suspicious activity. 15, 2001, I became chairman of the Envi- days after September 11. When our Na- For many, it has enhanced common ronment and Public Works Committee, tion was most in need, we pulled to- courtesies and boosted greater appre- which has jurisdiction over FEMA. A gether successfully to bring this Na- ciation for the simpler things of life. short month later, terrorists attacked tion into a position where it feels se- Iowans deserve a lot of credit for the Pentagon and the World Trade Cen- cure and with hope for the future. their outpouring of support in the last ter. Later that day, following the at- I yield the floor and suggest the ab- year. From a remarkable quilt-making tacks, I visited the Pentagon. I was sence of a quorum. September 11, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S8505 The PRESIDING OFFICER. The I would like to describe a terrible other purposes, and agrees to the con- clerk will call the roll. crime that occurred September 2, 2002 ference asked by the Senate on the dis- The legislative clerk proceeded to in Shelton, CT. A 42 year old gay man agreeing votes of the two Houses there- call the roll. was beaten at a Labor Day party. The on; and appoints the following Mem- Mr. REID Mr. President, I ask unani- three attackers made derogatory re- bers as the managers of the conference mous consent that the order for the marks about the victim’s sexual ori- on the part of the House: Mr. HOBSON, quorum call be rescinded. entation and then assaulted him, Mr. WALSH, Mr. MILLER of Florida, Mr. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without breaking his facial bones and ribs. Po- ADERHOLT, Ms. GRANGER, Mr. GOODE, objection, it is so ordered. lice are investigating the incident as a Mr. SKEEN, Mr. VITTER, Mr. YOUNG of f hate crime. Florida, Mr. OLVER, Mr. EDWARDS, Mr. THE SILVER ROSE I believe that government’s first duty FARR of California, Mr. BOYD, Mr. is to defend its citizens, to defend them DICKS, and Mr. OBEY. Mr. NELSON of Nebraska. Mr. Presi- dent, I am here today to thank Gary against the harms that come out of Under the authority of the Senate of Chenett, Diane Rey, and John hate. The Local Law Enforcement En- January 3, 2001, the Secretary of the Schniedermeier. They are responsible hancement Act of 2001 is now a symbol Senate, on September 6, 2002, during for awarding The Silver Rose to our that can become substance. I believe the recess of the Senate, received a veterans in Nebraska. The Order of The that by passing this legislation and message from the House of Representa- Silver Rose was established in 1997 by changing current law, we can change tives announcing that the House has Mary Elizabeth Marchand. Her father, hearts and minds as well. passed the following concurrent resolu- Chief Hospital Corpsman Frank Davis, f tion, in which it requests the concur- rence of the Senate: died from illnesses resulting from the MESSAGES FROM THE HOUSE use of Agent Orange in the Vietnam H. Con. Res. 464. Concurrent resolution ex- War. He was a combat veteran; how- At 3:15 p.m., a message from the pressing the sense of the Congress on the an- ever, he was not wounded in combat, House of Representatives, delivered by niversary of the terrorist attacks launched Ms. Niland, one of its reading clerks, against the United States on September 11, but was exposed to a dangerous sub- 2001. stance while fighting for his country announced that the House has passed that took his life many years later. the following bills, without amend- f The Department of Defense has de- ment: MEASURES REFERRED termined that Chief Davis and many S. 2810. An act to amend the Communica- The following concurrent resolution tions Satellite Act of 1962 to extend the like him do not qualify for The Purple was read, and referred as indicated: Heart. It is the mission of The Order of deadline for the INTELSAT initial public of- The Silver Rose organization to recog- fering. H. Con. Res. 320. Concurrent resolution ex- The message also announced that the pressing the sense of Congress regarding nize the courage, heroism, and con- scleroderma; to the Committee on Health, tributions of American service per- House has passed the following bill, in Education, Labor, and Pensions. sonnel found to have been exposed to which it requests the concurrence of f Agent Orange in a combat zone. I am the Senate: sure that as time passes, they will ex- H.R. 3880. An act to provide a temporary MEASURES READ THE FIRST TIME pand their focus to members who have waiver from certain transportation con- The following bill was read the first died from other conflicts. formity requirements and metropolitan time: The Order of The Silver Rose gives transportation planning requirements under the Clean Air Act and under other laws for S. 2924. A bill to authorize the President to many veterans the satisfaction that award posthumously the Congressional Gold they are being recognized for giving certain areas in New York where the plan- ning offices and resources have been de- Medal to the passengers and crew of United their Nation the ultimate sacrifice. stroyed by acts of terrorism, and for other Airlines Flight 93 in the aftermath of the There are thousands of veterans who purposes. terrorist attack on the United States on Sep- served this country faithfully and now tember 11, 2001. The message further announced that find themselves in poor health, some the House has agreed to the following f fatal health, directly due to being ex- concurrent resolution, in which it re- REPORTS OF COMMITTEES posed to harmful substances during quests the concurrence of the Senate: war. The following reports of committees Gary Chenett, Diane Rey, and John H. Con. Res. 320. Concurrent resolution ex- were submitted: pressing the sense of the Congress regarding Schniedermeier have awarded eleven By Mr. BINGAMAN, from the Committee scleroderma. Nebraskans with The Silver Rose, I on Energy and Natural Resources, with an would like to honor them today, they The message also announced that the amendment: are: Raymond D. Todorovich of Omaha; House disagrees to the amendment of S. 1943: A bill to expand the boundary of Edgar Fleherty of Omaha; Randy E. the Senate to the bill (H.R. 5010) mak- the George Washington Birthplace National ing appropriations for the Department Monument, and for other purposes. (Rept. Holke of Fremont; John No. 107–267). Schniedermeier of Omaha; Ronald R. of Defense for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2003, and for other pur- S. 1999: A bill to reauthorize the Mni Charles of Omaha; Terry H. Greenwell Wiconi Rural Water Supply Project. (Rept. of Omaha; David C. Smith of Firth; Jo- poses, and agrees to the conference No. 107–268). seph E. Stillwell of Omaha; Roy R. asked by the Senate on the disagreeing By Mr. BINGAMAN, from the Committee Rogers of Fremont; Albert W. Kowalski votes of the two Houses thereon; and on Energy and Natural Resources, with an of Omaha; Gilbert J. Styskal, Jr. of appoints the following Members as the amendment in the nature of a substitute: Omaha. managers of the conference on the part S. 2388: A bill to direct the Secretary of the On behalf of Nebraska, I thank these of the House: Mr. LEWIS of California, Interior to study certain sites in the historic Mr. YOUNG of Florida, Mr. SKEEN, Mr. district of Beaufort, South Carolina, relating brave patriots for their sacrifices. to the Reconstruction Era. (Rept. No. 107– HOBSON, Mr. BONILLA, Mr. NETHERCUTT, f 269). Mr. CUNNINGHAM, Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN, LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT ACT By Mr. BINGAMAN, from the Committee Mr. TIAHRT, Mr. MURTHA, Mr. DICKS, on Energy and Natural Resources, without OF 2001 Mr. SABO, Mr. VISCLOSKY, Mr. MORAN of amendment: Mr. SMITH of Oregon. Mr. President, Virginia, and Mr. OBEY. H.R. 1712: To authorize the Secretary of I rise today to speak about hate crimes The message further announced that the Interior to make adjustments to the legislation I introduced with Senator the House disagrees to the amendment boundary of the National Park of American KENNEDY in March of last year. The of the Senate to the bill (H.R. 5011) Samoa to include certain portions of the is- Local Law Enforcement Act of 2001 making appropriations for military lands of Ofu and Olosega within the park, and for other purposes. (Rept. No. 107–270). would add new categories to current construction, family housing, and base H.R. 1870: A bill to provide for the sale of hate crimes legislation sending a sig- realignment and closure for the De- certain real property within the Newlands nal that violence of any kind is unac- partment of Defense for the fiscal year Project in Nevada, to the city of Fallon, Ne- ceptable in our society. ending September 30, 2003, and for vada. (Rept. No. 107–271). S8506 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 11, 2002 H.R. 1906: A bill to amend the Act that es- peal the medicare outpatient rehabili- NOTICES OF HEARINGS/MEETINGS tablished the Pu’uhonua O Honaunau Na- tation therapy caps. COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE, NUTRITION, AND tional Historical Park to expand the bound- FORESTRY aries of that park. (Rept. No. 107–272). S. 2480 H.R. 2109: To authorize the Secretary of At the request of Mr. LEAHY, the Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I would the Interior to conduct a special resource name of the Senator from Louisiana like to announce that the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and For- study of Virginia Key Beach Park in Bis- (Ms. LANDRIEU) was added as a cospon- cayne Bay, Florida, for possible inclusion in sor of S. 2480, a bill to amend title 18, estry will conduct a hearing on Sep- the National Park System. (Rept. No. 107– tember 17, 2002 in SR–328A at 10:00 a.m. 273). United States Code, to exempt quali- fied current and former law enforce- The purpose of this hearing will be to By Mr. BINGAMAN, from the Committee discuss implementation of the 2002 ment officers from state laws prohib- on Energy and Natural Resources, with Farm Bill. amendments: iting the carrying of concealed hand- H.R. 2385: A bill to convey certain property guns. COMMITTEE ON INDIAN AFFAIRS to the city of St. George, Utah, in order to Mr. INOUYE. Mr. President, I would S. 2613 provide for the protection and preservation like to announce that the Committee of certain rare paleontological resources on At the request of Mr. LIEBERMAN, the on Indian Affairs will meet on Thurs- that property, and for other purposes. (Rept. name of the Senator from Virginia (Mr. day, September 12, 2002, at 10:00 a.m. in No. 107–274). WARNER) was added as a cosponsor of S. Room 485 of the Russell Senate Office By Mr. BINGAMAN, from the Committee 2613, a bill to amend section 507 of the Building to conduct an oversight hear- on Energy and Natural Resources, without Omnibus Parks and Public Lands Man- ing on successful strategies for Indian amendment: agement Act of 1996 to authorize addi- reservation development and the les- H.R. 3048: A bill to resolve the claims of Cook Inlet Region, Inc., to lands adjacent to tional appropriations for historically sons that can be learned from devel- the Russian River in the State of Alaska. black colleges and universities, to de- oping country and other Indian tribal (Rept. No. 107–275). crease the cost-sharing requirement re- economies. f lating to the additional appropriations, Those wishing additional information and for other purposes. may contact the Indian Affairs Com- INTRODUCTION OF BILLS AND mittee at 224–2251. S. 2633 JOINT RESOLUTIONS COMMITTEE ON INDIAN AFFAIRS At the request of Mr. BIDEN, the The following bills and joint resolu- Mr. INOUYE. Mr. President, I would name of the Senator from South Caro- tions were introduced, read the first like to announce that the Committee lina (Mr. THURMOND) was added as a co- and second times by unanimous con- on Indian Affairs will meet on Tuesday, sponsor of S. 2633, a bill to prohibit an sent, and referred as indicated: September 17, 2002, at 10:00 a.m. in individual from knowingly opening, Room 485 of the Russell Senate Office By Mr. TORRICELLI: maintaining, managing, controlling, S. 2923. A bill to amend the Public Health Building to conduct a hearing on S. Service Act to provide for the development renting, leasing, making available for 1392, a bill to establish procedures for and operation of centers to conduct research use, or profiting from any place for the the Bureau of Indian Affairs of the De- with respect to infertility prevention, and purpose of manufacturing, distributing, partment of the Interior with respect for other purposes; to the Committee on or using any controlled substance, and to tribal recognition, and on S. 1393, a Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. for other purposes. bill to provide grants to ensure full and By Mr. SPECTER (for himself, Mr. AL- S. 2741 fair participation in certain decision- LARD, Mr. ALLEN, Mr. BAYH, Mr. BEN- NETT, Mr. BIDEN, Mr. BOND, Mrs. At the request of Mr. GRASSLEY, the making processes at the Bureau of In- BOXER, Mr. BREAUX, Mr. BUNNING, name of the Senator from North Da- dian Affairs. Mr. BURNS, Ms. CANTWELL, Mrs. kota (Mr. CONRAD) was added as a co- Those wishing additional information CARNAHAN, Mr. CARPER, Mr. CHAFEE, sponsor of S. 2741, a bill to amend title may contact the Indian Affairs Com- Mr. CLELAND, Mrs. CLINTON, Mr. 38, United States Code, to improve pro- mittee at 224–2251. COCHRAN, Ms. COLLINS, Mr. CONRAD, cedures for the determination of the in- f Mr. CORZINE, Mr. CRAPO, Mr. DAYTON, Mr. DOMENICI, Mr. DORGAN, Mr. DUR- ability of veterans to defray expenses EXECUTIVE SESSION BIN, Mr. EDWARDS, Mr. ENSIGN, Mr. of necessary medical care, and for ENZI, Mr. FEINGOLD, Mrs. FEINSTEIN, other purposes. EXECUTIVE CALENDAR Mr. FITZGERALD, Mr. GRASSLEY, Mr. S. 2892 HARKIN, Mr. HELMS, Mr. HOLLINGS, Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask unan- At the request of Mr. KENNEDY, the Mr. HUTCHINSON, Mrs. HUTCHISON, Mr. imous consent that the Senate proceed name of the Senator from Connecticut INHOFE, Mr. INOUYE, Mr. JEFFORDS, to executive session to consider Execu- Mr. JOHNSON, Mr. KENNEDY, Mr. (Mr. DODD) was added as a cosponsor of tive Calendar No. 1008, Denny Wade KERRY, Mr. KOHL, Ms. LANDRIEU, Mr. S. 2892, a bill to provide economic secu- King, to be United States Marshal; LEVIN, Mrs. LINCOLN, Mr. MCCAIN, rity for America’s workers. Mr. MCCONNELL, Ms. MIKULSKI, Mr. that the nomination be confirmed, the MILLER, Mr. MURKOWSKI, Mr. NELSON S. 2922 motion to reconsider be laid on the of Florida, Mr. NELSON of Nebraska, At the request of Ms. LANDRIEU, the table; that the President be imme- Mr. NICKLES, Mr. REED, Mr. REID, Mr. names of the Senator from Massachu- diately notified of the Senate’s action, ROBERTS, Mr. ROCKEFELLER, Mr. setts (Mr. KENNEDY), the Senator from and that any statements relating SANTORUM, Mr. SCHUMER, Mr. SES- South Dakota (Mr. JOHNSON), and the thereto be printed in the RECORD. SIONS, Ms. SNOWE, Mr. THOMAS, Mr. Senator from Connecticut (Mr. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without THOMPSON, Mr. TORRICELLI, Mr. WAR- LIEBERMAN) were added as cosponsors objection, it is so ordered. NER, Mr. WELLSTONE, and Mr. The nomination was considered and WYDEN): of S. 2922, a bill to facilitate the de- S. 2924. A bill to authorize the President to ployment of wireless telecommuni- confirmed, as follows: award posthumously the Congressional Gold cations networks in order to further DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Medal to the passengers and crew of United the availability of the Emergency Denny Wade King, of Tennessee, to be Airlines Flight 93 in the aftermath of the Alert System, and for other purposes. United States Marshal for the Middle Dis- terrorist attack on the United States on Sep- trict of Tennessee for the term of four years. tember 11, 2001; read the first time. S. RES. 306 NOMINATION DISCHARGED f At the request of Mr. BROWNBACK, the Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask unan- name of the Senator from Georgia (Mr. imous consent that the Commerce ADDITIONAL COSPONSORS MILLER) was added as a cosponsor of S. Committee be discharged from further S. 1394 Res. 306, a resolution expressing the consideration of the nomination of At the request of Mr. ENSIGN, the sense of the Senate concerning the con- Marion Blakey to be Administrator of name of the Senator from Missouri tinuous repression of freedoms within the Federal Aviation Administration; (Mrs. CARNAHAN) was added as a co- Iran and of individual human rights that the Senate proceed to its imme- sponsor of S. 1394, a bill to amend title abuses, particularly with regard to diate consideration; that the nomina- XVIII of the Social Security Act to re- women. tion be confirmed; that the motion to September 11, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S8507 reconsider be laid upon the table; that provide for those who were attacked and to on a day we will never forget. There any statements thereon be printed in protect those who remained; may come a day when we must again the RECORD; that the President be im- Whereas Americans continue to repair look ahead to threats to our Nation mediately notified of the Senate’s ac- damage to buildings and the economy, while that lie on or beyond the horizon. I am relishing the freedoms they enjoy as Ameri- tion; and that the Senate resume legis- cans; confident that when that time comes, lative session with the preceding occur- Whereas on September 14, 2001, in Public Congress will again act in a bipartisan ring without any intervening action or Law 107–40, Congress authorized the use of fashion to take the steps needed to debate. ‘‘all necessary and appropriate force’’ keep America strong, and Americans The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without against those responsible for the terrorist at- safe. objection, it is so ordered. tacks; But today, as we walk the path from The nomination was considered and Whereas the United States Armed Forces remembrance to recovery, this resolu- confirmed, as follows: subsequently moved swiftly against Al Qaeda tion says what we all know in our DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION and the Taliban regime in Afghanistan, whom the President and Congress had identi- hearts: We will never forget. Marion C. Blakey, of Mississippi, to be Ad- fied as enemies of America; f ministrator of the Federal Aviation Admin- Whereas, in so doing, brave servicemen and istration for the term of five years. ORDERS FOR THURSDAY, women left family and friends in order to de- f fend the Nation; SEPTEMBER 12, 2002 LEGISLATIVE SESSION Whereas a year later, many servicemen Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask unan- and women remain abroad, shielding the Na- imous consent that when the Senate tion from further terrorist attacks; completes its business today, it ad- SENSE OF THE CONGRESS ON THE Whereas, while the passage of a year has journ until the hour of 9:45 a.m. tomor- ANNIVERSARY OF THE TER- not softened the memory of the American people, resolved their grief, or restored lost row, September 12; that following the RORIST ATTACKS LAUNCHED loved ones, it has shown that Americans will prayer and the pledge, the Journal of AGAINST THE UNITED STATES not bow to terrorists; proceedings be approved to date, the Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask unan- Whereas the Congress has passed, and the morning hour be deemed expired, the imous consent that when the Senate President has signed, numerous laws pro- time for the two leaders be reserved for receives from the House H. Con. Res. viding additional resources for the overseas their use later in the day, and the Sen- 464, a concurrent resolution regarding effort against terrorism, as well as addi- ate proceed to executive session to con- tional tools for Federal, State, and local law sider Calendar No. 960, with the time the anniversary of the terrorist attack, enforcement and judicial systems to protect the preamble and the concurrent reso- Americans at home; and until 10 a.m. equally divided between lution be agreed to; that any state- Whereas the Government reexamined the Senators LEAHY and HATCH—that ments thereon be printed in the need for domestic security and the Congress would be prior to the vote on that nom- RECORD; and the motion to reconsider is currently considering legislation to create ination—with no intervening action; be laid upon the table, provided that it a Department of Homeland Security with the further, that it be in order to request is identical to the resolution that I ask specific mission of preventing further at- the yeas and nays on the nomination at tacks. be printed in the RECORD following the this time. granting of this request. Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, what The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without we saw happen to our country 1 year objection? objection, it is so ordered. ago today will be forever etched in our Without objection, it is so ordered. The resolution (H. Con. Res. 464), memories. Several of our colleagues Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask for with its preamble, reads as follows: have taken time here on the floor the yeas and nays. H. CON. RES. 464 today to reflect on that horrible day. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a Whereas on September 11, 2001, while Though our Nation was wounded sufficient second? Americans were attending to their daily rou- deeply that day, we learned a great There appears to be a sufficient sec- tines, terrorists hijacked and destroyed four deal about ourselves—and that has ond. civilian aircraft, crashing two of them into made our country stronger. The cour- The yeas and nays were ordered. the towers of the World Trade Center in New age of the first responders, the valor of Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask unan- York City, and a third into the Pentagon the passengers on flight 93, the imous consent that following the dis- outside Washington, D.C.; strength of the families of the victims, Whereas the valor of the passengers and position of the nomination, the motion crew on the fourth aircraft prevented it from the character of our armed forces, and to reconsider be laid upon the table, also being used as a weapon against America; the generosity of Americans from each any statements thereon be printed in Whereas thousands of innocent Americans and every State in the Union have the RECORD, the President be imme- were killed and injured as a result of these shown to terrorists, and to the world, diately notified of the Senate’s action, attacks, including the passengers and crew that America is strong and will not and the Senate return to legislative of the four aircraft, workers in the World bow to terror. session and resume consideration of Trade Center and in the Pentagon, rescue H. Con. Res. 464 is a small tribute to the Interior appropriations bill. workers, and bystanders, making these at- each of these heroes. It spells out, in tacks the deadliest terrorist attacks ever The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without launched against the United States; broad bipartisan fashion, Congress’s objection, it is so ordered. Whereas when the gravest moments came, memory for lost loved ones, our deep f many regular Americans, relying on courage, admiration for the families of these in- instinct, and grace, rushed toward the flam- nocent victims, our respect for the PROGRAM ing buildings in order to rescue or toward work of our first responders and armed Mr. REID. Mr. President, the next terrorist-controlled cockpits in order to re- forces, and our resolve to find and rollcall vote will occur tomorrow sist; bring to justice those responsible for morning at 10 o’clock on the confirma- Whereas by targeting symbols of American the attacks. tion of Timothy Corrigan to be a strength and success, these attacks clearly were intended to assail the principles, val- That resolve was made clear on Sep- United States District Judge for the ues, and freedoms of the United States and tember 14, 2001, when we overwhelm- Middle District of Florida. the American people, intimidate the Nation, ingly passed S.J. Res. 23. In that reso- Following that vote, the Senate will and weaken the national resolve; lution, we granted the President the resume consideration of the Interior Whereas while the States of New York, authority to pursue the nations, people Appropriations Act. But at noon, the Virginia, and Pennsylvania bore the brunt of or organizations who perpetrated the Senate will resume consideration of the terrorist attacks, every State and Terri- September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on the homeland security bill. tory and all Americans were affected and the United States in order to prevent mourned these tragic losses; f Whereas Americans reached out to help any future acts of international ter- rorism against the United States by ADJOURNMENT UNTIL 9:45 A.M. strangers who had lost loved ones, col- TOMORROW leagues, and their businesses; such nations, people, or organizations. Whereas local, State, and Federal leaders With today’s resolution, we look Mr. REID. Mr. President, if there is set aside differences and worked together to back at the horror and the hope we saw no further business to come before the S8508 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 11, 2002 Senate, I ask unanimous consent the CONFIRMATIONS DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Senate stand in adjournment under the DENNY WADE KING, OF TENNESSEE, TO BE UNITED previous order. Executive nominations confirmed by STATES MARSHAL FOR THE MIDDLE DISTRICT OF TEN- There being no objection, the Senate, the Senate September 11, 2002: NESSEE FOR THE TERM OF FOUR YEARS. MARION C. BLAKEY, OF MISSISSIPPI, TO BE ADMINIS- at 3:46 p.m., adjourned until Thursday, TRATOR OF THE FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION September 12, 2002, at 9:45 a.m. FOR THE TERM OF FIVE YEARS.