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A Study on Entomo-Fauna As Recorded from Cauliflower Crop in an Agro-Ecosystem Near Bikaner, Rajasthan, India

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A Study on Entomo-Fauna As Recorded from Cauliflower Crop in an Agro-Ecosystem Near Bikaner, Rajasthan, India Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2016) 5(4): 539-545 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 5 Number 4 (2016) pp. 539-545 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2016.504.061 A Study on Entomo-Fauna as Recorded from Cauliflower Crop in an Agro-Ecosystem near Bikaner, Rajasthan, India Dheeraj Bhati and Meera Srivastava* Laboratory of Entomology, Govt. Dungar College, Bikaner 334001, Rajasthan, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT K eywo rd s Cauliflower, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L. belonging to family Brassicaceae Cauliflower, (Cruciferae) is a very popular winter vegetable Rabi crop cultivated especially in Entomo -Fauna, North India. The crop is also cultivated in the State of Rajasthan during winter. Agro-Ecosystem, Ecologically, insects play many different roles as pests, predators and parasites, Cage Net, pollinators, decomposers and scavengers and so forth. Looking into this, the Rajasthan . present study was conducted to document the entomo-fauna associated with this Article Info crop in the region. An indigenously designed cage net was employed for collection. In all, 71 insects belonging to 6 orders and 32 families were collected from the Accepted: crop, of which based on density 6 were dominant, 53 frequent and 12 were rare 20 March 2016 Available Online: forms. The maximum density as well as diversity was found in the month of 10 April 2016 November, while, minimum in the month of April 2013. Introduction Cauliflower, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis The crop is also cultivated in the State of L. belonging to family Brassicaceae Rajasthan during winter. The state of (Cruciferae) is a very popular winter Rajasthan, the land with vivid topographical vegetable Rabi crop cultivated especially in features and geographically, is located North India. Typically, only the head (the between 23o3’-30o12’ N and 69o30’-78o17’ white curd) of aborted floral meristem is E. Bikaner district lies in North–Western eaten, while the stalk and surrounding thick, part of Rajasthan located between 27°11' green leaves are used in vegetable broth or and 29°03' North latitudes and 71°52' and discarded. Cauliflower is low in fat, but high 74°12' East longitudes. The district has a dry in dietary fibre, folate, water, and vitamin C, climate with large variation in temperature possessing a high nutritional density. and has scanty rainfall. The summer months Cauliflower contains several are extremely hot with the day temperature phytochemicals, usually occurring in the sometimes going up to 49.9°C, May being cabbage family that may be beneficial to the hottest month. During winter the human health. A high intake of cauliflower minimum temperature sometimes drops up has been associated with reduced risk of to 0°C, January being the coldest month. aggressive prostate cancer. Ecologically, insects play many different 539 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2016) 5(4): 539-545 roles as pests, predators and parasites, belonging to 6 orders and 32 families were pollinators, decomposers and scavengers collected from the crop, of which based on and so forth. Looking into this, the present density 6 were dominant, 53 frequent and 12 study was conducted to document the insects were rare forms. The maximum density as associated with this crop in the region. well as diversity was found in the month of November, while, minimum in the month of Materials and Methods April 2013. The agro-ecosystems in the form of crop Of the seventeen lepidopteran species fields studied lie about 10 to 15 km away documented, based on density, thirteen were from the city, covering an area of 6 hectares frequent (D. chrysippus, L. boeticus, Zizina each. These are irrigated by sewage water. sp., E. hecabe, A. aurota, C. pomona, C. In all six crop fields were covered during the vestalis, C. indica, H. recurvalis, Tephrina present survey from September 2012 to sp., U. pulchella, S. exigua and A. ipsilon) April 2013 and September 2013 to April and four (H. ornata, L. orbonalis, Hymenia 2014 when the crop of cauliflower was sp. and A. styx) were rare forms. Among, cultivated. twelve coleopteran species documented, eight were frequent (Cicindella sp., A. An indigenously designed cage (net) of bengalensis, O. catta, O. bonasus, P. 1m×1m×1m of nylon mesh was used for the nasutus, A. ferruginea, C. septempunctata purpose as also used by Saigal (2002). The and M. sexmaculatus), four were cage covered the 1m3 volume while holding (unidentified species A & B, H. truncatulus the crop inside. The fauna trapped within the and Myllocerus sp.) rare species. X. cage was mechanically picked up. Using fenestrata, A. cerana and A. mellifera were cage the insects were collected between documented as three dominant 7A.M to 11A.M. Sampling was done hymenopteran species, while, Enicospilus fortnightly. The insects collected by the sp., Campsomeris sp., Scoliasoror sp., D. above method were transferred to killing affinis, Formica sp., Pepsis sp., P. carolina, bottles and the killed insects were preserved. Halictus sp., X. violacea, A. dorsata, A. Large winged insects were put to dry florea, unidentified species A, B and C were preservation by pinning them in insect fourteen frequent forms. boxes, while, smaller insects were preserved in 70% alcohol. The fauna were sorted out Of the total eleven hemipteran species, eight group-wise and identifications were made (D. cingulatus, Clavigrella sp., N. viridula, following pertinent literature. Help from the A. janus, A. spinidens, Piezodorus sp., section of Entomology, Department of Oncocephalus sp. and unidentified species Agriculture, Bikaner and Desert Regional B) were frequent, three (B. hilaris, Alcaeus Station of the Zoological Survey of India, sp. and unidentified species C) were rare Jodhpur was also taken for identification and forms. Chrotogonus sp., S. gregaria, for confirmation. Ochrilidia sp., O. chinensis, Pyrgomorpha sp., Atractomorpha sp. and unidentified Results and Discussion species A, were the seven frequently noted, while, only one species Acrida sp. was a rare The cauliflower was cultivated in the agro- form among the eight orthopteran insects. ecosystem during September to April. The Among six dipteran insect species, three entomofauna collected from this crop has were dominant which included C. been presented in Table 1. In all, 71 insects quinquefasciatus, S. peregrina and M. 540 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2016) 5(4): 539-545 domestica and three were frequent forms cabbage loopers Plusia orichalcea and (Stichopogon sp., syrphid fly and D. Trichoplusia sp. and diamond back moth cucurbitae). Plutella xylostella by Sachan & Gangwar (1990). Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. is The present work gets support from the extensively grown both in hills and valleys earlier work by various authors. Cruciferous of Manipur and is damaged by a variety of vegetables viz. cabbage, cauliflower and insect pests of which cabbage butterfly knol-knol grown in and around Shillong Pieris brassicae L. was observed as a have been found to be attacked by different problem pest by Shri Ram & Pathak (1992). insect pests which include cabbage butterfly Mitra & Banerjee (2007) reported Pieris brassicae, cabbage aphid Brevicoryne cauliflower to be pollinated by flies. brassicae, mustard aphid Lipaphis erysimi, cutworms Agrotis ipsilon and A. flammatra, Table.1 Entomofaunal Diversity and Density (Number/Trap*) on Cauliflower During the Period of Study Ma Ap Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb May Status r r Order: Leptdoptera Family:Danaidae Danaus chrysippus - - - - - - - - - 2 3 3 - - - - - F Linn. Family:Lycaenidae Lampides boeticus - - - - - - - - - - 2 2 1 - - - - F Linn. Zizina sp. - - - - - - - - - - 2 2 - 1 - - - F Family:Pieridae Eurema hecabe Linn. 1 1 1 1 - - - - 1 1 4 4 2 1 - 1 - F Anaphaeis aurota Fab. 1 - - - - - - - 1 1 5 4 1 - - - - F Catopsila pomona - 1 1 - - - - 1 1 4 4 - - - - - F Cramer Colotis vestalis Butler - - 1 1 - - - - - - 2 1 - - - - - F Family: Hesperiidae Hesperilla ornata - 1 - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - R Leach. Family: Crambidae Leucinodes orbonalis - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 - - - - - R Guenee Cryptographis indica - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 1 1 - - - F Saunders Hymenia recurvalis - - - - - - - - - - 2 1 - 1 - - - F Fab. Hymenia sp. - - - - - - - - - - 2 - - - - - - R Family: Geometridae Tephrina sp. - - - - - - - - - 1 2 1 1 - - - - F Family: Sphingidae Acherontia styx - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - R Family: Arctidae Utethesia pulchella - - - - - - - - - - 3 2 2 1 1 1 - F Linn. Family: Noctuidae Spodoptera exigua - - - - - - - - - 2 2 2 2 - - - - F Hubner Agrotis ipsilon 1 1 - - - - - - - - 3 2 1 - - - - F Hufnagel Order: Coleoptera Family:Cicindelidae Cicindella sp. 3 - - - - - - 1 1 - - - - - - - F 541 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2016) 5(4): 539-545 Ma Ap Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb May Status r r Family: Carabidae Unidentified sp. A - - - 1 - - - - - - 1 1 - - 1 1 - R Family: Scarabaeidae Anomala bengalensis 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - 2 1 1 - - - - F Blanch. Onthophagus catta 2 2 1 1 - - - - - - 2 3 - - - - - F Fab. Onthophagus bonasus - - 1 1 - - - - 2 1 - - 1 - - - - F Fab. Peltonotus nasutus - - - - - - - - - - - 2 2 2 - - - F Arrow Apogonia ferruginea - - - 2 - - - - - - 2 1 3 - - - - F Fab. Unidentified sp. B 2 - - - - - - - - - - - 2 - - - - R Family: Coccinellidae Coccinella - - - 4 - - - - - - 2 2 - 1 1 1 - F septempunctata Lin. Menochilus - - 2 1 - - - - - 2 - - -
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