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Khulna Bangladesh.Pdf Executive Summary Urban transport is challenged by different sustainability issues and among them traffic congestion, fatality, safety, affordability, GHG emission from transport, and use of nonrenewable energy are major issues. In accordance with the adoption of the 2030 Agenda of Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development (SDGs) the concern about transport sustainability is increasing around the globe. Currently there is no comprehensive method to evaluate the existing status of urban transport sustainability for the Asia and Pacific until UN ESCAP developed SUTI. Khulna is the 3rd largest administrative headquarter of Bangladesh. The city has one of the oldest systems of transportation in the country and yet not meeting the demand of the city dwellers. This study was undertaken to analyze and identify the present condition of urban transport systems and services based on Sustainable Urban Transport Index (SUTI) developed by the UN ESCAP. In Khulna city the SUTI value in terms of transport plan is not good as because the city has no specific transport plan and the Master Plan of the Khulna city has very little coverage of walking network and expansion of public transport modes and unfortunately with no coverage for bicycling facilities. The traffic fatality value (1.7) for SUTI Khulna can be rated as good as well as greenhouse gas emission per capita is very little (0.063 tons/annum). The air quality of the city is not that poor with an annual mean 107 µg/m3 for PM 10 while the WHO standard for Bangladesh is 150 µg/m3. The city bus carries only 2% share of the daily commuting trips. The modal share of the active and public transport is poor (only 28%). This indicates that the public transport services in Khulna city is unsatisfactory. Walking trips share indicates a very interesting result that 21% of the commuting trips are made on walk which means proper facilitation of the pedestrian facilities will increase the share of walking trips in the city. The city dwellers are quite happy with the issue of transport quality and reliability (69.55% people are satisfied). Around 9.96% of the family income is spent on transport purposes in Khulna city which represents that the public transport is quite affordable to the city dwellers. Easy Bike is a battery-operated three-wheeler with a seating capacity of 6 passengers and Mahindra is a petrol operated three-wheeler which has passenger capacity of 5 persons. In Khulna city Easy Bike is the most popular mode of transportation with the highest spatial coverage. Around 87.74% of the people are living within the 500 m buffer zones area (if Easy Bike is considered) which indicates very high accessibility level but without Easy Bike only 51.59% of the people are living within the public transport buffer zones. Table of Contents Pages Table of Contents .................................................................................................................i List of Abbreviations .................................................................................................... iv List of Tables ...................................................................................................................... v List of Figures ..................................................................................................................... v 1 Chapter One: Introduction .................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Study Area ............................................................................................................................. 3 1.3 Aim and Objectives of the Study ......................................................................................... 6 2 Chapter Two: Existing Condition of Urban Transport System and Services in Khulna City .................................................................................................8 2.1 Existing Transport Situation of Khulna City ..................................................................... 9 2.1.1 Trip Distribution by Purpose ....................................................................................... 9 2.1.2 Major Transport Modes ............................................................................................. 12 2.1.3 Road Transport Network ........................................................................................... 14 2.1.4 Key Connection Points ................................................................................................ 18 Road Connectivity ....................................................................................................................... 18 Rail Connectivity ......................................................................................................................... 20 2.1.5 Major Transportation Issues ..................................................................................... 21 Traffic Congestion ...................................................................................................................... 21 Environmental Perspective/condition ....................................................................................... 23 Financial Perspective .................................................................................................................. 23 Organizational Perspective/Setup ............................................................................................. 24 2.1.6 Infrastructure and Land Use ..................................................................................... 24 2.1.7 Existing Urban Transport Policies ............................................................................ 26 2.1.8 Ongoing Transport Projects ...................................................................................... 26 3 Chapter Three: Indicator Wise Data Collection Approaches for SUTI in Khulna City .................................................................................................... 27 3.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 28 3.2 Indicator Wise Data Collection Approaches SUTI, Khulna ........................................... 28 3.2.1 Indicator 1: Extent to which Transport Plans Cover Public Transport, Intermodal Facilities and Infrastructure for Active Modes .................................................... 29 i 3.2.2 Indicator 2: Modal Share of Active and Public Transport in Commuting ............ 30 3.2.3 Indicator 3: Convenient Access to Public Transport Service ................................. 30 3.2.4 Indicator 4: Public Transport Quality and Reliability ............................................ 31 3.2.5 Indicator 5: Traffic Fatalities Per 100.000 Inhabitants ........................................... 32 3.2.6 Indicator 6: Affordability – Travel Costs as Part of Income .................................. 32 3.2.7 Indicator 7: Operational Costs of the Public Transport System ............................ 33 3.2.8 Indicator 8: Investment in Public Transportation Systems .................................... 33 3.2.9 Indicator 9: Air Quality (pm10) ................................................................................ 34 3.2.10 Indicator 10: Greenhouse gas Emissions from Transport ...................................... 34 4 Chapter Four: Data and Data Analysis for SUTI, Khulna .................. 35 4.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 36 4.2 Indicator 1 ............................................................................................................................ 36 4.2.1 Scoring Criteria and Data for Indicator 1 ................................................................ 38 4.2.2 Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 39 4.3 Indicator 2 ............................................................................................................................ 40 4.3.1 Data Analysis and Data for Indicator 2 .................................................................... 40 4.3.2 Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 43 4.4 Indicator 3 ............................................................................................................................ 43 4.4.1 Data Analysis and Data for SUTI Indicator 3 .......................................................... 44 4.4.2 Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 46 4.5 Indicator 4 ............................................................................................................................ 46 4.5.1 Data Analysis and Data for Indicator 4 .................................................................... 47 4.5.2 Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 49 4.6 Indicator 5 ............................................................................................................................ 49 4.6.1 Data Analysis and Data for Indicator 5 ...................................................................
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