5 Heritage
Summary
The Art Gallery of New South Wales has developed a building with unique heritage values. Many of the difficulties the Gallery currently faces are a legacy of staged, incremental development. In most instances each phase has been initiated in order to accommodate the expanding needs of the Gallery’s audiences. The existing heritage fabric of the Gallery limits direct access for people with a disability and families with prams, and maintains a singular small and closed, yet attractive, facade to the entrance.
ART GALLERY OF NEW SOUTH WALES MASTERPLAN FRAMEWORK 44 5 Heritage
JOHNSON PILTON WALKER 45 5 Heritage
History
Brief history of the Art Gallery of New South Wales Major Milestones The Art Gallery of New South Wales traces its origins to a public meeting on April 24, 1871, which established an “Academy of Art” for ‘the purpose of promoting the fine arts through lecture, art classed and regular exhibitions.’ The physical realisation of this ambition however, first begins with the assembly of a collection in the Art Walter Liberty Vernon’s design Vernon’s completed galleries and vestibule The Asian Wing Annex at the International Exhibition of 1879. Since 1885, the collection has been housed and displayed at its current location in the Domain, adjacent to the eastern entrance to the Royal Botanic Gardens. Over its life-time there have been a number of radical changes in the form and development of the Gallery with each stage being over seen by eminent architects of their respective eras. Since its inception the Gallery has been know under an John Hornbury Hunt’s vision for the Gallery Hunt’s Annex interior North elevation of Cook wing Bicentennial sculpture court number of names. The ‘Fine Art Annex’ which served as a part of the International Exhibition was opened 1788 1871 1875 1879 1885 1892 1905 1896-1909 1929 1937 1945 1969-1970 1971 1978 1980 1988 2003 2 011 as ‘The Art Gallery of New South Wales’ in 1880. This was changed to ‘The National Art Gallery of New South Wales’ in 1883. It was not until the establishment of the Art Gallery of New South Wales Act 1958, that the name reverted to the 1880 version. Today, various display galleries have been named in honour of major benefactors. These include: > Rudy Komon Gallery, Upper Level; > The James Agapitos Analysis Room, Conservation Studio – Microscope Room, Upper Level; > Dorothy Street Twentieth Century Australian Galleries, Ground Floor; the custodians of nation are the Eora people of Cadigal The the Gallery sited is currently land on which Cove is established in Sydney British colony Art’ of Meeting establishes an ‘Academy Assembly collection is first housed at Clarke’s Gallery’s The Hall in Elizabeth Street Sydney’s is built for Annex’ Arts A timber ‘Fine International Exhibition. Art Gallery South National of New collection of ‘The The Hornbury John to a building designed by is moved Wales’ Hunt at the present site in Domain first Director is appointed the Gallery’s Montiefore Eliezer Mann is appointed ‘Director and Victor Fyers Gother Secretary’ designs and Vernon Liberty Walter Architect Government to the builds the courts and galleries as an extension until 1969 remains essentially unchanged and which annex MacDonald is appointed Director and Stuart James Secretary is appointed Director and SecretaryAshton William John Hal Missingham is appointed Director and Secretary Architects Wing Government (by Captain The Cook Andersons) is built and opened Andrew Department and to the public is appointed Director Phillip Laverty Peter Edmund Capon is appointed Director is passed 1980 Act Wales Art Gallery South of New Andersons of PTW) Andrew (by Bicentennial extension The of the Galleryare completed - this doubles the size and Johnson Richard (by galleries extension Asian The JPW) are completed Kaldor the John contemporary new The galleries featuring Gallery PTW) are completed Family (by > The Nelson Meers Foundation Sidney Nolan Room, Ground Floor; > The Lowy Gonski Gallery, Ground Floor; > The James Fairfax Galleries, Ground Floor; > The John Schaeffar Galleries, Ground Floor; John Hornbury Hunt, Architect Walter Liberty Vernon, Architect Portrait of Sir William Ashton, Director Hal Missingham, Director Edmund Capon, Director > The Margaret Olley Function Space, Ground Floor; Photo: Freeman Brothers (1899) Unknown photographer Unknown photographer (1940s) Photo: Max Dupain OBE (1947) 1978 to present From original glass plate www.wikipedia Gelatin silver photograph; 15.4 x 8.9 cm Gelatin silver photograph Photo: The Australian (2007) > The Margaret Olley Twentieth Century European Mitchell Library, SLNSW Pictures Collection nla.pic-an11852731 NPG Collection: 2003.69 www.theaustralian.news.com.au Galleries, Lower Level 2; > Franco & Amina Belgiorno-Nettis & Family Contemporary Galleries, Lower Level 2; and the Major Benefactors > John Kaldor Family Collection Gallery, Lower Level 2.
James Fairfax Margaret Olley John Schaeffer The Belgiorno-Nettis Family Dorothy and Fred Street David Gonski and Frank Lowy John Kaldor Image: AGNSW Image: AGNSW Image: AGNSW Image: AGNSW Image: AGNSW Image: AGNSW Image: AGNSW
ART GALLERY OF NEW SOUTH WALES MASTERPLAN FRAMEWORK 46 5 Heritage
Significance & otentialP
Introduction The building and site of the Gallery have significant heritage opportunities. Many of these are recognised by heritage listings and some are maintained by virtue of their inclusion in the AGNSW Conservation Management Plan (CMP), completed in 2008.
Heritage Significance - Current Listings The Gallery is currently listed on the following registers due its deemed heritage significance: Register of the National Estate > Listed on 21 March 1978 with place ID 2349; NSW State Heritage Register > The building is listed (Local Government listing, Lower Level 3 Lower Level 2 Lower Level 1 Ground Level Upper Level Roof Level Database number 2423945); > The site is listed as an Archaeological item (Local Government listing, Database number 2424840); City of Sydney Council Fabric of Heritage Significance > Listed in Sydney City Heritage Study (2002), Item 3012; National Trust Register Fabric of High Heritage Significance > Listed as Classified; RAIA, NSW Register of Significant Buildings > Listed for Walter Liberty Vernon works 1897-1909; > Listed for NSW Government Architect Work 1972 and 1988.
Conservation Management Plan, 2008 3D Volumes - Heritage Significance - View from SouthWest 3D Volumes - Heritage Significance - View from Northeast Not to scale @ A3 Not to scale @ A3 While the CMP has been activated primarily to assist the management of exhibitions while conserving the significant fabric of the building, it is also serves to facilitate the growth of the Gallery. The CMP acknowledges that the Gallery will have to expand in line with increasing audience and collection demands. Note: The constraints and opportunities in line with heritage listings identified above are outlined in CMP Section 6, while the conservation policies are dealt with in Section 7.
JOHNSON PILTON WALKER 47 5 Heritage
Evolution
Evolution of the AGNSW Site PHASE 1 The Art Gallery of New South Wales has occupied its site in the outer domain since 1885. Over this period, the Gallery has grown through the six significant phases (each with their own staging). There has also been significant modifications to its surrounds during this period. The building is the major service delivery asset owned by the Gallery and it contains a number of built elements and architectural stages unified into a single purpose built structure: 1885 - Phase 1 1 Subterranean remnants of John Horbury Hunt circa The National Art Gallery of New South Wales, consisting 1885 - foundations/footing for original National Art of six galleries, is built on a site Gallery building on the site; in the ‘Outer Domain’ to John Hornbury Hunt’s plans. 2 1896 Art Gallery designed by the NSW government Architect Walter Liberty Vernon and subsequent An ancillary structure is located additions in the classical revival style; to the east. 3 1972 Captain Cook wing designed by the NSW government Architect’s office, Andrew Andersons’ chief designer, in a style described as late 20th century international; PHASE 2 4 1988 Bicentennial additions designed by the NSW government Architect, Andrew Andersons in the late 20th century international style; 5 2003 Asian galleries extension and associated works designed by Richard Johnson of Johnson Pilton Walker adding a white glass and steel pavilion that has been likened, when lit a night, to a softly glowing paper lantern; and 6 2011 Contemporary art galleries designed by PTW to house the John Kaldor Family collection. 1897 - Beginning of Phase 2 1899 - Phase 2 1901 - Phase 2 1904 - Phase 2 1905-1906 - Phase 2 1909 - End of Phase 2 The stages of growth are shown in the diagrams to the Courts 7 & 8 are added to Vernon’s Courts 9 & 10 are The south elevation of the The vestibule and portico are Central Court floor and roof is The north-western courts 5 right, and are grouped into the 6 principal phases of the Hornbury Hunt galleries completed. Gallery is completed with completed in the anticipation raised to meet the level of the & 6 and the board room are as the first phase of plans by galleries 11, 12 & 13 adjacent that they are to be established Vernon galleries. completed. development. Government Architect Walter to the completed courts. as the main entrance to the Many of the difficulties the Gallery is currently Liberty Vernon. Gallery. The new entrance and entry All elements of Vernon’s court is opened to the public Gallery are in place. faced with are a legacy of the staged, incremental The eastern ancillary structure in 1906. development. is removed. In most instances each phase has been initiated in order to accommodate the expanding needs of the Gallery’s audiences.
ART GALLERY OF NEW SOUTH WALES MASTERPLAN FRAMEWORK 48 5 Heritage
Evolution
PHASE 3 PHASE 4 PHASE 5 PHASE 6
1920s 1930s 1960s 1972 - Phase 3 1988 - Phase 4 1999 2003 - Phase 5 2011 - Phase 6 Placement of equestrian Conservation Department is The Cahill expressway Outer The Captain Cook Wing The Bicentennial Wing is The Eastern Distributor The Asian Wing and associated Contemporary art galleries groups to the west of the built to east of the care-takers Domain cutting and Art Gallery designed by the Government completed. replaces the Cahill Expressway works are completed. and associated works are entrance is decided upon by residence and a garage is built Road Bridge are completed to Architect’s Office is completed. cutting. completed. Sir John Sulman. for the director on the north- the north of the Gallery. east most corner. Hunt’s original galleries are The Land-bridge is built to the A care-takers residence is largely demolished and the north of the Gallery connecting constructed on the east facade Fig Tree Avenue is widened to ancillary buildings to the east the north and south edges of of the Gallery. a dual carriage way. are removed. the Cahill Expressway cutting.
JOHNSON PILTON WALKER 49 5 Heritage
Existing Fabric
The heritage significance of the building, and particularly the Vernon Wing, presents the Gallery with a range of assets that unique, but which also present a range of operational and curatorial challenges. The significance of the fabric is a legacy of the contextual and cultural circumstances which lead to the Gallery’s construction, but also extends to the use of materials, methods and architecture styles.
Classical vaulted ceiling and lead-light sky-light, Vestibule, GF Classical vaulted ceiling, The Lowy Gonski Gallery, Vernon Wing, GF The James Fairfax Galleries, Vernon Wing, Ground Floor Image: AGNSW Image: AGNSW Image: JPW
Clerestory windows of lead-light sky-lights, Vestibule, Roof Level The south-west stairs from The south-west stairs from Image: JPW Gallery 13 to the Library, Gallery 13 to the Library in Vernon Wing, Ground Floor ornamental stone work with Image: AGNSW Borenore Marble treads, Vernon Wing, Ground Floor Image: JPW
The Classical vaulting in Maroubra sandstone with Kempsey The entry doors limit the size Mosaic floor, Vestibule, GF Mosaic floor detail, Vestibule, GF The interface between the Marble used for the columns, Vestibule, Ground Floor of the only public entrance, Image: AGNSW Image: AGNSW vestibule sandstone entrance Image: AGNSW Vestibule, GF arches and the Rudy Komon Image: AGNSW Gallery, Upper Level Image: AGNSW ART GALLERY OF NEW SOUTH WALES MASTERPLAN FRAMEWORK 50 5 Heritage
Existing Fabric
The approach via Art Gallery Road to the Vernon Wing Portico The interface of three stages of the Gallery’s historical Image: JPW development: the sandstone of the Vernon Wing (left); the transparent glazing of the Captain Cook Wing (middle); and the reflective glazing of the Asian galleries (right). Image: JPW
The Design and Multi-media offices, Vernon Wing, Upper Sculptures, Court 11, Vernon Wing, Ground Floor The Bicentennial Wing The parquetry flooring (Silky Court 9, Vernon Wing, Ground Floor Level. This space was once occupied by the library, but is now Image: AGNSW received the RAIA Sulman Oak and Queensland Maple), Image: JPW overcrowded and cluttered with services Award for Architectural Merit Vernon Wing, Ground Floor Image: JPW in 1989 - Commemorative Image: AGNSW Plaque, Grand Court, GF Image: JPW
Vernon Gallery Lanterns, Vernon Wing, Roof Level. These lanterns originally provided natural light to the gallery space, but this has Workshops, Vernon Wing, LL1. The cast-iron columns are remains from the Walter Liberty Vernon design. ceased due to conservation considerations. The lantern now house the artificial lighting necessary for the Vernon Galleries. Composite Image: JPW Composite Image: JPW
JOHNSON PILTON WALKER 51 6 Analysis
Summary
Over the past 10 years, other major Australian galleries and museums have undergone significant projects to either establish or revitalise their services, facilities and culture. If the AGNSW desires to excel on a global stage while increasing visitor numbers, an increase in the amenity of public facilities as well more exhibition and gallery display space is necessary to bring it into line with the best institutions of the world. The current relationships between functional spaces are fragmented, complex and inefficient. The scale of galleries is comparable to a ‘suite of rooms’ which limits the Gallery’s ability to manage large crowds, exhibit large works or present large exhibitions. There are a number of planning instruments which will affect, but not necessarily restrict, the Gallery’s development. There are a number of projects and Masterplanning Strategies being implemented by the Gallery’s neighbours. Each of these will need to be given careful consideration by the Gallery. The ratio of gallery and exhibition space to GFA within the Gallery appears to be in line with other galleries of a similar type, but what must be highlighted is that the majority of collection and exhibition galleries serve as multipurpose areas and circulation zones. In its present state, the Gallery’s public area constitutes less than 25% of the total GFA. Ideally, this figure needs to be doubled. The serviceability and flexibility of the existing galleries and exhibition space is limited as more than two thirds of this space has a ceiling height of only 3.6 to 4.4 metres.
ART GALLERY OF NEW SOUTH WALES MASTERPLAN FRAMEWORK 52 6 Analysis
When compared to all other international galleries and museums, the AGNSW placed 28th in terms total museum attendance for 2007, fell to 34th in 2009, and has continued to decline in 2010 to 48th in total attendances, 6 places behind Queensland’s GoMA and 13 places behind the Melbourne Museum.
The Art Newspaper, No. 189, March 2008; No. 212, April 2010; No. 223, April 2010
JOHNSON PILTON WALKER 53 6 Analysis
Precinct Planning
Development Controls Any development of the Gallery is affected by state and local legislation concerning the land use planning and heritage management. This is primarily through the Environment Planning and Assessment Act, 1979.
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The Gallery is located within the City of Sydney Council, The AGNSW is identified as Item I1665 in the LEP’s The AGNSW is identified as B8 Zoning - Metropolitan Sydney LEP zone. Heritage Map. Centre. The significance of the building and site need to be Development of the Gallery would need to be based maintained. Any proposed development would also on a premise of cultural and community benefit. need to consider the potential for archaeology.
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Height of Buildings Map J Kent Street Area 1 Area 1 t e Area 1 e r - Sheet HOB_014 t Area 1 46.7 RL S n n Area 1 J o t g J n i J r r a Alfred Street
H
Sydney Harbour Tunnel
Hickson Road
Maximum Building Height (m) Area 3 Z Farm C a h i ll Cove E Albert Street x p A 3 W 1 40 re s s O w Essex Street a AB1 AC y AC AC E Western Distributor 6 W 2 42 Ru gb y P Area 1 lace (Private) Reiby Place
t AC e
H X e Custom House Lane 7.5 45 r U1 t Area 3 B s s S u Gloucester Street l n l i e t k Area 4 in n P Area 3 e Gas Lane la J c e I Pitt Street 8 Y 50 Underwood Street Z Area 3
ce X la J 9 Z 55 AC P rie a AC u AC q c a Loftus Street M Area 3 d L 11 A A 1 60 rium Roa Conservato Loftus Lane Z
Young Street M C Dalley Street 12 A A 2 65 l a Z Z r e n c e Bridge Street S t r Grosvenor Street e Z e t O 15 A A 3 70 Phillip Street Area 2
P 18 A B 1 80
Macquarie Street Z Gresham Street Area 1 R 22 A B 2 85 AB1 Area 1 AB1 AH George Street Z Y Lang Street A Z W L AH I A Bridge Lane Tank Stream Way R
LE S 24 AC 110 Area 3 C R AH ace I rrer Pl Abercrombie Lane Fa C Y Y Area 3 AH IT AB1 Area 3 C Be T 1 25 AD 130 Phillip Lane Jamison Street nt S tr AH ee t T 2 27 AE 150 Z
N
a Bond Street Spring Street
p Margaret Lane Margaret
o
l e Area 3 AH o n Z T 3 28 AH 235 S t r AB1 e e t Area 3 AH T 4 29 Area 1 U1 U1 AH
Margaret Street Area 3 O'connell Street Area 3 U 1 30 Area 2 U1 Curtin Place AH AB1 AH AH U 2 33 Area 3 AH AH Bligh Street
Little Hunter Street Hamilton Street V 35 Area 4 AH York Lane Sha kespea Z AH re P lace Area 3 estre AH Maximum Building Height (m) Area 3 De M Place AB1 AB1 AB1 Z Heights shown on map in RL (m) Area 3 Z
Y Carrington Street Wynyard Lane Hunter Street 10 46.7 Area 3 Area 3 X
O C 28.6 60 Area 3 ah ill Ex pre ssw ay
42 71
t
e e
Ash Street
r
t S
k k
et r Erskine Stre Z Area 3 46 98 Yo Area 3
Shelley Street Wynyard Street Hosking Place Area 3 AB1 Z Angel Place Z Cadastre X Z Z O Pitt Street Z Area 3 Z
Cadastre 26/09/2012 © City of Sydney 28.6 RL AA1 Z Hospital Road AA1 AA1
Lime Street
AB1 Barrack Street V AB1 O Z Z Cuthbert Street AD Area 2 EASTE RN S 98 RL UBU Z RBS RAIL 013 AD WAY 006 020 AA1 AA1 Rowe Street Area 3 O T2 Area 3 Z 28.6 RL
007 014 021 S Area 3
k S
i
l t i t d p l AD Area 3 e a o S L R t y a r r e e n ll e e a S G t AD t Area 3 Ar 001 008 015 022 O
King Street
Lees Court
Castlereagh Street 002 009 016 023 Elizabeth Street Sussex Street
King Street AD 003 010 017 024
004 011 018 Area 3
Clarence Street
AA1 d 005 012 019 Kent Street s Roa AD AD ame AD Area 3 St J AB1 AA1 Street George Area 3 D
a
y
S
t
r e AA1 e
t
C
o
u
n
c
i l Place Prince Albert Road M Darling Harbour 0 200 m E Area 1 St Western Distributor M a Y ket Street ry L Mar s Y MONORAI Ro METRO Y a Scale: 1:5,000 @ A3 A Area 3 d C W AD Area 3 Ü L I I Y T Cross City Tunnel A
Y
R
Projection: GDA 1994 C Sir John Young Crescent
S S
I R B C J C R O Zone 56 r L o U r
E w B o n t U R u
S b
A i tr r
I t
N N S College Street L e s i W Darling Harbour R e
E t R D A Area 1 T
Y n r Map identification number: S e A t Palmer Street s E
a 7200_COM_HOB_014_005_20120926 AA1 P E
AD J R
Sydney LEP 2012 Height of Buildings Map (Sheet 14) There may be the opportunity to increase the height of the Gallery as the LEP does not refer to a specific height limit. Careful consideration would need to be given though to the protection of sun access to the Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain though.
ART GALLERY OF NEW SOUTH WALES MASTERPLAN FRAMEWORK 54 6 Analysis
Precinct Planning
Existing Masterplans, New Project and Possibilities There are a number of Masterplanning documents and long term strategies outlining the future of the precinct around the Gallery. Included in this report are four of these items.
WALSH
NE
HICKSON BAY PIER O
ROAD HIGHWAY
Rail Corridor Map Rail Corridor
PARBURY STREET L .
STREET
TOWNS PLACE
CIRCULAR DALGETY POTTINGER
RODEN'S FORT
STREET HICKSON ROAD
MERRIMAN GEORGE
DOWNSHIRE STREET
LANE ROAD
WINDMILL STREET QUAY STREET ST ATHERDEN ST
BETTINGTON WINDMILL ST STREET TRINITY AV SYDNEY LOWER
PLACE BRADFIELD MILL L ARGYLE ANE ARGYLE COVE LANE
FARM
WATSON WAY
PLAYFAIR
ROAD WEST
HIGH
KENDALL COVE
HICKSON STREET
CAMBRIDGE
CRESCENT
EAST
WALK
TARPEIAN
STREET
STREET QUAY
KENT C A H I L L
STREET
STREET
NURSES FARM ROAD
STREET
GLOBE STREET GEORGE STREET COVE
HIGH ST EXPRESSWAY CAHILL CIRCULAR QUAY
CIRCULAR ALFRED CUMBERLAND Herald ROAD Square STREET EXPRESSWAY ESSEX
ALBERT ST
BLUE ANCHOR STREET LANE Circular STREET STREET REIBY CRANE
PLACE DISTRIBUTOR STREET
CUSTOM HOUSE LN BULLETIN
GAS LANE STREET STREET QuaySTREET JOHNSTONS STREET LANE PLACE GLOUCESTER PLACE
MACQUARIE
ROAD
UNDERWOOD MACQUARIE'S
ANE HARRINGTON
LOFTUS L BAY JENKINS UNDERWOOD CONSERVATORIUM
LACE GROSVENOR STREET P STREET
STREET
MACQUARIE
BRIDGE LANE
GRESHAM STREET ROAD DARLING MACQUARIE'S
LOFTUS
BRIDGE L ANE
POINT YOUNG LANG STREET TANKSTREAMWAY HERBERT STREET HARBOUR STREET PITT BENT
JAMISON LANE
CLARENCE STREET SUSSEX NAPOLEON YORK BOND MARGARET ST SPRING ST GEORGE STREET PHILLIP WOOLLOOMOOLOO BAY P BAYVIEWST I STREET R CURTIN MARGARET MRS ST PLACE R A Potential STREET
M STREET STREET
HAMILTON ST LANE A
YORK HUNTER O'CONNELL MRS BLIGH STREET PHILLIP
LAWSON SHAKESPEARE
ST SUSSEX New station HARRIS KENT STREET DE M ESTRE PLACE Shakespeare Place STREET PLACE CHIFLEY
LANE HUNTER SQUARE WYLDE
BOWMAN Wynyard STREET STREET ROADWAY
STREET DOMAIN TERRACE CARRINGTON STREET STREET WYNYARD CAHILL EXPRESSWAY ERSKINE ASH WESTERN
PLACE WYNYARD ST
STREET STREET HOSKING PLACE
LANE STREET CADIGAL AVE ANGEL STREET STREET
TREET ROAD GRANTHAM S STREET
MARTIN ROAD Fig Tree CRESCENT STREET
JONES STREET PYRMONT BARRACK ST NEOT AVE BOWMAN STREET PLACE
MOUNT
Avenue GRANTHAM LANE
JOHN SLIP S
TREET
ROWE ST
PITT
ROAD Martin WHARF ELIZABETH
HOSPITAL
OURT
C
STREET LEES KING PHILLIP Place MACQUARIE BAY KING
GALLERY McELHONE COWPER STAIRS BANK STREET SAUNDERS LINCOLN STREET STREET YORK UNION CLARENCE QUEEN'S
STREET STREET SQUARE SUSSEX ART
STREET VICTORIA ST PATERNOSTER ROAD ELIZABETH
GEORGE Potential STREETLITTLE PRINCE STREET ST. JAMES
CASTLEREAGH
STREET (THE MALL) MILLER EDWARD ROAD ROAD MILLER New station BULWARA UNION MOUNT LANE PYRMONT BRIDGE ALBERT ROW STREET
STREET
T
S
DWARD E MARKET STREET ST.
LITTLE EDWARD L ANE LANE LANE STREET MARY'S
BANK HARWOOD MARKET BUNN HARWOODSTREET STREET STREET ROAD STREET STREET STREET St. STREETJames BRIDGE EXPERIMENT BUNN LANE STREET
LANE STREET GIPPS COCKLE KENT ST
JONES SIR JOHN YOUNG CRESCENT STREET STREET EDRAL MULLINS S TREET CATH SYLVIA CHASE GIPPS SQUARE BAY CATHEDRAL ST CROWN STREET STREET
MURRAY LACE BLACKWATTLE DRUITT P Town STREET ADA STREET DRUITT BAY ROAD Hall PARK STREET STREET
STREET STREET
DRUITT CRESCENT ALLEN PYRMONT LANE
DAY
STREET
BULWARA WILLIAM
SANDS HARRIS BATHURST
WATTLE CASTLEREAGH STREET ELIZABETH BATHURST OE JONES S
JONES ST
JAMES
SUSSEX
STREET
T LANE
WILMOT
LANE STREET STREET WATTLE STANLEY
JAMES STREET
STREET CENTRAL PITT
STREET
LANE STREET STREET UPPER FIG ST
LANE Sydney FIG COLLEGE FIG HENRY GEORGE LIVERPOOL COLLEGE FRANCIS PLACE
AVENUE ST PYRMONT BULLECOURT STREET HARGRAVE JONES LANE Eastern Cultural Precinct Royal Botanic Gardens Royal Botanic Gardens STREET STREET Local Environmental Plan 2005 KIRK CHARLOTTE QUARRY DOUGLASS DOUGLASS Extract from LANE Sydney LEPLIVERPOOL 2005, Environmental Planning and STREET DIXON LANE WHITLAM HARGRAVE STREET STREET SQUARE Environmental Planning andAssessmentAct 1979
EAGAR STREET EAGAR LANE
STREET OXFORD General Map of Lawns General Map of Lawns CLARKE Linking the Institutions PIER QUARRY STREET STREET
AssessmentGOULBURN Act 1979 LYONS LANE
STREET
STREET
FACTORY ST AVENUE STREET Sydney 2030 Strategies - JPW Masterplan Future Domain STREET
STREET STREET STREET NITHSDALE LANE POPLAR ST STREET
NITHSDALE HACKETT ALBERTA Rail Corridor Map STREET CUNNINGHAM STREET HENRY Rail Corridor Map,STREET Sydney LEPGOULBURN 2005BRISBANE boundary STREET
CUNNING
STREET
HAM An initiative of the City of Sydney 2008 An initiative of the RBG, 2001 An initiative of the RBG, 2006 LITTLE LANE HAY ST
STREET WILLIAM (See Clause 81)
FOY WAINE PELICAN CASTLEREAGH
PARBURY HUNT GOULBURN ST STREET STREET Not to scale @ A3 LANE
LANE CAMPBELL ELIZABETH
STREET STREET STREET HAY WENTWORTH STREET STREET BRISBANE OMNIBUS WATTLE ST HENSON HAY © 2005 City of Sydney & LandPITT and Property Information Legend LANE STREET STREET HARRIS STREET
LANE STREET STREET ROAD STREET CAMPBELL
BLACKBURN
MACARTHUR STREET
Sydney 2030 Strategy - JPW Royal Botanic Gardens, Domain Masterplan Future Domain STREET A New CBD Rail Station STREET City of Sydney LGA boundary McKEE STREET ULTIMO STREET WATTLE FOSTER JONES ROAD PARKER
LANE
LANE BARLOW STREETPARKER STREET ROAD QUAY THOMASLANE In 2008 as part of the CoS’s Sydney 2030 initiative, JPW was engaged to review the Eastern In 2001, the Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust released the Domain Masterplan to address Future Domain builds on the Domain Masterplan, and proposes a series of projects (two ANN Currently, the access routes to the GalleryHANDS via the rail transport are the Martin Place and St. Sydney LEP 2005 boundary RAWSON PL STREET
LANE ULTIMO
WRIGHT
RAWSON
Cultural Precinct. short to medium term management and planning issues confronting the Royal Botanic of which are included overleaf) to improve the amenity for users of the Domain and to James stations. L ANE MARY THOMAS VALENTINE GEORGE ALBION LANE ST
MARY STREET EDDY AVENUE Gardens and Domain, specifically focusing on opportunities to substantially improve the complement broader Sydney and metropolitan planning objectives. STREET PITT The finalised strategy intends to: The eastern edge of the city containsELIZABETH a significant proportion of the CBD work force while the
LANE quality and significance of the Sydney Domain. STREET STREET RAILWAY STREET In October 2006, the RGB&D Trust undertook a broad public consultation process to assess residentialBIJOU populationSQUARE of the CBD and Woolloomooloo areas are growing. > Provide a focus and improved connectivity to all cultural institutions in the eastern precinct as STREET Railway Corridor Referral Area The document suggests improving the amenity through the implementation of projects such as: the community’s views on the proposals. (Further information can be found on the RBG’s THOMAS STREET well as the green open space from the Opera House to the ANZAC war memorial; While no specific project refers to a MARYnew station adjacent to the Gallery on the eastern rail FOVEAUX
ST web-site). BISHOP LANE
> A bus and coach lay-over space provided within the Domain Parking Station line, if oneLITTLE REGENT ST were created it would link directly to the domain while providing major transport,
STREET SOPHIA
> Re-establish Fig Tree Avenue in the Domain; BROADWAY TERRY Note:Areas identified outside the Sydney REGENT STREET KIPPAX
STREET
STREET Of note however was comment in relation to Domain Parking Station ‘refurbishment’ project, safetyDWYER and environmental benefits for large public events.
O'LOUGHLIN
STREET LANE
KENSINGTON ABERCROMBIE > The development of a major out-door performance space above the existing Domain Parking BALFOUR LEP 2005 boundary area are for
STREET STREET > Remake Shakespeare Place as an major entry to the Eastern Cultural Precinct; GOOLD
using the Domain Parking Station as a bus lay-over depot (instead of Mrs. Macquarie’s Road) LEE STREET STREET information purposes only. Referral of
Station; and An alternative would be a newRANDLE STrail station on the city circle line adjacent to the State Library STREET
STREET COOPER UTHER
STREET and the creation of a formal entry to the Domain at the junction of St. Mary’s Road and Art RANDLE
BEATTIE
> Define the precinct as a main entrance to the Mitchell Library, Botanic Gardens and the Domain; STREET HERCULES development in these areas is
STREET of NSW.STREET OUTRAM DEVONSHIRE LANE > The Sydney Sculpture Walk initiative. STREET STREET
Gallery Road. STREET
STREET STREET > Create a public event space for the State Library; O'CONNOR recommended, however not required
WELLINGTON
GLADSTONE STREET HOLT HART under this plan. STREET > Anticipate a future new train station on the City Circle line for Domain events; and STREET Create an Gallery Forecourt:
> As an entry and public event space for the AGNSW; CHALMERS REGENT 0 100 200 300 400 500Metres NORTH > With Basement support space for Domain events; and
CLEVELAND > As a node connecting pedestrian and bicycle paths with the new Woolloomooloo train station. CLEVELAND Drawn by: D.H.Robinson Certified in accordance with Planning officer: K.Cusack the Environmental Planning Council File No: SO 16796 and Assessment Act 1979 Summary Summary Summary Summary Department File No: and Regulations as amended. The recreation of Fig Tree Avenue has potential to provide a corridor There are potential synergies that can benefit both the Royal There are two projects outlined in Future Domain which will The Gallery would benefit from a new ‘metro’ station on the Approved to the Gallery’s forecourt even when events are held in the Domain. Botanic Gardens and the Gallery. affect/provide opportunities for the Gallery - these are outlined in Eastern Suburbs rail line. General Manager / / detail overleaf. Minister Copyright 2005 City of Sydney & Land and Property Information JOHNSON PILTON WALKER 55 6 Analysis
Precinct Projects
Domain Parking Station Project In 2008, a 25 year lease for the management of the Domain Parking Station was awarded to Challenger on the basis that over the next four years, only cosmetic changes were made, but with the opportunity to add two extra floors to the top of the carpark in the following 21 years. A DA was lodged in July 2008 which captures the proposed cosmetic changes and an extract of the application is included below:
Integrated Development Proposal Reference Number D/2008/1118 Domain Carpark travelator Sir John Young Crescent frontage for the Domain Carpark Image: JPW Composite Image: JPW Site: 2 Prince Albert Road , Sydney, NSW 2000 Applicant: Challenger Diversified P/L Detailed Description: Refurbishment of the Domain Car Park. Internal works include the installation of 2 lifts; new ramps and associated car park re-configuration; and new toilet facilities. External works include replacement of existing pedestrian entrance building, construction of new pedestrian entrance at northern corner and new balustrade at roof level; refurbishment of travelator; signage; landscape works and new pathways.
Summary Consideration needs to be given to how the Gallery might benefit from or key into the refurbished Domain Parking Station in terms of parking for their patrons, signage and access. The Gallery needs to be mindful of, and place itself to be actively engaged with, the inclusion to two extra floors on top of the existing carpark (which is likely to occur in the next 25 years).
Domain Parking Station Domain Parking Station Plan (Extract) Artists Impression DA Number D/2008/1118, City of Sydney DA Number D/2008/1118, City of Sydney © 2008 HASSELL, Not to Scale @ A3 © 2008 HASSELL
ART GALLERY OF NEW SOUTH WALES MASTERPLAN FRAMEWORK 56 6 Analysis
Precinct Projects
Disused Royal Australian Navy Fuel Tanks RBG’s Future Domain identifies the disused fuel tanks as an item within the Domain which needs to be rejuvenated. The following is an extract from Future Domain: The top of the disused naval oil tanks in the Woolloomooloo Precinct could be made more aesthetically appealing as well as better utilised. Suggested developments include providing new or enhanced sports facilities or developing the area into a venue for small events. These suggestions would take pressure off the Phillip Precinct. Any such project would consider the impact on local residents. Aerial Photo of AGNSW and Fuel Tanks, circa 1943 Interior View of the Disused Fuel Tanks Not to Scale @ A3 Image: Source Unknown The tanks themselves could be used to store recycled or reclaimed water. This would help the Trust to meet its 2016 objective of using no Sydney drinking water for irrigation purposes across the Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain estates. Such a development would also include appropriate landscaping to reduce impact on green space.
Summary Consideration needs to be given to how the Gallery might use the land occupied by the fuel tanks in any future expansion. Key factors will be land ownership, site restrictions, site re-mediation and conversion of the space for the Gallery’s use.
Aerial Photo of AGNSW and Fuel Tanks, circa 2006 Interior View of the Disused Fuel Tanks Not to Scale @ A3 Image: http://www.uer.ca/locations/show.asp?locid=21910
JOHNSON PILTON WALKER 57 6 Analysis
Siting Strategies
EXISTING: NO LIFE AND SLOW DEATH NEW BUILDING IN REMOTE LOCATION NEW WING
Existing Option A1.1 Option A1.2 Option B1
Maintain AGNSW Domain Location (no work) New Building, Prominent Location New Building, Prominent Location & Re-plan Existing New South West Wing Maintain AGNSW Domain Location (no work) and Re-plan AGNSW Domain Location (new works) and AGNSW Domain Location new gallery wing to the new gallery building new gallery building south west
Summary of Maintaining Operations without Change Advantages Advantages Advantages No growth = No life and slow death > Landmark location in the city > Landmark location in the city > A new wing will provide an opportunity to resolve current > Green-field site > Green-field site problems and provide space and facilities for the future > Close to the Domain Carpark Disadvantages Disadvantages > Access to public transport and parking is difficult > Access to public transport and parking is difficult Disadvantages > Likely to diminish the role and status of existing AGNSW > Likely to diminish the role and status of existing AGNSW > Limited opportunities for a landmark building > Difficult to maintain identity of single institution > Difficult to maintain identity of single institution > Location remote and not prominent operating across 2 major sites operating across 2 major sites > Heritage issues associated with building on parkland > Will do little to address current pressing issues inherent > Increased security operations > Conflict with public activities on the AGNSW’s Domain site > Duplication of services, operational systems and public > Very difficult to connect to existing AGNSW at more than > Increased security operations programming costs one level and only at one location between the Vernon and > Duplication of services, operational systems and public > Significant capital cost in new facility and replanning of Asian wings programming costs existing Domain site > Confused public circulation > Significant capital cost in new facility > Difficult to maintain sense of staff cohesion and > Duplicates costs and operations across two sites > Difficult to maintain sense of staff cohesion and collaborative effort across 2 major sites > Complex construction over existing railway corridor collaborative effort across 2 major sites > May impact existing Police Memorial Wall > Major operational and curatorial challenges in existing > Vehicle access to existing dock limits connectivity AGNSW not addressed between buildings
ART GALLERY OF NEW SOUTH WALES MASTERPLAN FRAMEWORK 58 Evaluation Criteria RECOMMENDED OPTION
NEW WING COMBINED OPTION The siting options identified in the previous section have been tested against a range of key criteria to determine the most appropriate option for further development:
1 Cultural Asset Value 2 Precinct Value 3 Masterplan 4 Consultation 5 Operations 6 Implementation
The options have been evaluated in two ways: > Weighting the benefits and negative impacts on a sub-category (more detailed or specific) level. Options with the highest beneficial score and lowest negative impact score represent the preferred option; and > On the primary category levels each option is ranked against the others, with the option with the lowest score here representing the preferred option. Option B2 Option B3 OPTION C1 (A1 + B3)
New North West Wing New North East Wing New North East Wing and Presence in the City AGNSW Domain Location new gallery wing to the AGNSW Domain Location new gallery wing to the Reorganise existing AGNSW Domain Location and north west north east link to new gallery wing to the north east
Advantages Advantages Advantages > Prominent location > A new wing will provide an opportunity to resolve current > Landmark location in the city > Visible from the city problems and provide space and facilities for the future > Green-field site > A new wing will provide an opportunity to resolve current > Ability to create iconic building > A new wing will provide an opportunity to resolve problems and provide space and facilities for the future > Strengthens identity of AGNSW within the city current problems > Strong connections to city and harbour, which can be Disadvantages unique Sydney experience and reinforce Gallery identity Disadvantages > Difficult construction > Opportunity to create international quality contemporary > Access to public transport and parking is difficult > Heritage tree issues exhibition spaces and visitor services which > Likely to diminish the role and status of existing AGNSW > Complex siting close to existing RBG buildings and complement spaces and services in existing building > Increased operating costs major entry to Gardens may limit opportunities > Significantly improves accommodation standards, > Significantly larger capital investment required > Difficult connection to new wing security and workplace amenity > Duplication of services, operational systems and public > Loss of parkland > Activation of site improves pedestrian connectivity and programming > Duplicated entry activation > More complex construction approach than other options > Art Gallery Road will always divide the two buildings > Utilises relatively under-utilised open space > Complex security arrangements between buildings
Disadvantages > More complex construction approach > More prominent when viewed from eastern approaches
JOHNSON PILTON WALKER 59 6 Analysis
RECOMMENDED OPTION Siting Evaluation
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA EXISTING OPTION A1.1 OPTION A1.2 OPTION B1 OPTION B2 OPTION B3 OPTION C1
CULTURAL ASSET VALUE Image / Identity / Landmark Quality Connection to City / Harbour Synergy with other Sydney Cultural Institutions Contemporary Relevance Ability to meet vision, purpose and mission of AGNSW Ability to maintain and improve local and international comparisons
PRECINCT Access from city Public transport / Parking Relationship with landscape Impact of Domain events Forecourt - Identity and Function Vistas to and from the Institution Heritage considerations
MASTERPLAN Quality and flexibility of galleries Range of temporary exhibition spaces Clarity of public circulation Flexibility of spaces for public programs Public amenities Group arrival / entry Universal access Security BOH Circulation Loading docks compared to international standards Adequate storage BCA compliance Heritage considerations Staff workspaces and amenities Functional relationships SUB TOTAL 47 5 27 16 11 26 16 34 2 46 2 50 7 41
MINOR BENEFIT MEDIUM BENEFIT SIGNIFICANT BENEFIT NEGATIVE IMPACT MEDIUM NEGATIVE IMPACT SIGNIFICANT NEGATIVE IMPACT
ART GALLERY OF NEW SOUTH WALES MASTERPLAN FRAMEWORK 60 RECOMMENDED OPTION
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA EXISTING OPTION A1.1 OPTION A1.2 OPTION B1 OPTION B2 OPTION B3 OPTION C1
CONSULTATION Heritage Urban Design Adjoining uses Key Stakeholders
OPERATIONS Ability to increase visitor numbers Ability to increase public programs Efficiency of operations Ability to attract sponsorship and benefaction Ability to attract significant international exhibitions and loans Ability to grow revenue from events. Shop, catering, etc.
IMPLEMENTATION Buildability NA Maintain operations NA
SUB TOTAL 12 3 5 10 6 7 8 7 7 8 7 8 13 7 TOTAL 59 8 32 26 17 33 23 42 9 54 9 58 20 48
CRITERIA RANKING CULTURAL ASSET VALUE NA 3 3 6 2 1 3 PRECINCT NA 4 4 6 1 1 3 MASTERPLAN NA 6 5 4 2 1 3 CONSULTATION NA 1 2 3 6 4 3 OPERATIONS NA 5 1 1 1 1 6 IMPLEMENTATION NA 1 5 2 3 3 6 OVERALL POINTS NA 20 20 22 15 11 24 OVERALL RANK 3 4 5 2 1 6
MINOR BENEFIT MEDIUM BENEFIT SIGNIFICANT BENEFIT NEGATIVE IMPACT MEDIUM NEGATIVE IMPACT SIGNIFICANT NEGATIVE IMPACT
JOHNSON PILTON WALKER 61 6 Analysis
Precendent Comparisons
The following diagrams at right indicate the relative size of the Art Gallery of New South Wales to other Australian and International Art Galleries and Museums.
The Gallery, when compared to other prominent Musee du Quai Branly Australian and International institutions on the Paris, France basis of scale, can be considered to be of a small to Louisiana Museum of Modern Art medium size. Humlebæk, Denmark National Gallery of Australia If the Gallery intends to compete with both Canberra, Australia Australian and International landmark institutions, there is a necessity for growth.
National Portrait Gallery Canberra, Australia Kimbell Art Museum Tjibaou Cultural Centre Fort Worth, USA Noumea, New Caledonia
Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery Hobart, Australia
Morgan Library New York, USA
Natural History Museum Walsall Art Gallery Paris, France Walsall, UK NGV, Ian Potter Gallery Powerhouse Melbourne, Australia Wallace Collection Sydney, Australia London, UK
Art Gallery of New South Wales Sydney, Australia
Yale Centre for British Art Naturalis Museum Rosenthal Centre for Connecticut, USA City Arts Museum Leiden, Netherlands Museum of Sydney Contemporary Arts Manchester, UK Sydney, Australia Cincinnati, USA
Museum of Contemporary Art Sydney, Australia 21 st Century Museum Kanazawa, Japan Crawford Art Gallery Beyeler Cork, Ireland Basel, Switzerland Numbers of Visitors per m2 of Gallery Space
2 INSTITUTION Visitors 2010* GFA Annual Visitors / m Dulwich Picture Gallery London, UK National Maritime Museum Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), New York, USA 5,216,488 58,500 89.17 Sydney, Australia British Museum, London, UK 5,842,138 75,000 77.90 De Young Museum Ashmolean Museum San Francisco, USA De Young Museum, San Francisco, USA 2,043,854 27,221 75.08 Oxford, UK Victoria and Albert Museum, London, UK 2,629,065 45,000 58.42 NGV Ian Potter Gallery, Federation Square, Melbourne 717,676 16,000 44.85 Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney 1,004,404 23,227 43.24 Gallery of Modern Art GoMA and QAG, Brisbane (Combined figures) 1,379,583 43,635 31.62 Brisbane, Australia This table illustrates that the AGNSW has Museo National Centro De Art Reina Sofia, Madrid, Spain 2,313,532 84,000 27.54 more than twice the number of visitors, per Australian Museum National Gallery of Australia, Canberra 973,348 41,248 23.60 square metre of GFA, than the Louvre. Sydney, Australia NGV International, Melbourne 820,632 35,500 23.12 It also shows that the AGNSW is one of the Louvre, Paris, France 8,500,000 400,000 21.25 most intensively used cultural institutions Museum of Applied Arts & Sciences (Powerhouse), Sydney 673,913 35,000 19.25 in Australia, with most others having a Melbourne Museum, Melbourne 1,164,139 90,000 12.93 “density of visitors” only about half that of * 2010, or latest available figures - approximate only the Gallery.
ART GALLERY OF NEW SOUTH WALES MASTERPLAN FRAMEWORK 62 Museum of Modern Art New York, USA
Field Museum Chicago, USA
British Museum London, UK
Victoria & Albert Museum London, UK
Museo National Centro De Art Reina Sofia Madrid, Spain Getty Centre Los Angeles, USA
Centre Pompidou Royal Ontario Museum Paris, France Toronto, Canada Natural History Museum London, UK
Siza Expo 98 Lisbon, Portugal
NGV, International National Museum of Australia Melbourne, Australia Canberra, Australia
Louvre Museum Paris, France
Smithsonian National Portrait Gallery Washington, USA
American Natural History Museum Melbourne Museum, MOV New York, USA Melbourne, Australia
JOHNSON PILTON WALKER 63 6 Analysis
Redevelopment Models
There are three general options open to the British Museum Victoria & Albert Museum Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum Gallery which might be adopted to deal with London, UK London, UK Glasgow, UK the issues identified in Strategic Options Volume 1: Status Quo 2008-2011. The British Museum clarified and simplified its public space and Faced with circulation issues and a need to respond to the CONSTRUCTION COST > (GBP) £28M circulation system by limiting the number of floors that were publicly contemporary demands of a internationally regarded and historically This project was initiated and completed with the intention of accessible and creating a central orientation space within the existing significant cultural institution, the V&A initiated ‘Future Plan’ to modernising: These are: footprint of the Museum. rejuvenate the Museum: ...the most popular museum in the UK outside London which involved > Redevelopment within the existing footprint; The Great Court, within the historically significant confines of the FuturePlan developments will provide enhanced welcome and sensitive reinstatement and extension of a Grade A-listed [heritage] Museum, thus became a powerful orientation device and the central orientation facilities as well as a significantly extended education building. space that connects all circulation paths, both physically and visually. > Building a New Wing; or programme. It will also revamp the collections with a clearer layout [The] lower-ground stores and staff accommodation [were and more imaginative and informative displays. The British Galleries relocated], creating space for a new restaurant, education suite > Building a New Gallery have already shown how the V&A’s rich collections can be displayed. and environmentally controlled exhibition space, while a new north Under V&A FuturePlan, displays of the collections will be radically entrance provided Kelvingrove’s first barrier-free access and... recast to evoke the cultures from which the objects come. State-of- rationalised parking area freed up space for recreation. Which strategy is adopted is dependant upon the-art information technology and labelling will engage visitors with the works on many levels. Vertical circulation for visitors was enhanced by relocating lifts and which one is seen as being most appropriate two new public staircases which link the new exhibition space to an for the Gallery. The qualities of the original building will be emphasised to reveal the impressive central hall. Museum’s remarkable architecture, and previously hidden spaces will be opened up. The scheme will result in a truly 21st-century museum EXTRACTS SOURCED FROM: BDP website The examples shown here are instances http://www.bdp.com/Projects/By-Name/F-L/Kelvingrove-Art-Gallery-and-Museum/ of art and design that will be an invaluable resource for students, where other large international museums educators, the creative industries and general visitors alike. and cultural institutions have responded to EXTRACTS SOURCED FROM: V&A Museum website similar issues to those presently faced by http://www.vam.ac.uk/futureplan/index.html the Art Gallery of NSW.
Section through entrance axis and Great Court, British Museum NTS @ A3
V&A Museum, Cromwell Road Facade Morris Room, V&A Museum Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum interior gallery Image: http://www.vandaimages.com Image: http://www.vandaimages.com Image: David Babour, BDP web-site, http://www.bdp.com/
Great Court, British Museum Sculpture Gallery, V&A Museum Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum central hall Image: wikimedia web-site, http://www.wikimedia.org Image: http://www.vandaimages.com Image: David Babour, BDP web-site, http://www.bdp.com/
ART GALLERY OF NEW SOUTH WALES MASTERPLAN FRAMEWORK 64 New Wing RECOMMENDED STRATEGY New Gallery
Museum of Fine Arts Royal Ontario Museum, Michael Lee-Chin Crystal National Gallery of Art, East Wing De Young Museum Boston, USA Toronto, Canada Washington, USA San Francisco, USA
CONSTRUCTION COST > (USD) $500M CONSTRUCTION COST (CAD) $270M The new wing of the NGA, Washington sits adjacent to the original The purpose built Museum for the collection of the Fine Arts The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston is internationally recognised for the The new wing of the Royal Ontario Museum (ROM) stitches a Neoclassical wing and is connected above ground via a piazza and also Museums of San Francisco was designed by Herzog & de Meuron, scope and quality of its collections. It stages an increasingly dynamic contemporary building into the heritage fabric of the existing below ground via passageways for visitors and artefacts. opening in 2005. programme of exhibitions, lectures, films and educational events and galleries and provides new public facilities, new gallery and a new A larger section of the new wing accommodates new exhibition space The new landmark museum which integrates art, architecture and the is visited by more than one million people every year. However, in contemporary presence on a busy Toronto street. located off a large atrium space which serves as an entrance and cultivated landscape of an urban park, replaces the old facility which common with many such institutions that have grown incrementally orientation space for the wing. Within a smaller eight-storey building formally occupied the same site but was severely damaged by an over the years, the sheer scale of this audience places a great strain adjacent to the atrium the administrative functions and a study centre earthquake in 1989. on the Museum’s facilities. This masterplan presents a clear strategic for the visual arts are housed. framework within which the Museum’s current accommodation will eventually be doubled to provide new galleries, a study centre, and temporary exhibition and education spaces. In the process, the visitor experience will be transformed. ..the rejunvination project establishes a creative dialogue between the old and the new, and strengthening links with the local community by making the building more open and accessible. At the core of the scheme is the restoration of the symmetry and logic of the Museum’s original Beaux-Arts plan, devised in 1907 by the American architect ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND CONNECTIONS Guy Lowell. Following Lowell’s intentions, the central axis of the main building on Huntington Avenue is reasserted with the reintroduction of the main entrance to the south and the reopening of the north entrance, which is currently closed to visitors. At the heart of this axis is a new information centre, from where all visitors will begin their tour of the galleries. A glazed structure – ‘a crystal spine’ – provides new accommodation and partly encloses the two grand courtyards at the centre of the Museum in a glass ‘jewel box’, creating valuable new space for visitor orientation, cafés, sculpture and special events.
EXTRACT SOURCED FROM: Foster and Partners web-site http://www.fosterandpartners.com/Projects/1049/Default.aspx
Plan of ROM with new wing highlighted Plan of NGA with new wing and connecting forecourt highlighted Plan of De Young Museum - the whole of the Museum was newly built in 2005 NTS @ A3 NTS @ A3 NTS @ A3
MFA Masterplan (new works outlined in red) ROM, street frontage NGA East Wing atrium Image: Foster + Partners web-site, http://www.fosterandpartners.com Image: ROM web-site, http://www.rom.on.ca/crystal/index.php Image: Richard Johnson, JPW
MFA interior gallery ROM interface between old and new work NGA West Wing entrance NGA West Wing entrance Image: Foster + Partners web-site, http://www.fosterandpartners.com Image: ROM web-site, http://www.rom.on.ca/crystal/index.php Image: Richard Johnson, JPW Image: Richard Johnson, JPW
JOHNSON PILTON WALKER 65 6 Analysis
Redevelopment Options
OPTION B3.1 This option involves a new institution of similar size, which would be constructed adjacent to the current
Art Gallery of New South Wales. SUBSTATION The new building would not be physically connected Total GFA = 25,000 m² to the original building and would have a separate function, however the two buildings would run in coordination with each other. The existing heritage fronted building would keep its current entrance and foyer, and the new building LAND BRIDGE would have a fully accessible main entrance and foyer space.
OPTION B3.2 This option involves a new wing of similar size, which would be constructed adjacent to the current Art
Gallery of New South Wales. SUBSTATION A corridor of public space would connect the new Total GFA = 25,000 m² building with the current building. A new entrance a foyer would be included within the new building. The existing building would retain its current entrance and foyer. LAND BRIDGE
OPTION B3.3 This option involves a new wing of similar size, which would be constructed adjacent to the
current Art Gallery of New South Wales. Total GFA = 25,000 m² SUBSTATION A corridor of public space would connect the new 50% PUBLIC SPACE building with the current building. 50% NON-PUBLIC SPACE A new Main Entrance would be located along this corridor between the two buildings, serving access to both institutions. The entrance to the existing building would LAND BRIDGE become a ceremonial entrance.
ART GALLERY OF NEW SOUTH WALES MASTERPLAN FRAMEWORK 66 Gallery Typology
EXISTING RELATIONSHIPS IDEAL FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS IDEAL TYPOLOGY Gallery Typology and Functional Relationships The Gallery, in its current configuration, has a complex AGNSW FORECOURT arrangement of functional relationships between galleries, public spaces and back of house. FORECOURT FORECOURT (CLOAKING/VISITOR SERVICE/TICKETING) The ideal arrangement of functional relationships would CLOAKS CLOAKS MAIN ENTRANCE CLOAKS GROUPS lead to greater efficiencies in the functioning of the INFORMATION DESK TEMP. EX. SHOP VESTIBULE GALLERIES PUBLIC / FRONT OF HOUSE Gallery, a better visitor experience and better security SHOP EXHIBITION INITIAL TEMPORARY TEMPORARY ORIENTATION for BOH areas GALLERIES SHOP EXHIBITIONS EXHIBITIONS GALLERIES EDUCATION The relationships of functional space within the
& TICKETING CAFE SPACE THEATRE RETAIL THEATRE TICKETING EDUCATION
RESOURCE FUNCTIONS existing building are fragmented, complex and RESTAURANT EDUCATION & CAFE & CENTRE INFORMATION & GROUP RECEPTION GRAND COURT TEMPORARY RESOURCE CENTRE MEMBERS FACILITIES CHILDREN’S ACTIVITY RESOURCE & EXHIBITION confusing. EXHIBITIONS CENTRE CENTRAL COURTYARD
CIRCULATION EXHIBITIONS GALLERY EXHIBITION TEMPORARY RESTAURANT & TEMPORARY GALLERY EXHIBITIONS FUNCTIONS ORIENTATION STAFF EXHIBITIONS EXHIBIT ZONE & ENTRY CENTRAL BACK OF HOUSE CIRCULATION EXHIBITION LOADING BACK OF MEMBERS GALLERIES DOCK SERVICES THEATRE GOODS & ARTEFACT HOUSE TEMP. EX. SHOP LOADING GALLERY SPACE GALLERY SPACE GALLERY SPACE GALLERY SPACE GALLERY SPACE GALLERY SPACE GALLERY SPACE GALLERY SPACE
EXHIBITION SECURITY LINE BOH EXHIBITION EXHIBITION EXHIBITION GALLERIES CAFE GALLERIES GALLERIES EXHIBITION GALLERIES GALLERIES
RESTAURANT & STORAGE THEATRE SECURITY SECURITY LINE
FUNCTIONS WORKSHOPS INSTALLATION CURATORIAL & LOADING DOCK CONSERVATION STAFF FACILITIES ADMINISTRATION AGS BOH STAFF LOADING GROUPS GALLERIES GALLERIES GALLERIES BACK OF HOUSE ENTRY DOCK BACK OF HOUSE
GOODS ARTEFACT LOADING LOADING
> The scale of the entrance, including external spaces, is > A legible and flexible circulation system that connects all Rationalising the functional relationships would: inadequate to deal with visitor numbers and particularly zones effectively is crucial to any art gallery; > Give greater legibility to physical and conceptual school groups; > Any circulation system must establish connections that orientation for the Gallery; > The entrance is not accessible for those with mobility naturally lead visitors through the foyer to the exhibition > Give greater prominence to public and group spaces disabilities; spaces and other facilities, and provide opportunities such as an educational and research centre; and for physical and conceptual orientation, and appropriate > The existing relationships within the building is unclear positions for rest and group assembly across the site; > Allow for greater efficiencies in the day-to-day with disparate functional relationships; functioning of the Gallery. > Back of House circulation routes for staff and collections > The same circulation system is used by public patrons, need to be efficient, and some functional spaces must staff and also for goods and artefacts which complicates be co-located to meet operational objectives; and security and general day to day operations; > A clear security hierarchy for each section is very > There is no clear physical or conceptual orientation desirable. system in place for exhibitions, collections and other public spaces; > Key public spaces are scattered through the building; > Functions and events often occupy exhibition and circulation spaces which presents a number of operational and security challenges; and > Back of house areas are separated from each other which presents problems for staff.
Schematic Perspective of Option B3 Not to scale @ A3
JOHNSON PILTON WALKER 67 7 Recommendations
Indicative Site Planning
1 ENABLE THE GALLERY TO BE A 21st 4 GALLERY CIRCULATION 6 STAFF SPACE CENTURY CULTURAL INSTITUTION Foyer The majority of staff spaces are to be decanted from the existing building and consolidated within the new wing. WORTHY OF A GLOBAL CITY Strengthen connections to a revitalised forecourt and Faced with space and operational restrictions for with a new foyer serving both general entry and group exhibitions, collections, staff, storage, public facilities and entry. Provide appropriate cloaking and visitor sevices at public programs the Gallery must expand and improve its the entry. 7 SERVICES & LOADING DOCK facilities which are the cause of many problems. Artefacts Loading Dock Circulation WELCOMING AND CLEAR IDENTITY At a minimum, the following should be considered for a 2 Improve circulation and orientation to existing gallery new loading dock: The Gallery should maintain a singular identity rather display spaces while stitching the new wing’s circulation > A new dedicated loading and handling area for art, that than splitting and compromising its status as the State’s into an integrated holistic system. can be separated from other loading dock and back of preeminent cultural institution. Connect the circulation system to the harbour and house areas, and including vehicle docks, unpacking and While the frontage to Art Gallery Road is impressive, it parklands to create a unique gallery and Sydney experience. preparation areas, and associated management spaces; does not project a contemporary image, and the existing > The loading dock should be large enough to entrance does not provide an accessible entry for all. accommodate a variety of service vehicles, including articulated container lorries (up to 19 m in length, A contemporary image should define the entry and PUBLIC SPACES showcase the relevance, accessibility and diverse 5 including cabin), and have adequate height for unloading appeal of the Gallery’s facilities and services. Learning Centre, Research Library & Archive large or irregularly shaped objects; This expression must also complement the Gallery’s Decant existing Research Library and Archive from > Direct access to primary vertical circulation system from important heritage assets and unique setting. current location in the Vernon Wing and provide a all loading dock areas; Learning Centre with state-of-the-art IT capabilities and > Security control point to the loading and service access to all Gallery archival and resource material within areas at the entrance, with additional security zones/ 3 CLARIFY ENTRY & IMPROVE EXTERIOR the new wing. points within the loading dock to be control access to PUBLIC SPACE Locate this important public facility in an easy to access, circulation systems; and 3 Forecourt prominent location. > Anticipate spaces and functions that require direct Rationalise the forecourt road system and provide coach access and relate to exhibition preparation. pick-up/drop-off points and accessible parking. Gallery & Exhibition Space Enable forecourt to accommodate large scale art installations and use as a performance space. Create major new gallery spaces that complement the Goods Loading Dock existing display spaces in the current buildings. Provide seamless connection between new and old assets. The existing loading dock should be converted into a Create major new exhibition spaces that are suitable for dedicated general goods and maintenance loading bays Main Entry major travelling exhibitions and blockbusters. independent from the artefact loading area. Create a suitably sized new main entry for regular patrons and groups that is accessible for all. Support major new display spaces with 21st century technology hubs. Provide a strong visual connection into the Gallery’s pubic 8 TRANSPORT facilities from the forecourt. Carparking Maintain the historic, ceremonial entry to the Vernon Wing. Groups Entry, Cloak, Shop & Information Desk On-site carparking under the new wing of the Gallery. Domain Parking Station Group Entry New groups entry, shop and information desk located Provide group entry from the forecourt with suitable group adjacent to new entry and foyer. Bus and Coach entry services and multiple coach drop-off/pick-up areas. Coach drop-off and pick-up points for groups and Sculpture Court Visitor Services separate bus stop for state transit routes. Create a major new sculpture court on the land bridge to Create major new functions and restaurant spaces that the east of the new wing. capitalise on the unique setting and harbour views. Pedestrian Through Access Create a secure pedestrian route through/under the new foyer to improve pedestrian permeability and create a unique interaction between the gallery and the city. Signage and Access Indicative Planning Schematic - Option B3 Improve precinct signage and connections to the Gallery Not to scale @ A3 from the Domain Parking Station, The Domain, Botanic Gardens and Woolloomooloo.
ART GALLERY OF NEW SOUTH WALES MASTERPLAN FRAMEWORK 68 ART GALLERY ROAD
8 BUS-STOPS 8 1 COACHES 3 GALLERY PIAZZA 3 2 BOH (under) >>Catering CEREMONIAL BOH (under) >>Security ENTRANCE >Admin. >>Stores GALLERY >AGS >Workshops GALLERY CLOAKS CLOAKS >Stores 6
GALLERY 4 FOYER ENTRY AND GALLERY EXHIBITION GALLERY GALLERY ORIENTATION
4 VERTICAL VERTICAL VERTICAL
CIRCULATION CIRCULATION INFO ARTEFACTS 7 8 & BOH
GRAND COURT LOADING DOCK SHOP CAFE GALLERY GALLERY
DOCK TERRACE & 7 SCULPTURE GOODS LOADING GOODS LOADING VERTICAL COURT RESEARCH LIBRARY AND CIRCULATION KITCHEN ARCHIVE 3 EXHIBITION 5 LINCOLN CRESCENT RESTAURANT & FUNCTIONS ROOM 24 HOUR THROUGH ACCESS COLLECTION GALLERIES
JOHNSON PILTON WALKER 69 Johnson Pilton Walker Pty Ltd ACN 095 778 886 Level 10 Plaza Building, Australia Square 95 Pitt Street Sydney NSW 2000 Australia Richard Johnson, Director Graeme Dix, Director T +61 2 9259 5900 F +61 2 9259 5999 E [email protected] W www.jpw.com.au
Art Gallery of New South Wales Art Gallery Road, The Domain Sydney NSW 2000 Australia Anne Flanagan, Deputy Director T +61 2 9225 1799 F +61 2 9225 1701 E [email protected] W www.ag.nsw.gov.au
Art Gallery of NSW in city context Image: AGNSW
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