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Wika at Pasismo Politika Ng Wika at Araling Wika Sa Panahon Ng Diktadura

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Wika at Pasismo Politika Ng Wika at Araling Wika Sa Panahon Ng Diktadura WIKA AT PASISMO POLITIKA NG WIKA AT ARALING WIKA SA PANAHON NG DIKTADURA Gonzalo A. Campoamor II i Wika at Pasismo: Politika ng Wika at Araling Wika sa Panahon ng Diktadura Zarina Joy Santos Maria Olivia O. Nueva España ©2018 Gonzalo A. Campoamor II at Tagapamahalang Editor Sentro ng Wikang Filipino-UP Diliman Sabine Banaag Gochuico Hindi maaaring kopyahin ang anumang Disenyo ng Pabalat bahagi ng aklat na ito sa alinmang paraan Ang disenyo ng pabalat ay reimahinasyon – grapiko, elektroniko, o mekanikal – ng pabalat ng Today’s Revolution: nang walang nakasulat na pahintulot Democracy (1971) ni Marcos na ginamit mula sa may hawak ng karapatang-sipi. sa kasalukuyang pag-aaral bilang batis at lunsaran ng politikal na pagsusuri The National Library of the Philippines ng wika sa panahon ng rehimeng batas CIP Data militar. Maria Laura V. Ginoy Recommended entry: Rizaldo Ramoncito S. Saliva Disenyo ng Aklat Campoamor, Gonzalo A., II. Wika at pasismo: politika ng wika at araling wika Kinikilala ng Sentro ng Wikang sa panahon ng diktadura / Gonzalo A. Filipino - UP Diliman ang Opisina ng Campoamor, II. -- Quezon City: Sentro Tsanselor ng Unibersidad ng Pilipinas para sa pagpopondo ng proyektong ito. ng Wikang Filipino, Unibersidad ng Pilipinas, [2018], c2018. pages ; cm Inilathala ng: Sentro ng Wikang Filipino-UP ISBN 978-971-635-060-9 Diliman 3/Palapag Gusaling SURP E. Jacinto St. UP Campus Diliman, 1. Filipino language – Political aspects. Lungsod Quezon I. Title. Telefax: 924-4747 Telepono: 981-8500 lok. 4583 499.211 PL6051 P820180105 ii PAG-AALAY Para kay Prop. Monico M. Atienza at sa mga biktima ng dahas ng wika at pasismo. Gonzalo A. Campoamor II May-akda iii iv PASASALAMAT aos-pusong pasasalamat sa UP Sentro ng Wikang Filipino-Diliman (UP SWF-Diliman), sa Direktor nito na si Rommel Rodriguez, at sa Tmga tauhan ng SWF para sa paglathala ng tesis masteral na ito. Ang bulto ng pananaliksik at pagsusulat ay naganap noong bago mapatalsik sa pagkapangulo si Erap. Malaki ang pasasalamat ko sa sumusunod noong mga panahong iyon: Lety Abreu Campoamor, Leezl Campoamor-Olegario, at Eina Campoamor-Olegario. Kina Judy Taguiwalo, Roland Tolentino, Bien Lumbera, Danny Arao, Tonchi Tinio, Lani Abad, Joi Barrios, Sarah Raymundo, Johnatan Pimentel, Ginny Dañguilan, Roselle Pineda, at Elyrah Salanga, mahuhusay na kasama sa Congress of Teachers and Educators for Nationalism and Democracy (CONTEND) at matatalik na kaibigang walang-kapagurang nagpatalas ng kamalayang susi sa pananaliksik na ito. Kay Monico M. Atienza, tunay kong hinahangaan at nais pamarisang palaisip at tagapagtaguyod ng pag-aaral sa wika at sa simula’t simula’y itinuring ko nang tagapayo ng pananaliksik na ito dahil wala nang iba pang aakma. Yumao si Sir Nic noong 2008, habang nag-aaral ako sa ibang bansa at bago pa man masaksihan ang paglathala ng libro. Kay Bomen Guillermo, masipag, masinop, at matalas na tagapagtaguyod ng araling wika, kaopisina at kakuwentuhan ko sa pananaliksik na ito. Kina Susan Alcantara, Rolly Tagaban, at Boyet Bascon. Kina Jess Ramos at Pam Constantino, mga gurong nag-atas sa aking pag- aralan ang ugnayan ng wika at lipunan, nagbigay ng payo, at ni minsa’y hindi nagdamot ng mga libro. Kina Lilia Quindoza-Santiago at Nilo Ocampo, mga gurong nagbigay ng mahahalagang payo sa pananaliksik. Kina Regie Murillo, Wilma Azarcon, at Christine Manglal-lan, matitiyagang librarian ng UP Diliman Main Library na nagpahintulot na makakuha ako ng kopya mula sa aklatan ng mga manipesto noong panahon ng batas militar (at inilakip ko v ang ilan sa apendiks) at makakuha rin ng electronic copy ng mga artikulo at libro tungkol kay Marcos at sa batas militar. Lubos na pasasalamat din sa mga naglaan ng pinansiyal na suporta sa pananaliksik na ito: sa Opisina ng Bise- Tsanselor para sa Saliksik at Pagpapaunlad-Unibersidad ng Pilipinas Diliman (Grant No. 00001.1 SSHT); sa Belmonte Foundation, para sa Research Grant; at sa Unibersidad ng Pilipinas, para sa Local Faculty Fellowship Thesis Grant. Taos-pusong pasasalamat. vi AKLATANG BAYAN-ONLINE ilang patuloy na pagtalima ng Sentro ng Wikang Filipino-UP Diliman sa misyon nitong palaganapin ang Filipino bilang wika ng saliksik, Binilunsad nito ang proyektong Aklatang Bayan Online, isang online resource na proyektong naglalathala ng mga tesis at disertasyong nakasulat sa wikang Filipino. Pumili ang SWF-UPD ng mga pag-aaral mula sa iba’t ibang disiplina gaya ng Araling Pilipino (Philippine Studies), Kasaysayan, Isports, Sikolohiya, Kalusugan at iba pa upang maging panimulang mga materyal na ilalathala sa pamamagitan ng librong digital. Bukod sa layuning mailathala ang mga pag- aaral na isinulat sa Filipino, ginamit din ang anyong digital sa paglalathala nito upang mas madali, mabilis at mas malawak ang desiminasyon ng pag- aaral. Ang pagdownload ng mga tesis at disertasyong ilalathala ay libre din. Maaari itong i-download ng mga nagnanais na gamitin itong sanggunian sa kanilang mga sariling pananaliksik at pag-aaral. Bukod sa mayaman ang nilalaman ng mga pag-aaral na tampok sa proyektong ito, maganda rin maging sanggunian ang mga ito para sa paghango ng mga batayang kaalaman, idea at metodolohiya kung sa paanong paraan isinulat ang mga pananaliksik gamit ang wikang Filipino. Mapalad ang Unibersidad ng Pilipinas sapagkat mayroon tayong mga miyembro ng akademya (kapuwa mga guro at mga nagtapos na mag-aaral) na matagumpay na napanghawakan ang paggamit ng sarili nating wika upang makabuo at makalikha ng kani-kanilang mga pananaliksik na nasa yugto ngayon ng paglalathala upang higit na mapakinabangan ng mga mambabasa hindi lamang sa loob at labas ng Unibersidad kundi ng bansa. Hindi magiging matagumpay ang proyektong ito kung wala ang tulong at suporta ng Opisina ng Tsanselor ng UP Diliman, Opisina ng Bise Tsanselor vii para sa Gawaing Saliksik at Pagpapaunlad, UP Main Library, higit lalo ang mga manunulat at mananaliksik ng bawat pag-aaral na tampok sa proyektong ito. Sa ngalan ng lahat ng mga bumubuo ng Sentro ng Wikang Filipino- UP Diliman, pagbati sa lahat ng mga tampok na pag-aaral at mananaliksik sa proyektong Aklatang Bayan Online. Hangad namin na sa pamamagitan ng publikasyon ng mga pag-aaral na ito, patuloy na nakapag-aambag ang Unibersidad ng Pilipinas sa layunin nitong lumikha ng mga kaalamang pakikinabangan ng ating mamamayan at bayan. Aklat Sanyata (Liwanag o Ganda) Serye ng mga teksbuk sa arte, literatura, wika, at humanidades. Sa wikang Iloko nagmula ang salitang “sanyata,” ibig sabihi’y “liwanag” o “ganda.” Inililimbag sa serye ang mga aklat na magpapayaman sa kultura at diwang Filipino. viii LISTAHAN NG APENDIKS I-1 “Radical Papers” I-2 Mga talumpati ni Marcos hinggil sa wika II-1 Retrato ni Marcos noong Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig bilang sundalo II-2 Kuha ng ilan sa mga medalya ni Marcos II-3 Kopya ng Proclamation 1081 II-4 Proklamasyon ng batas militar II-5 Mga susing salita sa rehimeng batas militar II-6 Timeline ng rehimeng batas militar II-7 Mga susing tao sa rehimeng batas militar ix x PAUNANG SALITA a loob ng napakatagal na panahon, iisang uri ng araling wika at tunguhin sa araling wika ang gumanap ng pangunahing papel sa mga Spamamaraan ng mga intelektuwal at intelihensiya. Bilang sintomas ng masidhing pagpapatindi ng panunupil ng mga imperyalistang bansa at ng kaakibat nitong pagpapatupad ng mga mapagsamantalang uri ng lalong represibong aparato ng estado, maituturing na pasista rin ang tunguhin ng dominanteng wika at araling wika. Malaki ang naging impluwensiya at gabay rito ng mga tunguhin ng abstraktong obhetibismong nanaig simula pa noong maagang siglo 19 at pangunahing pinangatawanan ng estruktural na lingguwistika. Samantala, bilang isang kolonya, at kalaunan, bilang isang bagong kolonya (neocolony), sa tulong ng lokal na mapagsamantalang uring sumusunod sa dikta ng imperyalista, nanaig sa Pilipinas ang araling wikang hindi nagpapahalaga sa mga materyal na elemento ng lipunan at sa mga batayang kondisyon nito na mahalagang hakbang sana sa ideolohikal na pagpapalaya sa mga produktibong puwersa at pinagsasamantalahang mga uri. Gayumpaman, bilang bahagi at ideolohikal na manipestasyon ng tunggalian sa lipunan kaalinsabay ng mga kontradiksyon sa loob at labas ng bansa at ng patuloy na pagtindi ng pandaigdigang krisis pang-ekonomiya, naging larangan din ang dominasyon sa araling wika ng matindi at sunod- sunod na pagbatikos at pagsusuri. Ilang mga oryentasyong pang-akademya ang hindi nangiming salungatin ang dominasyon bagaman karamihan sa mga ito ay hindi nasasapol ang mga batayang suliranin sa araling wika, kung hindi man naglalayong makatulong pa nga sa pagpapanatili ng kalakaran sa lipunan. xi Natutugunan lamang ng pilosopiya sa wika na nakabatay sa diyalektikong materyalismo at sa materyalismong historikal ang araling wika na makatutulong sa ideolohikal na pagpapalaya ng pinagsasamantalahang uri dahil sa ang naturang pilosopiya sa wika lamang ang naghahangad at nagpapamalas ng isang makabayan, siyentipiko, at makamasang pamamaraan ng pagsusuri ng wika. Mahalagang paunlarin ang nabanggit na pilosopiya sa wika lalo na sa bansang Pilipinas dahil angkop at napapanahon. Mahalaga rin ang pagpapaunlad nito hindi lamang para masabayan ang malaon nang praktika ng paggamit ng wika sa antas-ideolohikal na kontra-hegemonya gaya ng ipinamalas ng mga rebolusyonaryong sulatin, kundi para makabuo rin ng araling wika na lampas sa pag-aaral ng tunog, salita, at ayos ng pangungusap na gaya ng isinagawa sa pagsusuri sa politika ng wika sa ilalim ng rehimeng batas militar. Noong Setyembre 1972, ginamit ng reaksyonaryong pamahalaan ang wika, partikular ang makauring terminolohiya at jargon, para maipahatid ang walang kapararakang demagohiya nito. Dahil sa katangiang kumon sensikal ng wika at ng iba pang anyo ng semyotika, malaki ang naging papel nito hindi lamang para gawing lehitimo ang pananaig sa lipunan, kundi para maibsan ang lantarang mapanupil na paggamit ng militar at karahasan na pangunahin nitong instrumento sa pagpapanatili ng kapangyarihan. Kaya nga mahalagang mabatid na wika rin ang susi sa pagtuklas sa mga hindi nakikita at pagbaklas sa animo’y pagkamanhid ng tao sa kalagayang kinapapalooban nito.
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