sign in sign up
<<
Home , Duke of Edinburgh, Forum 2000, Franz Vranitzky, Gleneagles Dialogue, Hans Tietmeyer, Herman Gref

THE A Partner in Shaping History 1971–2020 “Until one is committed, there is hesitancy, the chance to draw back, always ineffective, concerning all acts of initia- tive (and creation). There is one elementary truth the igno- rance of which kills countless ideas and splendid plans: that the moment one definitely commits oneself, then providence moves too. All sorts of things occur to help one that would never otherwise have occurred. A whole stream of events issues from the decision, raising in one’s favour all manner of unforeseen incidents and meetings and material assistance which no man could have dreamed would have come his way. Whatever you can do or dream you can, begin it. Boldness has genius, power and magic in it. Begin it now.”

Goethe  1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980 1979 1978 1977 1976 1975 1974 1973 1972 1971 Foreword

Davos of Spirit The IGWEL First The Security Tragedy and Club The The Davos Declaration Manifesto Davos The TriumphThe Idea an of Year First The to Invitation Enterprises Pioneering of Search In of Midst the In Now, the World Economic Forum Davos Diplomacy West the and World Arab the Bridging Davos Goes Global Public Global in the Entrepreneurship inMandela Davos aCoup War and Despite Agenda Industry the On Change, Celebration and Competitiveness to Door the Opening One Thousand Members Members Thousand One New the Europe and Reunification German Membership Global

136 132 124 116 108 102 98 90 84 80 72 64 58 52 48 42 40 38 36 32 28 24 20 12 08

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 2003 2002 2001 2000 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004

The Mission Ahead Revolution Industrial Fourth The The Great Transformations: Reshaping the World Crisis YearThe Global of Growth of Drivers New The Anniversary 30th The The UN Global Compact A Mounting Backlash against A Missed Opportunity International Institution for Public-Private Cooperation Dynamism Resilient of search In World Future in aFractured Shared Business Everybody’s is Cooperation Strengthening Summer Davos Summer Partnership forPartnership Inclusive & Sustainable Globalization Reshaping the World through Inclusion Responsive and Responsible Leadership Industries Global for Centre the Building Young and Leaders Industry with Partnerships Forging York in New Davos New Home Global Shapers Global Global Brains Trust Overcoming Indifference Global Tensions, Open Forum World the of State the to Improving Committed

368 358 344 334 326 316 308 300 292 286 278 270 258 248 242 230 224 218 210 202 190 182 172 162 152 144

  , Founder and Executive Chairman, World Economic Forum Economic World Chairman, Executive and Founder Schwab, Klaus

© Guillaume Megevand The World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2020 marks The Annual Meeting has acritical also been platform Through the years, numerous business, government West, introducing emerging such as China world are first discerned and where ideas for changes was held in Davos, . In 1987, the European the 50th yearthe 50th of the organization, which was founded trust in the power of dialogue and exchange on based to improving the state of the world, and the Forum’s ticipation of leaders sharing the Forum’s commitment the Forum’s stake to dedication among collaboration that have shaken the world have conceived been or to the forefront the latest trends and developments in the world, promoting understanding between East and to consider the major global issues of the day and to the Forum’s and focus. scope year,that first theSymposiumEuropean for furthering and reconciliation peace in many of parts Swiss Alpine venue resort, the perfect for agathering Davos has aplace where been incipient changes in the Forum and the European Management Symposium be Management Forum was renamed the World Economic in 1971 as the European Management Forum. In January holders, the steadfast adherence to high-level par refined. What has never changed since itsbeginning is brainstorm on solutions to address these challenges. curity, from architecture to philanthropy. se informationglobal from to – technology field every and India to the international community, and bringing Meeting,Annual reflectingthe expansion the of came and civil leaders have society made their way to the Foreword - - - -

  This provides book a year-by-year summary of the high years. This however, book, does not render an account What is clear from this compilation of impressions, in which it has concerned. been Rather this history lays out the motivation, strategies and spirit that have driven the the important most issues on the global agenda over the today is widely regarded as the world’s foremost multi tions or the powerful political leaders attending their Since 1971, the World Economic Forum has undertak For the part, it most tells the Forum’s through story the Forum around the world are distinguished by the active issues on the global agenda. ing and indeed all the activities and initiatives of the lights of the five decades of the World Economic Forum. launching numerous initiatives, publishing various re various publishing initiatives, numerous launching ports annuallyports and convening thousands of task forces promising, all working together in the collaborative and participation of government, business and civil soci mutual respect and civility to bridge divides and shape stakeholder for platform addressing the pressing most sights and memories is that the Forum has evolved from of everything that the Forum did or all the issues with and working groups. The Forum gave special focus to all ofen host activities, a organizing over 1,000 meetings, strategies business discuss into organization an that corporate managers and their stakeholders together to yet modest a groundbreaking attempt to bring European and its leadership, well as through as media reports. eyes of its members, the participants in its activities, collegial Spirit of Davos. most the and experienced most both figures,the ety gatherings, the World Economic Forum Annual Meet global institutions are notable for the breadth of na actionable solutions to global challenges. While many THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY

10 ------Today the World Economic Forum is shaping global, re The World Economic Forum’s significance as an impor Forum’s an EconomicWorld as significance The The history of the years past 50 should as an in serve tant actor in highlighted has global been affairs in 2015 to improving the state of the world. Public Private Cooperation. Private Public Forum’s development as it has worked to promote and Development Goals. it aprivilaged in partner addresssing the Sustainable by its recognition as the international Organisation for ments, internationalments, and organisations, support entrepreneurshipsupport in the global public interest. spiration to our and collaborators to partners our 800 to strategic cooperation framework agreement, making

continue this work in the years ahead – ever committed committed ever – ahead years the in work this continue academia. It has concluded with the United Nations a companies in initiatives, in collaboration with gover gional and agendas, industry engaging it’s partner 1000 FOREWORD 11 Klaus Schwab Klaus - - - -

 1971 The first European Management Symposium in Davos drew a full house full a drew Davos in Symposium Management European first The The inaugural European Management Symposium, which was held held was which Symposium, Management European inaugural The Visitors to the headquarters of the World Economic Forum in Colog Forum Economic World the of to headquarters the Visitors Who are these stakeholders? They include the enterprise’s the include They owners stakeholders? these are Who where the city of Davos is located. The European Management Management European The located. is Davos of city the where the beginning, the organization was rooted in Graubünden (the in Graubünden rooted was organization the beginning, the top managers of corporations to interact with all their stakehold their with all to interact corporations of managers top Forum. In this same year, Klaus Schwab outlined the idea in his idea the outlined year, Schwab Inthis same Klaus Forum. based nominally afoundation as established initially was Forum Davos Spirit – the concept of multistakeholder participation, col participation, multistakeholder of concept the – Spirit Davos the as cherished and known to was become what From start, the in Chur, the cantonal capital, under the supervision of the Swiss Swiss the of supervision the under in Chur, capital, cantonal the in Davos from 24 January to 7 February, was intended to allow intended was to 7February, 24 January from in Davos may which in any or affect way be operates company in the which laboration and congenial exchange – was the foundation of the of foundation the was – exchange congenial and laboration lished in . He argued that the management of a modern amodern of management the that argued He in Frankfurt. lished may in some way or another be counted among the stakeholders stakeholders the among counted be way another or may in some just 10 earlier.just days realize may not that, from , of ny, part residential amainly managers to learn about the latest management techniques and and techniques management latest the about to learn managers book Confederation on 8 February 1971 by an official document dated dated document official an by 1971 February 8 on Confederation ofSwitzerland, side other the on ), canton mountainous the concepts from the most engaging thought leaders in business, European senior for opportunity an as conceived also was It ers. organization. anyof commercial national in the actors of range abroad by it.ed Indeed, communities the including society, and government the well as as and shareholders, customers, suppliers, collaborators of any kind, company. the of prosperity and growth sustained long-term the with achieving charged their trustee as enterprise must serve all stakeholders ( stakeholders all serve must enterprise Enterprise Management in Mechanical Engineering), inMechanical pub was which Enterprise Management The First Year 1971 Management Forum Management Moderne Unternehmensführung im Maschinenbau (Modern 1 Its initial endowment: 25,000 Swiss francs. Swiss 25,000 endowment: initial Its The EuropeanThe die Interessenten ), acting - - - - -

1971 1971 2 Federal Department lawfederal enforcement.) of organization regarding law federal the of 106 Article band lit. 98, (Article Board Foundation the of notification after days 30 within Court Supreme Federal the with lodged be can decree this against complaint court administrative An 3. 2. 1. decreed: is it Law Civil of Code the of 84 Article of application In appropriate. is Confederation Swiss the of supervision the hence, characteristic; international adistinct displays question in Foundation the that shows purpose the Obviously, purpose. its to corresponding belongs it which to municipality) Canton, (Confederation, community the of supervision the under is aFoundation that stipulates Law Civil of Code the of 84 Article SFr. 25’000. of endowment initial an with activity its up takes Foundation The level. international an on especially management, of field the in education further the Foundation can foster particular projects related to research, training and objectives, its of scope the Within management. successful and responsible for concepts and models role of elaboration the in industry, European the particular in and international, the of cooperation acloser serve that events promote to is Foundation the of purpose The Law. Civil of Code the in 80-89 Articles of sense the in exists Chur, in headquartered FORUM”, MANAGEMENT “EUROPEAN of name the by 410), p. 1971, aFoundation February 20 of 42 N° Bulletin Trade Swiss the in (published 1971 8February of Graubünden Canton the of Register Trade the into entry the and 1971 January 29 dated Document official the to According Foundation “EUROPEAN MANAGEMENT FORUM” the of supervision the concerning Interior the of Department Federal the Decree by 1971 3March , 3003 eidgenössisches THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY c) Federal Department for the Trade Register, Effingerstrasse 3, 3003 Bern. 3003 3, Effingerstrasse Register, Trade the for Department c) Federal Chur; 7000 25, Reichsgasse Graubünden, Canton the of b) Register Trade Chur (registered mail); 7, 7000 Bahnhofstrasse notary, and lawyer c/o Dr. iur. D.Capaul, FORUM”, MANAGEMENT “EUROPEAN Foundation the of Board a) Foundation to: Notifications year. financial each of end the after months three within Interior the of Department Federal Swiss the to statements financial and activities its report to required is Board Foundation The Confederation. Swiss the of supervision the under is FORUM” MANAGEMENT “EUROPEAN Foundation The Hans-Peter Tschudi, Federal Councillor, Head of the Department of the Interior, 1959-1973 Interior, the of Department the of Head Councillor, Federal Tschudi, Hans-Peter

departement 2

des

innern

• département

fédéral

de

l ’ intérieur • dipartimento

federale

dell ’ interno 14 Today, such an event might not seem groundbreaking. But consider Today, consider But groundbreaking. seem event an not might such War and raising questions about the role of the in States United the of role the about questions raising War and the world; social movements in developed countries had had countries in developed movements protest social world; the technological, major of aperiod was This times: the of tenor the focused on two themes: in the first week, “The Challenge of the the of Challenge “The week, first the in themes: two on focused Some 450 participants from 31 countries joined 50 faculty mem faculty 50 joined 31 countries from participants 450 Some During the sessions, participants discussed the many factors factors many the discussed participants sessions, the During Structure”. and Strategy Future”, “Corporate second, in the and including prominent professors from the top US business schools. business top US the from professors prominent including and justice; developing nations were struggling to build to build were struggling nations developing justice; and poverty landed recently had Man upheaval. economic and social political, that meeting fortnight-long the for representatives media and bers soon go off the gold standard; Americans would go through one one through go would Americans standard; gold the off go soon would system monetary US the economies; and societies stable over , civil violent sometimes and debate stirred on the moon; the conflict in Vietnam was intensifying the Cold Cold the intensifying was Vietnam in conflict the moon; the on companies should employ to survive these challenges. strategies what and – time the at world business the changing Maschinenbau Moderne Unternehmensführung book Schwab’s im Klaus in shown As THE FIRST YEARTHEEUROPEANMANAGEMENT FORUM Government and Society Economy National , the company is at the centre, surrounded by its stakeholders. its by surrounded centre, the at is company , the Collaborators Shareholders COMPANY (Owners) Suppliers Creditors Customers 15 -

1971 1971 “There is no reason at all why these conferences should not be be not should conferences why all these at reason no is “There The resort of Davos, a picturesque town nestled along avalley along town nestled apicturesque Davos, of resort The 1971, it had recently opened a congress centre. Davos had all the the all had Davos centre. acongress opened 1971, recently had it von Habsburg, physicist and public policy commentator Herman Herman commentator policy public and physicist von Habsburg, West and between North and South, while Maisonrouge addressed addressed Maisonrouge while South, and North between and West where he earned a Master of Public Administration (MPA) Administration Public of degree. aMaster earned he where were other Harvard academics, as well as political scientist Otto Otto scientist political well as as academics, Harvard were other time. “Precisely because Davos is a holiday centre, where people people where centre, aholiday is Davos because time. “Precisely together business leaders and stakeholders to consider strategies their in confidence of crisis a and president a of resignation the the speakers the at speakers the Davosfirst Alsoleadingmeeting. discussions Invited to chair the first European Management Symposium was Symposium Management European first the chair to Invited It was against this backdrop of daunting that change the firstDavos for addressing the critical challenges enterprises face. The venue venue The face. enterprises challenges critical the addressing for Machines (IBM) Corp. Ward spoke on the divides between East and and East between divides the on (IBM) Ward spoke Corp. Machines 1966-1967 the 1962 to spent 1969. from Schwab School Business During his stay, he had forged a close friendship with the legend with the friendship aclose stay, his During forged had he including and John Kenneth Galbraith, who would would who Galbraith, Kenneth John and Kissinger Henry including leadership; conflict in the would heighten concerns concerns heighten would East Middle the in conflict leadership; Kahn, Columbia University Humanities Professor Barbara Ward Barbara Professor Humanities University Columbia Kahn, and coats, sports their have on put suits, business their have shed like Davos”, the at in places held commented Times Financial the in And thinking. clear and health to restoring air vital mountain to deter not as so enough comfortable and accessible to be had of bringing the recognized Schwab Klaus place. took meeting surrounded by peaks, was the setting of Thomas Mann’s Thomas of The Magic setting the was by peaks, surrounded Galbraith, one of the leading of his day, his of among was economists leading the of one Galbraith, University’s Harvard of dean Baker, been Pierce had who George and Jacques G. Maisonrouge, President of International Business Business International of President G. Maisonrouge, Jacques and participants. Davos frequent become eventually academics Harvard prominent other met had and Baker Dean ary ofGovernment, F. Harvard’s John at year School academic Kennedy atmosphere.” informal in ahighly meeting are to the expect attending Davos the relax, conference businessmen CEOs. top for retreat working aproductive hosting for elements and recreation the clusion, relaxation, contemplation, crisp, clean camaraderie. and seclusion of a feeling removed yet tosufficiently attendance fosterparticipants among crisis. energy international an spark and economy global the rock would shocks oil price and security; global about to history, in their leading ordeals political wrenching most the of Mountain (Der Zauberberg). (Der Mountain THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY It was – and remains – a place of se of place a – remains and – was It

16 - - “decisions”, while colour slides illustrating the consequences of “decisions”, consequences the illustrating slides colour while The inaugural European Management Symposium had been a major a major been had Symposium Management European inaugural The The first Davos meeting set a precedent that the Forum has main has that theForum set aprecedent Davosmeeting first The these choices were projected on large screens. large on were projected choices these the predict and consideration under ofstrategies implications the and groups to organize working participants on and programme the communi and information latest the of ever use the since: tained today. relevant highly remain that time the of topics the of impact on computers privacy individual – both edge cutting impact ofthat impact wouldany allocation have resources specific on their businesses and the environment. Monitors displayed the managers’ managers’ the displayed environment. the Monitors and businesses Computer-generatedpanels. were models employed to analyse on ofinformation adatabase created also Forum The participants. success, yielding a profit of 25,000 Swiss francs, which went to went which francs, Swiss 25,000 of profit a yielding success, among interaction facilitate and upto sessions cover set system television aclosed-circuit had Schwab operations, sion-control astically called for the event to be held again the following year. following the again event the held to be for called astically enthusi Participants Forum. Management European the endow agency’s mis space US the from Borrowing technology. cations the opening session at speech keynote the delivered (left) Habsburg von Otto 1971. in Symposium Klaus Schwab welcomes participants to the inaugural European Management THE FIRST YEARTHEEUROPEANMANAGEMENT FORUM 17 - - - -

1971 1971 year, and inthe sciences two doctorates, first in1966 technological with the highest honours. Schwab gained valuable experience experience valuable gained Schwab honours. highest the with between reconciliation to promote in efforts involved heavily was Association (VDMA) in Frankfurt from 1963 to 1966. He spent the the spent to He 1966. 1963 from in Frankfurt (VDMA) Association tumultuous post-World War II reconstruction period in Europe. He in Europe. He period post-World War IIreconstruction tumultuous Schwab Schwab In 1957, Gymnasium, Humanistische the completing after Switzerland. He earned a master’s degree in engineering in 1962, in engineering amaster’s degree earned He Switzerland. Federal Institute Federal of Technology and – – economics simultaneously the grew during up , Schwab in , in 1938, Born in business, working on the shop floor of companies in several companies in of floor shop theworkingon business, in moved to Zurich to study mechanical engineering at the Swiss Swiss the at engineering mechanical tomoved Zurich to study sistant to the Managing Director of the German Machine Building Building Machine German the of Director to Managing the sistant German and French youth. His father was the managing director of of director managing the was father His French youth. and German a master’s degree in economic and social sciences the following following the sciences social and in economic a master’s degree countries during university holidays and later as the personal as personal the as later and holidays university during countries in 1967. were attained in economics degrees his All second the and Fribourg in of Zurich and Universities the at sciences social and associations. business and industry several led who company machinery a Swiss THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship, serving as its chairperson. chairperson. its as serving Entrepreneurship, Social for Foundation Schwab the Klaus with co-founded later and adviser informal an as act to continued Hilde married, were they after Forum the for working ceased she While Forum. Management European the in collaborator first Schwab’s was Hilde Davos. Valley, near Sertig the in 1971 in wedding their at Schwab Hilde and Klaus Klaus Schwab:Klaus Professor, Manager, Visionary

18 - 1966-1967 academic year at , earning aMas University, earning Harvard at year 1966-1967 academic zerland. At the request of VDMA, Schwab wrote a book on modern modern on wrote Schwab a book of VDMA, At request zerland. the With the Escher Wyss-Sulzer merger practically complete, Schwab Schwab complete, practically merger Wyss-Sulzer Escher the With (CEI), an international management institute associated with the with the (CEI), associated institute management international an what in 1987 was renamed the World Economic Forum. Economic World the renamed was in 1987 what the 10,000-employee company with the Sulzer Group. In1969, Sulzer Group. with the he company 10,000-employee the F. (MPA) John Administration the at ter in Public degree Kennedy through which he would execute his plans for a multistakeholder multistakeholder a for plans his execute would he which through plans. those out to carry He was particularly and knowledge. ideas to exchange concerns, In 1972, Klaus Schwab was named a Professor at the University of of University the at aProfessor named was Schwab In 1972, Klaus after and risk, and account financial own his 1971,on January In for Social Entrepreneurship, which Hilde has led since its inception. its since led has Hilde which Entrepreneurship, Social for manage corporate between interaction promote also would forum States, Schwab joined the managing board of Escher Wyss, a Swiss aSwiss Wyss, Escher of board managing the joined Schwab States, United the from to his return Switzerland On ofGovernment. School Schwab focused much of his energy on building and expanding expanding and building on energy his of much focused Schwab con “social and adviser trusted partner, his remained has She that later merged into IMD in Lausanne, Swit into in Lausanne, IMD merged later that Geneva of University Forum, Forum, a thatfoundation non-profit was to thebecome institution industrial group, where he was responsible for the integration of integration the for responsible group, was he where industrial it described the stakeholder theory that was to become the driving driving the towas that become theory stakeholder the described it left Escher Wyss in 1970 and began to focus on his idea to create a to a create his idea on to focus in 1970 began and Wyss Escher left became a part-time professor at the Centre d’Études Industrielles Industrielles d’Études Centre the at apart-time professor became period, taking on two-thirds of a professor’s full teaching load, load, teaching full aprofessor’s of two-thirds on taking period, three-decade that throughout role his academic maintained he That issues. political and business on dialogue to promote platform the Using Davos. of resort ski alpine Swiss in the Symposium ment ment He and set stakeholders. in Geneva up office a three-person keen to bring together European CEOs to and US experts business leaders political and business European allow would that platform in 1971, Published industry. machinery German in the management ”. In 1998, the couple co-founded the Schwab Foundation Foundation Schwab the co-founded science”. couple the In1998, year,same Schwab Hilde married Stoll, his firstcollaborator.Forum Management European the event, the created from Schwab surplus Geneva, where he lectured on business policy until 2003. While While until 2003. policy business on lectured he where Geneva, efforts to raise funding, he organized the first European Manage European first the organized he funding, raise to efforts The techniques. and approaches management latest the discuss Schwab’s of all behind work. future concept core 1 THE FIRST YEARTHEEUROPEANMANAGEMENT FORUM The Foundation’s official base was transferred to in 1992 Cologny to transferred was base official Foundation’s The 19 - - - - -

1971 1972 The second Annual Meeting drew 300 participants 300 drew Meeting Annual second The The novelty of the intimate and intensive high-level meeting in the in the meeting intensive high-level intimate the of and novelty The 1972, the first day of the second Symposium. Notably, a Forum Forum Notably, a Symposium. second the of day first the 1972, While participants in the inaugural European Management Sympo Management European inaugural in the participants While widespread enthusiasm for the enlargement of the European Com European ofthe enlargement the for enthusiasm widespread was the patronage and strong participation of the Commission of of Commission the of participation strong and patronage the was At the second Davos, the Forum focused on Europe, reflecting reflecting Europe, on focused Forum the Davos, second the At the world when he ended the direct convertibility of the American American the of convertibility direct the ended he when world the to be yeara forForum. thedifficult Management fledgling European fewer than the first. Still, as it had done the year before, the Forum Forum the before, year the done had it as Still, first. the than fewer Swiss had quickly vanished. Yet events clearly warranted such Yet such warranted vanished. quickly events clearly had Alps Swiss Reinforcing the European orientation of the 11-day of the orientation European the Reinforcing Symposium and international to provide established was Forum Management 150 participants, 300 attracted Davos second the this, Despite particularly European business with a select forum for the study, the for forum with aselect business European particularly January 22 on aTreaty EC of the signed of Accession members Kingdom. United the and Ireland mark, Den of addition the with countries nine to (EC)six munities from meetings. its all of hallmark Maintaining transferable. not and were personal Invitations nies. sium had been enthusiastic about repeating the event, the repeating 1972 proved about enthusiastic been sium had sponsible and successful management.” successful and sponsible

continued to be selective, inviting only the CEOs of major compa major of CEOs the inviting only selective, to be continued system and fixedthe about monetary international exchangerates. todollar gold, roiling the markets financial and raising uncertainty USinflation,and PresidentRichardtackle economy Nixonshocked 15 1971, On August to aiming stabilize country’s his challenges. a gathering of totop leaders on business and reflect issues global discussion and determination of and concepts objectives for re thedefined Foundation’s document goalas follows: “The European exclusivity would remain a steadfast practice of the Forum and a and Forum the of practice steadfast a remain would exclusivity The TriumphThe Idea an of 1972 1 Coincidentally, the new the Coincidentally, 2

- - - - -

1972 1972 The second Davos The marked second the first time that a the Forum welcomed of Deutsche Chairman J. Abs, Hermann Chairman, Meeting The who became a true friend and strong supporter of the Forum and and Forum the of supporter strong and friend atrue became who Administrator at the US National Aeronautics and Space Adminis Space and Aeronautics National US the at Administrator this meeting was the trade unionist and labour Charles Charles intellectual labour and unionist trade the was this meeting celebrated most the of one and DC (NASA)tration in Washington . distin single the and Other Union Monetary European the re alast As notice. short at participation his to cancel time, had (the Commission), Communities European European the particu Saturn V booster rocket that helped with the first moon landing. moon first the with helped that rocket booster V Saturn Levinson, the General Secretary of the International Federation of of Federation International the of Secretary General the Levinson, the of architect chief the and Center Flight NASA’s Space Marshall chair. meeting the as serve would himself Schwab which for Davos that at leader business European prominent most the and Bank larly the presence in Davos of its Vice-President, , Barre, Raymond Vice-President, its of in Davos presence the larly rocket scientists in the world. He would later become director of of director become later would He world. in the scientists rocket for foundation the laid that Plan Werner so-called the presented head of government – , of President Luxemburg, who sort, Klaus Schwab filled the vacancy. This was the first and only only and first the was This vacancy. the filled Schwab Klaus sort, 1992 until 2001. from Board Foundation the of amember as served One forceful personality from civil society to attract attention at at attention to attract society civil from personality forceful One

guished speakers included Wernher von Braun, Deputy Associate Associate Deputy von Braun, Wernher included speakers guished Invitation to the Forum the to Invitation THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY

22 - - - -

As the Zurich newspaper Neue Zürcher Zurich newspaper the As Zeitung it, second put the the second Symposium and the satisfaction of the business lead business the of satisfaction the and Symposium second the Despite the drop in the number of participants, the discussions at at discussions the participants, of number in the drop the Despite Workers’ Energy, Unions). General Chemical, of and Mine Federation Davos meeting had been the “triumph of an idea.” an of “triumph the been had meeting Davos Chemical and General Workers’ Federation (now Workers’ Federation General International the and Chemical ers ers at the theevent valueof reconfirmed strongly such ameeting. of major companies CEOs the only invite to continued Forum Management European 3 2 1 THE TRIUMPHOFANIDEA23 in a referendum on 25 September 1972 September 25 on areferendum in membership EC rejected citizens its but treaty the signed also From an invitation to the Second European Management Symposium, 1972 Symposium, Management European Second the to invitation an From Neue Zürcher Zeitung Idee”, einer Sieg Managementsymposium: Europäisches “Zweites , 12 Februar 1972 , 12 Februar 3 -

1972 1973 Klaus Schwab welcomes members to the “Club of Davos” of “Club the to members welcomes Schwab Klaus “Code of Ethics” based on Klaus Schwab’s stakeholder concept. Schwab’s concept. Klaus on stakeholder Ethics” of based “Code The The text was approved inunanimously the of finalsession Sym the 30 into some translated eventually was publication landmark The First, Aurelio meeting. Davos this Two distinguished developments The Limits to Growth to Limits The the beginning has adhered to the principle that it should neither neither should it that to principle the adhered has beginning the In 1973, the Foundation began to expand its activities beyond or beyond activities its expand to began Foundation the 1973, In Second, participants spontaneously took the initiative to draft a initiative the to draft took spontaneously participants Second, Manifesto” was a rare exception to arare was this policy.Manifesto” summarizing aspeech delivered industrialist, Italian the Peccei, its its its firstpub president.after aThe studycaused hadsensation lication in 1972 for calling into question the of global of global sustainability the into question in 1972 calling lication for languages and sold more than 12 than copies. more million sold and languages members or participants. What has become known as “The Davos Davos “The as known become has What participants. or members from which Forum, the for achievement a singular was This posium. constraints. environmental and development economic reconcile , the global that he founded and served as as served and founded he that think tank global the ofRome, Club ganizing the annual Davos meeting. To add value to its services, To meeting. Davos services, to its value annual ganizing the add of behalf on opinions any express nor group advocacy an as act to make to had global society that choices the outlined the and economy for scenarios several examined authors the expressed, had Malthus Thomas scholar 18th-century the that demographics about concerns same the of some Reiterating growth. economic The Davos Manifesto 1973 Your Future in Europe”. This Davos meeting was held under under held was Your Europe”. in Future meeting Davos This the honorary sponsorshipthe of honorary His Royal Highness Prince Bern At the third European Management Symposium, the Forum Forum the Symposium, Management European third At the hard of the . The Commission of the European “Shaping theme the under focus European its broadened Communities renewed its patronage. Communities , a book that had been commissioned by the commissioned been had that , abook - - - -

1973 1973 These were:These With these initiatives and the Davos Manifesto, the European Man European the Manifesto, Davos the initiatives and these With the Forum launched three initiatives aimed at capturing and dis and capturing at aimed initiatives three launched Forum the ty and other stakeholders to work together to address important important to address to together work stakeholders other and ty more substantial platform for business, government, civil socie civil government, business, for platform substantial more issues. global pressing of discussion the deepen and pand seminating knowledge through publications, developing regional regional developing publications, through knowledge seminating global issues. and awider to construct deliberately moving was Forum agement ex to communities creating and activities, country-focused and Olivier Giscard d’Estaing, Founding Dean and Director-General of INSEAD of Director-General and Dean Founding d’Estaing, Giscard Olivier THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY • • • the first high-level community of the Forum the of community high-level first the andtween the European community business governments, including the launch of “Synopsis”, a documentation that provid ropean Commission in Brussels in May and the second on on second the and May in Brussels in Commission ropean Eu the at Europe on first the – roundtables two of holding policy and government strategy Germany in Bonn in November – to promote interaction be interaction promote –to November in Bonn in Germany creation of the European Club for Cooperative Management, public on information with leaders business European ed

26 ------harmonize the different interestsharmonize of the the stakeholders. different workersshareholders, and employees, as well and to as societies, The purpose ofA. management professional is to clients, serve bility. Thus, profitability is the necessary means to enable the man the enable to to itsagement employees clients, serve shareholders, and society. means necessary the is profitability Thus, bility. profita sufficient without ensured be cannot existence long-term The enterprise. the of existence long-term the ensure to important economic enterprise for which it is responsible. For this reason, it is the through objectives above the achieve can management The C. B.

1. The management has to serve its clients. It has to satisfy satisfy to has It clients. its serve to has 1. management The Code of Ethics –The Davos Manifesto available to the community. the to available experience and own knowledge its make to has also agement man The objectives. its fulfil to community the allow to order in community the to taxes appropriate pays enterprise its that guarantee to has It technology. and management in knowledge of frontiers the expand way. continuously to optimal an in has It disposal its at resources material and immaterial the use to has It generations. future for universe material the of atrustee of role the assume must It society. serve to has management The 4. the humanization of the work place. and income real of improvement the employees, of continuity the ensure to has management the particular, In led. are who those of the integrate must leadership society free a in because employees its serve to has management The 3. is The management the shareholders’ costs. trustee.capital into premium arisk integrate to necessary is return higher This bonds. government on return the than higher , its on areturn by providing investors its serve to has management The 2. and services. commercial products into progress technological and ideas new translate to is aim that clients receive the value best choice. The management’s ensuring way of accepted and usual the is companies among value. best the them give and needs clients’ its - - -

1973 1974 Attendee checks for messages “the spokesperson of those two-thirds of humanity who suffer from from suffer who ofhumanity two-thirds ofthose spokesperson “the will not force them into using arms.” He criticized multinationals arms.” into them using criticized multinationals He force will not At the 1974 European Management Symposium, Dom Hélder Câ Hélder Dom At 1974 the Symposium, Management European the unfair distribution of ’s of distribution unfair the resources.” In his address, Dom Hélder predicted that developing countries countries developing that predicted Hélder Dom In his address, In 1974 into a serious world the 1975, and plunged oil crisis the for keeping so much of mankind in appalling conditions. He called called He conditions. in appalling mankind of much so keeping for to invited been had Câmara voices. yet vital provocative for form by grata non by persona considered was he that fact the despite Davos powers. “Let’s hope by the Almighty God that this confrontation thisconfrontation that God “Let’s by Almighty the powers. hope himself dubbed had He leaders. business and governments many Forum’s the aplat as bolstering role appearance, anotable made , Recife, and Olinda of Archbishop Catholic Roman the mara, Foundation: the of wrote Annual Report in the Schwab Klaus storm. the weathered it downturn, the of to impact the immune not could some day challenge and clash with the leading economic economic with leading the clash and day challenge some could was Forum Management European the While recession. economic 1974 In the Midst of Recession “Although the looming signs of stagnation and recession the Forum were inasmuch undertaken as to special efforts fostering above all a better understanding of the Europe the of understanding abetter all above fostering Forum did not suffer from this tendency – to the contrary, contrary, the – to tendency this from suffer not did Forum it seems that the policy of the foundation to offer services services offer to foundation the of policy the that seems it in the European and international economy led to budget reduce overall costs and to boost quality and of its its of utility and quality boost to and costs overall reduce plunge of training, professional the European Management different activities.”different on influence an had has situation [...] crisis economic The of periods these in response ahigher with meets opment devel social and economic political, international and an the in mainly perceptible companies, of anumber in cuts 1 - - - -

1974 1974 would transfer the respective rights of sovereignty.” of rights respective the transfer would their rational usufruct [the legal right to employ or gain benefit or coordinate laws and promulgate governments these that tance for a higher social responsibility, fairer wealth distribution and a and distribution wealth fairer responsibility, social ahigher for in each country’s capital. Clearly, the recession had not not had Clearly, recession . country’s in each Sweden Meanwhile, the Forum expanded its series of roundtables to seven seven to roundtables of series its expanded Forum the Meanwhile, ing environmental protection on “political immaturity” and urged urged and immaturity” “political on protection environmental ing leading industrial nations to take action. “It is of decisive impor “It to decisive of is take action. nations industrial leading base in Brussels and on Britain, , Germany, France, Britain, on , and and in Brussels base a create they should “Or else argued. Cousteau damaged],” not is property that as long so else’s property somebody from profit the for a platform provided having After people. all for prosperity to achieve society” awaste of values false “the of reassessment services. exist already – – precedents authority supranational to whom they Cousteau, the Cousteau, renowned French and naval explor undersea officer Club of Rome report report Rome of Club diminished diminished the Forum’s determination to expand its and activities Commission European the at Europe on meetings including events, guarantee and oceans the to preserve objective with the efforts in promot governments of inaction the er, blamed He to Davos. Jacques-Yves inviting Captain issues, environmental on emphasis its intensified Forum the meeting, 1973 the for publicity of deal and Recife, Brazil Brazil Recife, and Olinda of Archbishop Catholic Roman the Câmara, Hélder Dom THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY The Limits to Growth to Limits The , which attracted a great a great attracted , which

30 - - - 1  activities Forum’s the of feature important an been has participants among networking inception, its Since IN THEMIDST OFRECESSION31 vom 1.1.1974 bis 30.6.1975 bis 1.1.1974 vom Periode die für Forum Management European Stiftung der Tätigkeitsbericht

1974 1975 A breakthrough year with 860 participants 860 with year A breakthrough The Forum also published The its Forum also published firstal institution brochure, in which it Forum. Management European the for year wasa breakthrough This (the United Nations Industrial Development Organization), Development which Industrial (the Nations United with the strategic needs of the top decision-makers of European European of top decision-makers the of needs strategic with the Attendance at the European Management Symposium increased increased Symposium Management European the at Attendance to 860 participants, with the CEOs and chairmen of the largest largest the of chairmen and CEOs with the participants, to 860 In addition, the Forum entered into its first official cooperative cooperative official first its into entered Forum the addition, In attending. The Forum welcomed to Davos the first official official first the toDavos welcomed Forum The attending. Philips Unilever and Shell, Royal Dutch as such companies European ing countries and economies in transition, as well as the support support the well as as in transition, economies and countries ing the objective primary its as has and in headquartered is roundtables increased to nine. increased roundtables business.” in develop development industrial of acceleration and promotion Industry. and Commerce of Minister the Sainz, Campillo by José serves business through leaders serves its programmes: of international industrial cooperation. Meanwhile, the number of of number the Meanwhile, cooperation. industrial international of an independent, an self-financing,independent, not-for-profit Foundation, aligned is Forum Management European “The follows: as role its described UNIDO system, UN in the agency with aspecialized arrangement delegation from a non-European country, , which was led led was which Mexico, country, non-European a from delegation 1975 Davos Global Goes • • • • • • • It the observes European and international economic It integrates actively into its participants creative relations. business new find to helps It It and brings government. from togetherbusiness leaders level. highest the at contacts facilitates It It widens the horizon by pointing at the connections. their closely follows and trends new discovers It programmes. development. environment. 1 The document outlined seven ways in which the Forum seven ways Forum the in which outlined document The

-

1975 1975 1971 1 After just fiveAfter at theyears, Forumthe had acceptance gained high that served as a valuable platform for business, government, civil civil government, business, for platform avaluable as served that Schwab’s stakeholder theory was beginning to evolve into abroad beginning was Schwab’s theory stakeholder Schwab reflected Neue Zürcher Zurichin newspaper the reflected Zeitung,Schwab organization arespected become strategy, had or icy Forum the society and other stakeholders to confer and collaborate. Klaus Klaus collaborate. and to confer stakeholders other and society on the role of the CEO as politician: as CEO the of role the on er concept of corporate global citizenship. In an editorial published published citizenship. editorial In an global ofcorporate concept er pol advocating not While government. and business of levels est Events In the first five years, the European Management Forum expanded quickly expanded Forum Management European the years, five first the In THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY 1972 1 “To cope with structural changes, genuine top executives the cooperation with the relevant institutions, looking con looking institutions, relevant the with cooperation the the aconsequence, As environment. social and technical through anticipatory or curative measures. To is it end measures. that curative or anticipatory through as to influence and striving its own to position, strengthen necessary to look at the environment not in an isolated way isolated an in not environment the at look to necessary things of course the sense apositive in possible as much ‘man to task their is It politicians. affairs domestic as not and affairs foreign as say to is that politicians, as act must stantly and consciously for new opportunities of coalitions coalitions of opportunities new for consciously and stantly or, in other words, to consider only the economic realities. cultivating includes proper. This policy aforeign of ciples company must increasingly adopt the conventional prin economic, political, its with relations company’s the age’ 1973 3 1974 10 1975 13 1971 440 Participants 1972 300 1973 450

1974 780 34 1975 860 ------77. One day, Schwab asked his secretary to connect him with “Mr 77. to connect day, One his secretary asked Schwab While Schwab had gained significant experience in his five years teristic deep voice and quickly realized that he had the French the had he that realized quickly and voice deep teristic female voice announced: “ announced: voice female Schwab told him the story. “You are probably the only person who who person story. him the only “You told the Schwab probably are Republic.”) Giscard’s charac President heard Suddenly, Schwab leader on the line. Nonplussed, he hung up. Many years later, up. years Many hung he a at line. the Nonplussed, on leader business school and the brother of French President Valéry Giscard Giscard Valéry French of President brother the and school business Giscard d’Estaing”. After a short while, he received a call and a and acall received while, he d’Estaing”. ashort Giscard After ever hung up a phone on a French president,” Giscard responded. aFrench president,” on ever upaphone Giscard hung 1973- years in the meetings Davos the of Co-Chair was d’Estaing, INSEAD of the Director-General and Dean Founding d’Estaing, card Gis Olivier old. years 37 only still was he Forum, ofthe helm the at dinner with Valéry Giscard d’Estaing, who by then had left office, office, left had then by who d’Estaing, Giscard Valéry with dinner la République la François Mitterrand President French future and Heath Edward Minister Prime British Former Institutional brochure, brochure, 2 Institutional 1 DAVOS GOESGLOBAL 35

29 October 1975 October 29 Schwab,Klaus “Der Unternehmenspolitiker”, Neue Zürcher Zeitung To the defend foundations of the economic order towards to make active political and social commitments.” social and political active make to be first executives must willing the responsible the outside, .” (“I am putting you through to the President of the the of .” to President the through you (“I putting am European Management Forum Je vous passe Monsieur le Président de Monsieur passe Je vous , 1975 , 1975 2 , - -

1975 1976 The cooperative exchange programme with UNIDO was launched, with was exchange programme UNIDO launched, The cooperative in Symposium Management European sixth the of highlight The 1974 and as leader of the British Conservative Party the following following the Party 1974 Conservative British the of leader as and year, and François Mitterrand, Secretary-General of the French ofthe Secretary-General year, Mitterrand, François and and the Arab world. The response of participants of participants response The world. Arab the Europe and Western who found them highly useful, the Forum increased the number number the increased Forum the useful, highly them found who by minister-led represented mostly countries, with developing 26 was overwhelmingly positive. overwhelmingly was taking advantage of this initiative were Bolivia, Iran, the Ivory Coast, Coast, Ivory the Iran, this of initiative were Bolivia, advantage taking In October, the Forum took yet stepanother significant forward in Socialist Party, who would become his country’s president in 1981. president his country’s become would who Party, Socialist Business Cooperation Symposium in Montreux, Switzerland, to Switzerland, Montreux, in Symposium Cooperation Business by society civil of participation the reinforced also Foundation grow the observed Having Thailand. and Philippines the , offree role future the on debate contentious ahighly was Davos its internationalization when it organized the first Arab-European when Arab-European it organized the its first internationalization consumers. for do can industry Nader, Ralph American as the such speakers inviting prominent participants among sessions interactive of small popularity ing part in three days of plenary sessions, seminars and private dis private and seminars sessions, of plenary days in three part in Kingdom United the of minister prime as down stepped had senior executives, including over 400 from the Arab world,tookexecutives,Arabsenior the from including over 400 discuss all aspects of practical business cooperation between between cooperation business of practical aspects all discuss many, so to had met ahigh-level, Never such before at cussions. 1,500 Over institutions. European and Arab with leading gether what on spoke who environmentalist, and activist rights consumer The to 200. dinners and lunches contact seminars, workshops, of nations the Among participants. to Davos projects ent to pres economies emerging for aplatform offered It delegations. who , between developed in Europethat enterprise 1976 THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY Bridging the Arab WorldBridging Arab the and the West

36 - - - -

With the meeting in Montreux, the Forum played a critical role in the oil crisis of 1973. of oil crisis the between Arab and Western countries that had broken down after broken after down had that countries Western and Arab between Opening the meeting, Klaus Schwab said: Schwab Klaus meeting, the Opening deepening that partnership and repairing the strained relations relations strained the repairing and partnership that deepening 1 Schwab Klaus and Arafat Yasser Peres, Shimon BRIDGING THEARABWORLD ANDTHEWEST 37 European Management Forum, March 1977 March Forum, Management European Symposium, Cooperation Business Arab-European First Schwab, Klaus “The overwhelming interest in this Symposium shows the the shows Symposium this in interest overwhelming “The than 1,500 have come and are now assembled here; hun here; assembled now are and have come 1,500 than economic industrial, the in decision-makers top the tween -Arab partnership.” before it has even started, is evidently based on a genuine agenuine on based evidently is even started, has it before be contacts practical and direct multinational, for need stead of the 1,000 participants we had planned for, more planned we had participants 1,000 the of stead great success of this Symposium, which we can foresee foresee we can which Symposium, this of success great The space. of lack away to owing turned be to had dreds In countries. European and Arab the of life financial and 1 - - -

1976 1977 The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Forum’s even per was The more dimension growing international (OECD) joined as an official sponsor. (OECD) official an as joined worldwide media coverage. media worldwide After Dom Hélder Câmara’s Hélder Dom After participation in 1974, Schwab Klaus appearance dramatic the was this meeting at moment A memorable to refrain from supporting financially the Soviet regime received received regime Soviet the financially supporting from refrain to Industrial Leaders”. His moving appeal to Western business leaders leaders Leaders”. to business Western Industrial appeal moving His forced treatment forced in before being psychiatric exchanged hospitals Bukovsky arrived in Switzerland in handcuffs, travelling immedi in handcuffs, in Switzerland arrived Bukovsky participated who companies for status special introduced Forum of something being of reputation the gaining was meeting Davos in December 1976 for the Chilean Communist leader Luis Corvalán. Corvalán. Luis leader Communist 1976 Chilean the for in December ipants came from over 50 countries. Notably, prominent American Notably, American prominent countries. over 50 from came ipants regularly invited religious leaders to Davos. In1977, to Davos. leaders religious invited Franz Cardi regularly members. 71 1July, By included this group activities. in its regularly of “The Worldwide Threat to Civil Rights and the Responsibility of of Responsibility the and Rights to Civil Threat Worldwide “The of ately to Davos where he on his made thepublicfirst speech topic and camps labour 12 in prison, years spent had who activist and author dissident, political Soviet Bukovsky, Vladimir of aformer the exclusivity, and intimacy “club”. of a sense this To reinforce and figuresbusiness political and made theJapanese journey. The Partic Symposium. Management seventh the European at ceptible The Davos Club 1977 THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY “Roughly half of the whom participants, I can welcome today, who are here for the first time will soon discover the hallmark hallmark the discover soon will time first the for here are who mate that well develops thanks particularly to the beautiful said Schwab Klaus past,” the in present been have already scenery that distracts our attention from the daily work.” daily the from attention our distracts that scenery Club’ ever becomes more a legitimate claim. of Those you of the club. It is characterized by the sportsmanlike work cli work sportsmanlike by the characterized is It club. the of ‘Davos term the “Thus, Symposium. the of opening the at that companies represent –or speak to –so friends old are

38 1 - - - - - The Forum published its first survey, which focused on the con the on focused survey, which first its published Forum The To broaden its relationship with the media, the Forum shifted its its shifted Forum the media, To with the relationship its broaden Arab-European meeting the year before, the Forum organized the the organized Forum the before, year the meeting Arab-European the monthly supplement of newspaper,Italy’s La Stampa supplement monthly the Symposium Co-operation Business America-European Latin first International Chamber of Commerce in Paris, the Forum introduced introduced Forum the in Paris, of Commerce Chamber International It focused on the implications of the US leadership transition from from transition leadership US of the implications the on It focused for Latin America (ECLA). America Latin for Development Bank, the and the Economic Commission Commission Economic the and Bank World the Bank, Development first year. The this ughs breakthro other several achieved Forum in Montreux in October under the auspices of the Inter-American the of auspices the under October in Montreux in leaders in serve ?”. maintained its leadership in the use of technology to provide oftechnology use in the leadership its maintained better interaction among participants and improve its services improve services and its participants among interaction better business “Should theme the under in November in Geneva held holders in global society. In cooperation with EUROPA (at with EUROPA time that Incooperation society. in global holders journalists working mainly as press the regarding from perspective in March. DC in Washington place Europe took outside roundtable humankind’s egotistical about concerns his voiced and meeting the joined of Vienna, Archbishop Catholic Roman König, the nal society to put the two pillars of faith and love at its core. The core. love its at and faith of pillars two the to put society Gerald Ford to . Encouraged by the success of the of by success the to Ford Jimmy Carter. Encouraged Gerald and activities. it In addition, . about leaders ofbusiness cerns a of The series firstand special meetings eventpublications. was Die Welt Germany’s and Die ofLondon of France, stake important to be them events to its considering covering arenewal of for calling comforts, and wealth material drive for 1 27 January 1977 27 January Symposium, Management European Address, Opening Schwab, Klaus Le Monde ) and the the ) and - -

1977 1978 “The Congress Centre in Davos resembled a fortress,” reported reported afortress,” resembled in Davos Centre Congress “The The meeting, which began with a minute of silence in memory of of in memory with aminute silence of began which meeting, The with machine guns. Yet they accepted the inconveniences without without inconveniences Yet the guns. with machine they accepted armed by policemen mounted guard the through themselves wind words words such as ‘structural crisis’, ‘’, crisis’,‘energy ‘lack with catch environment’,why ‘adverse an of we talk combined terrorist attacks.” terrorist magazine business German the of participants. security to the ensure measures to take special the industrialist, marked German the first time that the Forum had atragic cast acar. of trunk in the later atrocity This amonth than (BDA) most the of one and Employers’ Associations German of tion of Schleyer, President the Hanns-Martin group, kidnapped terrorist the works of the entrepreneurial mechanism. However, mechanism. main the entrepreneurial the of works the In September 1977, the Faction, an extreme left-wing extreme an Faction, Army 1977, Red the September In Schwab continued: “Naturally, all these factors throw a spanner in in throw aspanner “Naturally, factors continued: these all Schwab reason lies not in the economic facts but in the psychological psychological in the but facts economic in the not lies reason respon social the on focusing discussions with more minds, pants’ against protected was effectively Symposium Management ropean highly – paid managers had to pass the their deposit fingerprints, more discovered was in Germany. body men dead His powerful (BDI) Confedera the and Industries of German Federation the both sibilities of enterprises and the challenge of equitable distribution distribution equitable of challenge the and ofenterprises sibilities already had Schleyer abducted, was he When over Davos. shadow Global economic conditions remained at the forefront of partici of forefront the at remained conditions economic Global atmosphere in which we have to work. During the ‘fair-weather the in we which have During to work. atmosphere address. trust’,” in opening his mutual of remarked Schwab Klaus many reasons are “There downturn. recent ofthe in light of wealth Eu eighth the measures with these that believed They complaint. and into building the they entered time each control computerized Symposium. 1978 the toManagement chair European agreed Tragedy Security and 1978 THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY 1 Capital . “Participants – . all “Participants of them

40 - - - - - Yet, Schwab argued, the concerns about fairness and equity had had equity and fairness about Yet, concerns the argued, Schwab was solely whether increment turned out to be more or less impor less or more to be out turned increment whether solely was tant. Still today, our attitude, our political and social systems and and systems social and political today,tant. our Still attitude, our In 1978, in addition to the Davos Symposium, the Forum convened convened Forum the Symposium, to Davos the In 1978, in addition focus of discussion was wealth distribution. The annual growth growth annual The distribution. wealth was of discussion focus mentality’ ‘pensioner call Iwould that state. Adisease the from May, participants. with over 1,500 again – held were meetings separate two capital, French the In Paris. living standard and to expecting more and more social services services social more and more expecting to and standard living pean Business Cooperation Symposium took in place Symposium Montreux in Cooperation pean Business investors, European for – inDC one Washington nine roundtables aspect.” distribution by wealth the dominated are mechanisms juicy, being product distribution the national gross of the rates become much more serious and pressing. and serious more much become struck large circles of the population. Thus, for many years, the many years, for Thus, population. ofthe circles large struck Co-operation and Development (OECD). Arab-Euro Development and second The Co-operation one on France and the other with the Organisation for Economic Economic for Organisation with the other the and France on one and Rome Bonn, Athens, Amsterdam, in , others the and Communities, European with the in collaboration in Brussels one question The anybody. from sacrifice real demand not did dispute our to continuously improving economy’, we grew accustomed 2 1 TRAGEDY ANDSECURITY 41 “Die Elitetreffs des Managementprofessors Schwab”, Capital Schwab”, Managementprofessors des Elitetreffs “Die Klaus Schwab, Opening Address, Davos Symposium, 26 January 1978 January 26 Symposium, Davos Address, Opening Schwab, Klaus , April 1978 1978 , April 2 - -

1978 1979 The beginning of a long relationship between the Forum and China and Forum the between relationship along of beginning The This This year marked the first time thatfrom a thePeople’sdelegation with the European Management Forum that allowed for the estab the for allowed that Forum Management European with the Understanding of aMemorandum signed Countries with Foreign Relations China’s ofEconomic authorities. Ministry with Chinese Communist orthodox many of go let to China moving gradually was the Forum to hosting in Geneva Chinese ministerial delegations to to delegations ministerial Chinese in Geneva to hosting Forum the Sciences. This was followed by a Forum delegation of 20 European European 20 of delegation by aForum followed was This Sciences. not did he While to 1979 Symposium. the Davos Deng invited Schwab Management Association (CEMA). The agreement also committed (CEMA). committed also Association agreement The Management Forum and participation Chinese China, which official has included the between relationship along of beginning the was This Barre. presence The Sciences. of Social Academy Chinese the at Research fall In the Symposium. in Davos the participated of China Republic in in cooperation with the newly created China Enterprise Enterprise China created newly with the in cooperation in Beijing lishment lishment of regular exchange and the of holding an annual meeting meet representatives of relevant companies and enterprises. In the Inthe enterprises. and companies ofrelevant representatives meet Minister Raymond minister, by French the prime Prime opened and British by former Edward the which was chaired Heath, meeting, Economic Global for Institute the of Director Junrui, Qian by Professor industry, “Four Modernizations”, the as Chinese known to reform programme, adomestic initiated policy. had Deng Door” “Open his CEOs, CEOs, who had a rich that programme allowed interaction significant characteristics.” Chinese early 1980s, the Forum organized a number of such visits. such of anumber organized Forum the 1980s, early Social of Academy Chinese the of Chairman the of invitation the at at Davos every year since. In April, Schwab paid his firstvisit toChina the at participants among interest lively aroused Chinese the of led economists, Chinese ofeminent adelegation sent Beijing come, “with system socialist apragmatic implement and doctrines He technology. and science and defence, national agriculture, of evolution the and China’s as leader Xiaoping paramount of Deng emergence the interest with great followed Schwab 1978,of Klaus 1979 Opening the Door to China Door the Opening

-

1979 1979 “Another the of publication the key was this year achievement The study was based on Schwab’s innovative concept to define define to Schwab’sconcept on innovative based was study The Forum’s first try, try, and measures. This and was measures. in explained the tointroduction the ofcriteria set awider by employing also but productivity capital or labour of manner traditional in the only not competitiveness which the later annual Competitiveness Global became Report. THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY Klaus and Hilde Schwab on their first trip to China to trip first their on Schwab Hilde and Klaus “Traditionally mainly termsin competitivenessdefined is This was supplemented by the experience and knowledge knowledge and experience by the supplemented was This to speak foreign languages! For this reason, the present present the reason, this For languages! foreign speak to with opinions obtained from corporate chief executives and from economic and social specialists throughout Europe. Report takes into account both quantifiable elements and and elements quantifiable both account into takes Report But competitiveness can also be influenced by factors as internal dynamism of a country, its socio-political consen socio-political its acountry, of dynamism internal know today that many other elements come into play: the the play: into come elements other many that today know subjective ones. The methodology employed methodology providessubjectiveThe for ones. etc. future, the for prepares it which in manner the spirit, commercial its resources, human its of quality the sus, a combination of strict economic and material statistical telephone systems, or of even ability the efficiency theor programmes, social of cost the and costs wage as diverse However, we productivity. and production of cost the of acquired by the Forum’s staff during the past 10 years.” past the during Forum’s by the staff acquired Report on the Competitiveness of European Indus of European Competitiveness the on Report

Report 1 44 : - - America-European Business Cooperation Symposium in Montreux Symposium Cooperation Business America-European Latin second the organized this year, successfully Also Forum the Report, in the outlined As SCO) International Year of the Child. Performing was the Zurich the was YearSCO) International Performing Child. ofthe Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNE Organization Cultural and Scientific Educational, Nations in November. In 1979, the Forum included a concert in the Davos Davos in the aconcert in November. In1979, included Forum the ness were:ness programme for the programme first time – thebeginningof whatbecome has Chamber Orchestra, with Symposium Chairman Edward Heath as as Edward Heath Chairman with Symposium Orchestra, Chamber a tradition. The charity event was organized to support the United United the event to organized support was charity The a tradition. guest conductor. Edward Heath rehearsing for a good cause agood for rehearsing Heath Edward 1 OPENING THEDOORTO CHINA45 • • • • • • • • • • Competitiveness of European Industriy, 1979 Industriy, European of Competitiveness the on Report 1980”, Symposium Davos Document “Background the role of the state the of role the forward orientation forward financialdynamism infrastructural dimension infrastructural production of cost and efficacy industrial human resource human socio-political consensus and stability outward orientation dynamics of the market dynamism of the economy the 10 factors determining competitive , European Management Forum Management , European - -

1979 1979

1979 1980 Henry Kissinger delivered the opening address opening the delivered Kissinger Henry 70 members. zation of the socialist systems which nowhere have produced the the have produced nowhere which systems socialist the of zation warned of “a dilution of confidence in classic economic models, models, economic classic in confidence of “adilution of warned 1977, in January honoured was service government left had who Another significant development was the decision to replace the the to replace decision the was development significant Another Arab-European and Latin America-European symposia in symposia Montreux, and Latin America-European Arab-European In 1980, the Forum convened Geneva Meetings with five guests guests five with Meetings Geneva convened Forum the 1980, In constant “the on focused Kissinger speech, prescient In his for his contributions to international cooperation. to international contributions his for Prize laureate, Peace 1973 and Nobel professor Harvard former Symposium, former US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger deliv Kissinger Henry State of Secretary US former Symposium, People’s Republic of China; René Ortiz, Secretary-General of the the of Secretary-General Ortiz, China; of René People’s Republic Industry, Metallurgical the of Vice-Ministers Hua, Lin and Feiping Li the them among to over 300, increased members of list the Forum, Management European the of this year,By anniversary 10th the including Kang Shi’en, Vice-Premier of the State Council and Council State the of Shi’en, Kang Vice-Premier including ly changing world” and the age of global interdependence. He interdependence. global of age the and world” changing ly both held biennially, with more country-oriented activities such such activities biennially, country-oriented held with more both German-born The decade. first its mark to created prize a him number increasing an and enterprises European successful most satisfaction of the human personality.” He concluded: “All personality.” concluded: human these He of the of satisfaction China; Faisal Al-Bashir, Deputy Minister of Planning of ; Arabia; Saudi of Planning of Minister Al-Bashir, Deputy China; Faisal People’s of Republic Commission, Economic State ofthe Chairman at at the public Forum bringing figurestogether important withabout events in-depth one-day or “Geneva Meetings” and missions as face.” we that challenge any specific from apart are changes and global would make ours a of period turmoil – even “a noted system,” demorali also but to capitalist the a challenge awarded Forum the spoke, he Before address. opening the ered Management European At 1980 the companies. international of 1980 Change, Celebration and Competitivenessand - - -

1980 1980 Competiti European the of edition second The The intensive media coverage underscores the credibility and au and credibility the underscores coverage intensive media The told Schwab, his government had decided to reform the country’s country’s the to reform decided had government his Schwab, told congratu year. Schwab that in ranking the After top position the priorities. reform to identify employ many countries that tool over the gained has Report Competitiveness Global the that thority to Gulf several one including missions, three organized Forum the It also provided, for reference purposes, major statistics on two two on statistics major purposes, reference for provided, also It roundtables, country Europe-focused to traditional the In addition León Roldós Aguilera, President of the Monetary Board of Ecuador. Board Monetary of the President Aguilera, Roldós León included , the United States and into its evaluations. evaluations. into its Canada and States United the Japan, included lated Lee, the prime minister responded by noting that Singapore that by noting responded minister prime the Lee, lated had received only a mediocre score in education. As a result, he aresult, he As in education. score amediocre only received had Yew, achieved Kuan had Lee Minister Prime porean country whose with Singa 1980s in the had he ameeting recalls Schwab Klaus governments for benchmark auseful as served has It years. 30 past the to relating articles 300 some example, for 2008, In meeting. The Mexico. (NICs), and countries Brazil industrialized newly Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC); Countries and Exporting Petroleum the of Organization educational system to ensure that it performed better in future. better performed it that to ensure system educational Report The criteria. social well as as economic on based performance their to monitor world the around government – of attention exceptany for Forum activity the Davos annual and , and a European business delegation to China. delegation business aEuropean and Austria, and to Germany leaders business and ministers Arab of well avisit as Kuwait, and Dubai Dhabi, Abu in Riyadh, with programmes countries were published in the launch week alone. week launch in the were published Report port port THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY attracted worldwide notice. Even notice. today, the worldwide of release the attracted Global Competitiveness Report draws the Report media most – and Competitiveness Global has an become indispensable now now Report veness

Re 50 - - - - Excerpts from the opening address by Henry Kissinger, former US 1980 US Symposium Management to European State, of former Secretary Kissinger, Henry by address opening the from Excerpts relations that is unique. to internationality contemporary acomplex gives power of elements of thevarious incommensurability the So strong. economically or tarily mili either being without reasons, of avariety for role political a major play countries Some insignificant. militarily be yet and strong very economically be to acountry for ble possi also is It Union. Soviet the like strong and economically stagnated, militarily be to acountry for possible is it history, in time first the For identical. not are power military and political time in history, economic, first the for because, system curious a is it But system. multipolar what asome into then and system bipolar a into first transformed became world the that so Europe, including power of standards new developed there afterwards, decades the in then pre-eminence, traditional its lost Europe when II War World of end the at first times, Several power. of redistribution major a seen has which aworld in living Weare state. any of actions the of the current situation, independent to led have that events specific the address will I then and actions cific namic of independent changes spe dy structural, of number a briefly mention Iwill it. Isee as situation international the discuss me let Now The Constantly Changing World 1 CHANGE, CELEBRATION ANDCOMPETITIVENESS Symposium, Davos, 31 January 1980 January 31 Davos, Symposium, Management European the to Address Opening Kissinger, Henry - -

- - - - cific challenge that we face. we that challenge cific spe any from apart –even turmoil of aperiod ours make would and global are changes these of All personality. human the of satisfaction the duced pro have nowhere which systems socialist the of ademoralization also but system, capitalist the to lenge achal models, economic classic in confidence of adilution is there And materials. raw scarce of countries of numbers small of position monopoly near the is side reverse the which –of resources their of margins the at pressed has population the have the technology or because not do they because either longer, any themselves feed cannot that world the of parts many in tence of agricultural incompe discovery a time, first the for again is, There weapons. nuclear of dangers the of environmental proliferation concerns, humanity: of all affect that problems many are there history, in time first the for Then, regions. various the of autarky economic of loss the by compounded is it and changed, has condition That interact. not did they tobecause, all practical purposes, Century 17th the in Europe and China compare really not could One other. each from isolation in policies their II, the various continents pursued War World of end the Until global. truly is policy foreign history, in time first the for that, is second The 1 - - - 51 -

1980 1981 The The first on “Mini-” the Davos brought programme together Three major innovations this introduced year the extended Europe years ago. (During this meeting, Saudi Arabia announced a special aspecial announced Arabia Saudi (During this meeting, ago. years At this inaugural Symposium, senior Chinese officials outlined Chi outlined officials Chinese senior Symposium, inaugural this At After having sent delegations to China in 1979 and 1980 and re and in 1980 to 1979 China and delegations sent having After the the Forum its held first event inPeople’s the TheChina- Republic. 30 agenda global the on were already today debated being are that issues monetary and (seefinancial box) how session the shows members new recruit to effort long-term a in step first the took to industries or regions areas, specific from participants allow to the Chinese economy’s spectacular growth over the past three dec three over past the growth spectacular economy’s Chinese the from among the world’s the among and fast-growing innovativefrom and small Fund.) Europe Business Leaders Symposium took place in the Great Hall Hall Great in the place took Symposium Leaders Business Europe into China’s ambitions at a time when few outsiders would have would into China’s outsiders few when atime at ambitions Sec atmosphere. informal in acompletely brainstorm and interact loan of several million US dollars to the International Monetary Monetary to International the dollars US million several of loan predicted the success that this reawakening giant would achieve. this reawakening would that giant success the predicted na’s plans for overdevelopment its economic the Given next decade. sizemedium enterprises. China Enterprise Management Association. Management Enterprise China with the co-organized and Commission Economic State Chinese country over this period, their remarks provide interesting insight insight interesting provide remarks their over this period, country the into investment direct foreign of flow impressive the and ades by the 1981, 23-29 on June in Beijing sponsored People the of Europe, and to Switzerland delegations Chinese several ceived of summary The issues. currency discussed who bankers central ond, the Forum held its firstmeeting inChina. And third, theForum into Symposium wereDavos the integrated summits closed and small First, informal, Forum’s ofactivities. Management scope an 1981 In Search of Pioneering Pioneering of Search In THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY Enterprises

52 - - - - - To me and small dynamic involve innovative fast-growing, and The latter took place in the US Senate. Leading the discussions discussions the Leading Senate. US in the place took latter The With the words above Klaus Schwab had already the vision of what what of vision the already had Schwab Klaus above words the With were top American officials including Treasury Secretary Donald Donald Secretary including Treasury officials American top were entrepreneur combining entrepreneurship: social called be would was regarded to be completely in the hands of governments. of hands in the completely to be regarded was the Forum, eventually resulting in the creation in 2007 of the Com the of in 2007 creation in the resulting eventually Forum, the ty Leader Howard Baker, Senators John Glenn, Gary Hart and Bill Bill and Hart Gary Glenn, John Baker, Howard Leader Senators ty held It Italy, Netherlands. the France, and Spain , UK, the In 1981, the Forum also organized country meetings in Germany, meetings country organized In 1981, also Forum the Enterprises, Pioneering the on to 1981 the report preface In the Saudi Arabia and Venezuela. It also conducted the first European first the European conducted Venezuela. and It also Arabia Saudi Economic Council. Economic President’s ofthe Chairman Bradley, Weidenbaum, Murray and Majori Weinberger, Senate Caspar Secretary Defence Regan, in US. the Administration new Reagan ofthe policies the on DC Confederation ofthe invitation the at to Mission Business ial activity with social engagement. At that time social innovation innovation social At time that engagement. with social activity ial munity of Global Growth Companies, which by July 2009 included included 2009 by which July Companies, Growth Global of munity Enterprises inEurope 100 of Pioneering list the published Klaus SchwabKlaus wrote: countries. over 50 from members 200 than more , Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, Morocco, Peru, the Philippines, Philippines, the Peru, Kuwait, Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, Rica, Costa from representatives high-level or with ministers Meetings Geneva and recruit them as members would become a long-term policy of of policy along-term become would members as them recruit and companies such on spotlight the to put effort ground-breaking and selected Forum the activities, in its enterprises dium-sized of Australian Industry, as well as a special Briefing in Washington in Washington Briefing a special well as as Industry, Australian of 1  IN SEARCHOFPIONEERINGENTERPRISES53 Forum, 1981 Forum, European 1981, Management Europe in Enterprises Pioneering 100 “We tend to base our view of present problems – political, – political, problems present of view our base to tend “We Since the framework has changed, those conceptions have become misconceptions…become The premise of this is that report social or economic – on conceptions rooted in the past. also into social innovation.” social into also innovation,ativemarket,into project,ideasprocess and cre translate to have dared that enterprises pioneering of endeavours the of sum the is progress social and economic 1 . This This . - - - - -

1981 1981

1981 1981 The tendency to inflate the rates of exchange was a gener a was exchange of rates the inflate to tendency The vention in the traffic across frontiers in trade, services and frontiers services in across trade, vention in the traffic well be tensions and crises in the system of fixed exchange marketmoney the rates currency exchange fluctuating with these were better than those of other currencies currencies thanthese were those better tinue to of show upward bases economic tendencies. The aban be time. should hope the that This meant moment for at any reappear earlierthat arisen in could had the System towards that some integration. complained speaker also The for Westernfor Europe. In future, in there fact, would great be Since a commonly devised economic policy based on sol on policy based economic devised a commonly Since currencies wereSound a healthy the for basis economy. Mon Board of the Swiss National Bank, Fritz of National theBoard Swiss Bank, Leutwiler, that said could happen, with consequent government inter consequent with happen, could inflation idarity could not be realised in future, the realised near there be not might could idarity inflation would remain high. upward trend. leading currencies wereleading gaining probability. term, In the long however, con would probably the franc and mark the German abrakerates as present at acted rather than adriving force rates; movements of speculative transferrals and of capital “bankers’posium. On day”, the Chairman of the Governing German Federal Bank President Karl Otto Pöhl stated that the Pöhl Otto President Karl Bank Federal German competitive of the distortions predominantConsiderable at present maintaining even or position a showinggood an er tensions than in the past. possibilities in of The changes system a central banking that the become EMSdoned could development of the individual Tensions national economies. guaranteed, there since was convergence no in the economic (EMS) not System was Monetary European the of existence terms. economic real in level not justified high artificially at countries, in order to fight inflation, kepttheir own currencies exchangefixed ofLeutwiler’s view,systemIn the capital. aligned; the rates but more nearly of become countries had in mind tothat borne in had the be future. phenomenon al rates. acceptable always not could guarantee economically - were point of the Sym matters therefore another focal etary Currency Mini-Summit in Davos Davos in Mini-Summit Currency ------with it their oil bill, they their to out now for had hands hold was the first sign that inflationdangers were diminishing. The development.welcome Moreover, the sinking of gold price National and Finance by also Saudi was demanded stated and their in the IMF. predominance countries had these Because Fund (IMF),tional Monetary Champ de Larosière de Jacques that the yen played an increasingly important role today role inthat the yen important played increasingly an International Settlements, who was a participant, present as International Settlements, emphasized it was specially of the discussion In the course feu, indicated that the industrial countries would probably lose feu, that indicated the industrial lose countries would probably Managing Director and Chairman of the Board of Chairman of the Director the Interna and Board Managing Netherlands and president and for of the Bank Bank Central Netherlands Abalkhail. Ali Economy Minister Mohammed Sheikh ing currency was via economic stability and collaboration collaboration and stability ing currency was via economic not not had sense sufficient to reduce their oilconsumption and between the countries concerned. An industrial expert on expert industrial An concerned. countries the between OPEC funds. Some of the OPEC countries would as demand, Some OPEC funds. as a kind of “monetary summit”, of “monetary akind as the president since of the ahigh at on level, carried the discussion, currency described only way to attain a stable exchange relationship to the lead controlling the movements of currency this rates, and was a quid pro quo, greater on decisionsinfluence in the IMF. That also talkedalso with the speakers. 1  Davos Symposium, European Management Forum, 1981 1981 Forum, Management European Symposium, Davos Highlights of the Symposium and Summary of the Programme 1 , - - -

1981 1982 The future comes to the Forum – Apple Computer demonstration Computer –Apple Forum the to comes future The Today, the IGWEL remains enormously attractive to participants as as to participants Today, attractive enormously remains IGWEL the year’s this at European introduced innovation important most The The IGWEL acts as an informal consensus-building system and as as and system consensus-building informal an as acts IGWEL The well as by ministers ineconomy, finance, charge of foreign affairs, ticipation in many multilateral organizations. portfolios. other or health environment, technology, trade, the only for framework global exchange an of interdisciplinary ideas conclusion. its at document any other or statement treaty, press IGWEL since they have always been integrated into the process as as into process the integrated they have always since been IGWEL full and equal partners. This contrasted markedly with their par with their markedly contrasted This partners. equal and full from developing nations have appreciative particularly been of the the agenda: its dominated issues four convened, was it years few North-South relations. The IGWEL discussions today focus on many many on focus today discussions IGWEL The relations. North-South was the Symposium holding of Management the Gath first Informal international system, monetary trade relations, East-West ties and a communiqué, to having produce without problems and issues have typically been represented by their head of government, as as government, of by head their represented been have typically to participants permitting dialogue, informal for allowed meeting off-the-record closed-door, This IGWEL. to by acronym refer the servation and management, and poverty eradication. Politicians Politicians eradication. poverty and management, and servation of the new global challenges such as food security, water con security, food as such challenges global new the of countries years, Inrecent leaders. government of opinions and ongoing on work and ideas another, exchange each know to get usually now regulars Davos which Leaders, Economic World of ering a catalyst for launching new ideas and initiatives. During the first first the During initiatives. and ideas new launching for catalyst a The First IGWEL 1982 - - -

1982 1982 via satellite from Washington DC: Washington from satellite via participants to Davos message Reagan’s Ronald special President US was Symposium Management European 1982 the of A highlight secure, and stable democracies. We democracies. stable and secure, strong, are we face, we problems the despite that remember to We need commerce. and community of heights new to together grown have Europe and America which in –years gress pro and prosperity, peace, of years remarkable been have They years. 35 past the over back Think them. to up lived have we –when us failed never have principles and values Our aroundoppressed the world. of millions of dreams the nourish and of spirit the to life give They civilization. Western of foundation the –are economic and rights, law, human of rule the to tion devo God, in –faith share we ciples prin and values The happen. not will and not must this that resolve us Let strength. our of sources the from away –aturning fear and scepticism produce to life modern of complexity the of asense with combine could They us. unite than rather divide could stresses these careful, are we Unless countries. own our in growth weak of problems and East the in sion repres of perils new face we gether To relations. our in testing of times are these know we 1982, begin we As administration. our representing Davos in be will Brock Ambassador glad Iam but personally, you with meet to liked Year. have New Iwould the for wishes best very our accept please people, American the of behalf On Forum! Management European the attending you of all to Greetings spirit of equality and consultation.” and equality of spirit in a allies our with will work “We Reagan: Ronald President US - - - - - than you, the entrepreneurial leaders leaders entrepreneurial the you, than better incentives and initiative sonal per of role the appreciates one No revive. will growth ty , investment, and productivi and work, will they But overnight. work won’t They beginning. just are reforms These security. financial their restore and economy our rebuild Americans help to years 50 in incentives of collection greatest the together put Wehave corner. historic an turned has States United The destroyed our economy. and stagnation economic nearly inflation, rates, interest higher of disease the case, this in and tion, addic long-term to leads fix a quick short-term solutions. But inevitably, as sold are they Always work. not do tariffs Protectionist work. not do taxation and spending ernment gov way. Higher other no is There freedom itself. of preservation the and fulfilment, human progress, economic to tial essen so risk-taking and enterprise of spirit the save we can means its live within government insisting and initiative personal rewarding by only that forgotten: never have should we lesson one relearned We have this. do to trying are we America, In share. we beliefs the to and other each to true remain we if challenge any meet can we again; it do Wecan feats. great performed we past, the in together stood we when that ourselves remind to need - - - - - . Soviet-sponsored repression in challenge anew Today face we prosper. and grow to free peace, at remained has Europe that strong Alliance the keep to years 30 than more for together worked we’ve because it’s that and Europe, of defence the for built was Alliance Atlantic the all, above that essential: the on resolved and unified remain us let But nations. sovereign Weare be. there should nor issues, all on ment agree complete be never will There consultation. and equality of a spirit in allies our with work Wewill peace. and freedom of atrustee as countries your with work can America so es we are strengthening our defenc recovery, economic for strive we As opportunity. an be always not may There acrisis. be always will There to. not dangerous is it Ibelieve But bility. insta of aperiod in reforms dramatic for push to dangerous is it say Some and individual freedom we need. independence of spirit the reignite to and betray, some that fears the come over to seek, we revival the initiate to you to Welook commerce. and industry your of treasure and talent the by impressed Weare Europe. of 1  Symposium, Davos, 28 January 1982 January 28 Davos, Symposium, Management European the to Remarks Reagan’s Ronald President - - - - President Thank you, and God bless you all.” you bless God and you, Thank on. day, pass to one and protect, to by, stand to us to –entrusted share we heritage wonderful the is This freedom.” in labour can who vidual indi the by created is inspiring and great really is that “Everything said, he and Einstein, Albert was name His time. and space in frontiers new to us leading stopped never who man –a States United the to moved later and Germany in up grew who a man of words the with you leave me Let must. that system the to closely too future our tied we if ness weak our of asign be would It want. they government of kind the for voting from citizens our prevent to law martial declare never would we that strength our of ameasure is It in. people their keep to guns and wire barbed minefields, walls, need they freedom of ened fright so remain they and industries; their run to technology and credits our need they people; their feed to West the need still they revolution, their after years Sixty-five system. totalitarian their of inflexibility and failure the of evidence fresh brings 1 - - -

1982 1982

1982 1983 Bernard W. Rogers and Raymond Barre, Chairman of the Symposium the of Chairman Barre, Raymond and W. Rogers Bernard General US Security”: Western for “Consensus-Building on session A Davos 52 countries.” Concluded Schwab: “This means a major commit amajor means Schwab: “This countries.” Concluded 52 It was at this time that participants began to recognize the unique unique the to recognize began participants that this time at was It ferred to the annual gathering as “one of those increasingly rare rare increasingly “one as those of gathering to annual the ferred He went on to assess the global economic situation and the mood mood the and situation economic global the to went assess on He as become, had Symposium Management European the 1983, By in complete freedom, where people are aware are responsibili the of people where freedom, in complete with, where dispensed be can formality events where international personal contacts can be made, where new ideas can be tried out out tried be can new ideas where made, be can contacts personal re document summary AForum special. so meeting the made us.” of all for ment from journalists business 100 and affairs economic for responsible breadth great of experts economic were Davos at that remarked annu foremost “the address, in opening his it put Schwab Klaus shape innovative responses: and concerted of the international community – and called on participants to participants on called and – community international the of 100 politicians leaders, “500 including business and experience, economy.” world the of Schwab decision-makers of gathering al atmosphere and attributes of the Symposium and articulate what what articulate and Symposium the of attributes and atmosphere The Spirit of Davos 1983 “The crisis symptoms which we discussed here in the last last the in here we discussed which symptoms crisis “The years have reached such a scale during 1982 that we can we can that 1982 during ascale such have reached years said: ‘We are decided only to be unde be to only decided are ‘We said: Churchill Winston true in the human, economic and social spheres.” fluidity, impotent.’be to someone all-powerful time Some must have the courage to break out of the depth of laxity laxity of depth the of out break to courage have the must slopes out here can unleash an avalanche. The same can be be can same The avalanche. an unleash can here out slopes always originated from an idea. A small snowball on the on snowball Asmall idea. an from always originated has earth on exploit single Each here. from emanate could world the change that Impulses us? Why not defeatism. and for solid drift, for adamant irresolute, be to resolved cided, 1936, In a disaster. been not has there that relief feel only 1 - - - - -

1983 1983 1983, US Secretary of Commerce Malcolm Baldrige assured Davos Davos assured Baldrige Malcolm Commerce of Secretary US 1983, veloping countries such as Ivory Coast, Brazil, People’s Republic Brazil, People’s Republic Coast, Ivory as such countries veloping world. “The likelihood of the US slipping into isolationism and pro and into isolationism slipping US the of likelihood “The world. what happened in the early thirties,” he said. thirties,” he early in the happened what tiations tiations with fair controland measures. Weverifiable must remove of memories our are strong so against, to one 1,000 is tectionism we where community, to international an involved in belonging ties the Forum was giving to North-South cooperation. to North-South giving was Forum the attention special the again Europe, highlighting and Japan US, the de from figures public high-level included which discussion, the Session on Economic Global Session which Issues, was chaired by former French Prime Minister Raymond Barre. Klaus Schwab moderated moderated Schwab Klaus Barre. Raymond Minister French Prime arms and Washington’s security Europe, outlined global views on Commander Allied Supreme W. Rogers, Bernard General Meanwhile, begin the signaled in 1982 satellite via Reagan’sPresident address participants that the United States would remain engaged in the in the engaged remain would States United the that participants In Symposium. in the participation government US regular of ning Davos.” of Spirit the we call what is This pressures. everyday than rather issues important really the at have to time look strength. The only thing that impresses the Russians is a strong astrong is Russians the impresses that thing only The strength. of China, Nigeria and Malaysia, together with their colleagues from from colleagues with their together Malaysia, and Nigeria China, of Summit World the was event this Symposium at Aspecial applause. with thunderous greeted was attitude.” message His resolute and military and unity political We need to negotiations. the obstacles nego disarmament option: successful “We one haveclared. only de he with freedom,” peace as peace “We understand control. THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY Barre, Chairman of the Symposium the of Chairman Barre, Raymond and Switzerland Director-General, WTO and GATT Sutherland, Peter 2

66 - - - - - Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and Tariffs on (GATT)Agreement Gathering Informal to an join Ministers’ of this year’s highlight Prime the was Another meeting to GATT, the Trade World the (WTO). Organization in 1995 successor of the to creation the lead eventually would talks Later, round. Uruguay ofthe invitation the at ofanewtrade idea the the ‘debt-crash’ and whose responsibility is it?” Banking experts we avoid “How can entitled session plenary 1983 the to mention Schlüter of , Kalevi Sorsa of , Cesar E. Virata of the of the E. Virata Cesar ofFinland, Sorsa Kalevi ofDenmark, Schlüter Round of global trade negotiations was officially launched. These These launched. officially was negotiations trade global of Round key the prob –analysed Norway of Willoch Kaare and Philippines; ing creditworthiness. Because of the popularity of the informal dis dis informal the of popularity the of Because creditworthiness. ing lems of leadership in the West and in economic policy-making in in policy-making in economic and inWest the of leadership lems ministers of the top 12 trading nations and the head of the General General the of head the and 12 top nations the of ministers trading session, which , the former chancellor of the Fed the of chancellor former the Schmidt, Helmut which session, government, the group met again in Montevideo, where the Uruguay Uruguay the where in Montevideo, again met group the government, launched group the occasion, that Trade On World on in Lausanne. initiative the to invite took trade the Forum the Davos, at cussions up by theya correspond were as backed long so concern for cause in themselves were not debts acountry’s that agreed panel the on In general. view of the it crisis financial isin noteworthy 2008-2009, finance), of (alsominister Zealand country’s New his of Poul doon eral Republic of Germany, Mul – The panellists Robert moderated. 2  1 Klaus Schwab with a Chinese delegation aChinese with Schwab Klaus THE SPIRIT OFDAVOS 67 European Management Forum, 27 January 1983 1983 January 27 Forum, Management European 1983, Symposium Davos the to Speech Opening Schwab, Klaus Davos Symposium 1983, European Management Forum Management European 1983, Symposium Davos Highlights of the Symposium and Summary of the Programme , - - - -

1983 1983 vigorous debate, where different perspectives are welcomed are welcomed perspectives debate, wherevigorous different titative growth. Politics and economics must be “humanized” be must titative economics and growth. Politics fundamental change to a decentralized, ecologically based based to change adecentralized,fundamental ecologically She paintedShe agrim picture of the current situation, with the President of the National Union of Mineworkers in Britain, had Kelly, Scargill, Petra Arthur and Greens, of the German Leader highlights Scargill Arthur unionist trade British and Kelly Petra instead of being active subjects, using them to satisfy their using them to activeinstead of being satisfy subjects, less objects of the economic complexes they have created,have they complexes economic the of objects less must therefore done.must be havebelief in to progress this a end, an and come demands of thepollution the environment. and society growth The well as as of rawproblems shortages materials energy and needs. Kelly,right Petra For aforum. at help are becoming people invitedbeen to submit the views of the other side, is only as the value of discussions: such precisely politician green environmental man pioneering and activist Over the years, the Davos meeting has been a platform for aplatform Over the the been Davos years, has meeting gy must limit itself. Not everything that is technically possible limit must possible that is technically gy itself. everything Not stay not and again in Technolo of the the bureaucrats. hands system, whicheconomic aims qualitative for rather than quan with Ger session of a1983 This summary encouraged. and Davos Debate: The Green and the Red - - - - Thatcher theThatcher British economy, economy the capitalist and limitless commercializationThe must of commodities which invests has than more in in destruction construction, Arthur Scargill made a strong attack on in general in capitalism on general astrong attack made Scargill Arthur the of problem instability. Scargill, multinational too, sees the Third World must be taken seriously. Kelly did not expect impoverishment The of changes. structural about to decide failed. There is only one solution: one There is only failed. the system, socialist in Brit in general, is heading for collapse. This can lead towards lead This can in general, collapse. is aheading for including women. nological means at our disposal. The free economy, The our disposal. at means nological to with deal situation, are where left neo-fascist the police both to rejected. be Finally, we work all, demand must for profit-basedeconomy and the Easternplannedeconomy are Western production. The to non-military converted be must have the potential production Weapons to problems. our solve by “democratic movements.” grass-roots non-violent and We allowed be longer no must firms Multinational stopped. be salvation from the State: from salvation out this is to carried programme be socialist society as the way out of our troubles. Under Mrs. Mrs. the way as Under of troubles. our out society socialist on profit but on the needs of the people, a world of peace. a of people, world of the on needs profit but on the ain throughout the world, and based asystem that longer is no misusing for the tech primarily responsible as companies the Government Thatcher and in particular. a advocated He - -

1983 1983 Many governemnts the Forum from its early years supported THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY 1

2 70 THE SPIRIT OFDAVOS 71 3 2 1 Mohamed Anwar El Sadat, President of the Arab Republic of Egypt, 1979 Egypt, of Republic Arab the of President Sadat, El Anwar Mohamed , Prime Minister of the , 1982 Kingdom, United the of Minister Prime Thatcher, Margaret Yasuhiro Nakasone, Prime Minister of Japan, 1983 Japan, of Minister Prime Nakasone, Yasuhiro 3

1983 1984 Future Prime Minister of India Manmohan India of Minister Prime Future The Summit has since become a significant annual event on the on event annual significant a become since has Summit The become quickly would what of beginning the marked year This Janeiro in 1992, were also taken at an IGWEL. taken an at in 1992, were also Janeiro who spearheaded and negotiated the North American American North the negotiated and spearheaded who August. Less than a August. year later,Less the India first convened the Forum Agreement (NAFTA) with the United States and Canada, once said said once Canada, (NAFTA) and States Agreement United with the that that the idea of at the had an emerged trade bloc IGWEL. The first mother his (CII). succeeded had Industry who Indian of tion Gandhi, Indian business communities. to the substantially contributed has and calendar business Indian three just assassination her on minister of India prime as Indira Davos. For example, Mexican President Carlos Salinas de Gortari, de Gortari, Salinas Carlos President For example, Mexican Davos. By 1984, the Informal Gathering of World Economic Leaders (IGWEL) Leaders Economic ofWorld Gathering Informal the 1984, By Confedera with the in cooperation Delhi in New Summit Economic initiative to the invite took Rajiv Schwab Klaus India. and Forum international organizations or governments were in fact “born” in were in fact governments or organizations international months after his trip to Switzerland, delivered the opening address. address. opening the delivered trip his to Switzerland, after months in in Geneva Forum’s the at headquarters leaders business meet new ideas. new Many ideas. initiatives that wereby undertaken later officially test and to launch leaders for place auseful become already had steps to organize the UN Conference on Environment and Devel Environment and on Conference to organize UN the steps Gandhi, then General Secretary of the ruling Congress Party, to Party, Congress ruling of the Secretary General then Gandhi, opment, known as “The ”, in de Rio was held Earth that “The as known opment, and international the between collaboration and understanding of promotion the and India of development industrial and economic Management European the between relationship strong a very 1984 Invitation to India to Invitation “If one day history of India’s globalization and liberalization liberalization and India’s of globalization history day one “If will be written, you (Klaus Schwab) will figure in the most most the in figure will Schwab) (Klaus you written, be will mohan Singh of India, November 2009 November India, of Singh mohan Man Minister Prime book.” history way this in prominent

- - -

1984 1984 Among all his preoccupations with nation building, he found time time found he building, with nation preoccupations his all Among the general elections that quickly followed, won the popular vote popular won the followed, quickly that elections general the to renew his contacts with the Forum. When the first India Meet India first the When Forum. the with contacts his renew to nation. fractured and to ashocked order to was restore task Gen the found him. They to meet effort aspecial made Forum the were systems India’s complex But India. in beginning a make to in India: arrived Forum the In this excerpt from his to contribution the to Liber Amicorum cele Rajiv Gandhi proved to be a progressive and innovative leader. and a progressive proved to be Gandhi Rajiv this after months three Barely intentions. other had history But 1984, in August Geneva visited Gandhi Rajiv when Nevertheless, private for expansion making announced, been had Resolution to steps final taking was government new Minister. The Prime Party Congress The 1980s. in early the was changing in India Much (CII), how Industry ofIndian recalls Confederation ofthe Mentor inaugural address. inaugural 15-16 on months afew held just was ing Delhi, in New 1985 April it. inaugurate by a huge margin to become the new prime minister. new prime the immediate His to margin become by ahuge Rajiv assassinated. was Gandhi Indira Minister Prime meeting, idea the When concerns. their appreciated and with India, ness minister – to be He open and was engaged. interested in learning ahurdle. proving Policy Industrial new a and regime, licensing industrial the relax as leader, with Gandhi, its power Indira to political returned had Tarun Chief in Das, 2008, Schwab of Klaus birthday 70th the brate Gandhi was chosen by the Congress Party to be its leader, in its and to be Party by Congress the chosen was Gandhi after the new government took charge, Rajiv Gandhi delivered the the delivered Gandhi Rajiv charge, took new government the after to minister prime the to requesting committed in fact and it of in favour fully was he mooted, was Meeting India an holding of busi in doing companies by overseas faced problems the about prime the of son the and – Party Congress the of Secretary eral time the this was that felt easier. Forum The somewhat enterprise 1 Forging a Partnership Tarun Das, Liber Amicorum for Klaus Schwab Tarun Das, 1 , 30 March 2008 March , 30 - - - - “One afternoon was given over given was this at innovation to WEB, an the “One afternoon This new kind of event at Davos was presented with the motto motto with the presented was event of Davos at kind new This discus high-level into in Davos these To leaders business integrate ‘Don’t miss the opportunity of speaking your mind! your speaking of opportunity the ‘Don’t miss year’s Symposium, and one that, by common consent, was a great agreat was consent, that, by one common and year’s Symposium, themselves put questions to the business leaders, thus obtaining obtaining thus leaders, to business the questions put themselves adozen participants about which of each at House, Congress the this year’s IGWEL. A Forum summary described the session: the described this year’s summary AForum IGWEL. Many entrepreneurs were delighted to have the opportunity to talk to talk to have opportunity the were delighted entrepreneurs Many minister. An of interesting aspect the WEB was that public figures minutes 40 spending people prominent with three system, rotation A organizations. international of heads and ministers politicians, success. A large number of small tables were arranged throughout throughout were arranged tables ofsmall number Alarge success. sions, a World Economic Brainstorming (WEB) preceded session gestions actions.” of needed sug gathering and policies their on feedback direct first-hand, a with a economics prime minister, a ministerfinance or an industry partners. of conversation variety a useful ensured table, each at with informally and suggestions concerns exchange ideas, could 2  INVITATION TO INDIA75 Listening to other people’s opinions Davos Symposium 1984, European Management Foundation Management European 1984, Symposium Davos Highlights of the Symposium and Summary of the Programme 2 , - -

1984 1984 European Communities, Brussels the of Commission the of Relations External for Director-General Leslie Fielding GATT, the of Geneva Parties Contracting the of Chairman Geneva; International Organizations in the to Sweden of Ambassador Hans Ewerlöf GATT, the of Geneva Director-General Dunkel Arthur Parliament, European the of President Pieter Dankert State of Secretary Deputy US W. Dam Kenneth Geneva UNCTAD, of Secretary-General Gamani Corea Washington DC Bank, World the of President Alden W. Clausen Industry and Commerce of Australia for Minister and Senate Australian the in Government the of Leader John Button Geneva ILO, the of Director-General Francis Blanchard (Democrat) from Senator US Bentsen M. Lloyd France of Minister Prime former Symposium; the of Chairman Raymond Barre (IGWEL) Gathering World of Economic Leaders Participants in the 1984 Informal US Deputy TradeUS Deputy Representative LighthizerRobert the Swiss National Bank of Board Governing the of Chairman International ; Settlements, for Bank the of President and Directors of Board the of Chairman Fritz Leutwiler Paris OECD, the of Secretary-General Emile van Lennep Germany of Republic Federal the of Economy of Minister Lambsdorff Graf Otto Treasurer-General of the Netherlands Korteweg Pieter of Zimbabwe Minister of Industry and Technology Kumbirai Kangai Development Authority Chairman of the Malaysian Industrial Akhir Pateh bin Ishak Geneva in Organizations International the to Nigeria of Nigerian Government, Ambassador the of Representative Special ljewere G. of Tasmania,Premier Australia Robin Trevor Gray of Brazil of Finance Minister Ernane Galveas Switzerland of Economy Public of Department the of Head and Government Federal Swiss the of Vice-President Furgler Kurt operation, United Nations, New York and International Economic Co- Development for Director-General Jean Ripert of Canada Trade) (International State of Minister Regan Gerald Switzerland Affairs, External of Department Federal State, of Secretary Raymond Probst France Relations, Foreign of Ministry Affairs, Financial and Economic of Director PayeJean-Claude of Minister Prime Turgut Özal Canada of Affairs External of Department Relations, Coordinator, International Economic Trade); (International Minister Deputy Ostry Sylvia of Japan Affairs Foreign for Minister Deputy Moriyuki Motono Geneva GATT, the of Director-General Deputy Madan Gopal Mathur Malaysia of Defence of Minister and Minister Prime Mahathir bin Mohamed Treasury the of Secretary Deputy US R. T. McNamar Canada of Affairs External for State of Secretary and Minister Prime Deputy Allan MacEachen of CEMA, People’s Republic of China of Republic People’s CEMA, of Chairman and Commission Economic State the of Vice-Chairman Yuan Baohua of Supervision Development Economy, Finance, Industry and the for Coordinator Minister Wardhana Ali of of thePhilippines Energy Minister Geronimo Velasco Canada of Minister Prime Pierre Elliott Trudeau Germany of Republic Federal Finance, of Ministry State, of Secretary Tietmeyer Hans Britain of Great Industry Trade and for State of Secretary Norman Tebbit USA York, New of Bank Reserve Federal the of President Anthony Solomon Portugal of Minister Prime Mario Soares of Yugoslavia Council Executive Federal the of Member Janko Smole Mexico of Credit Public and Finance of Minister Jesús Silva Herzog Netherlands the of Finance of Minister O. Ruding H.

1984 1984 “Just imagine,” breathed an American executive, “if everyone in everyone “ifexecutive, American “Just an imagine,”breathed The symposium runs a private contact service aimed at bringing bringing at aimed service contact aprivate runs symposium The debtor projects, investment for looking financiers Arab are There a at week, over past of dozens, the held was one meeting The War. get-together, Davos annual the Nowadays attracting this time the most unlikely partners together. Does it work? it together. Does unlikely partners most the 1bn of into market that through consumers. about official Beijing high a by addressed meeting a of back the to the European Management Forum, the private Geneva-based Geneva-based private the Forum, Management to European the In Thomas Mann’s book The Magic Mountain, set in Davos, the in Davos, set Mountain, Mann’s Magic The In Thomas book aware of more became media international the 1980s, early In the Half a dozen random samples suggest that it often does. One One does. often it that suggest samples adozen random Half break apotential of by vision the dazzled not was one hardly But report: Times Financial “deals in ideas”, this 1984 for and place the described as as Davos in Davos, 5,000 feet up in the . Swiss upin the feet 5,000 in Davos, been seeking. The prospective benefits far outweighed the CHF CHF the outweighed far benefits prospective The seeking. been – Japan to deals export chocolate for probing Germans Koreans, with deals timber to do hoping Malaysians Indies, West in the ners economy. world disordered and adynamic of microcosm fair apretty is countries, 50 about from participants 500 than more delay. bureaucratic by Chinese frustrated felt alot Quite business. bikes. Wow.” motor billion inat jest, half only whispering, was He second evening in Davos just the business contact he had long long had he contact business the just evening in Davos second leaders political and industrialists of top businessmen, symposium China’s economic prospects. More than 100 managers were pres managers 100 than More China’s prospects. economic China just bought one motor bike each – that a means of sale one 8,800 (£ 2,787) symposium fee (less for those already subscribing subscribing already those for (less fee (£ symposium 2,787) 8,800 organisation which runs the gathering). the runs which organisation his on found had he says state adeveloping from entrepreneur on. so and on so and part seeking Swedes funds, for looking representatives country World First the Europe of before sick the represent characters in involved China were Many already over all world. the from ent Jonathan Carr Big Deals and Smal Talk in Davos’s High-Class Bazaar Talk Smal and Davos’s in Deals High-Class Big The Financial The 2 February 1984 2 February - - - Those looking for easy short cuts, let alone magic formulae, are dis are formulae, magic alone let cuts, short easy for looking Those The initial contacts can be followed up well away from the con up well the away from followed be can initial contacts The To be honest, few new ways of putting the problems right showed showed right To problems the new few ways of putting honest, be in the participants business some from criticism been has There of one is it but – bazaar high-class a like thus is symposium The your research and development strategy’, others more generally generally strategy’, more others development and research your (and be challenged by),(and the challenged be Bank, say, World the of President the which world political and economic leaders moved from one from moved leaders economic and political which world the rule. Incongruously, most participants also clutch formal grey formal clutch also participants most Incongruously, rule. the tic theme ‘Warming up for economic recovery’, underlined that recovery’, underlined economic for up ‘Warming tic theme their that relief their to find who those of camaraderie the is there ‘How some or to get liketempting successfully’ ‘How to negotiate In quick succession In senior executives quick got succession the tochance challenge U.S. Deputy Treasury Secretary and the Prime Minister of Malaysia. of Minister Prime the and Treasury Secretary Deputy U.S. For the first time ‘brainstorming sessions’ were introduced, in introduced, were sessions’ ‘brainstorming time first the For is is the keynote. Ties tend to be the exception, sweaters and boots ideas as well as merchandise. Every day there are small group small are there day Every merchandise. well as as ideas up – but most of those who participated said afterwards they had had they afterwards said participated who those of most but – up minutes at atime. at minutes 40 for barred holds with no on so and investment protectionism, debt, to another, discussing businessmen of group round-table one on dependent as are decision-makers business and political man little too and political too been has symposium the that past And hints about. sternly. of useful a are lot there But his audience sessions, some pretty gruelling like ‘How to increase synergy in synergy like ‘How to gruelling increase pretty some sessions, of documentation. of torrent of the part to take least arrival at on issued cases, attaché Informality slopes. ski the on or supper ahotel during itself gress a better idea of why things were going wrong. were why of going things idea a better optimis cautiously with the this year’s But proceedings, agerial. problems. intractable over hair same their the tearing are competitors appointed. “There are no free deals,” one senior U.S. executive told investment’. your to finance else one another as Siamese twins. Siamese as another 3 The Financial Times Bazaar”, High-Class Talk Davos’s in Small and Deals “Big Carr, Jonathan , 2 February 1984 , 2February 3 - - - - -

1984 1985 A roundtable at Davos at A roundtable Takashi Ishihara, President of Nissan Motor Company. Motor Nissan of Takashi President Ishihara, whichdelegation, was headed byJapanese Isamu The firstofficial Yamashita, Chairman of Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding Co. and and Co. Shipbuilding & Engineering Mitsui of Yamashita, Chairman At this year’s European Management Symposium, the CEOs of CEOs the Symposium, At this year’s Management European transparent and must implement them across the company wher company the across them implement must and transparent Other to Davos. journey the made of Keidanren, Vice-Chairman the the Partnerships. Industry Ishihara reckoned. Ishihara He drew four conclusions: First, enterprises must approach envi approach must First, enterprises conclusions: drewHe four industry would become more competitive in international markets, markets, in international competitive more become would industry Company. Motor (Japan), Nissan of President Ishihara, ishi told regu and ministers with relevant sessions separate held industries lators. This lators. was the Forum’s eventand would first industry-specific information and telecommunications the in companies leading must ensure that its environmental procedures and policies are policies and procedures environmental its that ensure must R&D their re use must companies Second, term. long and medium take in the preventive and measures positively problems ronmental automobile Japanese the end, in the this, Despite . enormous to spend had automakers Japanese that participants the Twofrom Davos. figures key at leaders business for priority of Tokyo; Bank ofthe President and Deputy Inouye, jitsu; Minoru Taiyu Fuof Chairman included group Kobayashi, the of members sources to sources Third, findandsolutions new abusiness opportunities. of new environmental because development and research on sums Given the prominence today of environmental protection on the the on protection environmental of today prominence the Given environmental policies necessarily health. withconflict economic necessarily environmental policies that idea the abandon should Finally,ever business operates. it Tak session, In one challenge. the addressed industry automobile a already this was to that note interesting is it agenda, global and Meetings Governors the of to development the lead eventually 1985 On the Industry Agenda ------

1985 1985 While the world has made progress on environmental protection protection environmental on progress made has world the While from Davos and other Forum events. Forum other and Davos from For his part, Carl H. Hahn, Chairman of Volkswagenwerk, the Ger Volkswagenwerk, of the Chairman Hahn, H. Carl part, his For implement the ideas and strategic insights that they take home they take that home insights strategic and ideas the implement end, Inthe done. be aware should what of make people and issues cost the out work pollution, of causes true the out find ically: however, it is the responsibility of the participants themselves to themselves participants the of however, responsibility the is it crucial to raise leaders society civil and government business, heeded not were sadly this issue on Davos at voices progressive exclusive.”mutually not are of economics demands the and of resources use nomical international the explore general, in consumption of plications only this term, our environment.is of the “In long protection the to the paid to be attention more for automaker,man called also early enough. The Forum provides the platform for the assembled assembled the for platform the provides Forum The enough. early the of some 25 years, over past the change climate addressing and eco “The on.” so and concluded: He solutions, of dimension im evaluate the with research, continue with them, of dealing chance,” method he problems the warned. tackle we “But must THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY 1  Davos Symposium 1985, European Management Foundation Management European 1985, Symposium Davos Highlights of the Symposium and Summary of the Programme 1 ,

82 - - - - ON THEINDUSTRY AGENDA 83

1985 1986 President of the European Commission Delors, –Jacques time its of ahead Forum The This Davos Symposium was memorable because of the historic historic the of because memorable was Symposium Davos This their encounter,their wrote men: to Schwab both ing the month of January shuttling between Ankara and Athens to Athens and Ankara between shuttling ofJanuary month the ing right atmosphere for the meeting of the prime ministers, spend ministers, prime the of meeting the for atmosphere right the into creating effort and time of alot invested had Schwab Klaus to power the a testament and nations of both history in the moment Turgut Minister Prime Turkey of Özal between meeting public and sat on the same panel in an economic session. It was a landmark alandmark was It session. economic in an panel same the on sat Greek Prime Minister . The two leaders even leaders two The Papandreou. Andreas Minister Prime Greek comfortable with the arrangemets. On 23 January 1986, prior to prior 1986, 23 January On arrangemets. with the comfortable were and to Switzerland to come agreed parties both that ensure divides. to bridge Davos of Spirit the of 1986 Davos Diplomacy You have vested interests in each other’s welfare and se and welfare other’s each in You interests have vested vantage of neighbouring countries. The path should there should path The countries. neighbouring of vantage With warmest respects, to accommodate each other’s lives and interests. Mr Prime Prime Mr interests. and lives other’s each accommodate to by trying and relations your mar which issues the tackling and concern which issues the myself studied Having tions. worry youworry so much, I am nevertheless convinced that the fore be clear: Mr Prime Ministers, you should try to restore restore to try should you Ministers, Prime Mr clear: be fore Please agree jointly to start a process of negotiations. of a process start to jointly agree Please countries. your both day for a historic may be this Ministers, showsHistory that confrontation has never been to the ad Ministers, Prime Mr Klaus Schwab Klaus problems between you are not of an irreconcilable nature. start processes in order to resolve the issues between your your between issues the resolve to order in processes start a healthy and a mutually beneficial relationship by seriously countries peacefully, justly and equitably, through negotia to opportunity aunique is there today that sure Iam curity.

- - - - -

1986 1986 Three other leaders made significant interventions during their during interventions significant made leaders other Three zhkov addressed a business audience in the West for the first time time first the for West the in audience business a addressed zhkov world does not at the same time deal with current deficits and deficits current with deal time same the at not does world worldtrade.globaltradecannotexpand Second, strongly the if problems.” His with its to deal position in abetter willwhich be financial imbalances. that time first the also was It Moscow. from link satellite a through theworld had experienced recently made cooperation and coor for a broadening of the USSR’s international economic relations to relations economic international USSR’s of the a broadening for US Federal Reserve Bank, argued that the profound changes that that changes profound the that argued Bank, Reserve Federal US Preston Martin, Vice-Chairman of the Board of Governors of the the of Governors of Board the of Vice-Chairman Martin, Preston “the European defined outlines Communities, of a economy world appealed Ryzhkov Symposium. Davos in the participated Nikolai Ry Premier Soviet when work at also was diplomacy Davos national impact. “We need a change of attitudes,” Martin conclud Martin ofattitudes,” a change “We need impact. national eye inter with their an on more and more were formulated policies reforms, and development economic its up speed country the help solve its current problems without continued healthy growth in growth healthy continued without problems current its solve the of Commission the of President Delors, Jacques in Davos. stay ed. “Each country must take adequate steps to control and regulate regulate and to control steps take adequate must country “Each ed. fiscal and monetary States United Hence, indispensable. dination to hope cannot world First, key the two on ideas: rested analysis systems. production its modernize and THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY Narayan Dutt Tiwari, Minister for External Affairs, India Affairs, External for Minister Tiwari, Dutt Narayan

86 - - - - rates and between financial centres.” financial between and rates deregulation of the consequences the face also markets; we must of banking on competition between institutions, between interest interest between institutions, between competition on banking of makes a strong plea for the conservation of nature and endangered species species endangered and nature of conservation the for plea astrong makes International, WWF of President , of Philip, Prince The H.R.H. delegation Chinese the leading premier, afuture and Commission Economic State China’s of Vice-Chairman Rongji, Zhu DAVOS DIPLOMACY 87

1986 THE WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM – A PARTNER IN SHAPING HISTORY 88

H.R.H. The Prince Philip, , President of the World Davos Détente Wildlife Fund International (WWF), made a strong plea for the con- servation of nature and endangered species. “Our survival de- The Financial Times 3 February 1986 pends on the preservation of every variety of plants and animals,” he warned. The prince also underscored that industry had to be concerned about the ways that raw materials were exploited and The historic meeting between the Greek and Turkish prime min- transformed, the dangers of their exhaustion, the production and isters captured the attention of the world, as this Financial Times use of fertilizers, and the impact of transportation infrastructure. report illustrates. The summit confirmed Davos as a special place He conceded that many enterprises were moving towards some where people of differing perspectives come together and diplo- form of self-. “But we must go further and put into oper- matic breakthroughs could be achieved: ation joint action between business enterprises and nature con- servancy organizations.” It was not as spectacular as the Reagan-Gorbachev meeting but it Notable too at this Davos Symposium was the Chinese delegation, made history all the same – and once more, the scene was Swit- which was led by , Vice-Chairman of the State Economic zerland. With camera bulbs flashing, Andreas Papandreou, the Commission. He would become China’s premier from 1998 to 2003. Greek Prime Minister, and Turgut Özal, his Turkish counterpart, advanced and shook hands for the first time. Later, both leaders Meanwhile, the Forum expanded its industry-focused summits to sat on the same panel for an economic discussion, and a beaming six, covering informatics, automotive, international contracting, Papandreou even praised Özal for putting “a very good question.” multimedia, health, and food and agro-industry. In addition to the That will not solve the Cyprus problems, of course, but there was numerous Geneva Meetings over the year to promote investment a distinct political thaw in the air during the weekend encounter in developing economies, the Forum also organized 18 regional in blizzard-swept Davos, 5,000 feet up in the Swiss Alps. 1986 and country-related roundtables and other events – a punishing That the meeting took place at all is thanks to Klaus Schwab, pro- 1986 schedule of meetings around the globe – with a staff of around 55. fessor of business policy at Geneva University, and a man with an uncanny knack of bringing together unlikely partners. Some 15 years ago, while lying by the Davos swimming pool watch- ing a Congress Hall being built next door, Schwab, now 47, had the idea of founding an international business conference. These days, TUR Istanbul 20/21 Mar FRA Paris 9/10 Jun the Davos Symposium of Schwab’s Geneva-based EMF Foundation IND New Delhi 24-25.Mar NDL The Hague 23 Sep is an annual event, attended by more than 600 political leaders BEL Brussels 15 Apr AUT Vienna 7/8 Oct and top executives from more than 50 countries.

GBR London 24/25 Apr CHI Beijing 20/23 Oct Schwab coaxed the Chinese to start going there years ago. This time, he has arranged a satellite-transmitted question and answer USA Washington DC 14/15 May IDN Jakarta 27/28 Oct session with Moscow, as well as the Greek-Turkish mini-summit. PRT Lisbon 22/23 May MYS Kuala Lumpur 30/31 Oct Perhaps next year, he could attract Gorbachev himself. The Soviet BRA 26/27 May DEU Bonn 10/11 Nov leader evidently thirsts for knowledge of modern business. Where FIN Helsinki 26/27 May ESP 20/21 Nov better to get it than Davos?1

NOR Oslo 28/29 May ITA Rome 3/4 Dec

1 “Davos Détente”, Financial Times, 3 February 1986 1987 A new name to reflect an expanding global role global an expanding reflect to name A new “Our motto must be: Let us take Gorbachev seriously. Let us take us seriously. Let take us Gorbachev Let be: must “Our motto The The offitness and theeconomy system financialglobal and ofcor (openness) – under the leadership of . “The West West “The Gorbachev. Mikhail of leadership the under – (openness) At Davos, Hans-Dietrich Genscher, Vice-Chancellor and Foreign Foreign and Vice-Chancellor Genscher, Hans-Dietrich At Davos, the focus of what was now called the Davos Annual Meeting. In the Inthe Meeting. Annual Davos the called now was what of focus the the World Economic Forum. for the West to change its approach and reach out to the Soviet to Soviet the out reach and approach its to West change the for Union, which at that time was seeking to implement major econom major to implement seeking was time that at which Union, Many historians now regard Genscher’s speech as a critical marker marker acritical as speech Genscher’s regard now historians Many appeal Germany, of astrong Republic made Federal the of Minister Reflecting itsmembership global pol and fact economic thatthe it would be a mistake of historical dimensions if the West would would West the if dimensions historical of amistake be would it – reforms political and ic icy was at the forefront of its activities – yet bearing in mind that that mind in bearing yet – activities its of forefront the at was icy Initiative point after 40 years of confrontation in West-East relations, confrontation of years 40 after point aturning to reach today opportunity an word! his him is at there If mindset which, with regard to the , always assumes always assumes Union, to Soviet the with regard which, mindset general the overcome cannot it justbecause this opportunity miss participants. told Genscher cooperation,” to fear reason no has by outlining what he regarded as the keys Flexibility the as to dynamism: regarded he what by outlining were instability and turbulence market of aperiod during porations speech than Davos,” he wrote more than 20 years later. Davos,” years than 20 than wrote he more speech Genscher’s appearance coincided with the presence of the first first the of presence the with coincided appearance Genscher’s economics are closely linked with politics, society, business and and business society, linked with politics, closely are economics official delegation to Davos from the Soviet Union, which was led by by led was which Union, Soviet the from Davos to delegation official this for place War. Cold better the of no was end “There the of a global community,”a global declared. he event the for tone the set Schwab Klaus session, plenary opening – the its Forum ecology name changed European to Management a worst case scenario.” case a worst 1987 Economic ForumEconomic Now, the World NOW, THEWORLD ECONOMICFORUM 91 and Toughness and . “We behavemust finally as what weare – (restructuring) and - - - ,

1987 1987 without being replaced by new principles on which to base the to which base on by principles new replaced being without A. Samuelson, Institute Professor Emeritus at the Massachusetts Massachusetts the at Emeritus Professor Institute Samuelson, A. the post-war decades are eroding – or have vanished entirely – entirely – vanished have or – eroding are decades post-war the of Many of premises the complexities. lie deeper problems these farm of prices world and domestic between gap the to reduce the on afreeze initiative, proposing agricultural amajor to launch Institute of Technology (MIT), USA, and Nobel Prize laureate in Prize laureate Nobel and (MIT), Technology of Institute USA, Economic Foreign State of the President Ivanov,Ivan Deputy First for exchange rate pegging and concerted interventions. None of of None interventions. concerted and pegging rate exchange for Economics, prepared the economic agenda for the session. “The “The session. the for agenda economic the prepared Economics, ofgov heads 50 (IGWEL) than more grown toLeaders had include Economic ofWorld Gathering Informal the Meeting, this Annual By platform Davos the used of Australia, Hawke, Minister Prime Robert Field. Energy in the Equipment and Machinery of Minister Panishev, Machine-Tool of the Minister V. and Industry, Velichko, M. interest rates and ,” Hawke explained. “Beneath “Beneath explained. Hawkeunemployment,” and rates interest level of agricultural subsidies and negotiations for an agreement agreement an for negotiations and subsidies level agricultural of prosperity. … Coordination of economic policies is not a code word word acode not is policies economic of …Coordination prosperity. never perpetuated course take nature its wrote.he letting “But difficulties.” our of resolution worldwide with troubling “We of uncertainty live era in an products. A. N. including ministers by several policy. accompanied was He Commission, who explained the implications of the new new the of implications the explained who Commission, essentials are present inessentials the world for a expansion,” long, sustained Paul organizations. of international chiefs and ministers ernment, imbalances, account current accumulation, in debt developments THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY to reach out to the Soviet Union to support reforms reforms support to Union Soviet the to out reach to West the on calls Germany of Vice-Chancellor Genscher, Hans-Dietrich 1

glasnost glasnost 92 - to be distributed distributed be World to magazine Link the launched also Forum The videophones were made available at the Congress Centre, enabling enabling Centre, Congress the at available were made videophones where participants can go online to check e-mail. to check online go can participants where Among those at the World Energy Summit were the President of were President the Summit Energy World the at those Among the Forum always employed the latest communications technology technology communications latest the always employed Forum the flexible exchangerates wecan each pursue our separatedestinies Global Agenda Global annual with the magazine the replaced Forum the (OPEC) Alhaji Countries Exporting Petroleum of Organization the energy, automotive, food, events covering to include Summits try participants, to other messages to send and Meeting Annual the In 1987, the World Economic Forum furthe rexpanded its Indus its rexpanded furthe Forum 1987,Economic In World the free from having to inflate just because our neighbours inflate, or inflate, neighbours our because just toinflate having from free USSR; and the heads of several global companies. global several of heads the and USSR; From the beginning and through its use of closed-circuit television, television, closed-circuit of use its through and From beginning the DiBona, President of the American Petroleum Institute; the energy energy the Institute; Petroleum American the of President DiBona, J. Charles Herrington; John Secretary Energy US Rilwanu Lukman; identified through In identified research. extensive its twofirst years, participants can communicate with each other. These include ki other. include with each These communicate can participants ministers of Australia, Canada, Indonesia, Nigeria, Norway and the the and Norway Nigeria, Indonesia, Canada, of Australia, ministers stations Internet and highlights, of session photographs playing dis monitors flat-screen assistants, digital personal hand-held each to see also but other to each to speak only not participants publication, which was discontinued three years later. years three discontinued was which publication, our societies are autonomous islands unto ourselves. Still, under under Still, unto ourselves. islands autonomous are societies our other at the same time. same the at other to In1987, interact. participants of ability the to enhance Davos at among the 33,333 top decision-makers in the world who had been been had who world in the decision-makers top 33,333 the among participation. high-level were attracting Summits These ogies. technol information and health construction, and engineering about information latest upthe to look participants allow that osks and with participants, communicates it which through devices of deflate because they deflate, or stagnate just because they do.”they because just stagnate or deflate, they because deflate Link Link 3 2 1 NOW, THEWORLD ECONOMICFORUM 93 was published monthly. Later, it became a bimonthly. In 2003, monthly. a bimonthly. Later, was published In 2003, became it Eetoi Fitness”, “Electronic Programme Highlights and Summary of the proposal”, “A trade Hawke, major Robert Economic Forum, February 1987 1987 February Forum, Economic Highlights and Summary of the Programme Samuelson”, Paul Professor by prepared were wisdom’ of “A ‘pages few Annual Meeting 1987, World Economic Forum, February 1987 February Forum, Economic 1987, World Meeting Annual , Annual Meeting 1987, World Economic Forum, February 1987 February Forum, Economic 1987, World Meeting , Annual Highlights and Summary of the Programme 3 Today, range awide employs Forum the , Annual Meeting 1987, World 1987, World Meeting , Annual , World World 2 - - - -

1987 1987 1986 – to caution against dismissing Gorbachev with the usual pre usual the with Gorbachev dismissing against caution to – 1986 Whoever wants to know what Klaus Schwab and the World Eco World the and Schwab Klaus what to wants know Whoever was striving after something great, that he meant what he said. said. he what meant he great, that something after striving was A man full of ideas. A man who has moved and continues to move continues and moved has who Aman ideas. of full A man things without holding a public or other office; move in the sense sense in office; other or public a holding without things the new politics in Moscow. Notwithstanding the circumstances, I I circumstances, the Notwithstanding in Moscow. new politics the In Germany, the raging pre-election campaign provided a hostile a hostile provided campaign In Germany, pre-election raging the Schwab Klaus to honour Amicorum to Liber the contribution In his famous in many contexts – has become a signpost to the future future the to signpost a become has – contexts many in famous frowned at my warnings; even within the federal government opin government even my federal within at warnings; the frowned Meeting took place immediately after the election. Bundestag the after immediately place took Meeting Davos: in Meeting ions differed significantly.ions differed Ultimately, fundamentalon in speech a nomic Forum Annual Meeting meant for me can deduce it from my from it deduce can me for meant Meeting Annual Forum nomic West. the from needed was that answer responsible and necessary their politics, new Gorbachev’s to highlight Idecided principles, are developments where aplatform creates He otherwise. meet not On 1 February 1987, I formulated the alternatives for the West and 1987, and West the for alternatives the 1February On Iformulated decision to deliver this speech in Davos. Luckily, in Schwab’s Davos. this speech Annual to deliver decision earnestness and the opportunities they represented, as well as the my own country, also but Washington, only Not opinions. conceived in Bundestag the for campaign electoral the during - also continued of over prospects intentions debate and a serious for environment Gorbachev that convinced became I 1986, year the In infinity. at aglance to dare cast that telescopes with gigantic comparable and, thus, – popularized discussed without being populist. Davos – would who together people in bringing succeeds achieve.of He Annual Forum Economic World 1987 the at speech his historic and Forum, the Schwab, time, wrote that about at Germany of cellor drew the conclusions: Vice-Chan Genscher, Hans-Dietrich in 2008, birthday 70th his on The man is a phenomenon; his name is Klaus Schwab. Klaus is name his aphenomenon; is man The Ending the Cold the Ending “Humankind is facing the decision to be either doomed to doomed either be to decision the facing is “Humankind Survival requires cooperation in securing the natural means means natural the securing in cooperation requires Survival bachev at his word must be ready to cooperate. Who refuses refuses Who cooperate. to ready be must word his at bachev co-operative security structures. Who wants to take Gor take to wants Who structures. security co-operative creating in and life of aspects all developing in existence, of destruction in a confrontation or to survive collectively. - - - - -

The speech had an enormous effect in East and West. West, Inthe and in East effect enormous an had speech The With personal authority and deep inner composure he captures captures he composure inner deep and authority personal With the term “Genscherism” spread as synonym for naivety. in re for But synonym as spread “Genscherism” term the trends, has erected a memorial in his honour already during his during already in honour his amemorial erected has trends, becoming from Davos protects time. the This of problems real the idea. an such out to carry also but to develop only not ingenuity the with course to their maintain encouragement an was this speech for? hope one can more What lifetime. man who germinates future-oriented ideas, who tracks down new new down tracks who ideas, future-oriented germinates who man to international the impulses new many given has Schwab Klaus arguments ideas, exclusively are counts what titles; or positions matter, do not do nor wealth and turnover debates, passionate had who man one of work the this is All fascination. new radiates in Moscow, his comrades and Gorbachev for As my arguments. behind increasingly stood West the that outcome with the politics speech than Davos. The Annual Meeting always radiated and still still and always radiated Meeting Annual The Davos. than speech debates – his life work is Davos. It might sound contradictory: the – debates his life work is It Davos. contradictory: might sound prospects. future and sometimes mighty. the serious, and Inits rich ofthe a spectacle this for place better no was there back, Looking determination. ality, this triggered a speech serious debate Gorbachev’s about 4 Hans-Dietrich Genscher, Liber Amicorum for Klaus Schwab, 30 March 2008 March 30 Schwab, Klaus for Amicorum Liber Genscher, Hans-Dietrich this opportunity just because it cannot overcome the gen the overcome cannot it because just opportunity this no has West The own interests. his against sins cooperate to the past – also in the West. Such an attitude can only lead lead only can attitude an Such West. the in –also past the folded and wait to see what Gorbachev will decide! Let us us Let decide! will Gorbachev what see to wait and folded If there is an opportunity today to reach a turning-point after after aturning-point reach to today opportunity an is there If It would be dangerous to fall prey to the illusion that the the that illusion the to prey fall to dangerous be would It Soviet Union is acting out of a situation of weakness, which which weakness, of asituation of out acting is Union Soviet reason to fear cooperation. Our motto must be: Let us take take us Let be: must motto Our cooperation. fear to reason humankind into disaster.”humankind of patterns thought the to belong definitively must race, arms an to linked superiority, and power for striving policy andthe shape developments. advance to try rather influence, 40 years of confrontation in West-East relations, it would be be would it relations, West-East in confrontation of years 40 should be exploited and even intensified, instead of encour of instead intensified, even and exploited be should Gorbachev seriously. Let us take him at his word! his at him take us Let seriously. Gorbachev a mistake of historical dimensions if the West would miss miss would West the if dimensions historical of a mistake aging the new developments. Resoluteness is imperative. A arms our with sit not us Let scenario. case aworst assumes always Union, Soviet the to regard with which, mindset eral 4 - - -

1987 1987 THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY

96 NOW, THEWORLD ECONOMICFORUM 97

1987 1988 of and Prime Minister Turgut Özal of Turkey of Özal Turgut Minister Prime and of Greece Papandreou Andreas Minister Prime between accord ahistoric Achieving

The political highlight of the 1988 Annual Meeting was the renewed renewed the was Meeting Annual 1988 the of highlight political The War would have been unavoidable had he not met Papandreou in Papandreou met not he had unavoidable haveWar would been war is inconceivable. war is Andreas Papandreou, Prime Minister of Greece. After their first first their After Greece. of Minister Prime Papandreou, Andreas two countries took more decisive steps to enhance their relation their to enhance steps decisive more took countries two Davos: at reached they had agreement the In a joint press communiqué, the two prime ministers explained explained ministers prime two the communiqué, press joint a In Historians regard the Davos Declaration as the beginning of a new anew of beginning the as Declaration Davos the regard Historians that of later. Schwab told Özal Because before, years two Davos in bringing both sides back to Switzerland, where they negotiated they negotiated where to Switzerland, back sides both in bringing prove ties in the firstfew the yearsafter document was signed, the Turgut Minister Prime Turkey of Özal between rapprochement and ship even though some key issues remained unresolved. Today, unresolved. remained key issues some evenship though Ankara and in Athens visits many preparatory through succeeded a situation such as in 1987 with Greece and Turkey and with Greece in 1987 of as brink the such at a situation in Greek-Turkishera tentative moves to im some After relations. counterpart. his trust could he that encounter, certain was he and signed the Davos Declaration aimed at normalizing relations. to led and nearly war.escalated Two years later, Schwab Klaus countries two the between tension the in 1986, in Davos encounter The DavosThe Declaration 1988 “The prime ministers gave their views of Turkish-Greek rela Turkish-Greek of views gave their ministers prime “The They agreed that from now on such a crisis should never be be never should acrisis such on now from that agreed They the establishment of lasting relations.” peaceful war of brink the to countries two the brought that Aegean the tions, from a starting historic perspective and their deterio repeated and both sides must concentrate their efforts on on efforts their concentrate must sides both and repeated in crisis recent the on elaborated further They time. in ration a consequence of the exchange of messages between them. them. between messages of exchange the of a consequence and expressed at the same time their optimism introduced as

1 - - - -

1988 1988 The global magnitude as well as the human and economic tollof economic and human the well as as magnitude global The 62 – continued Meeting Annual the of internationalization The very technological developments that have been the basis for our our for basis the have that been developments technological very for to appeal platform the used which of many countries, veloping which was led by Ivan Ivanov, Deputy Chairman of the State Com State the of Chairman by Ivanov, Ivan led was which Deputy At the Davos meeting, the policy has been to conduct numerous numerous to conduct been has policy the meeting, At Davos the highlighted Sciences, Space and ofAstronomy Professor American the true value of the Annual Meeting was to be found in the small small in the found to was be Meeting Annual the of value true the the of some from systems life and to environment the risks the urged he Inhisaddress to Davos. came ter Yasuhiro Nakasone technologies, Klaus Schwab pursued his vision of creating an in an ofcreating his vision pursued Schwab Klaus technologies, foreign investment. Prime Minister Mário Machungo of Mozam Machungo Mário Minister investment. Prime foreign Beyond Beyond Davos, the Forum organized 16events, five country-related of time deal a great and place HIV/AIDS important an occupied would rouble Russian the that participants told Ivanov Meeting. in a row, year delegation, Russian a high-level second the For in the discussions at Davos, even if this issue had only recent only had even this issue if Davos, at discussions in the taxation of standardization the adopt to countries industrialized ly emerged. So did the environment. Carl Sagan, the celebrated celebrated the Sagan, Carl environment. the did So emerged. ly pursued and intensified this practice since its creation. In 1988, 1988, In creation. its since practice this intensified and pursued has Forum The ideas. and experiences exchange to participants progress. and prosperity goal. along-term as regimes having after happen.) this would And that 2006 until 1July be not (In would it fact, 1990s. the of half by second the convertible be Annual the at was present Relations, Economic Foreign for mission bique, for example, his explained policy,country’s new open-door or international of leaders and ministers government, of heads On the technology front, once again the Forum was breaking new breaking was Forum the again front, once technology the On Brazil. and China group sessions and events, some 200 of which were which of scheduled. 200 some events, and sessions group ground. Fascinated by the opportunities offered by digital new offered by opportunities the Fascinated ground. Indonesia, India, USA, Europe, in the outside were which held of allowing on emphasis particular placing groups, in small activities in 1987, by satellite participants Japan’s Minis addressed Prime sources. external from by destabilization nation his on imposed costs economic and human devastating the describing de from participation with strong to Davos, travelled ganizations THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY

100 ------This project, which is considered by many experts to have been been have to experts many by considered is which project, This yond the test phase that interconnected the Forum members of members Forum the interconnected that phase test the yond what remained of the company was ultimately sold to Compaq to Compaq sold ultimately was company the of remained what the Engineering and Construction Industry. This was due to high due was This Industry. Construction and Engineering the the toattempt first create acommunity”, high-levelglobal “social with atechnol in cooperation “digital community” terconnected International (Europe),International DECIE. or forced them to withdraw. Many of its assets were spun off and and off were spun to withdraw. them assets its of Many forced unfortunately and despite intensive efforts did not progress be progress not did intensive efforts despite and unfortunately ly available and to DECIE encountering economic difficulties that that difficulties economic encountering DECIE to and available ly Computer Corp. communication costs at a time when the Internet was not yet wide not was Internet the when atime at costs communication Corporation Equipment Digital his dream, shared who leader ogy 1 The Crystal Award Crystal The THE DAVOS DECLARATION 101 Davos, 31 January 1988 January 31 Davos, Turkey, and Greece of Governments the by issued Communiqué Press Joint - - -

1988 1989 Norwegian Prime Minister with Klaus Schwab Klaus with Brundtland Harlem Gro Minister Prime Norwegian The Davos Annual Meeting was the most compelling evidence of of evidence compelling most the was Meeting Annual Davos The A hallmark of the 1980s was the substantial expansion of the of expansion substantial the was 1980s the of hallmark A the diversity of topics and the richness of the discussions that discussions the of richness the and topics of diversity the Forum’s ofthe Consider depth and breadth activities. global the name two years earlier had been timely and necessary. and timely been had earlier years two name Forum’s of the change Europe. The outside from came members 1989, the over By half Forum. Economic World the of membership environmental” summit and offered Brundtland called for an “ecological- Harlem Gro Minister Prime Norwegian implications. its and effect” house “green the all, above and, concerns • Europe and Japan. in demand domestic of growth tained sus and US the in reduction deficit of programme aforceful including for reducing global imbalances, imperatives seven down laid Fund, Director of the International Monetary • widely. more ership own property spread to privatization and corruption, calling for more regulations on flight capital blamed try’s 1990 presidential elections, coun his in acandidate and author • cial banks. commer to countries developing of debt foreign the reduce help to expressly body international an of creation the proposing agement, man debt on initiative new a major with waters the tested Perez Andrés • engaged participants this year. highlights: the Among participants engaged Focus was put on environmental environmental on put was Focus Michel Managing Camdessus, Mario Vargas Llosa, the Peruvian Venezuela’s President-elect Carlos 1989 Global Membership Global

-

- -

- - - pated that the current instability instability thecurrent that pated was fundamentally wrong and antici apartheid of system the that argued Corporation, American Anglo of man • earnings. export country’s adeveloping to pegged servicing debt accept should tries babwe proposed that creditor coun • Pacific. Asia the and Europe America, North blocs: trading three towards moving was world “GATT is dead,” the that arguing the provocative prediction that Sloan School of Management made Institutechusetts of Technology’s • atomic energy. of in theadoption factor determining the being safety with nuclear, be to bound were we that and costs overall high to due end natural their before fuels fossil up give to forced be may we that predicted Rubbia, Carlo CERN, of Director-General and winner • resources. energy on leaders government of ameeting host to Harry Oppenheimer,Harry Chair former Zim of Mugabe Robert President Dean Lester Thurow of the Massa the of Thurow Lester Dean Prize Physics Nobel 1984 The

- - - - -

1989 1989 the ministerial level. Foreseeing the fall of the , Klaus Wall, Klaus Berlin the of fall the level. Foreseeing ministerial the In addition to 13 country-related events, the Forum held its first first its held Forum the events, 13country-related to addition In first time ever, North and met for discussions at discussions for met Korea ever, time South and first North Schwab invited the heads of 20 countries and regions in Eastern in Eastern regions and countries 20 of heads the invited Schwab , to discuss the implications of German implicationsofthe Kohl,discuss toHelmut meeting on Japan in Tokyo in April, which was co-sponsored by in Tokyo co-sponsored was which Japan on in April, meeting spectives and opposing sides together was on display. on was the together For sides opposing and spectives Once again, the unique capacity of Davos to bring different per different to bring Davos of capacity unique the again, Once concluded that a new mood of inter of mood anew that concluded and links East-West in progress the considered Hans-Dietrich Genscher • countries. with socialist policies economic coordinate actively more to Party, for called international efforts Workers’ Socialist Hungarian the of • proposal. the study to continue would nation his that eral of Chancellor Austria, declared Fed Vranitzky, Franz whereas union, political aEuropean join never would country his that emphasized Holkeri • feared. countries many as Europe” a“Fortress of than rather Europe” a“Partnership of that was 1992 Europe of vision Commission’s the that stressed Delors Jacques • power. economic new region’s the of implications the debated “tigers”, economic Asian the of resentatives rep three Office, Minister’s Prime Thai the in Minister Dabbaransi, Korn Prawiro, and Radius Minister nating Coordi Indonesia’s Soon, Cho ister • released from prison.) was Mandela Nelson leader heid National and Congress anti-apart African the later, year (One change. to lead would South in all organizations. the industry leading Japanese “neighbourhood”. in the partnerships and Chancellor Federal German West Europe, including Western and West German Vice-Chancellor West German Vice-Chancellor Secretary General Grosz, Karoly Harri Finland’s Minister Prime President Commission EC The Min Prime Korea’s Deputy South THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY - - -

- - - Hans-Dietrich • partnerships.” “transatlantic the of a reaffirmation for called also policy.” He domestic nationalism was producing “a global the entire market. entire the for rates exchange unitary establish countries Community European that suggested Heller Robert H. ernor • years. three to two in marks German 1.4 West and yen 100 to fall would dollar the that with his prediction headlines Bureau of Economic Research, made National the of Head and , a leading American • reform process was not irreversible. Soviet present the that argued He negotiations. East-West in leader tual concep true the NATO still was that declared and display” fireworks week a“proposal-of-the- as offers duction Wörner described Soviet arms re Manfred zation Secretary-General • partnerships.” “transatlantic the of a reaffirmation domestic nationalism was producing “a global inter of mood anew that concluded the West West US Federal Reserve System Gov System Reserve Federal US Former US presidential adviser Organi Treaty Atlantic North The

progress German policy.” policy.”

in

Genscher

East-West links and Vice-Chancellor

He also called for for called also He

considered

- - - 104 -

-

- 14th prime minister. He was re-elected for a second term in 2009. term asecond for 14th minister. prime re-elected was He 1989 was whether to hold the annual Business Leaders Symposium Symposium Leaders Business annual the to hold whether was 1989 Annual Meeting. Twenty years later, the Forum registered 43,471 Twenty 43,471 Meeting. later, years registered Annual Forum the traditional position as a bridge-builder and a platform for open open for a platform and a bridge-builder as position traditional the system 11,000 times and 3,500 messages were sent during the the during were sent messages 11,000 3,500 system the and times that days in those wisdom conventional the despite Davos, ture of notable was meeting one at India from delegation The 1990s. the 4 June. After careful consideration and in line with the Forum’s in with line the and consideration careful After 4 June. Some 10 Geneva Meetings were held with special emphasis on emphasis with special were held Meetings 10 Geneva Some Meanwhile, the Electronic Message Service became a regular fea aregular became Service Message Electronic the Meanwhile, in China in light of the events on Tiananmen Square in Beijing on on in Beijing Square Tiananmen events the of on in light in China ing finance minister before taking office in 2004 as his country’s his as 2004 in office taking before minister finance ing logins at the kiosks, 673,091 page hits, 75,776 accesses to the accesses 75,776 hits, page 673,091 kiosks, the at logins message system and 5,882 messages. 5,882 and system message Secretary-Gen then Singh, by Manmohan headed was it because of beginning and 1980s the of end the at prevailing region in the European Eastern and USSR the from delegations ministerial One of the most difficult decisions that the Forum had had tomake Forum the that in decisions difficult of the most One CEOs would not use this useful tool. In 1989, participants accessed accessed In1989, participants tool. this useful use not would CEOs discussion, the meeting went ahead as scheduled. as went ahead meeting the discussion, architects of India’s economic reforms in the 1990s, twice becom twice 1990s, in the India’s of reforms architects economic chief the of one become would who Commission, South the of eral up opening and ofreform newatmosphere the given countries, GLOBAL MEMBERSHIP105 - - -

1989 1989 1. 5. 3. 6. Martin Feldstein Martin 6. Wörner Manfred 5. 4.   3. 2. Gro Harlem Brundtland Llosa Vargas 1. Mario THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY Harry Oppenheimer Harry President of Zimbabwe Robert G. Mugabe G. Robert Zimbabwe of President 2. 6. 4.

106 the global economy’s long-term growth prospects and the devel the and prospects growth long-term economy’s global the on in particular focused He IGWEL. or Leaders, Economic of World Gathering Informal the at held discussions the summarized Barre Raymond Minister French Prime former conference, In apress opment of the : knowledge the of opment to usingthisknowledge. Knowledge oflifedevotedknowledge andapart oflifedevotedlife apart to acquiring a lifecycle. Thereisnotinahuman fact thattheeducationcycle isnow the businessmenremindedusof asset ofnations. Thescientists and edge isbecomingthemostimportant of thecommunitybecauseknowl- the knowledgethatisatdisposal We have to develop inevery country investment inresearchandscience. only investment ineducation, butalso growth. Humaninvestment meansnot as themostimportantfactor for country humaninvestment appears consequence ofthatisinevery led by scienceandtechnology. The First, therewillbeaprocess ofgrowth terized by anewconceptofgrowth. this process ofgrowth willbecharac- of stagnating economicgrowth. But term outputgrowth after two decades We areentering anewphaseoflong- the discussioninpresentway. the businessmen. Icansummarize morning withthescientists andwith result ofthediscussionwe hadthis Last point:thenewgrowth. Thisisthe Global on Technology and Science of Impact The IGWEL: 1 GLOBAL MEMBERSHIP107 (transcript from audio-cassette) 1989 January 30 Davos, Barre, Raymond by Conference Press in thelongterm. fundamental for maintaining growth cept ofanecologicalgrowth appears efficient useofenergy, andthiscon- like thegreenhouseeffect, like the count ofsomeecologicalconstraints, process ofgrowth hasto take ac- any cost, now we considerthatthe in thepastwe accepted growth at is linked to thenotionofgrowth; but notion ofzero growth, today ecology In thepastecologywas linked to the growth willbeanecological growth. science andtechnology butthisnew information. of theusersthosenetworks of industries butfortheprotection tion, rulesofregulation, notto protect have to adoptrulesofstandardiza- discuss international networks they proposed: whennationshave to efforts andaninteresting ideawas international coordinationof scientific But whatappearsnecessaryisan create anewbehaviour ofpeople. take accountofthefactthatithasto mation. Theeducationsystem hasto lutely necessaryto have continualfor- is evolving soquicklythatit’s abso- Thisisagrowth ledby 1 -

1989 1990 to German reunification German to course on Kohl Helmut Chancellor Federal Germany’s West They called for immediate implementation of a monetary stabili amonetary of implementation immediate for called They 1990 Annual Meeting became an important platform for facilitating facilitating for platform important an became Meeting Annual 1990 zation programme for the German Democratic Republic. This in This Republic. Democratic German the for programme zation of Poland, Prime Minister Marián Calfa of Calfa Marián Minister Prime of Poland, Jaruzelski Wojciech Parliament. in European the Currency European on Group Working newly the Kohl and Helmut Chancellor Germany’sWest Federal The down. pulled was – War Cold the of symbol stark and West At the Annual Meeting, a session on the “New Europe” took place, “New the Europe” place, on took asession Meeting, At Annual the the process of German reunification. The first encounters between The of the between reunification. encounters firstprocess German In October 1989, the Berlin Wall – the divide between East and and East between divide the – Wall Berlin the 1989, October In Spurred by the atmosphere of awakening and excitement that excitement and awakening of atmosphere the by Spurred itiative became the basis for the economic reunification of West West of reunification economic the for basis the became itiative neutrality. post-reunification German on insist leadership of Otmar Franz, Chairman of the Inter-Parliamentary Inter-Parliamentary of the Franz, Chairman ofOtmar leadership had been forhad inonly been 24office hours), Prime MinisterAnte Markovic bringing for together the first time theheadsof Westernand East the under forces joined leaders business and parliamentarians German West and East of group informal an in Davos, prevailed pro the later Eight months Germanies. two the of union monetary longer no could he that realized Modrow affected deeply the part, his For stability. financial maintain to support economic mediate On his return to Bonn, Chancellor Kohl moved quickly. moved Kohl later, Days Chancellor to return his Bonn, On Czechoslovakia, Prime Minister Andrei Lukanov of Bulgaria (who Dem German to The act. urgency the Germany. recognized Kohl of Yugoslavia, Prime Minister Modrow of the German Democratic Democratic German the of Modrow Minister Prime Yugoslavia, of were President participants the Among countries. European ern Germany. East and was cess and, complete on 3 1990, October Germany was reunified. on for 7 the the February, proposal his officially cabinet confirmed im needed and imploding of process in was the Republic ocratic of process reunification the of course the determining in decisive were in Davos Modrow Hans Minister Prime German East elected 1990 German Reunification and the New Europe New the and ------

1990 1990 The The French magazine L’Expansion, in 1990 its edition, 22 February would become prime minister from 1991 from to minister 1997. prime become would remem is Kiet At Davos, there was also a historic meeting between Singaporean Singaporean between meeting ahistoric also was there At Davos, his ofliving they were that part felt participants Meeting Annual Italy. of Minister Foreign Michelis, de Gianni and Austria, tory and were witnessing a new beginning in East-West beginning anew relations. were witnessing and tory the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Treaty of Amity Treaty (ASEAN) Amity of Nations Asian Southeast of Association the who Vietnam of Republic Socialist the of Ministers of Council the of in November, Votry’s leader and Van Vice-Chairman First Kiet, Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew, Kuan Lee Minister Prime coun his as down step would who to open as so changed radically be should block, trading European Hungar the of Chairman Deputy Medgyessy, Péter and Republic, ian Council of Ministers. They all agreed that Comecon, the East East the Comecon, that agreed all They Ministers. of Council ian urgent and drastic economic reforms. Among the Western Euro Western the Among reforms. economic drastic and urgent em also West. links with the They economic other and trade up market economies. Two years after this encounter, Vietnam signed Two signed this encounter, Vietnam economies. market after years a nation’s his of from architect the as today transformation bered Europe’s at were present forum in Davos the pants renaissance.”) thisreflected feeling with theheadline: du “Lesforum participants of were Franz Chancellor Vranitzky, representatives Federal pean of effects initial the to palliate nets safety for need the phasized socialist command system to one of the world’s the of to one system fastest-growing command socialist de Davos ont assisté à la renaissance de l’Europe.” de partici (“The renaissance à la assisté ont Davos de President of Poland of President Jaruzelski, Wojciech and Modrow Hans Minister Prime German East THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY

110 ------1967 in part to act as a bulwark against the spread of communism of spread the against abulwark as to act 1967 in part Project Project book Inhis to survive?” standards ethical global we need was the arrival of Vitaly Korotich, the outspoken editor of editor Korotich, outspoken the of Vitaly arrival was the A particularly moving and dramatic moment at the Annual Meeting Meeting Annual the at moment dramatic and moving A particularly theologian Professor Hans Küng of Project World Ethos, which Ethos, World Project of Küng Hans Professor theologian World Ethos for world religions.” He spoke to participants on the theme “Why do “Why do theme the on religions.” to world participants spoke He for Meetings. This year was particularly notable for the launch by the launch the for notable particularly was year This Meetings. Annual the at theme arecurrent have been ethics and issues Moral in South-East Asia. magazine, magazine, who directly came from the firstpro-democracy in established been originally had in ASEAN 1995. ofASEAN ber strong official delegation from the USSR present. USSR the from delegation official strong stration developed into a strong movement to promote “a ethic to promote movement into astrong universal developed an and Cooperation, a move that lead the country to become amem to become country the amove lead that Cooperation, and

emotional appeal for in the Soviet Union, with a Union, Soviet in the rights human for appeal emotional Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew of Singapore Yew Singapore of Kuan Lee Minister Prime GERMAN REUNIFICATION ANDTHENEWEUROPE

“I am grateful to the Founder and President of the World World the of President and Founder the to grateful am “I in Economic Forum, Klaus Schwab, Professor for having chal leaders from politics, business and finance of the ethical ethical the of finance and business politics, from leaders the persuade to we fail if For audience. representative ly lenged me as a theologian to speak to this international Moscow. He , published in wrote: 1990, Küng , published

flew

to

Davos

by

special

plane

and Ogonyok demon

made 111 - - - -

1990 1990 This to the meeting as follows: the together for the first time to discuss the post-apartheid future. post-apartheid the time to discuss first the for together In Frédéric Sicre, a former managing director of the Forum, described described Forum, the of director managing aformer Sicre, Frédéric Klaus Schwab also invited the heads of all political constituencies constituencies political all of heads the invited also Schwab Klaus rea continent. African the of rest the and country met They in Geneva. to Forum’s the Africa headquarters South of organized Forum Europe, the New the of emergence the accelerate events

a 1990, c East-

whole THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY 1 2  first hed Projekt Weltethos Projekt Küng, Hans World Economic Forum, Human & Rousseau, Cape Town, 2004 Cape &Rousseau, Human Forum, Economic World leaders Civil and Business by Political, 10: Perspectives at Africa South in “The Forum’s offices in Geneva were the location for the first forin Genevathe Forum’sfirst “The were the location offices

the greatness of the Zulu. The Forum was building bridges bridges was building Forum Zulu. the The of greatness the the creation of wealth and the other the redistribution of redistribution the other the and wealth of creation the wealth. A picture of Conservative Party member Koos van van Koos member Party Conservative of Apicture wealth. inclusive meeting between ’s political parties parties political Africa’s South between meeting inclusive these intended well how matter –no churches and ligions may be – will remain futile.” remain –will be may his face was to create havoc in Parliament shortly thereafter. thereafter. shortly Parliament in havoc create to was face his between former enemies and developing an international explaining and request their at anapkin on tree nealogical Global business executives business Global in this participating support network South for support Africa at the highest level.” still recall Chief [Mangosuthu] Buthelezi drawing his ge der Merwe sitting next to Thabo Mbeki with a broad smile on on smile abroad with Mbeki Thabo to next sitting Merwe der emphasizing take, to one path which on centred cussions Dis community. business its of representatives leading and re from claims ethical all convinced, Iam then, concerns meeting a the

record range n umber

of and Budapest.

led 20,

activities and concrete actions relating to that

to of eight of regional

a

meeting

strong To Europe. To outside were which held , R Piper GmbH & Co KG, München 1990 1990 München KG, &Co GmbH , RPiper

partnership

and in

1 East

count

Berlin r

with y-focused

( see box

South

Africa meetings ) meeting and ,

two and 112 2 - - -

side of the Berlin Wall. One week later, that infamous checkpoint checkpoint later, week Wall. One infamous that Berlin the of side other the on venue the to reach Charlie Checkpoint to cross had West the from Participants Berlin. in East in ahotel place took which meeting, East-WestGermany first its organized Forum the In June, four months before the offormal reunification theGermany, Denmark spoke of “The New Germany”: was dismantled. was Germany”: New “The of spoke Denmark of Schlüter Poul Minister Prime At meeting, the dismantled. was to emphasize the Western societies’ societies’ Western the emphasize to endeavour shall we that believe fore Ithere attraction. acertain of tenets moral contained also democracy, and freedom for respect of lack its from apart and results, economic erating gen of incapable being from apart communism, that forget not must altogether wrong. In particular, we not is Revolution Cultural the with attitudes. To compare developments of shift aradical also presupposes it but character, political and economic an of only not is countries Communist former the in place taking now ment readjust of process the that forget not Wemust overlook. easily may side Western the opinion, my in which, aproblem stage – global the from actor important an as Communism of ological aspect of the disappearance moral-ide the about words afew say to like …Iwould changed! had world the that realize us helped screens TV our on saw we What November. of 9th Gate] the on Tor [ burger Branden from scenes the forget ever will us of None Berlin. in tonight, are we where city the in than clearly more demonstrated this was world the in else Nowhere possible. became elastic. The impossible suddenly proved suddenly unyielding The ble. 1989 was incredible and unbelieva in Europe in happened What articles: many as just in written and speeches numerous in said been already has It The New Germany 3 GERMAN REUNIFICATION ANDTHENEWEUROPE (transcript from audio-cassette) 1989 January 30 Davos, Barre, Raymond by Conference Press ------an advantage. is it contrary, the On one. strong and alarge neighbour to country a small for hazardous longer no is it Europe, this In up. bound inseparately been always has Europe which with world, European peoples and the outside the of benefit the for released be new resources and creativity will which in AEurope West. and East into division unfortunate its of ation discontinu the experiencing is now which AEurope cooperation. trusting and aclose developed has West the in countries democratic of a core in departure of point its with which AEurope pluralism. Its unique. Europe makes what is this For Danish. and Czech Irish, Italian, is it time same the at if German, is which a Europe see to like also Iwould But latter. the in Iconcur Germany. aEuropean but Europe, aGerman not was vision his that saying as quoted been has Mann Thomas author The face. a human with capitalism of representation the for calls situation present the that Ibelieve 1968. of Spring Prague the in reforms introduce to attempt his gave Dubcek Alexander which name the was face ahuman with of. Socialism there theadministration and system economic liberal the of foundation the of part form which ethics the and principles the to also but rights, human and democracy to only not Irefer clearly. more dimension moral 3 - 113 -

1990 1990

1990 1991 Davos means paperwork the US to deploy troops to Saudi Arabia and the United Nations to Nations United the and Arabia to Saudi troops to deploy US the the In August 1990, Iraq invaded and annexed 1990, and Kuwait.In invaded Iraq August prompted This Storm go to go decided Forum From the White House, US President George H. W. Bush delivered W. H. delivered Bush George President US From White the House, go to Davos. Most to to Davos. go not business side demand that Iraq Iraq that demand costs for reinforced security. About 18% of participants decided decided 18% participants of About security. reinforced for costs a special message to the participants in Davos: to participants the message a special

Annual 1991 Despite War and aCoup

Europe

to “I am pleased to send greetings to all those participating participating those all to greetings send to pleased am “I Yet, in the Persian Gulf, the global community faces aruth faces community global the Gulf, Yet, Persian the in Through constructive dialogue and sustained cooperation, tinguished representatives from government, business we can build a more peaceful and prosperous future for all all for future prosperous and peaceful amore build we can world economy. Simply put, immense challenges and op zenly deny the sovereignty of nations in order to achieve achieve to order in nations of sovereignty the deny zenly ful conclusion to the Uruguay Round of Trade Negotiations is is Trade of Negotiations Round Uruguay the to conclusion ful less dictator who would terrorize innocent people and bra and people innocent terrorize would who dictator less in the 1991 World Economic Forum. Bringing together dis key to expanding economic opportunities among all coun meeting them together are immeasurable. However, of us. rewards the before loom now portunities the over influence undue exert to and hegemony regional our citizens. At the economic level, for example, asuccess example, for level, economic At the citizens. our market reforms. governmentfree and democratic of efits ben the seek they as sacrifices considerable and choices and appropriate. Today, many nations are making tough timely both is gathering international this media, the and

travel. World ofKuwait. World out The troops Iraqi force

Meeting,

since withdraw.

many

a

ahead withahead the US-led

US

of On 16 January 1991, weeks 16 two On January

those corporations

coalition

who

Meeting despite the heavy heavy the despite Meeting

launched

cancelled

had imposed a ban on aban imposed had

Operation

were Economic

from

Desert before

out ------

1991 1991 Valentin Pavlov, introduced the delegation from the USSR in a spe USSR the from Valentin Pavlov, delegation the introduced As in previous years, Davos served again as a valuable platform platform avaluable as again served Davos years, in previous As for “newcomers” to the global scene, such as Poland, Hungary, Poland, as such scene, “newcomers” to global the for South Africa and Vietnam. The Prime Minister of the Soviet Union, Union, Soviet ofthe Minister Prime The Vietnam. and Africa South cial message: cial THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY “Soviet reforms aim to achieve full participation of the Soviet Soviet the of participation full achieve to aim reforms “Soviet value the efforts undertaken by the world community in community world by the undertaken efforts the value We fully realize that fundamental economic reforms need need reforms economic fundamental that We realize fully this Forum. You have my best wishes for a productive and and aproductive for You wishes Forum. this have my best tions. I applaud the spirit of cooperation that characterizes tries in and especially the in emerging Eastern democracies to be hoped that world public opinion, as represented at the the at represented as opinion, public world that hoped be to the achievement, ahistorical is This Europe. of division the direction. this in cooperation ther zation of the economic and social situation in the country, country, the in situation social and economic the of zation Annual Meeting, will be governed by the intention to free free to intention by the governed be will Meeting, Annual for various groups of the population. the of groups various for Union in the world economy. This strategy is based on direct direct on based is strategy economy. This world the in Union Understandably, such a stabili programme presupposes Doing away with the old mechanisms and structures is a is structures and mechanisms old the away with Doing acatalyst be can trade Expanded America. Latin and Europe Last year we took a giant step forward in putting an end to to end an putting in forward step agiant we took year Last institutions and structures. New laws have already been been have laws New already structures. and institutions normalization of the consumer market, improvement of the channels the transferring for privatizationpractical process, economy market new create to we intend and made be an such to access having by benefit can world the of rest you.” bless God discussions. of series rewarding not only for economic growth but also for peace among na support of oursupport and we rely on fur cost of which was suffered by generations of people. It is is It people. of by generations suffered was which of cost why is we highly This process. painful and complicated currency finance system and provision ofsocial protection domestic savings and foreign investment. and promotingeconomic activity competition, mobilizing ownership from the state to other entities, de-monopolizing oping an infrastructure of foreign economic ties, legal and devel exchanges, currency and stock trade, of a network organizing involves this all, Above context. this in adopted USSR. by the offered potentially one the as market extensive the that we believe time, same At the interest. economic

1 118 - - - - - The The West arrived in West the the a partner. Inafter September, days without with just or to proceed In Forum a momentous time. The amomentous at capital Soviet in the its republics. Then, one after another, the key economic and politi and another, key the economic after one Then, republics. by power. power. cal figures of the struggling nation crossed the street to address address to street the crossed nation struggling the of figures cal the the Kremlin, the of new created only of the collapse ers of

August,

Scientific

first Arkady Arkady

who coup, coup, 150 150 DESPITE WAR ANDACOUP119 Theologian Hans Küng, Prince and Klaus Schwab Klaus and Khan Aga Sadruddin Prince Küng, Hans Theologian

hours

to regional The The

participants participants would proceed ahead and this line of action should be supported, supported, be should action of line this and ahead proceed cooperation of any possible barriers. We have agreed to We have agreed barriers. any possible of cooperation despite arising difficulties.”

postpone

the first group of high-level business leaders from the the from leaders business high-level of group first the Volsky. Prime

after the the heralded it though failed, attempt coup and organs organs

Before USSR. Moscow. seek

meeting

Industrial

Minister the He deputies had voted to hand over to voted to power the hand had deputies

the of government. Assembled in one of the halls halls of the in one of government. Assembled to Soviet Congress Soviet

at the event were fully aware that they aware were that event the at were fully pulled

remove President Mikhail Gorbachev from from Gorbachev Mikhail remove President

meeting. in Pavlov would Pavlov

Associations

Moscow out the

at putsch,

But

the

in 2

partnership with partnership

the Forum was determined determined was Forum the last

of

of be

the Peoples’ had Deputies the

moment among

Forum

USSR,

meeting

the had

and which

Soviet

the

scheduled

urged eventual

opened

was League

lead

the led - -

1991 1991 12 points that were incorporated in a letter to President Gorbachev Gorbachev to President in aletter were12 incorporated that points At the end of the meeting, the the meeting, of the At end the (which Petersburg just St had of Mayor the Sobchak, Anatoly transformation plan for a nation that appeared to be crumbling. crumbling. to be appeared that anation for plan transformation Forthe Party. knellof thefinaldeath Communist first the time, he be would attempt overthrow the that predicted He meeting. the heroic Hotel elegant in the gathering Forum the at participants noted, the people had been prepared to defend the Constitution Constitution the to defend prepared been had people the noted, On and Russian President , Boris President Russian and opened coup, the following in city his opposition anti-Gorbachev down the faced had who Soviet-era Leningrad) its name, dropped document, and the . of rule the and

behalf of behalf THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY

figure “Your Excellencies, President Mikhail Gorbachev and Pres and Gorbachev Mikhail President “Your Excellencies, The Meeting in Moscow held by the World Economic Forum There is no desire to interfere in the course of internal affairs. affairs. internal of course the in interfere to desire no is There business Western the of involvement and interest deep The We feel, however, that it is important to convey to you the the you convey to to however, important is We it feel, that the Congress of whichthe Deputies Peoples’ Congress finished its work the attempted putsch of August gave cause for rejoicing, with only the best of intentions for the future of your country. country. your of future the for intentions of best the only with them. with dialogue direct in engage and participants with from 5 to 7 September 1991 brought 150 Western business 150 Western 1991 brought 7September 5to from leaders from the international business community were these sessions, intensive of days three After Moscow. in issues discuss to came who leaders economic and litical Yeltsin, Boris ident publics, and for attracting foreign capital into your econ your into capital foreign attracting for and publics, for both proposals and views their you offer to prompted presence very by their evident was country your in men honour of meeting a large number of your prominent po activity political intense of amoment at country your to men commitment of the participants at our meeting and the ideas omies. Please understand that these views are advanced accelerating economic reform, in and Russia the other re great the We had opened. meeting our that day very the on by government the of restructuring successful the did as overthedemocraticforcesof jubilation. and victory The

which

the when

participants,

contained

he

stood

on the

participating participating Klaus

a

essentials of a comprehensive

tank

who emerged had Schwab in

opposition businessmen outlined

signed

the

to

as

Metropol. the six-page

another coup. coup. 120 ------

The Arts Forum: Arts to World the platform aparallel as Forum Arts town textiles. Michelis. Michelis. de Gianni Minister Foreign Italian friendship, provided valuable advice in organizing the meeting. In In meeting. the in organizing advice valuable provided friendship, Sir B in the city of the Doges. Host and chairman of the meeting was meeting of the chairman and Host Doges. of the in city the in by by a special message, Menuhin, who would be awarded a life peerage peerage alife awarded be would who Menuhin, message, a special ceremony and communications, and media technologies, information care, and community cooperation at diversity.of cultural cove y g

the Yehudi Menuhin, Yehudi Britain’s globa 1991

aim: construction, DESPITE WAR ANDACOUP121 r

Cologny

1 end 0 , “Societies have ever become more complex, their popu

The highest common denominator is our general for respect the dignity of all life and all cultures. The lowest common common lowest The cultures. all and life all of dignity the which came from the vantage point of an outside commu outside an of point vantage the from came which Recognizin false facsimile of order parading under the banner of pre of banner the under parading order of facsimile false life – of living order and represents the acceptance of the the of acceptance the represents and order living –of life lations ever more in differentiated their work, their back refuse to conform. nity with the sincere objective of contributing to the very very the to contributing of objective sincere the with nity surrendering to the anonymity, the bureaucratic reduction denominator is fear and aggression. These are the result of of result the are These aggression. and fear is denominator dictable happenings – to which living happenings eventually of individuals to categories; inert for that is the negation of ever without administration and law, government for arts, common denominators must be found for religion, for the ground and their manner of living. Therefore, ever wider delicate task before you of moving to a .” to th l industries understanding

of

for e enhance

World World later, the years two Elizabeth introduced Queen –

and F August.

artists, patrons and arts administratorsgathered – arts and patrons artists,

o Schwab when ru

to m financial services, food andfood agriculture, health services, financial

: encourage a spirit of understanding in a world in aworld ofunderstanding aspirit encourage g ha The The

aerospace, the the

th Over whom

expanded and e

World World an role virtuoso violinist virtuoso significanc

200 d with

World Schwab the launched World goodwill, Klaus of Venice in Venice a Summit held Forum Arts

the leaders

automotive, energy, engineering whom d

Schwab it arts e s o industr

he from f in art

effective had performed

s had

an the y

-specifi developed d

Economic Forum. international met cult

cross-cultural

in

ur at c

e his

event an i

n a

foster home award

close close

arts s t o 3 ------

1991 1991 THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY 4 3 2 1 February 1991 1991 February 1 DC, Washington House, White The W. Bush, H. George from Letter 29-31 August 1991 August 29-31 Venice, Summit, Arts World Menuhin”, Yehudi Sir from message “Special to the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting, 30 January 1991 1991 January 30 Meeting, Annual Forum Economic World the to Pavlov Valentin Minister Prime from letter the of translation Unofficial Economic  Economic World the in participants the of behalf on Schwab Klaus from Letter The Forum later integrated the World the integrated later Forum The you succeed in this vast task.” vast this in succeed you events. events. other and in Davos Meeting Annual to the tablishing of trust between humankind and those human human those and humankind between trust of tablishing dead defend to not and plants its and garden the nurture to weak, the claiming of rights without responsibility, the de the responsibility, without rights of claiming the weak, fiant assertion of untrammelled liberty and are the evidence evidence the are and liberty untrammelled of assertion fiant and innocent the against revenge for instinct frustration, understanding. also activities. its in all community arts the of engagement strong the to ensure efforts cial beings, their spokesmen who speak on their behalf. May of Professor Klaus Schwab’s wholesome vision is the es the is vision Schwab’s wholesome Klaus Professor of walls. Not purpose the essential least and life-constricting here We are walls. build to used hitherto stones very the of out bridges build to here We are bodies. and minds sick of

having

Crystal

made Forum Moscow Meeting, 16 September 1991 1991 16 September Meeting, Moscow Forum

made

Award to Award an

outstanding

a real

honour

difference

contribution to cross-cultural contribution

personalities 4 In 1995,

in

the Arts Forum into the Forum Arts

the

world who, in who,

Forum It made spe made It

of

arts,

addition created

had 122 - - -

Elie Wiesel Soyinka Wole Richard Meier Amin Maalouf Ma Yo-Yo James Levine Gordimer Nadine Gil Gilberto Valery Gergiev Gere Richard Peter Gabriel Singer Eco Umberto Coelho Paulo Christo and Jeanne-Claude Vladimir Ashkenazy Award Crystal Selected Recipients DESPITE WAR ANDACOUP123 Yo Yo Ma Crystal Award recipient Award Yo Yo Crystal Ma Author, Nobel Prize for Peace 1986 Peace for Prize Nobel Author, 1986 Literature in Prize Nobel &Playwright, Poet Architect Writer and Historian Cellist Actor and Founder, One Foundation Conductor and Artistic Director Producer, Composer and Musician 1991 Literature in Prize Nobel Author, Culture of Minister former and Musician Theatre Mariinsky Director, &General Artistic Foundation Gere President, and Actor and Musician Songwriter Philosopher and Historian Writer, Author Artist-Engineers Actor and Philanthropist Pianist and Conductor

© /Stefan Wermuth

1991 1992 and Klaus Schwab To To which with a Constitution providing for one person, one Africa, Mandela laid Mandela Africa, to African South the Mandela, Nelson in Davos, Meeting Annual the – the first first the – appearance joint a earlier,made years two prison from Bringing new impetus to the political transition to build a new South South anew to build transition to political the impetus new Bringing (ANC) Congress National with African contacts early its on Based upon, Schwab intervened. Mandela never forgot this interruption. this interruption. never forgot Mandela intervened. Schwab upon, representatives, the World Economic Forum had established a established had Forum Economic World the representatives, strong base of trust with the new South African leadership. At leadership. African new South with the oftrust base strong ceeded substantially the time that had been allocated and agreed and allocated been had that time the substantially ceeded participation their for conditions basic the er released been had who ANC the of head and leader anti-apartheid and Chief Minister of KwaZulu, . KwaZulu, of Minister Chief and Mangosuthu F. Klerk President W.de African South with – country his outside

make this joint happen, Klaus appearance South 1992 Mandela in Davos in Mandela

was broadcast live all over the world. When Mandela ex Mandela When world. the over all live broadcast was “The impending political transformation of South Africa is is Africa South of transformation political impending “The together by a common South African patriotism, a shared ashared patriotism, African South by acommon together in other parts of the world, we too will establish a society asociety establish will we too world, the of parts other in based on respect for human rights to ensure the freedom freedom the ensure to rights human for respect on based bound cultures, and languages colours, many of nation new isplanet experiencing. The features of are this clear process our which renewal of process phenomenal truly the of part spirit of nationhood and bonds of mutual dependence. As As dependence. mutual of bonds and nationhood of spirit of human existence and development.” condition inalienable an as individual, every of dignity and a of building the and dictatorship white-minority of end the means this own country, our In systems. democratic plural and open under themselves govern will countries all in peoples the which in afuture delineate They enough.

Africa several times to define together with each lead each with together define to times several Africa his vision of a multi-party democracy, amulti-party of vision his down

Schwab in 1

a vote: Davos

had

travelled session, - -

1992 1992 The tensions between Europe and China were still tangible. The The were tangible. still China and Europe between tensions The world Another significant development at the Annual Meeting was the the was Meeting Annual the at development significant Another the status of a medium-level .” premier’s developed The ofamedium-level status the to achieve aimed China to 2050 “by that 2030 said he ticipants, first Square in Beijing in June 1989. in June in Beijing Square a very developed two the Still, For For the first time,all theheadsof ofthe Commonwealth Independ Prize Peace win Nobel the together would Klerk de and Mandela ibov of Azerbaijan, Nursultan Nazarbayev of , Mircea Mircea Kazakhstan, of Nazarbayev Nursultan Azerbaijan, of ibov of one year, as following the Klerk with de president elected ically Africa’s South become would Mandela in 1993 and 2009. of summer in the ularly, recently most Karimov of Uzbekistan, Leonid Kravchuk of Ukraine, Ayaz of Ukraine, Mutal Kravchuk Leonid of Uzbekistan, Karimov delegation. his and Li to host agreed Italy ministers. foreign ofEuropean anumber phoned Schwab this request, meet events in the Tiananmen following West the and China between to par address Inhis Peng. Li Premier Chinese of participation his returned to Davos to returned Mbeki). Mandela with Thabo along (serving presidents deputy his Chinese government insisted that insisted government Chinese entitled “The New Partners”. Panelists included Presidents Islam Islam Presidents included Partners”. New “The Panelists entitled in a session stage (CIS)the States ent shared They to Davos. came combined relations normal of to re-establishment the contributed appearance policies as president. as policies Henry Kissinger chairing a panel session on “The New Partners” New “The on session apanel chairing Kissinger Henry THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY visit

and

in

with particularly

1992

an

had

official

in

had 1997

of

free a visit

and major

markets, to

friendly 1999.

at

impact

least Premier

He

relationship, influencing

one on his on acknowledged Li’s trip Li’s

European

perception first democrat

substantially

meeting to

nation. nation. Davos

that

of reg

the

his 126 be To To - - - - -

vations or hesitations.” At At these Schwab’s Schwab’s Klaus to mark Amicorum to Liber tion the In an exceptional gesture following the coup, failed the World Eco fully supporting President Perez. In his recollection, Naím quotes Naím quotes recollection, Inhis Perez. President supporting fully Shushkevich, Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of Belarus. of Soviet Supreme the of Chairman Shushkevich, Levon Ter-Petrosian Moldova, of Stanislav and Snegur Armenia, of Schwab as saying: “I saying: as Schwab Following Demirel and Constantin Mitsotakis, respectively, met for a com for respectively, met Mitsotakis, Constantin and Demirel Resuming in landing back home in , the President President the in Caracas, home back landing On delegation. large never be resolved through violence and when that happens, we happens, that when and violence through resolved never be prehensive prehensive exchange of views in the Spirit of Davos. In addition, a and attempt the condemning release apress issued Forum nomic coup, coup, amilitary faced suddenly still in still dramatically.changed had of Europe definition at of the World the of Naím, Moisés dismay then among participants. Executive Director ago, – it condemn must all should disagreements political are, but grievances coupsters’ 2008:

the Davos, Davos, MANDELA INDAVOS 127

the

emerging Annual his in his situation the recall later would and Davos “As the world would later learn, that night Hugo Chávez – Chávez Hugo night that learn, later “As would world the tional holiday celebrated with military parades and speech and parades military with celebrated holiday tional who until then had been an obscure lieutenant colonel – led –led colonel lieutenant obscure an been had then until who from Davos, are still felt throughout Venezuela and the rest rest the and Venezuela throughout felt still are Davos, from today’s na Inlong. for official Venezuela,anis February 4 More than a decade and a half later, the shock waves of what waves what of later, shock the ahalf and adecade than More in the coup – many of whom are now running the country. country. the running now are whom of –many coup the in happened that night, as the Venezuelan president returned Chávez failed in his attempt to take power that day. that power not take to But attempt his in failed Chávez of the world.” participated that soldiers the of courage the extol that es Colonel government. the overthrow and president the der mur to attempt abloody in paratroopers of group a small

new

the President Carlos Andrés Perez of Venezuela had led a ofVenezuela led Perez had Andrés Carlos President the Bank and member of the Venezuelan the of member and Bank

historical Summit Meeting prime

economies

ministers ofTurkeyministers Süleyman Greece, and

2 of don’t don’t forcefully, immediately, and without reser

encounter 1990, this 1990, the

heads know what led to this and what the what to this and led what know further The The failed. which

of session

of

to their Eastern

the

predecessors

that east

European

brought showed delegation, was news news 70th birthday birthday 70th

four countries triggered triggered

contribu

together how

years

the the ------

1992 1992 The concept of public-private partnerships has gained wider sup wider gained has partnerships public-private of concept The with the Forum becoming the world’s foremost catalyst to promote to promote catalyst world’s the foremost becoming Forum with the programme. Meeting into Annual the were integrated Also at Davos, H.R.H. The Prince Charles, , made made Wales, of Prince Charles, Prince The H.R.H. Davos, at Also to be need governance global of systems and institutions the Summit of Baltic countries and another gathering of Balkan nations nations of Balkan gathering another and countries ofBaltic Summit PPPs. Meanwhile, President Václav Havel of Czechoslovakia made made Václav Havel ofCzechoslovakia President Meanwhile, PPPs. port among business and civil society stakeholders in recent years, years, in recent stakeholders society civil and business among port Cardinal Martini, reflected on the nature and role of faith amid faith of role and nature the on reflected Martini, Cardinal importance the and values of lack the addressed leaders Other an for plea impassioned and eloquent an economic society. afairer of creating designed: when today relevant highly still view a – faith and compassion an for public-private appeal partnerships:

elementary THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY “Looking at politics ‘from the inside’, as it were, has if any inside’, if the has were, it as ‘from politics at “Looking not I am and original, very is far so I have said what of “None Their changed attitude towards attitude Their changed the world, themselves and their responsibility can, in turn, give rise to truly effective effective truly to rise give turn, in can, responsibility their tion not to destroy itself – presents a great challenge to pol to challenge agreat –presents itself destroy to not tion the with – today of world the that belief my confirmed thing with partnership in but done, things get to and alead take to to Iwant message why is the That recognized. be to has that many the to answer Ihave aUtopian that suggest to trying we behave. And who but politicians should lead the way? way? the lead should politicians but who And we behave. ways of managing society, the economy and the world as izations and other representatives of the voluntary sector.” communities,local governments, non-governmental organ placed well uniquely is business that is today with you leave iticians. It is not that we should simply seek new and better better and new seek simply we should that not is It iticians. systemic and institutional changes.” bread alone.’ We are not just cost-effective machines that that machines alone.’bread We cost-effective just are not by live not does ‘Man Bible, the in says it as that, is phasize em to Iwant All face. to destined is humanity problems such. The point is that we should fundamentally change how how change fundamentally we should that is point The such. dramatic changes it is going through and in its determina its in and through going is it changes dramatic dimension another is There efficient. more ever made be can and problems social

sense

of

justice, The Archbishop of Milan, Carlo Maria Maria Carlo ofMilan, Archbishop The of

responsibility, the world, the

restoration while 4

wisdom, Algerian

of

values

courage, courage, Prime

and the 128 re 3 ------

To To The decided Forum The in Istanbul. Republics Asian Central and Zone where many businessmen local took place in Hong Kong in October in partnership with the Hong Hong with the in partnership in October Kong in Hong place took to India, Southern Moscow’s Minister ing The The countries. of in anumber joint regions”, Kong Kong luring in succeeded eventually and breaks tax more meetings. countries. poorer in the poverty send members on a series of round-trip visits to important cities cities to important visits round-trip of aseries on members send such such as similar to hold Forum the led approach al effort to attract foreign investors. It offered less bureaucracy and and bureaucracy less It offered investors. foreign to attract effort order and Mercosur in 1995. Mercosur and

group familiarize the

with Forum de Klerk with Nelson Mandela, President of the African National Congress Congress National African the of President Mandela, Nelson with Klerk de F. W. President Africa’s South past, the of antagonisms the Overcoming MANDELA INDAVOS 129 ventures. as

Trade Trade

into could Annual Unilever, Gillette Cadbury,

Mayor Sid-Ahmed Ghozali its

the Africa

a

charged politics, the northern city had been making an an making been had city northern the politics, charged It reinforced

Asian Development Council. The success of such aregion such of success The Council. Development

summit regional organized lead

its

Forum Meeting.

Anatoly

members in

national to

1993,

disorder decided in the spring to charter a plane and and aplane to charter spring in the decided

its

The its Sobchak.

the

global

events, with events,

with first Summit of the Black Sea Economic Economic Sea Black the of Summit first

first

suggested Middle organized

unless first destination was St Petersburg, Petersburg, St was destination first

the

Europe/East

reach

Removed from Removed participated

economic

and

East

more

with

the

others along that

and

exception

attention was paid to paid was attention regional 17

Asia Economic Asia Forum the

potential

North the

regional into in

new

a

the pressures of of pressures the same

manufacturing manufacturing one-day

Africa

meetings

international of

of companies

or principles China

the

country in

meet 1994, “new

and

for - -

1992 1992 Vilnius Deputy Deputy Putin, Vladimir After At to the the in inence prime minister in minister prime Geneva Meeting took place in May with Palanniapan Chidambar with Palanniapan in May place took Meeting Geneva Development Economic for Petersburg’s of St Committee Chairman country’s economic reform process as finance minister. finance as process reform economic country’s in his role amajor played who India, of Commerce of Minister am, ed Tallinn of capitals in to Baltic Riga on the in Estonia, and now Chairman of , Russia’s company; Gazprom, of largest and Chairman now and city’s the of er, Department of Head of of Finance Minister now and

meet

2000 a

to

External brainstorming 4 3 2 1 THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY Prince Charles prior to a plenary session, with Klaus Schwab behind Schwab Klaus with session, aplenary to prior Charles Prince HRH with conversation in Czechoslovakia of Havel Vaclav President

having incorporate

Davos, 2 February 1992 1992 2February Davos, Meeting, Annual Forum Economic World the to Statement Mandela, Nelson

Davos, 4 February 1992 4February Davos, Meeting, Annual Forum Economic World the to Address Havel, Václav Moisés Naím, Liber Amicorum for Klaus Naím, Schwab Moisés Meeting, Davos, 4 February 1992 4February Davos, Meeting, Annual Forum Economic World the to Address Wales, of Prince The H.R.H. in within the

as

Lithuania.

president country. the of leaders political upcoming and new

held Affairs

the

2008. After St the Petersburg, After Forum group 2008. flew this close next

lunch,

At Committee,

of The The summits. regional into future activity

decade were decade present: , Deputy each

to Mayor of St Petersburg and Chairman and Petersburg of St Mayor the three

150 Russian Russian stop, the stop,

Geneva

young the Russian the Federation; Russian Alexei Mill

who Federation and then become become then and Federation would succeed would

participants men External Affairs Committee Committee Affairs External

Meetings,

who , 30 March 2008 2008 March , 30 would rise would

the

had

Forum Boris

the Latvia

to chance Yeltsin decid

prom

and last 130 of of - - - -

2003 as The Forum of Young Global Leaders. Young of Forum The Global as 2003 in reconstituted be would in Davos, Meeting Annual with the tion in conjunc partially own Summits, its hold would which group The ness, politics, academia, the arts and the media, all of them under under them of all media, the and arts the academia, politics, ness, Tomorrowfor (GLTs), busi from leaders young of 200 composed Leaders Global the community, anew launched Forum In 1992, the themselves further in their fields: in their further themselves distinguish or time) key responsibilities assume later would who that at with titles their below (indicated wereyear many individuals first the in nominated those Among influence. of positions and achievements their through well established and age of years 43 Global Leaders for Tomorrow for Leaders Global • • • • • • • • • • • World Bank, Washington DC Economist, Chief and Vice-President Summers, Lawrence Nicholas Sarkozy, Secretary, France RPR, Assistant Germany , Federal Minister for Women and Youth of Yo-Yo Ma, Musician France Palace, Elysée Secretary-General, Deputy Anne Lauvergeon, Yuriko Koike, Senator, Japan New Party, Japan Kingdom , Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer, United Kingdom Minister, United MP, Cabinet Blair C. L. Shadow Anthony Portugal of Affairs Foreign of Minister Barroso, Durao Manuel José Maria Popular, Aznar,José Partido President, Spain Training tional France of Voca and Employment Labour, of Aubry, Minister Martine - - -

1992 1993 who I Under the timely theme “Rallying All the Forces for Global Recov Global for Forces the All “Rallying theme timely the Under eratin academic and world’s the experts of leading 200 and ernment executives, brought Meeting ery”, Annual the n th 1993

THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY Entrepreneurship in the the in Entrepreneurship Global Public InterestGlobal e was • • • • • • • • 199 g principle

tributed so much to and friendships creating partnerships the basis for real leadership as participants among interests common many as tifying Tomorrow a as for Leaders Global the welcome but teria without delegations for them as well as interaction between distinct peer groups peer distinct between interaction as well as them for Integrate as full spouses partners Invite the highest level politicians in an individual capacity, capacity, individual an in politicians level highest the Invite Ensure that the political-business encounter is a real inter areal is encounter political-business the that Ensure Facilitate integration and interaction Be very selective on participation by cri rigorous on selective applying participation very Be Reinforce the idea that the Annual Meeting, given its very very its given Meeting, Annual the that idea the Reinforce is the place where participants can recharge their intellectu their recharge can participants where place the is Keep alive the Spirit of Davos – the informal, direct, no-non direct, informal, –the Davos of Spirit the alive Keep possible andpossible arranging special small peer-group meetings sense yet friendly atmosphere which in recent years has con has years recent in which atmosphere friendly yet sense strong political orientation as a result of the world situation, group featured specially Continue with the “Summit of Summits” concept by iden concept Summits” of “Summit the with Continue al batteries, take the “global pulse” in all fields, and create create and fields, all in pulse” “global the take batteries, al policy formulationcal-economic at a global level politi for consequences positive and concrete with action

(among making 3

150 Annual Report

political

them, s tha his first trip to Western Europe since taking office) t remai

Russian

leaders , th valid today: n valid e Foru Prime

including

together m

Minister se t

25 ou

heads

t

800 Victor o

bjective

company

of

Chernomyrdin or state thinkers.

s an

chief d gov op 132 1 ------

Washington in Washington Meeting USA annual its held also Forum The with the American political leadership. The annual US meeting was was meeting US annual The leadership. political American with the which was conducted for 20 consecutive 20 years, providing for conducted was which Another initiative taken this year was the creation of the Forum Forum initiative of the taken creation was the this year Another the motto of the Forum and its members: “Entrepreneurship in the “Entrepreneurship in the members: its and Forum ofthe motto the the the predecessors of the Global Agenda Councils. Agenda Global the of predecessors the Forum the gathering, the of regularity the and this mechanism ticipants In additio It from the current White House administration and Congress. The The Congress. and administration White House current the from Fellows, a group of 300 top experts in the political, economic, economic, political, the in experts top 300 of group a Fellows, ing izations later discontinued when the Forum decided that there were there many that decided Forum the when discontinued later maty, maty, To To activities. its all underpinned which Forum the of pacity ca intellectual the to bolster always was seeking Schwab Klaus sen of presence strong the on based traditionally was meeting social, cultural and technological as fields permanent whoserved cultural social, and technological sachusetts, specific field so that that so field specific interest.” public global end, he proposed the Leadership Hexagon Leadership the proposed he end, were They to foundation’s the activities. contributors and advisers a concept” activities.events and other its during government US with the to interact opportunities relationship productive and acordial maintained and established to Thanks Representatives. of House the of members and ators community most community among exchange opinions on of of event “round-trip

encouraged

Technology the the

forces Forum Report from the President the from 1 Report ENTREPRENEURSHIP INTHEGLOBAL PUBLICINTEREST

Tashkent, offered Industry Industry

the

and

n t

with for

convened and

top o th

USA,

experts experts eminent most the and governments political ”

an and visi cooperation

Forums to meet outside the Annual Meeting and to and Meeting Annual the outside to meet Forums The The work. its behind power

privileged decision-makers e Eas

Ashkhabad effectively. additional

in partnership in

in t by

cooperation

a t Asi

together together and

global global members global , World Economic Forum, 1993 Forum, Economic , World a an

business

insight in

opportunity

and

strategic

strategic Industry d Southern they could they could

with

with Baku, to in

into

leaders industry, Central

the

Harvard Harvard

Summit issues

but

what and for

Massachusetts Afric

serve the the serve ( non-competitive non-competitive fields

see box see hexagon underscored underscored hexagon the

who 10 Asia

of could international University.

a regiona in

country meetings, Governors

common

outlined Cambridge, with ), a “leadership

be international

stops

expected l summits

This concern.

Institute the

of in each in each

organ

each in

Mas

driv new this this par DC, DC, Al 133 ------,

1993 1993

1993 1994 President of Turkey of President Demirel, Süleyman and Turkmenistan of President Niyazov, Saparmurat This year, ’s Foreign Minister and , year, YasserThis and Arafat, Peres Israel’s Shimon Minister Foreign The The years, the focus would be on substantially improving not only the the only not improving substantially on be would focus the years, would not be deterred from implementing reforms. But he also ac also he But reforms. implementing from deterred be not would significantly. forward process peace the moved which Among by Singapore’s Senior co-chaired was which Meeting, At Annual the South-Eastern and Eastern Central, of democracies new the that year was when Peres and Arafat spontaneously joined hands hands joined spontaneously Arafat and Peres when was year that the Forum had already welcomed discreetly – in parallel with the But what has stuck in the memories of Annual Meeting participants participants Meeting Annual of memories in the stuck has what But Jericho, and Gaza on agreement adraft forged They talks. for Davos Middle East conflict.and Earlier the in Israeli-Palestinian the 1990s, the Yew, on Kuan Lee Minister inevitably was ofattention focus the industrial lustrate the Spirit of Davos so well. so Davos of Spirit the lustrate great great the threatened now crime rampant that knowledged reflected record so-called Oslo Process – Israeli and Palestinian representatives. representatives. Palestinian and Israeli – Process Oslo so-called decided time, Forum the same German Chernomyrdin, who had returned to Davos for the second time in in time second the for to Davos returned had who Chernomyrdin, (PLO), Organization Liberation Palestine of the wereChairman in of new private enterprises, imperilling foreign investment. Mean foreign imperilling enterprises, private new of as a il that moments unforgettable those of one was This applause. to thunderous together stage Hall walked Congress up the and quality row, row, well as well 1994 World Economic Forum welcomed its 1,000th member. At the 1,000th its welcomed Forum Economic World One Thousand Members Thousand One

told participants that his country had a Constitution that aConstitution had his country that participants told

of membership benefits and services but also and regional of and services benefits membership high the

Chancellor diversity. democracy,

the

many

in

former the

other

future

Helmut Kohl, who called on Europe to support to Europe support on called Kohl, who Helmut Soviet Union. Soviet as well as a president and government that that government and apresident well as as

heads

so

as

of

as

state to

a maintain

Russian Prime Russian strict

and

government policy exclusivity.

not

Minister to

present exceed In coming coming In

majority majority Europe

Victor

was this - - -

1994 1994 “If I may borrow the famous Humphrey Bogart line, this conference line, this conference Bogart Humphrey famous the “If borrow Imay Two Two Peres Minister by ign Fore in Davos conducted negotiations The world included US Secretary of State Warren Christopher; Presi Christopher; Warren State of Secretary US included world P. Minister to Prime while, promised V. also India of Rao Narasimha trated on the economic dimension of the so-called Madrid Process Process Madrid so-called the of dimension economic the on trated tually eco to advance designed mechanisms of creation the through the GATT and the IMF; and the vice-president of the World the of Bank. GATT IMF;the the vice-president the and and tural the region. Declared Warren Christopher at the opening session: session: opening the at Christopher Warren Declared region. the for peace in the Middle East. Participants from outside the Arab Arab the outside from Participants East. Middle in the peace for Sweden and Thailand; the heads of the European Commission, Commission, European of the heads the Thailand; and Sweden MENA Summit drafted groundbreaking partnerships between the the between partnerships groundbreaking drafted Summit MENA Malta, Portugal, Spain and Turkey; and Spain Brazil, of ministers foreign the Portugal, Malta, For For the first time in history, Arabcame and together leaders Israeli Bill President of endorsement and support with the and Morocco IIof Hassan King Majesty ofHis York,New patronage the under in Casa (MENA) Summit Economic Africa North and East Middle had Davos much How Leaders (IGWEL),Leaders were Informal there in a comprehensive programme of discussion in and of a exchange. programme discussion comprehensive The ings. nomic development and cooperation. and development nomic diplomacy of era anew signalled and sectors private and public October, of was end the at event, place The took which blanca. be in country, his reform pursue stan, Organizations, Global Canada, Finland,Canada, Casablanca was widely regarded as heralding a fresh start for start a fresh heralding as regarded widely was Casablanca Korea, Italy, South Ireland, India, Japan, Greece, Denmark, China, Organization Clinton of the United States and President Boris Yeltsin Boris Russia. of President and States United the of Clinton dent of ; the prime ministers of Austria, Israel, Israel, Austria, of ministers prime the Romania; of Iliescu Ion dent in Relations Foreign on Council with the in partnership organized first the organize to Forum the encouraged Arafat Chairman and World of Gathering Informal traditional the and dustries

discerned thousand THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY Personalities.

Russia, In all

Leaders for

addition the

MENA

Switzerland from Leaders, Regional Leaders, Media Leaders

top the

to

France, leaders

the Global countries attended the Summit, the which concen attended countries

Tomorrow,

There the developed into

that groups

Governors

City were and from Germany, favouring a step-by-step a favouring Venezuela; , from ministers Mayors

government the also held

Meetings National

separate Israel,

Gatherings among Business a and

private “Summit the Editorialists.

the

and

Economic

from programmes

peer-to-peer Netherlands,

business

of

12 Summits”

different in different

approach.

Economic Economic Research

and from

for

meet

Paki may may

Cul the

vir 138 ------

The growing importance of Asia in the global economy and in the in the and economy global in the Asia of growing importance The Th we actually have been going through for the last three years is not not is years three last the for through going have been we actually was launched by Prime Minister Goh and his French counterpart French his counterpart and Goh Minister by Prime launched was Alto the vision that brought them to Casablanca, that of acomprehen of that to Casablanca, them brought that vision the current current ofthe component spectacular most the the Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM) of heads of government, which which government, of (ASEM) Meeting heads of Asia-Europe the Forum, Cooperation the Economic through Pacific theAsia-Pacific across links NATO through deepening the and alliance transatlantic Economic Asia third Tong the East at Chok abanquet ter Goh during Summit, Klaus Schwab raised the idea of complementing the strong strong the complementing of idea the raised Schwab Klaus Summit, international community, especially with the emergence of China China of emergence with the especially community, international in 1996. Davos in arrangement new the announce would Balladur.Edouard Goh of to creation the eventually led and germinated idea Europe. The Minis Prime year,in the withEarlier Singaporean in a conversation heightened expectations in the Declaration Casablanca released the expressed Participants globe. the around from participation felt.” to be beginning …Perhaps revolution. economic aworldwide but acrisis merely Harvard Business Review in Harvard Business published sive peace and a new partnership of business and government government and of business anew partnership and sive peace The The to Asia. gravity of centre economy’s world in the shift Claude Smadja, then Senior Adviser to the Forum, wrote: to Forum, the “What Adviser Senior then Smadja, Claude at the end of the meeting: “The Summit leaders feel united behind behind united feel leaders Summit “The meeting: ofthe end the at by high-level the demonstrated as commitment, and hope genuine friendship.” of aSummit was It ofabeautiful beginning the be could economic Israelis. and Arabs between peace to furthering dedicated end of the 1960s has led to led has 1960s of the end the since Asia in East growth steady and of fast process dinary entitled article Inan members. its and Forum the on lost not was India, and and Asia together bringing mechanism with a third APEC, regular or cooperation e , Forum , 2 1 ONE THOUSAND MEMBERS139 California aalna Declaration, Casablanca Africa Economic Summit, 30 October – 1 November 1994 –1November October 30 Summit, Economic Africa World Order”, Harvard Review Business Order”, November-DecemberWorld 1994 Economic New The Policy: and “Power Smadja, Claude and Schwab Klaus “Power “Power power, the power, meanwhile

with , hoste and Policy: The New Economic Economic New The Policy: and

Caltech 2

d impact , hel by

and The Casablanca Report Stanford

an d it

the

and overall s secon

University

implications Schwab, Schwab, , Klaus University

redistribution d Industr

of , Middle East and North North and East , Middle

California,

World and of y revolution is the the is revolution Summi which are just just are which

of

together with with together organized

the Order” and and Order” Berkeley t world’s world’s i extraor ” n 1 Pal

in o - - -

1994 1994 The six characteristics are divided into three inner driving inner three into divided are characteristics six The This new world requires a specific mix of characteristics which We have to anew world confront characterized by we have leadership of a form in defined the “hexagon”. forces and three outward-oriented implementation three outward-oriented and powers:forces Our Leadership Concept Leadership Our • • • 1. 5. 3. 2. 6. 4.

“message”, thus obtaining above-average and attention Time compression with ever-accelerating pressures on on pressures ever-accelerating with compression Time works, i.e. to create truly flexible partnerships to pursue pursue to partnerships flexible truly create to i.e. works, A global agenda with new dimensions of complexity; and complexity; of dimensions new with agenda A global IMPACT POWER: Ability to achieve results quickly; to carry carry to quickly; results achieve to Ability IMPACT POWER: Multipolarity with a multiplicity of actors of amultiplicity with Multipolarity MESSAGE POWER: Ability to reach collaborators, custom collaborators, reach to Ability POWER: MESSAGE radi and cultivate possess, to Capability FORCE: PHYSICAL and concepts strategies, develop to Ability FORCE: FUTURE with aof system moral values; Identification FORCE: MORAL NETWORKING POWER: Ability to develop and maintain maintain and develop to Ability POWER: NETWORKING leadership. mutual objectives. speed to one’s to advantage. speed strength; ethical actions and behaviour; credibility; congru out one’s visions, strategies and concepts; to use time and and time use to concepts; and strategies one’sout visions, acceptance. adistinctive with intuitively and effectively voters ers, dynamism. with act to vitality; and force physical ate time. in and a coherent vision; to prepare for the future appropriately actions. and words between ence

- - - - The Forum has developed this leadership “hexagon” thisleadership developed toillus has Forum The trate its contribution to the process of political, economic economic oftrate political, contribution its to the process Forces and powers and areForces interrelated, example for

and business leadership. 1. 3. 2. 4. • • •

The members of the Forum constitute a moral force by shar The Forum is the world’s top networking institution and to is activities Forum’s the all of objective principal The The Forum aids the setting of priorities and thus allows the the allows thus and priorities of setting the aids Forum The IMPACT POWER IMPACT FORCE PHYSICAL astrong today require will POWER NETWORKING FORCE lic interest.”lic ing the Forum’s motto: “Entrepreneurship in the global pub MORAL FORCE MORAL by power. community. world the in power impact mately, their Credible strengthen the future force of its constituents and, ulti and, constituents its of force future the strengthen a unique mechanism for the development of networking development of power. message and vitality is only possible if it is supported supported is it if possible only is POWER MESSAGE is only effective if it is guided by FUTURE guided is it if effective only is - - - -

1994 1994 THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY

142 Israeli Minister of Foreign Affairs Foreign of Minister Israeli Peres, Shimon and PLO the of Chairman Arafat, Yasser peace: for Hoping ONE THOUSAND MEMBERS143

© Reuters/Andy Mettler

1994 1995 UN Secretary-General Boutros with Boutros-Ghali UN Klaus Schwab Secretary-General World World the of 25th anniversary the marked year This Klaus prompted occasion The Forum. key Annual Report

1995 achievements Overcoming Indifference Overcoming “Twenty-five years ago, as a young professor born just be just born professor young a as ago, years “Twenty-five terest. The need still clearly exists for intensive, personal personal intensive, for exists clearly still need The terest. busi and political between bridge apermanent create to from business, government, academia and the media into a a into media the and academia government, business, from and executives, Europe’s of chief aForum of creation the for Europe’s business that strongly very Ifelt War II, World fore Since 1971, I have continued to devote myself to the fasci the to myself devote to 1971, I have continued Since Foundation, now called the World Economic Forum, which support moral necessary the give to Communities, European in a world with a vast number of players, all under tremen under all players, of number a vast with a world in today particularly globally, level highest the at interaction the shaping in role active more amuch take should leaders nating journey of an entrepreneur in the global public in public global the in entrepreneur an of journey nating partnership for economic and social progress. thebecome world’s foremost institution integrating leaders the Iestablished need To this serve decision-making. ness response was overwhelming. What was planned as a single in European the I convinced world. the in peace and ment partnership and cooperation that conviction the was me drove What future. social and economic region’s political, dous time pressure. has It Meeting. Annual 25th its 1995, January in organized, need: afundamental to answer the be to out event turned The 1971. January in symposium Davos first the organized the of Commission the particularly and associations, dustry across national borders are the best guarantee of develop , he wrote:, he

of

the

organization

he Schwab

had

built.

to

In reflect

the Economic Forum’s

on

the ------

1995 1995 participants participants years, other thisand Meetings At Annual the the challenge of safeguarding diversity so that globalization does does globalization that so diversity safeguarding of challenge the other and members years, the through At Davos transformation. to Forum’s Forum’s the to celebrate, occasion an being than Rather integrating business, government and civil society to include more and more more and more to include society civil and government business, many that feeling what it means to be a has leader to be redefined, the challenged repeatedly not provoke sudden and values on focusing ways been have in different participants this of dimensions ethical and social the especially world, pendent has apassing not is uncertainty social and business sonal sibility, eration is required to fight this. Interdependence means that we that means Interdependence this. fight to required is eration coop Global world. the of parts developed least in the especially degradation, to mention not campaigns, terror and corruption crime, by international subverted being risk nations and even greater for need the also is There actors. in processes and power decision-making ofthe dispersal the given and globalized increasingly an of implications the about concerns and questions of ahost to fore the brought anniversary

define

become THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY

risk-taking in business as well as in government. Economic, in government. Economic, well as as risk-taking in business courage We have fascinating opportunities today. We cred have the opportunities We have fascinating over deal agreat we have achieved members, our you With terprises – to develop these opportunities into new val new into opportunities these develop –to terprises who my colleagues all to grateful Iam and years 25 past the we will focus on a visionary outlook for the next 25 years.” 25 next the for outlook avisionary on focus we will for the world at large. On the occasion of this anniversary anniversary this of occasion the On large. at world the for the of transformation the be would they history, our from Foundation from a European to a truly global forum, and the the and forum, global atruly to aEuropean from Foundation ue-added services for our for members and and constituents services ue-added ibility, the organizational and financialstrength, and above intellectual and political role the World Economic Forum has been able to play in many world developments, as we as developments, world many in play to able been has highlights two choose to Iwere If possible. this make helped all the confidence of our members – over 1,000 leading en leading – over 1,000 members our of confidence the all Report. Annual last the in detail in described a

set world?

a

disease permanent of

and shared

disruptions

creativity

and

values

characteristic

the traditional parameters of leadership,

to

that social that

tackle

would serve as a basis for this this for abasis as serve would result

threats consequences

of

problems,

our in

conflict.

from world. phenomenon personal

environmental a

Our

sense Is

of

it societies

poverty, poverty, possible respon interde

of silver silver have have

per but 146 1 ------

The The Wit which society, Schwab society, of levels all at with indifference the world was – and is – indifference, Wiesel wrote. added: He Wiesel –indifference, is –and was world the both indifference and extremism – and commit to open to commit and – extremism and indifference both essays of to collection the bution Yet Yet awhole. as society ofglobal sumptions someday We We elsewhere. happens to what indifferent be cannot it obscure, remained order any of new outlines the in history. Although point turning a critical global as fundamental the to reassess aneed was There era. anew of coming Indifference: Ten Indifference: coming Key inToday’s Challenges World Changing h thi book’s ambitions to become global players players global become to ambitions with enterprises dynamic engage to sought Forum the 1995, as early As OVERCOMING INDIFFERENCE147

concern. was s imperativ “The opposite of love is not hate but indifference. But this this But indifference. but hate not love is of opposite “The triumph over fear.” is not ugliness but indifference. The opposite of life is not not is life of opposite The indifference. but ugliness not is beauty of opposite The indifference. but ignorance not is new assumption we all seek now to accept? No, it is an old old an is it No, accept? to now seek we all assumption new one. In fact, it is as old as human hope which has helped us us helped has which hope human as old as is it fact, In one. the this Is death. and life both to indifference but death education of opposite The well. as concepts other to applies

judge

published title was borrowed from Professor ’s contri Professor from borrowed was title

the The e i

1990s worst

, Schwa n mind this

year. He year.

enemy and 2 seemed

the

and

turn

on believed b put

the

clear crucial of

biggest

the togethe

this pressing need met met need this pressing that

that

century issues

historians

feared. the challenge facing facing challenge r th

of must combat combat must world e boo as

long-term

societies. the dawn dawn the

k was at at was would Over - - - ,

1995 1995 THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY

148 OVERCOMING INDIFFERENCE149

1995 1995 They remain as relevant today as in 1995. as today relevant as remain They with thinkers, the book Summit Eas Besides Followin Asia. and icas industrial leaders Cultural Federation, Russian the and States by United the Co-sponsored contributing their special insights and approaches to global issues. to global approaches and insights special their contributing are patronage the under dan, in identified challenges key10 The publication. the in expressed always among always t THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY Klaus Schwab, Schwab, Klaus 2 1 the support the an • • • • • • • • • • World Economic Forum Annual 1994-1995 Report members”, our to “Message Schwab, Klaus Changing World d

from

brought facing the new inequalities integrating Asia integrating living in the new information society re-engineering the corporation economy aglobalizing with pace keeping maintaining global security global maintaining ensuring national policy-making in a global world employmentcreating sufficient inensuring an overpopulated sustainability world coping with the disintegration of value systems value of disintegration the with coping g leaders

the Nort were: statesmen,

corporations o n

Nobel

the fro h Africa Africa such as such

m together

Middle of

the

th Overcoming Indifference: Ten Key Challenges in Today’s in Ten Key Challenges Indifference: Overcoming , New Press, 1995 Press, York University , New Peace

the

e scholars

participants at the Annual Meeting in Davos, in Davos, Meeting Annual the at participants Economic Summit was held in Amman, Jor in Amman, held was Summit Economic Summi

contributed

European

East the

nearly Prize of His Majesty King Hussein bin Talal. Hussein King Majesty His of

Nigerian

t and chief and and i

n laureate,

2,000 government 2,000 Casablanca

North Union,

to

poet

executive the

Africa,

many Canada

and broad , th

novelist Ben novelist other Europe, e

officers

range and secon

and

leaders

Japan,

the

business d of

of Middl

views views

Amer major ,

Okri

and the 150 e - -

Christo & Jean-Claude OVERCOMING INDIFFERENCE151

1995 1996 “is threatening a very disruptive impact on economic activity and and activity economic on impact disruptive “is avery threatening Thi will Annual the the disrupted that tests the tensions the global It Herald Tribune International in the published that editorial In an Indeed ference …Public needed. urgently policies that help contain the mounting backlash against it are it against backlash mounting the contain help that policies innovative impact, its deploying on goes globalization ja: as “So return return has social stability in many countries.” Concluded Schwab and Smad and Schwab in many countries.” Concluded stability social by globalization, ou of and future benefits theglobal against good debate of and (see box), attention worldwide attracted Klaus cally claims International Herald TribuneInternational columnist

presaged capitalism t s Forum’s Managing

i

need common

propheti 1996 no entered A Mounting Backlash MountingA Backlash THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY President against Globalization n

be

for 1997-199

to corporations, since in the long long in the since to corporations,

, longer Meeting 1996 swirling

tw

provided its

at

all

between to

economic

o effects, the men,”

day ensure too a

c and sense

critical essa

be

of end

8

at the s an

afte

downsizing by the the

satisfied the Pfaff

shareholder

y

that d of especially

robust of today’s predate

the World Trade World the Organization phase.” They phase.” World Economic crisis “Battle in anti-globalization “Battle the ” pro

consequences of consequences free and r

Annual

1999. th any Director,

observed. “This observed. this e

after

Schwab-Smadj

realist’s

that discussions with

opinion capitalism’s

force unfathomable d It

Meeting.

and th that

in generated

over

erupted wrote

and articles e economy.

the

Asia corporate

warned

this observation

the

in

stakeholder industrial

William that

n In Forum, the

return will return social

impact fin today in current emphasis current on fiscal is

of his

term term

extensive a

2008 a “economic of

industrial for pressing is It ancia editoria faith

essay, he exposed essay, nice

markets. rationalization

“a Pfaff

– and

democracies,” that democracies,” of globalization the wealth created created wealth the

mounting in Schwab, Founder Schwab, of –

l has about theabout virtues theory

crisis

capitalism.

about the

how wrote Ministerial Claude l appeared

debate a democracies

globalization

aftermath human

tha the system the

that

the

about automati backlash

t Smadja, Smadja, action.” playe

will nature defies at

“The

face. , Con

th

and the the the

152 do

of d e - - - -

He concluded: c. a. actually a evil theory and d.  d. flourish to time some need ideas Some WELCOM: c. Kirill and Aboulmagd Rosen, b. Wiesel Elie laureate Nobel and Author a. A MOUNTINGBACKLASH AGAINST GLOBALIZATION 153 William H. Gates III, Chairman and CEO of Corporation Microsoft of CEO and Chairman III, Gates H. William Bloomberg; of Founder Bloomberg, Michael pioneers. technology The

suffering “The current wisdom about capitalism, the globalized mar globalized the capitalism, about wisdom current “The

is ty it seems too narrow, defective in its social and political political and social its in narrow, defective too seems it ty But a change unmistakably is on the way.” the on is unmistakably achange But under increasingly severe criticism. As a ‘vision’ of socie nomics and the practical and political demands of society. society. of demands political and practical the and nomics eco theoretical from both come will and unclear is place ketplace and appropriate corporate behaviour is today assumptions, lacking a sense of history. What can take its its take can What history. of asense lacking assumptions, –

or, working

more properly, in today, today, contemporary and

an

how

ideology d. b. society.”

it

has

– worked that

rationalizes

in

the

past.

much

It

is - - -

1996 THE WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM – A PARTNER IN SHAPING HISTORY 154 A MOUNTING BACKLASH AGAINST GLOBALIZATION 155

Change certainly was on the way – and continues to happen, Many were infuriated that Zyuganov was saying one thing in Russia though serious efforts to redesign the global economy and the and another thing in Davos, appearing in the guise of a modern institutions and systems of global governance, a process that the moderate rather than a hard-line Communist. They decided to Forum is helping to move forward, only accelerated since the 2008- take action and to throw their financial weight behind Yeltsin’s 2009 crisis. The prospects for meaningful reform and restructuring campaign. The unwritten collective pledge became known as the are still unclear. ‘Davos Pact’.

On the political front, the Annual Meeting 1996 turned out to be a After their return to Moscow, the so-called oligarchs requested a watershed in Russian history with the so-called Davos Pact. Macha meeting with President Yeltsin to discuss campaign strategies and Levinson, at that time a director of the World Economic Forum, to ask that Anatoly Chubais, who had spearheaded the Davos Pact, remembers the events: manage his campaign. In his memoirs, Yeltsin later confirmed this meeting and quoted the oligarchs as saying, ‘What is going on in “[Boris] Yeltsin had become the first democratically elected your campaign headquarters and in your entourage means almost president of the Russian Federation in 1992, riding a wave certain failure. The situation is forcing some businessmen to make of popularity after his heroic stand against the attempted deals with the Communists or to pack their bags. We don’t have putsch of the old guard Communist conspirators. But four anyone to make a deal with. The Communists will hang us from the years later, the outlook for the president’s re-election was lamp-posts. If we don’t turn this situation around drastically, in a dismal. Weakened by ill health and by reportedly heavy month it will be too late.’3 Yeltsin added: “But what amazed me the drinking, the polls showed his support hovering at around most was that they all agreed that I needed Anatoly Chubais in the 5%. A month before the Davos meeting, the Communist campaign. The Davos Pact turned out to be the decisive element in Party had won a resounding victory in the elections for the the re-election of Boris Yeltsin. Yeltsin officially announced his can-

1996 State Duma [or legislature]. Almost totally eclipsed after didacy on 15 February. Backed by a strong team and the finances of 1996 Russia’s independence the Party had made an extraordi- the oligarchs, he set out to regain the voters and avert the danger nary comeback and now commanded a solid majority in the of a return to Communism. The Davos Pact had brought Russia’s Duma. The polls showed party leader, , controversial business leaders to the forefront of political activity.” at 14-20% of the upcoming presidential vote considerably ahead of his rivals. In July 1996, Boris Yeltsin was re-elected by a wide margin. To an extent, Russia’s political future may have been decided in the Nearly all of the top Russian leaders were present at the Annual corridors of the Annual Meeting 1996 in Davos. Meeting 1996, with Gennady Zyuganov being by far in the limelight. Following tradition, the Forum launched again a number of recon- In the words of [New York Times columnist] Tom Friedman: ‘This year ciliation and peace-building initiatives in Davos this year, including the star – the man everyone wanted to interview – was a Commu- the Peace in the Initiative under the leadership of Richard nist: Gennady Zyuganov, head of Russia’s resurgent Communist Holbrooke, US Assistant Secretary of State for European and Ca- Party.’1 And Fred Kempe of commented: nadian Affairs, and chief architect of the Dayton Peace Accords ‘Russia’s Communist leader moves through the crowds with a bull- in 1995. As New York Times journalist Craig R. Whitney reported, dozer’s power and a prizefighter’s balance.’2 the focus was on urgently attracting investments to bolster the reconstruction effort and secure the peace: In Davos, Zyuganov promised to eradicate corruption and to sub- stantially improve conditions for foreign investment – by all means “The peace accord in Bosnia-Herzegovina could unravel if a most welcome statement from a Communist leader. the United States and other governments do not provide The members of the Russian delegation, and particularly the busi- much more to put its non-military provisions into ness leaders, became deeply concerned about the popularity of place, the key US official involved in negotiating the pact Zyuganov and the likelihood of a victory of the Communist party. warned Tuesday. … Some of the difficulties facing the THE WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM – A PARTNER IN SHAPING HISTORY 156 A MOUNTING BACKLASH AGAINST GLOBALIZATION 157

peacemakers were apparent at the meetings here of the and, for the first time, Central and Eastern Europe. The Central and private World Economic Forum, which was attended by most Eastern European Economic Summit, which was held in Salzburg of the new Bosnian government, led by Prime Minister Hasan for seven consecutive years, played a substantial role in over- Muratovic. High officials from and from Yugoslavia, coming political, economic and psychological barriers between the federation of , also came. All of the two former blocs. The first Salzburg Summit attracted seven them were hoping to attract investment from foreign coun- presidents and six prime ministers from countries that had once tries to help rebuild their economies after the war.”4 been part of the Soviet bloc. Each regional summit evolved into a genuine regional Davos, with The peace process in Northern Ireland was also a concern. A special multistakeholder participation integrating political, business, civil Davos session included on the panel leaders who had never before society and other thought leaders in a common effort to look at the been brought together, including John Hume, Member of the British future of their region. The summits were conducted in the spirit of Parliament and Member of the ; Sir Patrick complete transparency and attracted wide media attention. Mayhew, Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, United Kingdom; In addition to the regional events, the Forum organized again an- Mitchel McLaughlin, National Chairperson of Sinn Féin; Dick Spring, other trip by chartered plane to the Greater Mekong region that Deputy Prime Minister of Ireland; and David Trimble, Leader of the brought participants to Hanoi, Phnom Penh and Yangon. Ulster Unionist Party and Member of the British Parliament. The World Economic Forum moved on to th e information superhigh- Klaus Schwab convened a private reconciliation session for the Irish way with the launch of its Internet website at www.weforum.org. leaders. He will never forget how difficult it was to start the meet- The Forum’s policy of integrating global, regional and industry-re- ing. He had assumed that the participants would be willing to sit lated issues into its strategic concept led to another Industry Sum- at one table but they refused. To resolve the impasse, Schwab had mit in May, hosted by the University of Chicago in conjunction two more tables brought in, arranging all three in a triangle while with Northwestern University and the Chicago Council on Foreign

1996 still trying to maintain some intimacy. After the tables were moved Relations. The highlight of the meeting, which was attended by 1996 around several times, the delegates finally agreed to sit down. 500 leaders from industry, government and research institutions, Once again at Davos, Shimon Peres, now the Prime Minister of was a unique session on the future of the economy conducted by Israel, and Yasser Arafat, President (Rais) of the Palestinian Au- a “Nobel Dream Team” of five distinguished economists. thority, shared the stage in a session, in which both appealed for the greater involvement of the business community in building the basis for a lasting peace in the Middle East. Another Davos highlight was a panel discussion with Michael Bloomberg, President and Founder of Bloomberg; , Chair- man and CEO of Microsoft Corporation; and Lou Dobbs,

Executive Vice-President of CNN Business News, who discussed the new opportunities offered by the digital revolution. During the Annual Meeting, the Forum created a task force to look at the role of religion in reconciliation processes and convened a special meeting between business leaders and government and law enforcement officials to call for tighter international sanctions on bribery. The latter led to the Forum’s Partnering Against Cor- 1 Thomas L. Friedman, “Beware, Traders, We All Have our Zyuganovs”, International Herald Tribune, 8 February 1996 ruption Initiative (PACI), which was launched in 2004. 2 Frederick Kempe, “Communist Zyuganov Bedazzles the West With Fancy By 1996, the Forum had transformed its man ifold country meetings Footwork”, The Wall Street Journal, 5 February 1996 3 Boris Yeltsin, Midnight Diaries, PublicAffairs, 2001 into the following integrated regional summits: Southern Africa, 4 Craig R. Whitney, “Holbrooke Warns Pact Could Fail Without Money to the Middle East and North Africa, East Asia, China, India, Mercosur Rebuild Bosnia”, International Herald Tribune, 7 February 1996 Start Taking the Backlash Against Globalization Seriously last few years technological changes have eliminated more jobs than they have created. International Herald Tribune 1 February 1996 In the famous process of “creative destruction”, only the “destruction” part seems to be operating for the time being. And the services sector is now hit with a vengeance. We has entered a critical phase. A mounting have yet to see new job- activities emerge, as backlash against its effects, especially in the industrial democra- traditional ones are delocalized or streamlined. cies, is threatening a very disruptive impact on economic activity It becomes apparent that the head-on mega-competition and social stability in many countries. that is part and parcel of globalization leads to winner- The mood in these democracies is one of helplessness and anxiety, take-all situations; those who come out on top win big, and which helps explain the rise of a new brand of populist politicians. the losers lose even bigger. The gap between those able This can easily turn into revolt, as December’s unrest in France to ride the wave of globalization, especially because they showed. are knowledge- and communication-oriented, and those left behind is getting wider at the national, corporate, and Four basic elements have to be kept in mind. individual levels. • Popular scepticism about the win-win effect of the global • The lightning speed at which capital moves across borders, economy is compounded by two phenomena. the acceleration of technological changes, the rapid evolu- First, it is becoming harder in the industrial democracies to tion of management and requirements increase ask the public to go through the pains and uncertainties of the pressure for structural and conceptual readjustments to structural adjustment for the sake of benefits yet to come. a breaking point. This is multiplying the human and social Public opinion is on the defensive, increasingly anxious

1996 costs of the globalization process to a level that tests the about the future. The social impact of these pressures is 1996 social fabric of the democracies in an unprecedented way. being felt at the very moment when economic activity has What is striking is our inability, so far, to come up with coher- slowed markedly in most industrial democracies. ent, effective and sustainable approaches not only to help The second phenomenon is that globalization tends to de- people cope with these structural adjustments but also to link the fate of the corporation from the fate of its employ- convince them that change will lead to renewed prosperity. ees. In the past, higher profits meant more job security and • The globalization process is in essence a tremendous re- better wages. The way transnational corporations have to distribution of economic power at the world level, which operate to compete in the global economy means that it will increasingly translate into a redistribution of polit- is now routine to have corporations announce new profit ical power. By the end of this decade we will have fully increases along with a new wave of layoffs. entered the era of strategic economic parity among the Some estimates put at 3 million the number of layoffs since United States, East Asia and Europe. Any change of this the end of the 1980s in the United States, and more are ex- magnitude in the global balance of power is bound to have pected. It is no consolation for a laid-off employee to hear a profound destabilizing effect. analysts explain how the re-engineering of which he is a In the present phase, East Asia is a net beneficiary. Results victim will help his former employer prosper. for Europe look much less certain. The United States has For those who keep their jobs, the new sense of insecurity recovered ground lost in the 1980s but at the cost of an means the demise of corporate loyalty bonds. It is not yet actual decline in real wages. clear that corporations have fully realized the consequences The globalization process challenges some familiar assump- that this will have on their future performance. tions. Until now, for instance, it was conventional wisdom that technological change and increases in productivity would translate into more jobs, higher wages. But in the All this confronts political and economic leaders with the challenge of demonstrating how the new global capitalism can function to the benefit of the majority and not only for corporate managers and investors. Reuters/Leonhard FoegerReuters/Leonhard

But if the key issue today is to make apparent the social returns of © global capitalism, we have to be equipped to reap these returns. This is where the critical question of setting national priorities comes to the fore.

The effort of focusing on training and education, on the constant overhauling of telecommunication and transportation infrastruc- tures, on entrepreneur-incentive fiscal policies, on recalibrating social policies has to be a central part of a national competitiveness policy going beyond the traditional concept of economic policy.

Seven Presidents and four Prime Ministers sit at the opening ceremony of the Meanwhile, the globalized economy must not become synonymous Central and Eastern European Economic Summit in Salzburg with “free market on the rampage”, a brakeless train wreaking havoc. The social responsibilities of corporations (and govern- ments) remain as important as ever. What is on the agenda is the Emerging economies are not only new competitors but are also need to redefine and recalibrate them. already proving to be new markets and new sources of investment, Moral considerations aside, there can be no sustainable growth as shown by recent major Asian investments in Europe. The rev- 1996 1996 without the public at large seeing itself as the major stakeholder olution in the labour market in industrialized democracies, with in the successful functioning of the economy. the recourse to outsourcing, is spurring a new spirit of individual entrepreneurship. But no individual, corporation or country will be The globalization process is not a passing aberration. The revo- able to seize these new opportunities in a social vacuum. lution in information technologies, the emergence of new strate- gic centres of power such as East Asia, the addition of 2.5 billion Public opinion in the industrial democracies will no longer be sat- people to the world market with the opening up and liberalization isfied with articles of faith about the virtues and future benefits of of previously closed societies and economies – all that makes it the global economy. It is pressing for action.5 irreversible. So as globalization goes on deploying its impact, in- novative policies that help contain the mounting backlash against it are urgently needed.

True, some reactions reflect an entitlement culture, an impulse to protect acquired advantages or unthinking protest against change. But it would be dangerous to dismiss them as mere rearguard grumbling.

They can make the globalization process even more painful and more socially costly. And they can affect the new opportunities that the globalized economy offers. 5 Klaus Schwab, Founder and President, and Claude Smadja, Managing Director, World Economic Forum, “Start Taking the Backlash Against Globalization Seriously”, International Herald Tribune, 1 February 1996 1997 A clear commitment A clear The debate over the impact of globalization continued, with the continued, globalization of over impact the debate The Price Itochu; Hewlett-Packard; Express; Worldwide DHL Tohmatsu; Eco World the focus, and To overarching purpose its underscore The Annual Meeting programme under the theme “Building the “Building theme the under programme Meeting Annual The Waterhouse; Sun Microsystems; Swiss Telecom; Swiss Volkswagen. and Microsystems; Sun Waterhouse; ticipants. For example, “update sessions” were organized at the the at organized were sessions” “update example, For ticipants. will have to strike balance anew leaders they wrote. “Business responsibility,” corporate of notion to old the to give meaning new en would This activities. various its for Concept” “Partnership the for a long-term view, even if it sometimes means resisting the resisting view, means along-term for even sometimes it if Discussions at Davos focused on how globalization and the IT rev IT the and globalization how on focused Davos at Discussions PrizeNobel laureates. Forum The sessions. 270 than more included Society” Network ing; A.T. Touche &Hamilton; Deloitte Audi; Allen Kearney; Booz, ing the state of the – world” to launched its The logo. Foundation many of the panels were leading scientists and experts, such as as such experts, and scientists leading were panels the of many par value” for “take-home the to enhance efforts special made priority.” ever than acritical more is equation holder-stakeholder Managing the share pressure gratification. for instant shareholder need the and changes fast anticipating of imperative the between Herald Tribune in International ja the (see box). “Corporations need Smad Claude and Schwab by Klaus editorial another of publication nomic Forum its added mission statement – “committed to improv speed on various global issues and regional developments. On On developments. regional and issues global various on speed way aquick upto to get to give participants Meeting the of start Corporation; Andersen Consulting; Arthur Andersen; Ascom Hold Ascom Andersen; Arthur Consulting; Andersen Corporation; expertise. By 30 June, the Institutional included Partners Amoco critical and knowledge specialized provide could that companies member with certain relationships deeper to forge Forum the able olution are completely reshaping the way corporations, societies 1997 the State of the World Committed to ImprovingCommitted ------

1997 1997 people of to millions familiar names “Davos” into brand world. was a topic of special interest. On the political and economic side, side, economic and political the interest. On ofspecial atopic was vanishing, are thankfully that elite, aminority, “have who aglobal little as regarded he to what “one systems” unique the of two country, success the and city the rec currency, East single European Middle the of the creation the their assessment of “Davos Man”: of assessment their global elite’s the In a leader published in 1997, published In aleader The of Economistoffered editors the the on particularly Internet the of impact the explored sector IT framework under which Hong Kong reverted to Chinese rule. to Chinese reverted Kong Hong which under framework Swiss P. P. Samuel scientist political University Harvard “World “World the in building success its been has (SAR) region administrative People’s the of Republic special new Schwab Klaus meetings. Forum hosted previously had which Kong, towards progress Europe, of the future the on centred key sessions residues loyalty, national for need service sector including financial services. Electronic commerce commerce Electronic services. financial including sector service On 1 July, the United Kingdom handed back to China sovereignty sovereignty to China back handed 1July,On Kingdom United the One of the remarkable achievements of the World the of achievements remarkable the of One of ernment died in 2008, is credited with coining the term “Davos Man” to refer “Davos term Man” the to refer with coining credited is in 2008, died Annual the of hallmark the is that collegiality and oration in the Summit Asia East its handover, the held Forum the after months honour. of two Just aguest as ceremony the attended Hong of centre financial international and colony British the over 21st the of century. economy global in the will play markets emerging that role crucial the and of Russia, restructuring economic the process, onciliation the from leaders top sessions, Invarious function. individuals and of China, tangibly signaling the strong support of its members for for members its of support strong the signaling tangibly China, of

every THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY

“Davos”, city that city year. The year.

and from

civil

the hosts in operations.”

society word particular,

past

the

has whose

unique leaders view national boundaries as obstacles obstacles as boundaries view national

come has

and only

global

come

that to

see encompass useful

takes place

gathering to

national stand function Economic Forum” and

the for

Huntington, who who Huntington, governments

of Economic Forum at

more

business, spirit is to facilitate tois facilitate the around

beginning

than of Meeting.

collab

gov the

the

164 as - - -

shake hands Netanyahu Benjamin Minister Prime and Arafat Yasser President COMMITTED TO IMPROVINGCOMMITTED THESTATE OFTHEWORLD 165

© Reuters/POOL Old

1997 1997 This may look like a fair cop. The Davos crowd are undeniably an an crowd Davos undeniably are The like cop. afair may look This American academic, has put Davos at the centre of an argument argument an of centre the at Davos put has academic, American than 1% of the world’s population shares this culture. Could there there 1%than this Could culture. shares world’s ofthe population they are But capabilities. military and economic ofits bulk the their ownto values reassert – of some which are not just different confidence and power the others give but West, the emulate to may countries many he, says Infact, rights. tentive to individual is world whole war the cold of the with end the that blithely too Economic World the as known afoundation of meeting annual the for resort, ski aSwiss in Davos, congregate world the they run to converge on a single culture like the one on parade in Davos? parade like on culture one the asingle on to converge for basking in the limelight this weekend. Samuel Huntington, an an Huntington, Samuel this weekend. limelight in the basking for It is not every day that 1,000 of the people who run the world gather gather world the run who people the of 1,000 that day every not is It from the West’s but hostile to it. West’s the hostile from but Simon & Schuster). He thinks the countries of the West assume assume West the of &Schuster). countries Simon thinks the He Mr. Huntington, remember, is the author of a strikingly uncomfort Mr. astrikingly of remember, author Huntington, the is English and share beliefs in , market economics and and economics market in individualism, beliefs share and English the of all almost that notes Mr. Huntington example. an is Davos of by atmosphere an marred this event often is Although Forum. Mr. Huntington doesn’t – that they are a different kind of elite. In elite. of kind different a are they that – Mr.doesn’t Huntington unrepresentative elite. But in their defence it must be said – and and – said be must it defence their in But elite. unrepresentative think who people the of 1,000 year roof. every asingle But under particular, Davos Man is not Man. And, arcane arcane And, Man. House Chatham not is Man Davos particular, be of a demonstration the better folly of the expecting whole world some speak numbers, or with words work degrees, university hold there whoflock and officials bankers, businessmen, some may lead way in a western Prosperity all. at modernise not at secular, plural, law-based, – lines western along modernising Order, World of Remaking the and Civilisations of Clash (The book singularly unrepresentative. Outside the West, he reckons, less less West, the reckons, he Outside unrepresentative. singularly defended. be must Man not, or Davos self-important the Davos crowdself-importance, has a excuse better than usual democracy. They control manyworld’s of the and democracy.control They governments, a in elaborated recently and 1992 in propounded first idea, able And, Man. Davos attacked has He future. its and civilisation about How businessmen may accidentally be making the world safer world the making be may accidentally businessmen How In Praise of Davos Man Davos of Praise In 7 February 1997 7 February - - The two armed camps have become umpteen interlinked econo interlinked umpteen have become camps armed two The a than less that is point naturally, serious aparody.This, is The (duly encrypted) reports about “sentiment bazaar”. in the about reports (duly encrypted) was a diplomat. In bed at night he worried about the world’s division world’s the division about worried he night at Inbed adiplomat. was way around. Davos Man, finding it boring to shake the hand of an of hand shake the to boring it finding Man, Davos wayaround. western in embassy an exotic Arab country. He may have sent home All this should cheer up Mr. Huntington, not cast him down. Some upMr. him Some down. cheer cast not Huntington, this should All the old Chatham House world to margin. the world House Chatham old the history’s Union?), Soviet the announced Fukuyama Francis when though it sounds, this difference makes the future of the world world the of future the makes this difference sounds, it though this weekend, the event is paid for by companies, and run in their in their run and by companies, for event the this paid weekend, is the spreading have global economy such squashed pretensions. the beauty of Davos the Man that,beauty by and large, he not does give a fig Islamic or Orthodox. If an idea works or a market arises, he will he arises, market a or works idea an If Orthodox. or Islamic Mr. which and Huntington symbolises, Davos that this is It change for for culture as the Huntingtons of the world defineit. He willattend (remember 1989 since happened has history of a lot it: rather for interests. They do not go to butter up the politicians; it is the other other the is it politicians; the up to butter go not do They interests. into not two his camps, armed next billion. He worked probably at a look a good deal brighter. deal agood look peoples together than to force them apart. them to force than together peoples mulled the strange ways of “abroad”. By training and disposition, ways “abroad”. of strange the disposition, and training mulled By people findDavospeople Man hard to take: there is something uncultured need the nor disappeared, not has mystery. its Diplomacy lost has Wall Street, from things young bazaar, with sleek the mies; teeming War and Cold of the end the Now round. safely go world the made Chatham House Man was a linguist and romantic. By profession he he profession By romantic. and alinguist was Man House Chatham Chatham House is the elegant London home of the Royal Institute Institute Royal the of home London elegant the is House Chatham end. But in most places, and for the present, business is pushing pushing is business present, the for and places, in most But end. of International Affairs, where for nearly 80 years diplomats have diplomats years 80 nearly for where Affairs, International of grab it. Like it or loathe it, that is an approach more likely to bring likely to bring more approach it, an is it. that grab Like loathe or it a or market is (in Mr. Huntington’s scheme) Sinic, Hindu, complex a technique idea, an whether mind not does but recital, a of part is it But managerialism. and money-grubbing the all about to Davos will troop state of heads so or 40 Although overlooks. they thought really kind his and Man House Chatham ago decade obscure prime minister, prefers to meet Microsoft’s Bill Gates. Bill minister, Microsoft’s prime to meet obscure prefers 1 Markets and mandarins “In praise of Davos Man”, The Davos Economist of praise “In , 7 February 1997 , 7February 1 -

1997 1997

1997 1997 This issue has not received as much attention as it should. If the the If should. it as attention much as received not has issue This weakening, a by difficult more even made is issue Tacklingthis more are markets capital in which to asituation leading is This A critical change brought by the emergence of the network society society network ofthe by emergence the brought change A critical tying the hands of policymakers, and fostering a mood that atop that amood fostering and policymakers, of hands the tying investment attract to – outward than rather inward moving flows If this trend is not kept under check by strong, farsighted corporate corporate farsighted by strong, check kept not under is this trend If European business leader calls ‘share-value fetishism’. ‘share-value calls leader Financial business European is the lightning mobility of capital flows around the world. This cre This world. the around flows capital of mobility lightning the is leadership, which balances the short term interests of sharehold of interests term short the balances which leadership, prove serious for social and political stability. political and social for prove serious would implications its unchecked, were to trend continue present costs. the to bear were workers while left nanciers, fi and shareholders to gone have far so changes the of benefits it. for environment conducive most the by providing Correct or not, a perception is already quite widespread that the the that quite widespread already is not, or aperception Correct emergence of the network society concentrates economic power. economic concentrates society network the of emergence the that time same the at power political of even adisintegration, strife. labour and tensions social resentment, exacerbate to company, of the interests bound is long-term with it the ers or forcing events, of course the dictating as perceived more and to keep as so capital on returns high for pressure permanent ates capitalism is today overtaking manufacturing capitalism. manufacturing overtaking today is capitalism Join Forces to Solve the Shareholder-Stakeholder Equation By Klaus Schwab and Claude Smadja International Herald Tribune Herald International 31 1997 January - - - And they have to act and react at a pace for which their structures structures their which for apace at react they have and toAnd act that no single group provide can appropriate answers, or answers such is we facing are challenge political and conceptual ofthe tude attention, investment foreign attract to competition and flows, industrialized most that authority moral and credibility of crisis the favour of the capital markets and financial capitalism. The magni The capitalism. financial and markets capital the of favour Meanwhile, last year’s wave of mega-mergers and acquisitions acquisitions and year’s last Meanwhile, wave mega-mergers of ad in difficulties serious encountering are governments Most is expected to is expected and continue even expand this year. The dominant role that transnational play corporations today in information. privileged – power of instrument classic a recently information multisourced and of toinstantaneous era an justing spending and reduce budget deficits. budget reduce and spending Governments’ margin of manoeuvre is today seriously limited by limited seriously today is manoeuvre of margin Governments’ convergence of efforts by political, business and labour leaders. labour and business by political, efforts of convergence a is urgently we What need groups. to social other acceptable powerthat of there create is a today in a perception shift definite government to cut by pressure the and through, going are countries prepared. not in are many cases decision-making of modes and untilwas of what deprived being are They communication. and 2 Stakeholder Equation”, International Herald Tribune Shareholder- the Solve to “Join Forces Forum, Economic World Director, Managing Smadja, Claude and President, and Founder Schwab, Klaus , 31 January 1997 January , 31 2 - -

1997 1998

© Jack Hardy World Economic Forum headquarters in Geneva The building gave the organization a visible identity, raising its stat its identity, raising avisible gave organization the building The va A transparency, with landscaped available Each part-time 26 colleagues. and full-time 73 to include grown had Forum the Cologny. 1998, of By suburb in the to avilla Geneva. of government the of help the technical sophistication. It features state-of-the-art It features sophistication. technical In Since Hilde with and price areasonable at property the to buy managed Forum integrated and constituents members, partners, its ure among been gradually taken over and transformed into workspace. taken transformed over and gradually been building, building, headquarters negotiations mittent natural resources such as earth and water to buffer thermal en thermal water to buffer and earth as such resources natural structure subtle On about construction had patios and garage the even bathrooms, house, the of corner transferred it people, 1973, in late four with just Geneva, of centre asking accommodate any of type optimally to flexibility partitioning unprecedented offers ergy. It cations technology and an innovative ecological concept using o t f

1970-1971, th s head and

1 1998 New Home

e

November, Schwab

30 the

Annua

elegance the price was too high. After a few years of persistence, the ofpersistence, years afew After high. too was price

discussions

reflecting reflecting square

o was beginning

in f Jura stat

l

its

of

the

to was Meetin and meant

the Mountains,”

magnificent e metres. purchase the Forum’s first

with ethereal spaciousness, functionality and functionality spaciousness, with ethereal

and and responsible settled

organization, organization, ofthe spirit the building on building World Economic World

of with g to government bolstered the Spirit of Davos Davos of Spirit the bolstered government

earlie the

be

After moving briefly to a small office in the the in office small a to briefly moving After

the into what really may be called its home. home. its called may be into really what meeting.”

much 1990s, a

surroundings r she large property owner went nowhere because went owner nowhere

i office on n

the

offices th

more recalls. the

Klaus e

site.

year was

Forum

Forum

a

and “The Schwab clubhouse ,

“The a overlooking Lake overlooking th garage-like

e side large in

inaugurated three-level activ

building Cologny

its and openness for had

glass e

than managing collaborators. participatio

entered

pavilion windows, windows, combines communi

but

an office an office terraced

its

Gene inter

new

into

the the

of n - - - - -

1998 1998 “There are many large problems that confront us as aworld,” as us Clin confront that problems many large are “There Attracting the most interest among participants in the Annual Annual in the participants among interest most the Attracting Congress Congress to apacked ton remarked the to forum United States, made a forceful call to the business community to community to business the call aforceful made States, United Meeting 1998 in Davos awas person in 1998 Davos Meeting Pittsburgh Europe’s Europe’s in Bonn. Participation was restricted to finance ministers and its its and ministers finance to restricted was Participation Bonn. in it we have than today ever interdependent not, we or it more are to DC, in Washington summit a G20 hosted US the when in 2008 help development. agood is interdependence that Ibelieve been. we like Whether alone. these addressing powerful, how matter ment happened finally This summit. global true a become to meeting 1998 in later time first the for held was G20, the as known became brought meet its social responsibilities. In her speech, she eloquently and and eloquently she speech, Inher responsibilities. social its meet in the role prominent scope limited scope to finance. global succinctly expressed the multistakeholder of the philosophy the multistakeholder expressed succinctly business One of the ideas discussed during IGWEL was to set up a body that that upabody to was IGWEL set during discussed ideas ofthe One Germany’s societies.” address the impact of the global economic crisis. InSeptember crisis. economic global the of impact the address markets.emerging affecting then crisis financial the of aspects global resolving of into process the countries developing degradation or security threats, and we can also we can and threats, security or degradation cause anyof corporation, among ones. developing half other the and concern. of and ensured the meaningful interaction between political between interaction meaningful the ensured and

should

World Economic World discuss

following THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY

build or for

through it we can meet mutual challenges of environmental environmental of challenges mutual meet we it can through

others, corporate together together

future, while Latin American and African leaders played a a played leaders African and American while Latin future, coordinating be

Participants figures

up

that decided Chancellor Helmut Kohl delivered a strong message on on message astrong delivered Kohl Helmut Chancellor reforms

respected

strong, year,

proposed 20 countries 20 – countries half of them economies developed

title. Hillary title. –

world

of a any any or large, how matter no Leaders

functioning

hallmark discussions. During discussions. the global

by emphasized the need to integrate major to major integrate need the emphasized the

leaders

in

governments global

G20 several

Rodham Clinton, Rodham economic (IGWEL),

In of

would

subsequent financial

markets, meeting all

speeches Hall. “It is impossible to think “It impossible Hall. is

Just such a meeting of what what of ameeting such Just the

without

institutional replace

policy. and activities of

the in system governments

businesses

the years,

the any Informal

to the

work American government, no no government, elevate

First

official were G8

mechanisms Klaus

as together

the Lady of the the of Lady

Gathering

the alike.

the Schwab, Schwab, and the

govern Forum.

Forum. city

main main

G20 civil And and

Be 174

to of - - -

Th and medicine science, culture, and arts in the true held same The The sessions on new trends in business and management issues, issues, management and in business trends new on sessions The After agenda. the of part integral were an which all technology, tegrate finance, food & beverage, healthcare, infrastructure, services, services, infrastructure, healthcare, beverage, & food finance, “Yes, the presidency “Yes, herself: support and toelect US the for century next the of beginning the media & communication, mining & metals, pulp & paper, pulp retail & mining & metals, & communication, media pects Clinton, who a decade later would unsuccessfully campaign for for campaign unsuccessfully would later adecade who Clinton, consumer , transport services, and travel &tourism. and services, transport goods, consumer entertainment, energy, & construction, engineering chemicals, ductin discussions at time is think it you Don’t says, it and audience, the from came a strong, brilliant woman for the job of the president?” Replied Replied president?” the of job the for woman brilliant a strong, cluded developments IT of impact the on well as as e Foru the Turkey Meeting Turkey Meeting the in participants with discussion in Istanbul, of Mayor Erdogan, Tayyip Recep NEW HOME175

engaging

and g

the the Governor m

practices,

strengthene session: latest

in

Davos

in

s

thinking a Meeting

lengthy

“I

once for

would d

business it

in again s s

dialogue

these domains into their strategies. into strategies. their domains these industry-relate to voting for forward Ilook and

in in take on one other question which question other take one on 16 different sectors: automotive, automotive, sectors: 16 different

enhanced

and

with

helped

Clinton,

the on

d

participants

activitie

commercial relevance

Schwab s b

y of

to

pros her!” con con

the the

in - - - -

1998 1998 The Russia Meeting in Moscow allowed participants to make a participants allowed in Moscow Meeting Russia The The vening Web-based technologies. WELCOM is a good example of a stra a of example good a is WELCOM technologies. Web-based who At the time, conducting meetings this way was highly innovative. this way highly was meetings At time, the conducting A special surprise carefully engineered by the Forum at the South the at by Forum the engineered carefully surprise A special three co-chairs specified seven key priorities for immediate action. immediate for priorities key seven specified co-chairs three offirst-hand theassessment ofimpact and the political economic which but early too perhaps launched Forum the that vision tegic tling tling the Eventually, the technical challenges of multi-point videoconferenc multi-point of Eventually, challenges technical the improve Meanwhile successfully. it implementing finally until again and again retried and revisited it the abandoned Forum Economic World the and insurmountable (ISDN) became Network Digital Services Integrated an through ing in project, only to relaunch it successfully about a decade later with later adecade about successfully it to relaunch only project, ment, Prime Minister Yevgeny Primakov directly addressed some some Yevgeny Minister ment, Prime addressed directly Primakov policy-makers Summit nomic regiona sustainable Global ern Africa Economic Summit in Windhoek, Namibia, was the star the was Namibia, in Windhoek, Summit Economic Africa ern the participants, the of behalf On investors. of key the of concerns state Inhis opening in August. moratorium debt and devaluation currency drastic the following country the shaken had that crisis drawn

emerging

so-called Asian Forum

THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY called and unforgettable appearance of pop star Michael Jackson, Michael star ofpop appearance unforgettable and • • • • •

Growth and Growth up five l activities the Twenty-Four Hours after the German Elections: The Impact Impact The Elections: German the after Hours Twenty-Four The Implications of the Asian Crisis in our Global Governance Governance Global our in Crisis Asian the of Implications The Innovative Leaders in Globalization System Update on Current Volatility in the Global Financial Markets Financial Global the in Volatility Current on Update Currency, Market in and Issues Economic Russia on the EU and the Euro the and EU the on

by

restarted year: the during issues specific on meetings virtual for

growth lives markets some

investments in and Singapore focused of children. of

, participants Reform

wit

attracted and financial

the its h

global global th WELCOM

chief

of e

Asia that

, the crisis, th

international media

competitiveness. issues

for e World Financial World

bring n F

videoconferencing financia a

o

had coordinated ru

on

of

economic m

defining defining

a interest. continue

significant l crisis and

System, a System, The East The The global

Asia’s development

attention. d to

impact Action

system, the develop

response way

Asia blueprint volatility

back Plan among

con Eco and

176 it for

to to s ------

Commission of the People’s Republic of China of Republic People’s the of Commission Economic State the of Director Former Baohua, Yuan and Schwab Klaus NEW HOME177

1998 1998 the Annual Meeting: Annual the at Clinton’s address Rodham Hillary Lady First US from Excerpts and government ontheother–we about – theeconomy ontheonehand But ifthat’s allwe were to speak free market. they shouldinconnectionwithavital play role thekindofpartnership that the publicgoodto theircitizenryor neither deliver goodsandservicesfor the otherhand, soweak thatthey can too strong andauthoritarian, noron ments thatare neitheroppressive, nor competent governments. Govern- that we needeffective, functioning, recognized aswe endthiscentury, At thesametime, Ihopewe have also is derived from afreemarket. ment, income, wealth andinvestment greatest capacityto create employ- That we nowunderstand thatthe ments, perhaps, ofthispastcentury. That isoneofthemajoraccomplish- market, have finallybeenput to rest. our economy alongthelines ofafree about theeffectiveness of organizing as we endthiscentury, any doubt of thefreemarket. AndIbelieve that importance ofandthesignificance globe, onetalks agreatdeal aboutthe ness, ofanationstate, orofourentire whether itistheeconomy of abusi- when onethinksabouttheeconomy, pay even closerattention to. Certainly It issomethingthatIthinkwe needto of lifehappento be. economic, politicalandsocialspheres awareness ofhowinterdependent the struck methatthereisavery strong about andto heardirectly, ithas that Ihave beenprivilegedto hear because certainlyinthediscussions Economic, PoliticalandSocialForum, to referto thisgatheringastheWorld think itisprobably moreappropriate and seensomeofthesessions, I After having looked attheprogramme, Hillary RodhamHillary Clinton on Nurturing Civil Society These areallvery important conver- a newBretton Woods. atmosphere alongthelinesperhaps of to create moreofaglobal regulator suggestions asto whatcouldbedone countries around theworld, even and theregulationofmarkets inmany assistance forbankingsupervision crisis, howto better provide technical help managecrisessuchastheAsian here aboutwhatneedsto bedoneto a greatdealofusefulconversation by theother. Iknowtherehasbeen those spheresofinfluenceisaffected recognize theways inwhicheachof more thanthat, Ithinkwe needto government andthecivilsociety. And connection amongtheeconomy, the need to seetheinterdependence and on two legsof thestool. Ratherwe are alsonotstable ifwe restmerely strong agovernment mightbe. We economy mightbe, nomatter how on oneleg, nomatter howstrong the stool. We arenotstable ifwe areonly of it, ifyou will, asathree-legged and thecivilsocietyallflourish. Think in whichtheeconomy, governments hard abouthowwe create conditions perspective orexperience, to think it behoves allofus, nomatter whatour century andthebeginningofnext, I thinkaswe lookattheendofthis culture thatmake ourspirits soar. we areamember. and Itistheart is thevoluntary associationofwhich belief andspiritualitythatguideus. It of life. Itisthefamily, itisthereligious makes lifeworthliving. Itisthestuff and thegovernment thatiswhat because between themarketplace this newcentury, thatiscivil society, turn ourattention to aswe move into important aspects ofwhatwe should would beleaving outoneofthemost the sametimethat they provide the fortheeconomykind ofsupport at for governments today to provide the ate theinstruments that areneeded against corruption? Howdothey cre- more transparent?Howdothey stand can flourish?Howdothey become environments inwhichbusinesses the energies oftheirpeopleto provide can they doabetter jobto unleash coming outofthisconference. How much forgovernments alsoto ponder stifles entrepreneurship. Sothereis competition to flourishandthatwhich between regulation thatpermits real nificant itis to findtherightbalance and regionsglobally, andhowsig- with theeconomiesoftheircountries portant itisforgovernments to work today. We have alsoheardhowim- posed by thestate oftheeconomy very importantproblems thatare born, sothatwe canaddressthese and perhapssomethatareyet to be through thevarious entitiesthatexist, will certainlyfollowuponthem and politicalleadersgatheredhere sations. AndIhopethattheeconomic Hilary RodhamHilary Clinton and Klaus Schwab tutions? Whyshould you carewhether these civilsociety functionsandinsti- being madetothere isaneffort create countries inwhichyou dobusiness you, to worry aboutwhether inthe business leaders, suchasmany of society? Whyisitintheinterest of And sohowdowethiscivil nurture succeed oneanotherpeacefully. for governments to bestable and and continue, a senseofcitizenship the work ethic forcapitalism to thrive there mustbecreated withinsociety, economic interests understand that several years, asgovernments and seen many changeswithinthelast stool, thecivil society, andIhave have focusedonthisthirdlegofthe third legofthestool. Inmy travels I But whatIwant to addressisthis our governments dolikewise. they shoulddo, andto make surethat make surethatourmarkets dowhat speak abouthowwe candomoreto many ofwhomhave addressed you, to environment? Iwillleave itto others, able to thrive inthisneweconomic ofcapacityfortheirpeopletosort be

1998 1998 And we have learned alotaboutwhat with humanbeingsaswe findthem. is noperfectsociety. We have to work dreams ofpoliticalleaders. Andthere no perfectgovernment except inthe stract theoriesofeconomists. Thereis is noperfectmarket except intheab- any perfecthumaninstitution. There reminding ustonight thatthereisn’t I would justend theseremarksby governments andcivilsocieties. build upstrong, functioningmarkets, we canalsowork together to help degradation orsecuritythreats, and mutual challengesofenvironmental Because through itwe canmeet governments andbusinessesalike. ment. Anditshouldberespected by interdependence isagood develop- than we have ever been. Ibelieve that we aremoreinterdependent today these alone. Whetherwe like itornot, no matter howpowerful, addressing matter howlarge, orany government, sible to thinkofany corporation, no confront usasaworld. Itis impos- There aremany large problems that appropriate roles… governments thatunderstand their mean by afreemarket, andto have medium andlongterm ofwhatwe you dobusinesssupportive over the conditions inthecountrieswhich long term interests to doso:to have I would argue againthatitisinyour lessons aboutdemocracy ornot?Well, or notchildrenarebeingtaught basic vote? Whyshouldyou worry whether go to school, orhave healthcare, or women aregiven to theopportunity 1 Economic Forum, Davos, 2 February 1998 1998 2February Davos, Forum, Economic World the of Meeting Annual the to Address Clinton, Rodham Hillary very much. plan theirownfutures. Thankyou forums around theworld wherethey well, to take theirrightfulplacesin upon whetherwe empower themas governmentally, willultimately depend term success, eithereconomicallyor and thatwe understand thatourlong- without avoice, often withoutavote, and childrenwhoareeffectively remember thebillionsofmen, women I’ll onlyaskthatincalculus, we stability andsustained growth. that mustbetaken inorderto ensure around theworld aboutthesteps growing amongthedecision makers believe thatthereisanewawareness tal action, thereisevery reasonto to affecteconomicandgovernmen- conference, from peopleinaposition that I’ve heardcomingout of this but Ithinkbasedontheconversations optimistic thanconditionswarrant, wrong. Iwouldn’t want to be more ers andthepessimists willbeproven ly together, thenIthinkthedoomsay- can lookforways to work cooperative - that affectallofourlives, and ifwe power amongthesethreespheres we cankeep inmindthebalanceof But aswe gointo the21stcentury, if learning curve. That may ofthe beanecessarypart tal leadershipwillpay asteep price. markets andpoliticalgovernmen- learned abouteffective functioning who ignorethelessonsthatwe have economy willcertainly bethatthose works. Andthelessonofglobal 1

President Jerry Rawlings of and UN Secretary General Kofi General Secretary UN and Ghana of Rawlings Jerry President China of Republic People’s the on Vice-Premier Lanqing, Li

1998 1999 President Nelson Mandela of South Africa South of Mandela Nelson President “a leadership initiative endorsed by“a initiativechief executives”endorsed leadership that serves The were Also at the Annual Meeting, South African President Nelson Mande Nelson President African South Meeting, Annual the at Also the areas of human rights, labour standards, the environment and and environment the standards, labour rights, human of areas the It fondly known among his people: World World the of director amanaging then Sicre, issued again to highlight into effort an integrated be 1999 could ing la returned to Davos to to bid Davos returned la remembers the emotional appearance of Madiba, as Mandela is Mandela as Madiba, of appearance emotional the remembers parency social apractical and “aas platform policy anti-corruption. and practices environmental standards, labour rights, human on and non-business participants in over 135 countries. participants non-business and launch init 2000, official has attracted its Since Compact. Global the of bedrock the are anti-corruption innovation.” for a space Ten are

is

committed The UN Global Compact United 1999 a

in voluntary

responsibility

a

discussions “Sitting in the speakers’ room next to the plenary hall, plenary the to next room speakers’ the in “Sitting

thank you to the Davos community as President of South South of President as community Davos the to you thank which was overfull, Nelson Mandela was a few minutes minutes afew was Mandela Nelson overfull, was which Africa. Global broadcasters werecameras;theiradjusting broadcasters Global Africa. A few of us were in the speakers’ room waiting for the green green the for waiting room speakers’ the in were us of A few light to ask Madiba onto the stage. A few minutes were minutes Afew stage. the onto Madiba ask to light participants were cramped in their seats waiting to salute salute to waiting seats their in cramped were participants a living legend; standing room was no longer available. and goodbye say to stage the onto up walking away from and call

Nations to complement regulation and to provide to provide and regulation to complement disclosure, for

to initiative that initiative

a “Global Compact of shared values and principles” principles” and values of shared Compact a “Global 1

sustainability This was the genesis of the UN Global Compact, Compact, Global UN the of genesis the was This

Secretary-General

of about how the participants in the Annual Meet Annual in the participants the how about

business farewell before leaving office. Frédéric Frédéric office. leaving before farewell

relies universally universally

and

leaders.

responsible on framework

Kofi

public

more more At

Annan

accepted the accountability, trans accountability, than 7,000than business

meeting,

business business for

Economic Forum, and

companies

Klaus principles in principles

Kofi practices.

Schwab

Annan

that the - - -

1999 1999 THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY The door to the stage opened, a voice said ‘time’, Madiba ‘time’, Madiba said avoice opened, stage the to door The yard, Nelson Mandela’s eyesight had been severely affected affected severely been had eyesight Mandela’s Nelson yard, What followed was unbelievable: this man was literally literally was man this unbelievable: was followed What to tell the truth. He expressed his disappointment to the the to disappointment his expressed He truth. the tell to of each to a question ask to time the deliver,to found he – yet media and wires the through community global the thunderous applause – I didn’t know if I had been in the the in been I had if know –Ididn’t applause thunderous to door the out walked and up got aman of giant The ton. work for the week to come and his timetable to achieve it. achieve to timetable his and come to week the for work home his with home, back once grandfather his with meet to days two in ready be to asummons given was away, miles of notwith and thousands many them with Jakes Cabinet de Chef then gave his to turn, in he, which

ing the ultimate of education and importance learning was He much. so loved he grandkids his of youth the to in my use could he if me asked Mandela Nelson and go to left minutes away from walking onto a stage to address the address to astage onto walking away from minutes presence of a legend, an angel or both!” or angel an alegend, of presence but hang-up the Ipressed and me, to my phone returned – serious quite very concerned, stern very he became his or her homework. Nelson Mandela’s smile disappeared, homework.their of subject the aboutgrandchildren his sitting we were room speakers’ the away from far ported had done their homework that day! He spoke to each for my of eyes, front in home, his call to time the found he as well as world the in gathering business powerful most court Island’s Robben of sun scorching the in years many you here, stay please ‘No, said: Madiba privacy, which to my gave phone him and yes Isaid course, Of phone. mobile standing the immensely important speech he was about about was he speech important immensely the standing One grandchild, from what I could gather, had not done them give to door the towards amovement Imade Gerwel. and knowledge. The young interlocutor on the other side establish strong, yet calm voice, apatriarchal with child trans obviously beaming, smile his seconds, 30 about they sure make to grandchildren his of five to spoke and number. home his my phone on dial to Gerwel asked he and so With again. down room.’ have Isat the leave to don’t

184 ------

They decided to launch a number of initiatives and task forces on on forces task and initiatives of anumber to launch decided They The Among the the form European leaders to assess and define the success factors for a for factors success the define and assess to leaders European Gore Al Germany,of Vice-President Herzog and Roman President Minister Besides issues relating to key challenges for the 21st the century, for to key relating challenges issues latter Wake Europe. Wake stable and prosperous Thishad identified. was acontinuationof with launched aprocess playing benefit the companies’ bottom line. The Technology to Alleviate Alleviate to The line. Technology bottom companies’ the benefit The programme. of cooperation business the and indicators mance project stability continent. the of future the in about Europe debate orous of Mubarak Hosni President Brown, Gordon Exchequer the of cellor of the United the of

Egypt,

Wake Wake community Brasilian author Paulo Award Coelho, Crystal recipient THE UNGLOBAL COMPACT 185

to

aimed

an the deliver to

and Mandela, Lee

Up Europe initiative brought forward by a group of young young of by agroup forward initiative brought Europe Up

Israeli increasingly establish

initiatives

to public-private sector collaboration that in turn could could in turn that collaboration sector public-private Kuan States.

special promote

of

statesman Primakov, Yevgeny Minister Prime Russian Primakov, Yew,

other Global

criteria

organized

active role in Forum activities, met in Davos. met activities, in Forum role active messages were the United Kingdom Chan Kingdom were United the messages

political the

Leaders

role for measuring environmental perfor environmental measuring for Shimon

in leaders of

for

Davos business Peres, Singaporean Peres, Tomorrow, which Up Europe had stirred avig stirred had Europe Up

who

were

in used

the fostering

the launching

which they they which Davos

had

political

Senior

been

plat of

a - - - -

© Reuters/Remy Steinegger

1999 1999 12 which he had a cherished friendship (see box). friendship death, his acherished had After he which region each lessons the integrated that building peace for work A group of young leaders from South Africa, the Balkans, the Middle Middle the Balkans, the Africa, South from leaders young of A group the in the interest taken aspecial frame aconceptual Transitionthe Initiative, developing to Peace to In Davos, the violinist and conductor, Yehudi and violinist the hadIn Davos, Menuhin, Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2001, later acknowledged on several several on acknowledged later in 2001, Herzegovina and Bosnia political achieved had that regions – Ireland Northern and East help could technology to how highlight sought project Poverty Menuhin was also possessed by infinity, possessed also was Menuhin his in this A participant efforts. reconciliation their from learned had in the breakthroughs transition to from –conflict peace launched struck thoughts on a pop artist named Menuhin.” named the Ending artist apop on thoughts struck into World the dimension cultural strong eulogy, wrote: Lord he that to listening anyone “It clear was Meeting, al to achieve peace. country his in helping been this initiative had important how occasions ofminister prime become would who group, Zlatko Lagumdzija, problems. social their address countries developing a Davos participant spontaneously sent to the Forum his “star- his to Forum the sent spontaneously participant a Davos

March Klaus

music 1 THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY United Nations Global Compact, October 2009 2009 October Compact, Global Nations United Schwab and Schwab

1999, knew he

passed

no barely

boundaries, supporter of the integration ofa integration ofthe supporter active

away. Lord away. a

month Transition

that after

Menuhin

he

participating

had

Economic Forum, with Forum, Economic to that his that

Peace Initiative. Peace made

had

been

his thoughts

in

life

the

a

mentor an

Annu

and art.”

On 186 - -

Local musicians at the traditional farewell buffet THE UNGLOBAL COMPACT 187

1999 1999 1999 1998 1989 1997 1991 1995 1994 Economic Forum Yehudi Menuhin and the World

 Lord Menuhin has an active role in two sessions and, to and, sessions two in role active an has Menuhin Lord At the last Annual Meeting, Lord Menuhin conducts the Char Sir Yehudi conducts the featuring traditional Concert, Charity session, sharing his vision of moving from an exploitative world opening the in message a stirring delivers YehudiSir Menuhin in a business world”. abusiness in art “Pop entitled asession in participates also He Varsovia. Sinfonia the and Vadim Repin violinist featuring Concert, ity ers. and Sen Indian other prominent economist Amartya speak with “A on challenge” apanel moral shares and attitudes”, responsibilities,” he argues. the stronger the and rights the possess must weaker “The children’s rights: for respect new urging session closing the in participates Sweden, of Silvia Queen HM with gether Award. Crystal Forum’s the of recipient first the is Menuhin Lord liament of cultures” in with parallel parliaments of states. a“par of creation the for calls he session, est”. another In inter public the in “Commitment on speaks Menuhin Lord Academy, Gstaad. Music Menuhin Lysy International the of Camerata by the performed is which Concert, Charity the for Virtuosi. Moscow the and Spivakov Vladimir violinist performance. solo masterful ashort with concludes He culture. and beauty protect and we value which in aworld to Lord Menuhin addresses the issue of “Relationships and and “Relationships of issue the addresses Menuhin Lord Lord Menuhin, on a concert tour, sends a special message message aspecial tour, sends aconcert on Menuhin, Lord - - - - -

1999 2000 President addresses Congress Hall The 30th Annual Meeting at the turn of the millennium was spe was millennium ofthe turn the at Meeting Annual 30th The where he was joined by British Prime Minister Tony Minister Prime by British Blair. joined was he where was It first time,president, aAmerican Bill sitting Clinton, came to Davos, For his part, Blair spoke about a new kind of politics: of kind a new about spoke Blair part, his For He went on:He indication of the importance of the World Economic Forum.” Economic Inthe World ofthe importance ofthe indication no one home in Washington to things,”of take in Washington care joked. Clinton home one no the For leaders. business and political of participation high-calibre Clinton himself who from the lectern on the Congress Hall stage stage Hall Congress the on lectern the from who himself Clinton delegation from the US were five cabinet officials, a large number of “There’s society. civil and business number from leaders and large congressmen, a officials, cabinet five were US the from delegation “an it calling were room, in the leaders world many so that observed unprecedented the was them among Chief many reasons. for cial The 30th Anniversary 30th The 2000 “We have the chance in this century to achieve an open open an achieve to century this in chance have“We the now. years 30 for it at been has Forum Economic World “The The thing that I have appreciated most about your deliber your about most Ihave appreciated that thing The you the spotted networking before the of Internet society We can do it – not by going back to the past, but by going by going but past, the to back by going – not it do We can together into the future.” the into together world, an open economy, and an open global society with with society global open an economy, and open an world, my wife, and Gore Vice-President infancy. Both its of out was Hillary, have spoken here; and I am glad, even though I am Iam even though glad, Iam and here; have spoken Hillary, unprecedented opportunities for people and business. But late, to finally get in on the act. We have got a chance to chance a got have We act. the on in get finally to late, must be blended with the other legitimate human concerns. concerns. human legitimate other the with blended be must that of centre the at is Growth hatred. tribal and religious horrors of bio and chemical terrorism and from ancient racial, modern the away walks from that world a21st century build chance. It gives people hope every day. But the economics day. economics every the But hope people gives It chance. example, For future. the on focus consistent your is ations 1

- -

2000 THE WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM – A PARTNER IN SHAPING HISTORY 192 THE 30TH ANNIVERSARY 193

face the question of what kind of globalization is appro- priate. For the process only has the life we give it, or more precisely the life we choose to give to free markets and the communications revolution, since it is the convergence of Reuters/Remy Steinegger Reuters/Remy

these which drives the globalizing process. Globalization © without ethical and moral values will produce deeper polari- zation in the world, as the strong and weak grow ever further apart. Without an ethic of millions of human be- ings will be increasingly excluded from the knowledge and skills which they need if they are to benefit from develop- ment and progress. In some societies there are already signs that the process will lead to that marriage of material wealth and spiritual poverty which wreaks havoc in human lives. But globalization which recognizes that human beings are

US Secretary of State ‘the source, the center and the purpose of all economic and social life’ (Gaudium et Spes, 63) will serve what your motto calls ‘the global public interest’, the integral development we will succeed only if that and economy is of individuals and the common good of the human fami- underpinned by a strong ethos of mutual responsibility – by ly. Trusting that the World Economic Forum will effectively social inclusion within nations, and by a common commit- promote the globalization of solidarity and will therefore ment internationally to help those affected by genocide, be a bright beacon of hope as we move into the future, I

2000 debt, environment. I call it a . It provides a new invoke upon everyone assembled at Davos the divine gifts 2000 alternative in politics – on the centre and centre-left, but on of wisdom and strength as you seek those genuinely new new terms. Supporting wealth creation. Tackling vested in- beginnings which will truly make a positive difference.”3 terests. Using market mechanisms. But always staying true to clear values – social justice, democracy, cooperation.”2 At this Annual Meeting, the level of civil society participation also reached a new height. The Forum had very evidently moved from Pope John Paul II, who just weeks later would make a historic pil- a convener of business and government leaders to a platform in- grimage to Jerusalem followed by a visit to Egypt, sent a special tegrating all key stakeholders of global society. Practically all the message to Davos. With the nature of globalization and its pros major global NGOs were represented in Davos by their top figures. and cons still at the forefront of discussions, the pontiff ’s words As a result, an ongoing informal dialogue emerged to foster better provided an essential perspective and made note of the Forum’s understanding and cooperation among global companies and some motto – entrepreneurship in the global public interest: of the most influential civil society groups. This year, the Forum also reinforced its role as a partner of govern- “With a deep sense of shared interest, I greet the many eco- ments in supporting global policy action. The Digital Divide Initia- nomic and financial leaders gathered in Davos for the 30th tive was created by the CEOs (Forum Governors) of approximately Annual Meeting of the World Economic Forum, and I assure 100 leading companies in the ICT (information and communica- you all of my prayers for the success of your deliberations. tions technology) field. Klaus Schwab and CEOs participating in The Forum brings together important decision-makers at the initiative submitted proposals to Prime Minister Yoshiro Mori what is a decisive time, as your theme ‘New Beginnings: of Japan for integrating the issue of the digital divide between Making a Difference’ recognizes. At the dawn of the third developed and developing economies into the agenda of the G8 millennium, ‘globalization’ is a word which serves to focus Kyushu-Okinawa Summit. Among the ideas were the formation of much of the newness now emerging, and leaders especially a volunteer Global Digital Opportunity Corps similar to the Peace THE WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM – A PARTNER IN SHAPING HISTORY 194 THE 30TH ANNIVERSARY 195

Corps, the setting up of local technology community centres, and the creation of “e-chambers of commerce” to support technolo- gy-related businesses.4

Environmental concerns again loomed large at Davos. For the first time, the Annual Meeting was carbon neutral. Consistent with the principle of practising what you preach, the Forum commissioned Green Globe 21, the worldwide benchmarking and certification programme for the travel and tourism industry, to plant trees in Mexico to compensate for the emitted greenhouse gases relating

to the Annual Meeting. Another major project launched at Davos The Social Entrepreneurs Community at the Forum’s headquarters was the publishing of an environmental sustainability index that measured ecological responsibility in over 100 countries. The Governors of the travel and tourism industry issued the Davos After 30 years, Davos had become a reference point. The name Declaration on Travel and Tourism: Global Prosperity through Sus- alone evoked the collegial, civil and collaborative spirit of the tainable Travel and Tourism Development, which committed the Annual Meeting and all the Forum’s other activities. As a result, industry to the basic principles of social, economic and ecologi- many institutions and organizations tried to benchmark themselves cal sustainability. In April, Marilyn Carlson Nelson, National Chair, against the Forum and against Davos. Some have even sought to and William S. Norman, President and CEO of the Travel Industry emulate the Forum, present themselves as alternatives, or even to Association of America (TIA), wrote to Schwab informing him that hijack the brand power of Davos. Fundamental misunderstanding the of the TIA endorsed the objectives of the of the Forum and its ethos has on occasion led to attacks on the

2000 Davos Declaration on Travel and Tourism.5 organization by those who allege that it is some kind of suprana- 2000 tional global government that seeks to impose the will of the elites The Annual Meeting 2000 was also the occasion when the Glob- or a single world view. Following the disruptive protests at the al Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI) was born. GAVI Ministerial Conference in Seattle at the today serves as a vital coordinator of the global network of gov- end of November 1999, the World Economic Forum also became ernments, international financial institutions and development the target of increased demonstrations requiring a reinforcement organizations, philanthropic organizations and private sector ac- of security measures at Davos two months later. tors in the effort to maintain the world’s commitment to vaccines and immunization, which are essential to global public health and As an organization devoted to dialogue, the Forum has always been development, especially for children. Among the early supporters in favour of protecting the laws that guarantee free assembly and of GAVI was Microsoft founder Bill Gates, who was a regular Davos free speech. Despite the widely covered street demonstrations at participant from 1996. In 2000, among the many grants made by Annual Meetings over the years, the only damage, not counting & Melinda Gates Foundation was a donation to GAVI of US$ some easily erased graffiti, has been a smashed window at one of 750 million that was to be given over five years. the local fast-food shops.

Recognizing the importance of small companies that create im- In 2000, however, the demonstrations against the Forum reached pact through technological innovation on the business model of a critical point at the Asia PacificEconomic Summit in , whole industries, the Forum created the community of Technology Australia. This was the only Forum event when participation in a Pioneers and launched a programme for the first members named meeting was directly affected. Some 200 participants were strand- to the group. Since then, in a rigorous selection process in coop- ed at their hotels unable to reach the meeting venue, despite the eration with its strategic partners, the Forum has nominated 20 use of helicopters to ferry five or six at a time to the rooftop. to 40 Technology Pioneers every year. THE WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM – A PARTNER IN SHAPING HISTORY 196 THE 30TH ANNIVERSARY 197

Selected Social Entrepreneurs of the Year who joined the network of 160 outstanding social entrepreneurs of the Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship

a. b. c. d. e.

a. Andre Cavalcanti de Albuquerque – Terra Nova – Brazil c & d. Mitchell Besser and Gene Falk – mothers2mothers – 12.4 million Brazilians are living in 3.2 million informal dwellings South Africa without access to public services such as water, electricity and Mothers2mothers provides education, mentoring and support to waste collection. In São Paulo alone, more than half of the favelas HIV-positive pregnant women and new mothers. It focuses on are illegally located on public land. Terra Nova acts as an inter- preventing transmission of HIV from mother to child and teaching mediary between the legal land owners and the land occupiers to women to improve their health, the likelihood of their find a win-win solution for both sides. Terra Nova was founded to survival and the health of their babies. Its Mentor Mothers pro- resolve, in an amicable fashion, various conflicts that had dragged gramme hires and trains new mothers living with HIV to inspire, on in the courts for years. The land regularization process brings a mentor and counsel pregnant women diagnosed with HIV. In only final resolution to the conflict between landowners and occupants. seven years, it has become a multinational organization operating The property rights are transferred to the occupants after payment in 500 locations in seven countries, serving more than 150,000

2000 of an indemnity. The original property owner typically accepts the women every month. 2000 deal, even if depreciated, to avoid long court cases that drag on through the judicial system and hardly ever guarantee the return e. Timothy Ma – Senior Citizen Home Safety Association – of the property. People’s Republic of China As family values and demographics are shifting, a rapidly rising b. Naif Al Mutawa – Teshkeel Media Group – Kuwait number of older citizens are living on their own. Senior Citizen Teshkeel Media Group is focused on creating new children’s ad- Home Safety Association runs a 24-hour call service in Hong Kong. ventures through its superheroes “The 99”. Drawing upon global Subscribers can press a trigger that connects them to different history, culture and traditions, its aim is to provide positive and services, such as ambulances in the case of an emergency or inspirational role models for children that are inspired by Isalm counselling if they are lonely. This service has been used more albeit on a global level. “The 99” are superheroes from 99 coun- than 3.5 million times since the launch of the organization. Senior tries that work together to improve the world with story lines that Citizen Home Safety Association reaches 13% of the elderly pop- promote diversity, multiculturalism, personal responsiblility and ulation in Hong Kong and is currently expanding into other cities accountability. “The 99” comics have been licensed in eight lan- in China. guages, a first theme park recently opened in Kuwait and a global animation project will come out by the end of 2009. 1 Bill Clinton, Remarks to the Annual Meeting of the World Economic Forum, Davos, 29 January 2000 2 , Speech to the Annual Meeting of the World Economic Forum, Davos, 28 January 2000 3 Message from the Supreme Pontiff Pope John Paul II”, World Economic Forum, 2000 4 John Markoff, “Group Meets to Address Digital Divide”, New York Times, 19 5 Letter from the Travel Industry Association of America, 10 April 2000 July 2000 2000 World Economic Forum, though both work closely together, workWorld both Economic Forum, closely though A focal point of the Foundation’sA focal the activities been has they established the Schwab Foundation: the Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship officially In an essay prepared for this book, the Schwabs recalled why recalled the Schwabs this for prepared book, In essay an Hilde and Schwab createdIn afoundation to 1998, Klaus pro In subsequent years, the Foundation has selected between between the years, Foundation selected has In subsequent in the United States. neurs. neurs. In the first year of the Foundation’s40so operations, of the rest of the world.most It was beginning to just emerge entrepreneurship.mote social institution Aseparate the from search and selection of the world’s selection and search entrepre social leading At that activities its time, in 2000. August the concept started cial entrepreneurs were selected to be part of the network. of the network. cial entrepreneurs to part were be selected of “social entrepreneurship” in known Europe was little and The Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship Social for “The World Economic Forum was created to bring together than when we started. Clearly, the world needs more than than more needs world Clearly, the we started. when than together a world that promotes social progress and better better and progress social promotes that aworld together help as well as problems, economic and social solving to to improving the state of the world. ful We thus problems. geopolitical and macroeconomic to world leaders in business and public policy to find solutions solutions find to policy public and business in leaders world filled a dream to create an impartial platform where men where platform impartial an create to dream a filled Economic Forum, but this is not enough! By establishing the Schwab Foundation for Social Entre Social for Foundation Schwab the establishing By But over these years, the world dramatically. changed De into the knowledge generated by their approaches practical mobilize In celebrating stronger for their support efforts. global create dream: a another to wefulfilled preneurship standards of living in an innovative and effective manner.” effective and innovative an in living of standards spite concerted efforts by governments efforts spite and concerted multilateral and disseminating their success stories, we seek to build build to we seek stories, success their disseminating and entrepreneurs of social outstanding andcommunity to tap World the as such platform amultistakeholder ever before insecurity more and inequality income we have more erty, organizations to promote economic growth and reduce pov insights and knowledge their contribute and time Davos at out take could influence global and national of women and ------The Foundation has pursued two goals with its selection strat with selection goals its two pursued Foundation has The vided the seed for a strong personal and professional support support professional and astrong personal for the seed vided year, active on taking in providing roles and the programme a was the first global meeting of social entrepreneurs and pro and entrepreneurs social of meeting global first the was to identify the Social Entrepreneur the Social of the Yearto identify in participating trepreneurs have in every Meeting the Annual participated entrepreneurssocial invited Annual group was of first the to 40 of group first The experiences. their share and together recognized recognized by only tries or where been not it has trepreneur of the Year countries. to 30 in competitions close It has gone from screening about 150 about screening ayear candidates from when gone It has Social entrepreneurs regional Forum in every participate Social entrepreneurs social have increasingly inte been Selected Summit until 2008. beginning, its the Schwab FoundationSince recognized the 20 to20 entrepreneurs 25 social ayear to join the community. In 2009, the Foundation introduced regional competitions to competitions regional the Foundation introduced 2009, By 2008, the Schwab Foundation was conducting Social En the Schwab Social Foundation was conducting 2008, By Meeting in 2002. Since then, between 30 and 50 social en social 50 and 30 then, between Since inMeeting 2002. identify the identify top two to fivesocial entrepreneurs.The awards to 1,000 annually. the close award toit started assessing In entrepreneurship ofintroducing social the in concept coun in countries in the specific region receive their awards in meeting, Entrepreneurs where the new Social of the Year pragmatic and grounded voicepragmatic grounded to and the “Davos” conversations. entrepreneurs. Foundation The social leading among network to entrepreneurs the come globe social for across from need social entrepreneurssocial in met Geneva in November 2001. This a plenary session. This gives the winners session. instant recog a plenary ensures much better coverageensures entrepreneurs of the much better social are not known at the international level. partnership Media entrepreneursentrepreneurship social who by identifying egy. First, awareness of social to global aimed it has broaden countries. the Foundation national introduced competitions 2005, early grated into World Economic events Forum initiatives. and The to Entrepreneurs’continued organize Social global annual an meetings. regional are World at Forum Economic presented and corporate leaders. of of political society, the backing segments lack but certain at the national level. the competitions are at geared Second, ------

2000 2000 The Schwab Foundation owes its success also to committed to committed also Schwab FoundationThe owes success its former and present Foundation Board members, among them them among members, Foundation present Board and former Stephen Brenninkmeijer.Stephen David Mbeki, Gergen, Zanele Coelho, Paulo Ogata, Sadako Schwab Foundationachievements: have on its reflected Looking back over back 10 of the the past Looking the co-founders years, in initiatives, Forum the conversations shapingthe future nition and media attention in and attention nition theircountries media home and agendas of industries, and the Global Agenda Councils. Agenda the of Global industries, and agendas entrepreneurs their social region. participate The across 2017 with Hilde Schwab Hilde with 2017 India Award Entrepreneur Social the of Winner ), (second Sahni Urvashi “Since 2000 when we began our operations, the landscape for for landscape the operations, our we began when 2000 “Since years, we have witnessed within the World Economic Forum We are proud that the Foundation has been part of this his this of part been has Foundation the that proud We are toric shift. Liketoric shift. all innovative entities, the Foundation has have foundations well-endowed of anumber and globe the tude of institutions and activities have mushroomed across been set up to support social entrepreneurship. upsocial set been to support Internation self-confidentbased on increased recognition of their work. entrepreneurshipsocial has changed. A substantially multi and openness to these grassroots innovators.” interest of level the in change adramatic members its and 10 last the Over practices. and mindsets change to existed entrepreneurship. entrepreneurs Social have more become social in courses teach universities many and been developed have schemes support financial created, been have es al gatherings draw and multiple thousands, awards and priz - - - -

2002 in Africa with Hilde Schwab Schwab Hilde with Africa in 2002 Year the of Entrepreneur Social of winner Cameroon ASAFE of Yitamben Gisele

2000 2001 Yasser Arafat and Bill Clinton – a final attempt at peace at attempt –afinal Clinton Bill and Arafat Yasser in Israel. elections general of Taba. ahead days nine just was This Just as the session started, Arafat told Schwab that he had left left had he that Schwab told Arafat started, session the as Just would Cooperation. Israel’s was time that Regional of at Minister who wondered promising very was Amre Sunday on place took leaders two with the in Davos A session efforts efforts the After tive, the prepared painstakingly had who Schwab, Klaus historic. truly that, It ument to Arafat. The Palestinian leader pulled papers out of his of out papers pulled leader Palestinian The to Arafat. ument live. broadcast was session the –were and high media re-elected. Understandably, expectations – particularly among the by his speech in his hotel room and would therefore prefer to speak to speak prefer therefore would and room in hotel his speech his in a take would place session the that parties both chair. the was session, the for procedures the the at made was to table the back parties the bring stantial second. Schwab asked Peres to open the session, which he did in did he which session, the to open Peres asked Schwab second. sat a audience January, 28 afternoon, might agreement ence The The 2001. in January ence to attempt anew process, peace Israeli-Palestinian the advance

very was

Palestinian

on A MissedA Opportunity 2001

after reconciliatory had Moussa,

speak

the positive clear

bearing

to finally

panel, the why

witness that Moussa. then and Peres by followed first,

conclusion Authority at

and nobody

resulted

by President Bill Clinton in Camp David in 2000 to in 2000 David in Camp Clinton Bill by President on

while that the be

cooperative whether Prime Minister Ehud Barak would be be would Ehud Barak Minister Prime whether and spirit

this

carried time outcome

UN Secretary-General UN

one day after the end of the peace talks in talks peace the of end the after day one

in

Chairman the

special in

of – the meantime had brought up any up doc brought had meantime the Minister news coming out of the Egyptian the of out resort news coming

a

impression the the through breakthrough. It breakthrough.

of

way. It way. Spirit technical

moment, Peres, Peres, Shimon and Arafat Yasser

this

of

to Foreign

of plenary

was prevailed that prevailed Davos

Davos

It had been agreed with with agreed been had It discussions which Arafat’s turn.

Kofi

Affairs was widely was

and would

–

Annan could have been have been could

and

then very

of Taba confer

have

this that Egypt, in

joined

endorsed construc Taba, an Taba,

Schwab thought

confer

Arafat a

sub also

the - - - - -

2001 2001 Team Team & transportation sectors determined that business and industry What happened in that Davos session was the biggest the was session Davos in that happened What negotiations. future for atemplate havewould become with Arafat to alternative an presented or have accepted could Arafat DRN’s DRN’s The 2004. in December Asia the tional In the wake of the devastating earthquake in Gujarat, India, that that India, in Gujarat, earthquake wakeIn the devastating ofthe audience Davos the leaving Israel, fall, Arafat failed to end the second Palestinian uprising. Palestinian second the to end failed Arafat fall, Since its launch, the DRN has played an important role in inter role important an played has DRN the launch, its Since Network Network Pentagon in Washington DC and into the ground in Pennsylva into ground the and DC in Washington Pentagon World Trade towers World the of twin the on Center attacks terrorist ing it contributed an estimated US$ 1.7 million in volunteer labour and and 1.7 labour in million volunteer US$ estimated an contributed it Peres upon using two hijacked planes, as well as the crashing of a jet into ajet of the crashing the well as as planes, hijacked two using representing That Palestinians. killing for Israel denounced and participants – Schwab that ment hard-line on attacks verbal aggressive ofhis most one delivered and pocket national relief efforts. As an example, an As efforts. relief national of victims to help more do should contributing was mistake glaring most Arafat’s say region. afflicted in the efforts relief to emergency services On On 11 September 2001, the world was shocked by devastat the shocked was world the 2001, 11On September the of week the during occurred offer. However, most serious Arafat’s mistakes came Indeed, 2000. of summer IIin the David Camp at talks of down destroying covery activity proved an inspiring an proved activity covery evident effort collaborative

6 Camp THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY disasters. February, Barak handled

the

Airport

Davos. in Davos. it to endorse were supposed to turned

following prevent and prevent (DRN) figure, World Economic World

David any

in

model over 7,400 over in 24 days. supplies relief of tons

the on

hope that

Colombo,

came talks,

Peres engineering the has has would proactively would

in for

to

with tsunami lost mitigate the human suffering associated associated suffering human the mitigate action. experienced at any Annual Meeting. Many Meeting. anyat Annual experienced

atrue at power.

Sri

the Davos an Forum

Lanka,

outline and

Based

election

that &

Annual

construction – to lasting stunned

natural

example

struck in the

at create

post-tsunami relief and re of

participate

its front

DRN’s Airport DRN’s the and a

Meeting, contribution deal peace.

disasters. South

Bandaranaike Interna and,

Ariel of a of The The

Disaster

at

the 2,000 and

at Taba, Arafat Taba,

in and Sharon, Taba Taba

the the public-private

a

the to break the

multi-sector

They

South-East later. After Emergency astounded was

disappoint same Governors

proposals proposals Resource Resource

logistics logistics Instead,

Barak’s In total,

a

clearly called

more

time,

and 204 ------

The elected newly the to fice to relocate the Annual Meeting to thunderous applause from the the from applause to thunderous Meeting Annual the to relocate York New the November Meeting uliani welcomed him at the airport and showed him Ground Zero him Ground showed and airport the him at welcomed uliani many nia. nia. by helicopter. rose still Smoke received recalls: York 9/11. after to take off York plane New Concorde move, move, the endorsed Forum the of flexibility and adaptability the tested only not decision This with Americans. and official visitor in the the in visitor official city’s leaders. all

covered

final A MISSEDOPPORTUNITY 205 Two Two

participants “In the evening of 10 September, members of the World Eco World the of members 10 of September, evening the “In The contrast of the atmosphere of that evening with what what with evening that of atmosphere the of contrast The

that reigned after the attacks: on the one hand a strong astrong hand one the on attacks: the after reigned that atmosphere the We never forget will plane. by private treal Award. Candlelight the were so many sparks showing New York’s New showing sparks vitality.” many so were where KofiUN AnnanSecretary-General presented me with New York, before being able to return to Geneva from Mon from Geneva to return to able being York,New before my wife Hilde. We fivewere for daysblocked in our hotelin mixture of ghostly surrealism, and on the other hand there there hand other the on and surrealism, ghostly of mixture more have been not could later 12 than hours less happened York New as from had friends other many and Forum nomic striking. This experience left a deep impression on me and and me on impression adeep left experience This striking. Issues Global on Center House Carriage new the at sembled

months later,months Forum the from decision Schwab

when in

ash. Stock Exchange, Schwab announced the decision decision the announced Schwab Exchange, Stock Davos

Schwab

as

to Giuliani to

Mayor’s having been himself in New York in New himself been having overcome

his to relocate

New

first

Mayor York in York New back arrived then staff York to mansion before handing over of the handing before mansion official

from the

their received

to Michael decided

Annual

a the

show reluctance visitor. maximum,

piles

Klaus

Bloomberg

solidarity to Meeting

During a luncheon at at aluncheon During

of relocate

Schwab as his last last his as Schwab rubble

to travel. Schwab Schwab travel. to but Mayor Rudy Gi Rudy Mayor

also was with the first first the with with the city city with the

who

on 9/11.on He and the

required taken

Annual debris, in

turn

in - - - - -

2001 2001

2001 2001 Forum task forces and initiatives, which included the following: the included which initiatives, and forces task Forum interwoven with ongoing increasingly became world, in the region major in each summits the well as as Meeting, Annual the 2001, By The Forum’sThe Expanding Portfolio • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Report Transition

Global GovernanceGlobal Report Corporate Performance Initiative Performance Corporate Digital Divide Task Force Middle East Strategy Group Strategy East Middle Balkan TaskBalkan Force Changing in Russia Global and the Automobile Environmental Sustainability Index Sustainability Environmental Digital Readiness Report Readiness Digital Global Competitiveness Report The Future of the Multilateral Trade System Multilateral the of Future The Business andBusiness Informal NGO Dialogue Global Corporate Citizenship Initiative Corporate Global Corporate InitiativeCorporate of Poverty on Diseases , President of Nigeria of President Obasanjo, Olusegun Divides’ Religious the Bridging in Islam of Role ‘The on speech his delivers Al-Thani Khalifa bin Hamad Sheikh Highness His A MISSEDOPPORTUNITY 209

2001 2002 In Solidarity, Davos relocates to New York City New to relocates Davos Solidarity, In The The After the momentous Meeting, , former Undersecre former Strong, Maurice Meeting, momentous the After tary-General of the United Nations, Chairman of the Rio Summit and and Summit Rio the of Chairman Nations, United the of tary-General security. tight very under 102 countries from participants 2,700 Forum, wrote to Klaus Schwab: wrote to Klaus Forum, in show solidarity with the United show solidarity city a former member of the Foundation Board of the World Economic Economic World the of Board Foundation the of member a former

the World World 2002 Davos in New York after Waldorf-Astoria Hotel “It is often said that the world could never be the same after after same the be never could world the that said often is “It The decision to move the Annual Meeting to New York New to a as Meeting Annual move to the decision The 11 September 2001. In many respects this is certainly true true certainly is this respects many In 2001. 11 September them. This clearly has implications important for the Forum. and hosts the on costs high impose to continue will tion continue would leaders world of gatherings large such that clear it made and concerns these 11tember compounded this year’s Annual Meeting in Davos due to difficulties and for the indefinite future to be the targets of protestors with future with to beof the for protestors the targets indefinite September 11 abruptly brought to a head the process already already process the ahead to brought 11 abruptly September Economic Forum, the changes have clearly been profound. underway of calling into question the of prospect holding both to those who host them and those who participate in in participate who those and them host who those to both brilliant one, both in its timing and its implementation. You implementation. its and timing its in both one, brilliant gramme and the practical arrangements for the meeting meeting the for arrangements practical the and gramme pro the reorienting in job remarkable a did team your and a be to proved York New in centre aworld as community a deterrent as act will which gatherings such of organizers situa This terrorism. accompanying for potential a high Sep security. its ensuring in Swiss by the foreseen costs World the For implications. full its to accommodating and understanding of process the in still we are indeed and dramatic affirmation of theconfidence of the international

the York York in New Meeting Annual its held Forum Economic

9/11

terror

attacks.

in midtown Manhattan, midtown

States

“Davos

and

in

the New

inhabitants York”

with took

more

of place

than

the to to - - - -

2002 2002 This This At the meeting, former New York New former At meeting, the to the Hudson infectious fighting UN Secretary-General KofiHealthAnnan the InitiGlobal launched UN Secretary-General city of the in charge been had World to World stewardship the intellectual providing business national industries,businesses across together with governments, inter significance and emerging countries. The GHI works closely with a number of of with a number closely works GHI The countries. emerging and and ative (GHI) World ofthe agenda. Meeting to Annual the contributions active makes and es chief cil (IBC), community interactive an

globally

, THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY year, the Forum established the International the year, established Forum the

executives “By holding their 2002 Annual Meeting in New York, New in the Meeting Annual 2002 their holding “By York is back in business, and that New York is the place to to York New place that the is and business, York in back is The result was clearly the most uniquely successful meeting meeting successful uniquely most the clearly was result The vote of confidence in our city. It sends a message that New New that message a sends It city. our in confidence of vote World Economic Forum as served a resounding endorse to advancing the special interests of business.” of interests special the advancing to the time same At the media. American North the in ticularly world, which also happens to be the financial capital of and capital to be happens world, which also the financial Davos Meeting to be held than in the most diverse city in the the in city diverse most the in than held be to Meeting Davos level of high quality publicity, most of it positive, and par and positive, it of most publicity, quality high of level in successful were and time short impossibly almost an in ment of New York City’s sustained vitality. We can’t think of of think We can’t vitality. York New sustained of City’s ment merely not and world” the of state the “improving to mitted responded to the concerns of many protestors and invited be for worldbe for and leaders decision-makers.” a global economic partner to the world. This is a tremendous atremendous is This world. the to partner economic a global a more appropriate, courageous and optimistic milieu for the com really is Forum the which to degree the demonstrated leaders society civil of group impressive an participants as which issues programme the in include to took you actions unprecedented by an accompanied Forum the for time all of obtaining the full of cooperation the authorities in New York. and non-governmental organizations, in systematically

leaders.

advisory advisory an as acts It issues. business relevant

and of River:

the

from strengthening

Made diseases, Forum’s decision Forum’s

all The The Forum. Economic

up industries, of

in on 100

health systems in both developing developing in both systems health particular,

9/11,

Mayor Rudolph W. highly

the of

told

to concerned

IBC

respected bring

participants

HIV/AIDS,

identifies

purpose: to engage purpose: the Economic Forum

and Business Coun Business Spirit of Davos Davos of Spirit 2

and influential

Giuliani, who who Giuliani,

and

of committed

1 the

address

deep body 212 ------

The The was was ticipated to the ground. The GHI is active across Africa and Asia. and Africa across active is GHI The ground. the Presidency and to the President of the Convention on the Future the on Convention the of to President the and Presidency EU to Danish the presented was which Constitution, European World World with the in partnership well as as members, Forum issues at its Forum events to Forum ensure its at issues by people aged between sequently World World the and UNAIDS Organization, had been ratified by 25 of the 27 Member Union 27 European the by of 25 ratified been had of generation generation new with the dialogue each partners’ skills and resources for the optimum impact on impact optimum the for resources and skills partners’ each these events around advocacy high-level to conduct grammes; pro up workplace in setting companies to assist guidelines and agenda; Monday Morning

Europe, Valéry Giscard Europe, Valéry

promote a World Economic World

result 2 1 York New in Meeting Annual the of Opening DAVOS INNEWYORK 213 rejected two-week Annual 2001-2002 Report future of the World Economic Forum”, 20 February 2002 February Forum”, 20 Economic World the of future the concerning thoughts “Some F. Strong, Maurice from Memorandum

and

in

efforts efforts combined of their replaced

democratic

an

by to

online gathering voters in voters

, create

the launched

Forum, by

dialogue

18 the sustainability

public-private France and France

and in d’Estaing. The d’Estaing.

, World Economic Forum

Lisbon with

a

25 “European Bridging

the with

from of Europeans. A thousand young young Athousand Europeans. of Treaty, which Treaty,

was a draft proposal for a new anew for proposal adraft was independent

Holland they in European leaders,

33

Bank, to develop toolkits toolkits to develop Bank, Europe Europe partnerships,

village” European stay

European

in

high

initiative, through a qualified 2005

by Danish

in

on October

countries

Copenhagen.

Constitution and

the leveraging

think

designed

followed was world’s world’s

States. Health Health

2009 2009

tank sub par - - -

2002 2002

2002 2002 The question is: can business leaders still be trusted today? Is the the Is today? trusted be still leaders business is: can question The Whether we are collaborators, shareholders, consumers, residents, want to succeed at long term they need the trust of all the relevant relevant the all of trust the they need term long at want to succeed their actions with ethic principles. Those who believe that they that believe who Those with ethicprinciples. actions their levels: three those trust, to wants regain business if quite obvious: therefore leaders, how of image the affect misdemeanours the minority: the It is not words but concrete actions that are urgently needed on on needed urgently are that actions concrete but words not is It Forum’s Economic World in the newsletter published editorial In an interest groups. This can only be achieved if they are willing to align they willing if are to achieved align be only can This groups. interest can confidence For mistrust. growing by underscored is image if even spectacular, and exceptions are cases mentioned the if confidence the questioned Schwab Klaus 2002, September in liable not only to one but to various stakeholders. If enterprises enterprises If stakeholders. to various but to one only not liable must meet economic, ecological and social demands. They are They demands. social and ecological economic, meet must citizens. corporate as behave responsible must behave accordingly. is It periods. longer over and – earned be must it bought, be not This economy, perceived. are globalized the of those particularly in are position their and confidence abuse who leaders business space. They cannot command as they please. Business leaders Even negative. in the citizens answer Many would trustworthy? still rel highly still issues raising leaders, business in its has society Companies and their decision-makers do not operate in an open open in an operate not do decision-makers their and Companies consequences. negative with the reckon later or sooner must it without do can to leaders business expect all family,we of heads or educators – all economy of one after of our the components lives –essential today: evant 1. The Business Level 1. Business The Are Business Leaders Still Trustworthy? Still Leaders Business Are - - Who can undertake this task? On our continent, the European Union Union European the continent, our On this task? undertake can Who world can only be tackled successfully with the cooperation of all of all with cooperation the successfully tackled be only can world these regulations, the of effectiveness the to guarantee words, As business long ago transcended national borders, operating operating borders, national transcended ago long business As the stakeholders. The prerequisite for such fruitful cooperation is, is, cooperation fruitful such for prerequisite The stakeholders. the of our problems The Forum. Economic World of the framework tual Likewise, the United States is moving the process forward – too From the outset, the stakeholder principle has been the concep the been has principle stakeholder the From outset, the its interests. But this process has not yet reached wider regions regions wider yet reached not has this process But interests. its is pushing the homologation of the regulations ahead with success. Inother link. weakest its as strong always as is chain The ited. however, trust. aminimum mutual of organizations. international the and ments legalized. and coordinated internationally be must standards of effective auditing, rules that transparent of exclude standards effective any distinct others, among comprise, regulations These standards. Clearly, self-regulation alone is For not sufficient. thiseach reason, country needs authoritative regulations that guarantee various various guarantee that regulations authoritative needs country of the globe. Hence, everybody is challenged – business, govern business, – challenged is everybody Hence, globe. the of safeguarding and own perspective however, its from often, solely globally, of remains nationallegislation the lim obviously efficacy etc. regulations, environmental authoritative ers, stakehold other and shareholders for creation value long-term at ofconflicts interest,andaimed bonuses systems ofcompensation 3. The Level Global 2. The2. National Level 3

Editorial, World Economic Forum Newsletter, September 2002 September Newsletter, Forum Economic World Editorial, Schwab,Klaus noch vertrauenswürdig?”, “Sind Wirtschaftsführer 3 - - - -

2002 2003 President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva of Brazil of Silva da Lula Inácio Luiz President The prospect of war with Iraq (which war of with Iraq erupted prospect The There were doubts about the international community’s capac community’s international the about were doubts There with North with – despondency was There regions. many in states within wars way way questioning sharp much was there participants, American conflict. conflict. to resolve prevent and ity led proliferation and potential use of weapons of mass destruction. destruction. mass of weapons of use potential and proliferation Global security once again took centre stage at the Annual Meeting. Meeting. Annual the at stage centre took again once security Global On 20 March 2003, when the war in Iraq broke, Klaus Schwab sent sent Schwab broke, war in Klaus Iraq the when 2003, March 20 On or and economic its and every a memorandum to Forum staff: to Forum a memorandum questions. critical numerous faced and and deadlier

a

by

2003 Open Forum Open Tensions,Global the unrivalled unrivalled deepening

discussion. Secretary

“The war has broken out and our first thoughts are with all all with are thoughts first our and out broken has war “The United to war should make every effort to resolve issues through through issues resolve to effort every make should war to Today a suffer. living will we are who people innocent the who that feel a sophisticated humanity should not resort for a better understanding between people, we respect a we respect people, between understanding abetter for

ing to take a one-sided, sometimes extreme position for or or for position extreme sometimes aone-sided, take to ing tempt is it that understand Ifully weeks. coming the in negotiations, even if the other side lacks goodwill. But also also But goodwill. lacks side other even the if negotiations, ones The values. their to according act who those all priori different with communities respect to a culture has nature media the by magnified be will which emotions, personal opinions and attitudes, and which has continuously worked worked continuously has which and attitudes, and opinions by which war. the institution an of However,against part as dramatic situation that naturally provokes a great deal of global

power. power.

States

of the of terrorism.

the immediate focal point – about the resurging – point about focal the immediate of

There

State

had Israeli-Palestinian Not geopolitical

was

Colin

been surprisingly, There

anxiety attracted intense interest interest intense attracted Powell

choosing

was And, And, implications overshadowed

that

concern

the

conflict

deeply

an to

strong

exercise assault

two months later) months two about continuing continuing about

discomfitingfor could

US on

its delegation

fuel Baghdad

colossal of

even

the - -

2003 2003 Th After the war broke, the Forum took the unprecedented decision decision unprecedented the took war broke, the Forum the After to organize a full-scale extraordinary Annual Meeting toMeeting Annual bring the to organizeextraordinary a full-scale tina, Colombia, Mexico tina, and brought Peru, toColombia, the questions forefront the Middle East in light of the recent release of the Roadmap for for Roadmap ofthe release recent the of in light East Middle the in situation the discussed leaders The Patten. Chris Affairs ternal II of Jordan. This significant event was combined with a meeting meeting a with combined was event significant This Jordan. of II Spirit of Davos to the Middle East at a time of profound global ten global profound of atime at East to Middle the Davos of Spirit together together Alegre, in Porto Forum Social Security Policy , and European Commissioner for Ex and European Javier Policy Commissioner Solana, Security Lui Peace in the region. in the Peace and Foreign Common European for Representative High Powell, Colin State of Secretary US Papandreou, George Minister Foreign Naím, the EditorNaím, the Foreign of Policy in sion. The Extraodinary Annual Meeting inAnnual Jordan was held sion. in The Extraodinary June General Kofi Annan, Russian Foreign Minister Igor Ivanov, Greek Igor Minister Foreign Russian Annan, Kofi General about economic of the so-called Quartet that included United Nations Secretary- Secretary- Nations United included that Quartet so-called the of Abdullah King Majesty His of patronage the under Sea Dead the at

e all z presenc Ináci THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY developing countries. In countries. developing “Is the ‘Washington Consensus’ merely in need of some re some of need in merely Consensus’ ‘Washington the “Is The war vindicates even more the Forum’s needfulness. Forum’s the needfulness. even more vindicates war The trated on the positive, must be mobilized. Improving the the Improving mobilized. be must positive, the on trated living in engaged and committed are who today.than People world the in everybody that sure make to the dealing when any risks take we cannot that feel who those with armaments of mass destruction and terrorism whose whose terrorism and destruction mass of armaments with Never before has global cooperation been more important important more been cooperation global has before Never up to the mission of the Forum, which has always concen has which Forum, the of mission the to up believe, or is it more fundamentally flawed, as Porto Alegre Alegre participants argue? A World Economic Forum Annual Meet Porto as flawed, fundamentally more it is or believe, to seem participants Davos many as extensions, and pairs port all people who believe that we have a common duty in in duty we have acommon that believe who people all port have been dismissed from those rights. state of the world has never been so necessary.” so been never has world the of state devastating. Needless to say that as an institution we sup institution an as that say to Needless devastating. 9/11, on and so Iraq in be can past the in shown as effects, can enjoy fundamental human rights, and the Iraqi people people Iraqi the and rights, human fundamental enjoy can o Lul e a a t da th policy and policy e who had flown in directly from the World World the from directly in flown Silva, had who Annua l Meetin

reforms a

Forum post-Davos report, Moisés Moisés report, post-Davos Forum upthe , summed g i

n not with with Davo

just the the s o in f presidents of Argen of presidents

Brazilia Latin debate:

America n

Presiden

but 220 t ------

information on the progress made by the Jordan Education Initiative Initiative Education Jordan the by made progress the on information gathering Jordan of Kingdom Hashemite the of Abdullah Al Rania Queen HM GLOBAL TENSIONS, OPENFORUM 221 ‘the passion of Porto Alegre with the rationality of Davos.’ of rationality the with Alegre Porto of passion ‘the The outcome of this debate is critical to the future of emerg of future the to critical is debate this of outcome The to be done to eradicate poverty.” eradicate to done be to with regions in particularly growth, economic sparking to and reduction poverty on emphasis tainly, renewed the with a call for ‘inclusive globalization’ that would combine combine would that globalization’ ‘inclusive for acall with Alegre may not be the most conducive to encourage foreign foreign encourage to conducive most the be not may Alegre Meeting. Only the simple-minded, the ideologues, or the the or ideologues, the simple-minded, the Only Meeting. Cer simple. prove so not may circle However, this squaring ing economies. The creation of in prosperity poor countries investment. ing panel on the social dimensions of globalization ended be perplexing challenges for everyone participating in the poverty, and foreign direct investment flows are essential pends crucially on economic growth. Growth helps alleviate social programmes in nationspoor is laudable and long self-promoting gurus claim to have the answer to what is and the diminution of inequality everywhere continued to continued everywhere inequality of diminution the and context of global economic fragility, the rhetoric of Porto the In America. Latin as such rates, savings low chronically de funding and funding need policies social But overdue. 1 - - -

2003 2003 The emphasis within this model was both on the formal the on both was within this model emphasis The The was was forto the build partnership a public-private of model efficient At the meeting at the , the Forum launched the Jordan Jordan the launched Forum the Sea, Dead the at At meeting the A innovationsignificant in was2003 theOpen Forum first to the the industry, IT formation Education Initiative (JEI),Education aglobal-local, in Jordan through public-private partnerships and, in the process, process, the in and, partnerships public-private through Jordan in students. and teachers of innovation the unleashing help the Jordanian government achieve its vision for education as as education for vision achieve its government Jordanian the help transparent. and accessible more mission NGOs with critical Meeting Annual main the connecting bridge” by system as well as lifelong learning channels within society. channels learning lifelong well as as system “living a build to desire the reflected Forum Open the of staging accessible sessions of public series World World the making community, local the and The Cross. Red Swiss the and organizations trade fair churches, acceleration of education reforms in developing countries through through countries in developing reforms of education acceleration focus Another development. economic and social for a catalyst partners Forum and Jordan of government with the eration

leapfrog the

JEI of Afghanistan & Vaira Vike-Freiberga, President of Latvia of President Vike-Freiberga, &Vaira Afghanistan of President Karzai, Hamid Saud, Al Faisal Turki Al Prince HRH THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY World Economic World

was

and

education also

communications technology in the learning process. process. learning in the technology communications initiative aimed to improve the learning process process to improve learning the initiative aimed

intended

reform

Forum

to

demonstrate in

and

the

civic

Undertaken in coop Undertaken country. to

everyone public-private

society

the

Economic effective

groups, including and

co-organized

partnership,

education education

use Davos, Davos, Forum’s Forum’s in the in the

of The The 222

in a - -

Territories and the the the the beneficial to may that mutually value lead economic thus creating In 2006, after three years of solid implementation, management management implementation, solid of years three after In 2006, fully replicated in State in India, Egypt, the Palestinian Palestinian the Egypt, in India, State in Rajasthan replicated fully Direct innovative learning solutions in partnership with world-class firms, firms, with innovative in solutions world-class learning partnership had reached over US$ 25 million. The JEI has since been success been since JEI has 25 The million. over US$ reached had business opportunities. Finally, it was created to leverage the power power the Finally, to leverage created was it opportunities. business partnership Kingdom reform of the JEI was handed over to the government of Jordan under under over ofJordan to government the JEIof the handed was corporate and commitment government of adaptation. aim was to maximize the and global

JEI’s objectives in

patronage patronage local non-governmental 1 the Secretary-General of the UN in Iraq in UN the of Secretary-General the of Representative Special Mello, de Vieira &Sergio USAID Natsios, S. Andrew GLOBAL TENSIONS, OPENFORUM 223

corporations, 17 contributions to the initiative from global and local partners partners local and global to initiative the from contributions

Economic Forum, 2003 Monitor Agenda Trust, Global Building 2003, Meeting Annual Risks”, and Perplexities Surprises, Economy: Global “The Naím, Moisés that

information technology industry for the development of of

Jordan. By Jordan.

can

The approach . the the of Abdullah Al Rania Queen H.M. of

be initiative was also was initiative

exported

partnership and

then, organizations Jordanian entities, and entities, Jordanian

reusability

the

and the

learning

replicated JEI

with

meant

in had together to together working

other

the objects,

attracted to

citizenship

government in

countries build

other

after appropriateafter 11

the

no governmental

countries. , World , World

less

capacity of Hashemite for

of

both achieve achieve

Jordan. fuelling

than

the

of 17 -

2003 2004 Self-Employed Women’s India Association, Entrepreneur,Social Mirai Chatterjee, Coordinator for Security, Social T whom joined the new programme. Like the programme. new the joined whom work Afghanistan, and Libya’s and Afghanistan, Powell’s Colin State of Secretary US After and and sectors of tive cross-section World by World the Organized tiations. nego trade global of Agenda Development Doha the to reinvigorate fails. diplomacy when force military to use fun three had said, Cheney Governments, martyrs. themselves freedom; second, to keep alliances strong and to cooperate on Meeting in 2003, in Meeting congressmen. and 15 and senators Administration Bush Davos perspective to Forum’s the work.perspective preceded bonds with members, enhance the value of services, and foster foster and services, of value the enhance with members, bonds concluded. yet to be had On the sidelines of the Annual Meeting, 20 trade ministers pledged pledged ministers trade 20 Meeting, Annual the of sidelines the On capture the including developments, recent that declared Cheney added, the world continued destruction Yet, optimism. for programme were reasons all and global a comprehensive, they bring that ensures world’s of the the the on to build ed closer event Davos. at annual an become since has gathering this special government, third, ready to and be dangers; common meeting when front every advancing by violence defeat to first, responsibilities: damental the Hussein, Saddam of of the of he F Industry and Young and Leaders Industry 2004 Forging Partnerships with Forging Partnerships

or of

Indust engagement engagement the um

terrorists

them, following year, together following ’ s

major r y Partnership foremost industry leaders drawn from arepresenta drawn from leaders industry foremost

Unfortunately, by the end of 2009, the Doha Round Round Doha the 2009, of by end the Unfortunately, the

achievements of the Industry Governors, many of many of Governors, Industry the of achievements ready

American Vice-President institutional

Partners are intend are Partners Industry The industry. with Industry

to adoption of a democratic constitution for for constitution ademocratic of adoption

decision to stop its weapons its to stop decision engage Programme to strengthen further the the further to strengthen Programme

Partners

to

iv initiat

Trade face regions. Their balanced diversity diversity balanced Their regions.

with in

comprise suicide

a

e Organization and the Swiss

four sophisticated th appearance at the appearance Annual i Industry

s

other Dick year

missions and calling calling and missions

a

select

w Cheney

members of the the of members

Governors as

the

community global integrated integrated

creation of mass mass of came

who net he he

to - - - - -

2004 2004 The Programme started out with three pilot sectors: IT and tele and IT sectors: pilot with three out started Programme The in Programme Partnership Industry the established Forum The YGLs with the US$ 1 million 1 US$ the with YGLs visio Whil while at the same time maintaining the autonomy of the group. of the autonomy time the maintaining same the while at As part of As part the CEOs Programme, and senior executives from partner flexible and adaptable when necessary. In 2004, it became ev became it 2004, In necessary. when adaptable and flexible grew quickly, and 18 covering different launch after year one tional through In January 2004, Klaus Schwab announced the creation of the of creation the announced Schwab Klaus 2004, In January Programme David Prize, which he was awarded for building the Forum into Forum the building for Prize, awarded was he David which its members into the Forum and its activities beyond beyond activities its and into Forum the members its for Leaders Global of the concept the that ident insights response to three principal drivers: principal to three response munities sion. 2009. by sectors Companies established to provide a more structured framework to integrate framework structured to a more provide established It wasfully opera energy and services. financial communications, of activities. activities These take companies in mix part a focused and structured strategically an organization that works for peace and social responsibility. social and peace for works that organization an alignment acloser revamping and quired THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY e n wit • • • The th sharing. knowledge and debate of aprocess

The dynamics of each sector cannot be addressed in addressed be cannot sector each of dynamics The strategy corporate as shorter becoming are Timescales zations to follow joint analysis with collaborative action. collaborative with analysis joint follow to zations Although the economy is global, there are – with few ex few –with are there global, is economy the Although Partnership ProgrammePartnership provides a dynamic forum to shape isolation. By bringing all sectors together under a sin nership Programme is designed to enable top corporate stant change.stant increasingly becomes setting complex. Part The Industry gle banner, the Programme makes it possible for organi for possible it makes banner, Programme the gle con of face the in action timely take to decision-makers global agendas. industry ceptions – no The associations. Industry global industry e

and where h fir

W Forum

are on o

develop since its founding, it has also been been also has it founding, its m determination since rl

d the

members chosen Economi of Young Global

basis

proactive

to

of

can

c participate

F their support for the Forum’s the for support their

bring he had received as part of the Dan Dan the of part as received had he

o share ru

solutions m

together Leaders ha

best

s in purs

the practices, carve practices,

to (YGLs) was (YGLs)

with industry-specific

Industry common ue d

the it s Tomorrow Forum’s mis missio

Partnership

challenges

therefore therefore

mission. mission. out Davos, Davos, n

com an new 226 re d ------

2005 Abdullah of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, named the second second the named of Jordan, Kingdom Hashemite of the Abdullah that the interlocking challenges confronting the world demand world the confronting challenges interlocking the that than tee of the world’s the of tee tive 2005 2005 Selected “The “The theme the Under Forum integrated represented nomination committee, which is headed by H.M. Queen Rania Al Al Rania Queen by H.M. headed is which committee, nomination summit at Zermatt, Switzerland, in June 2005. The 200 participants participants 200 The 2005. in June Switzerland, Zermatt, at summit Comprising to take group the individual for action of aplan outlined Industries Energy 3. 2. Industries Basic 1. Number ofIndustryPartners Number ofIndustryPartners Number ofIndustryPartners osmr Industries Consumer 108 Mining &Mining Metals Engineering & Construction Chemicals Energy Retail & Consumer Goods &Consumer Retail Agriculture, & Food Beverage

108 108 FORGING PARTNERSHIPS WITHINDUSTRY ANDYOUNG LEADERS action 30% 2006 of 2006 2006 YGLs was launched to respond to launched was the YGLs growing consensus

were from 197

solutions 197 197 to

dynamic

69

2007 shape 2007 2007 8,000 candidates by a nomination commit by anomination candidates 8,000 over women.

countries 269 most eminent media leaders, the first 238 eminent leaders, media most 269 269

2008

a and

based 2008 2008 World in 2020”, the YGLs held their inaugural in 2020”,World inaugural their held YGLs the more

440 inspiring 440 440

and

2009 on positive 2009 2009

were a holistic, forward-looking holistic,

leaders

drawn future. 4. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. IT/Telecom Professional Services Services Professional iaca Institutions Financial oiiy Industries Mobility elh Industries Health Telecommunications Information Technology & Information Media, Entertainment Industries Information and Entertainment Media, Professional Services Industries Management Investors Management Asset and Insurance Banking and Capital Markets Logistics & Transportation Travel &Tourism Automotive Aviation, Healthcare

up

from

In to January

the

all

age sectors.

and

2006,

of

40,

collec vision.

More

YGLs YGLs

The the 227

- -

2004 2004 YGLs YGLs of Forum The YGLs haveYGLs also velopment Afghanistan, encourages which Love Campaign, Earth the is project Another the the through World World the philanthropists, several of donation to generous the In Zimbabwe. and Korea South Africa, South US government in 2007 and 2009 and the European Union in 2008. in 2008. Union European the and 2009 and in 2007 government US Members F. F. John University’s Harvard and Forum Economic have members in 2009, China, in , and Jordan, Sea, Dead identity more proactively. A true community spirit of shared values shared of spirit community proactively. more Atrue identity increased their self-organized activities at the regional level. These level. These regional the at activities self-organized their increased responsible. environmentally more be policy or YGL-ledleaders specific around anchored meetings larger and cities get-togethers in various informal have included members map sive sion course done of ganized emissions world, oping devel in the hunger addresses simultaneously that a programme governance global environment, education, poverty, and development cluding outlined emerged and non-business business the between equally split leaders, young 220 of cohort launched Government of of

YGL YGL 2007, the world’s world’s coverage

THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY

to out

at

community. the While issues Two, Table as such initiatives Two, for community and forces task

on distinguish

the healthy The community. joint the

at

who have global

and as

YGL Summits YGL the most

health and values. and health security, and

and principles behind principles Brazil, through Forum

action individual in

wished

leverage increased

also

third

meal

over public lifestyle-related

influential has has since evolved into a and self-or self-defined

sectors.

between

Colombia, Israel, Jordan, Palestinian Authority, met

of YGL Summit YGL in

This was This a 100 schemes

YGLs reached YGLs

to

policy. also held roundtables YGLs with the number of programmes and events. Thanks Thanks events. and of programmes number six

leaders began to shape the community’s community’s the to shape began leaders

with their commit

world. the around newspapers their

an – key

The

in

people

primary businesses exclusive the

brands

Tianjin,

areas made

knowledge their in

announcement

fully heads diseases over 100 companies over worldwide. in

Dalian,

honoured

leadership

of possible

community-building an to encourage customers to customers to encourage to

China,

YGL executive YGL

concern

of

the inflection

to

state in

and China, development and development

This led to the launch to launch the led This

reduce the

in

in

as insight

and or

2008, and at the the at and 2008, was for developed part YGLs and those YGLs Kennedy School Kennedy School

as government point

the future, in future, the

continued

their

given participants by

initiatives. into

education

the in

carbon work

global its exten

world

deci

life de 228

to in is ------

YGL YGL worldwide. viewers million 250 than more reaching vised, zations. YGLs spirit, YGLs community strong their With who passionately contribute their time and energy to com the energy and time their contribute passionately who leaders 630 the were among Among All to tive tive take back to their own organizations or apply to global challenges. to global apply or to owntheir take organizations back tackling the world’s the tackling the the Summit May. 1May. on 25 members in BBC BBC important in a variety of initiatives ranging from promoting entrepreneur promoting from ranging initiatives of in avariety munity’s players YGLs take YGLs that Journeys pact programmes. YGLs have demonstrated a “can-do” approach to periences solutions. ship in Africa to keeping children in school through deworming deworming through in school children to keeping in Africa ship common enlargement and immigration involving key participants was tele was key involving participants immigration and enlargement with broadcaster the investment the climate. In collaboration and of and engaged and experts industry members, cil al communities to visit social entrepreneurs or civil society organi society civil or entrepreneurs social to visit communities

coincide the times oath of

World World FORGING PARTNERSHIPS WITHINDUSTRY ANDYOUNG LEADERS civil community had grown to more than 650 active members members active 650 than grown to more had community community. community. host their on impact World, World,

the accession

of the

in for

These when they have to make tough choices. By 2009, the 2009, By they havewhen to choices. make tough society

worthy endeavours and support the programmes of programmes the support and endeavours worthy

Warsaw was Warsaw

ethical the work and issues Economic Forum as speakers, Global Agenda Coun Agenda Global speakers, as Forum Economic At

with an hour-long debate exploring the issues surrounding regional business,

all Europe new

also

visits

the of

their countries. who

values. Members as

the to

enlargement challenges withchallenges

the

summits

events, the events, allow learn about innovative models that they can they can that innovative models about learn attended More than 20 heads of state and government government and state of heads 20 than More

YGLs is YGLs

an of

developing

special significance special at ethical

YGLs to YGLs It

the from out of the congress centres and into and centres congress the of out was

in

the underpinned

highest

of 2004, the

business, YGLs YGLs

framework

Summit the share sustainable, entrepreneurial sustainable,

labour first have have

European

They have Im They organized the

are level

meeting

their

in keen keen

have been involved involved been have drafted academia, European market, immigration

and Poland, thePoland, by

since

to expertise

Union

a

to broached guide to

contributors. strong have a have

convene it a

YGL glob YGL

was Economic

the from

leaders

and largest

media set timed posi

such 15 to to 15

key

229

ex of ------

2004 2005 for Refugees (UNHCR) Commissioner High Nations United Ambassador Goodwill Jolie Angelina To To velop action agendas around, while in Davos and after. At this first first this At after. and Davos in while around, agendas action velop who had become his country’s ambassador to Ukraine. ambassador country’s his become had who with Annual Meeting. It gave the opportunity for all 2,000 participants participants 2,000 all for gave It opportunity the Meeting. Annual the of start the at meeting” “town hall the was innovation Another agendas. into official work the could input multistakeholder that on on to focus they wished which to concerns, prioritize the ticipants was former Russian Prime Minister Viktor Chernomyrdin, Chernomyrdin, Viktor Minister Prime Russian former was ticipants first For For Following the tradition of having new leaders introduce them introduce leaders new having of tradition the Following East initiatives and global in June an Extraordinary Ukraine Roundtable in Ukraine Roundtable in June an Extraordinary international inent the of to chair the giving years, in subsequent this approach year. the of continued half Forum The second in the newly presence of presence opted participants meeting, in of group taken G8 over the of chair had which the Kingdom, community to international the selves government, with the president, the prime minister and ministerand prime the government, with president, the by characterized advocacy such as concerns of global advocacy specific with experimented par the Among meeting. the keyall involved throughout ministers government EU the of presidency the assume would and nations dustrialized to United the support targeted to provide Meeting Annual of the equitable draw even more attention to the major global issues, the Forum Forum the issues, global to major the even attention draw more the the first time, the for Global Industries Global for 2005 Building the Centre Centre the Building appearance the the platform platform

elected respective government to coordinate the programme so so programme the to coordinate government respective

globalization,

in the the

business community business

president its such as the opening session and working closely closely working and session opening the as such

presidents extremely outside

first inviting inviting World World

difficult

of climate his governance.

Economic Forum structured the agenda agenda the structured Forum Economic international celebrities known for their their for known celebrities international

Ukraine, strong

of

country. for

year six

fighting change, countries. countries.

engagement from the Ukrainian Ukrainian the from engagement

in

Viktor to power, the power, Following

on support

poverty the

Yushchenko, made education, poverty, poverty, The Davos Kiev, Kiev,

G8 or G20 aprom G20 or G8

the

his Forum convened

roundtable and

opened inopened the

efforts appeal platform, Middle Middle the Africa, AIDS AIDS Africa,

promoting virtually virtually and de and

to of was was

the the his his - - - - -

2005 2005 The The vening a series of multistakeholder workshops that bring together together bring that workshops multistakeholder of vening aseries without In 2005, the Forum developed further its Strategic Concept (see Concept Strategic its further developed Forum the In 2005, built up such competences in the areas of global competitiveness competitiveness of global in areas the competences up such built practices since the media backfired members and constituents. Accordingly, it has developed in-house in-house developed Accordingly, has it constituents. and members For invited. been had strategic insights and knowledge through the interaction of its of interaction the through knowledge and insights strategic and discussions to gather a broad range of perspectives, and con and perspectives, of range abroad to gather discussions and and global areas in those only competences justified. and obvious was that to acause connection a genuine with to those Davos at celebrities limiting the stars, of welcoming (see forgiveness debt and box) box). box).

scenarios Forum THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY The The

making (governors meetings) Global RiskProgramme Global Competitiveness Programme

or Forum’s risk. established

partnership a INDUSTRY initiatives scenarios

are framework

any

developed by conducting interviews open-ended

strategy has always been based on creating creating on based always been has strategy reference this reason, the Forum revised the practice practice the revised Forum the this reason,

a

specific

for in

THE AGENDA “out-of-the-box”

particular initiatives

SHAPING to GLOBAL

the competence . The integration of these stars stars ofthese integration . The that

societal

provide

focused

aspect for which they they which for aspect

benchmarks in thinking. The Forum Forum The thinking. REGIONAL initiatives scenarios meetings

scenario on

their

presence

planning.

for

best 232 -

the Kingdom of Bahrain. It has also released sectoral scenario scenario sectoral released also has It Bahrain. of Kingdom the policy or region business, agiven of environment future the for India, Russia, China, the , the Kingdom of of Kingdom the Emirates, Arab United the China, Russia, India, for Saudi Arabia, the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and Council countries, Cooperation Gulf the Arabia, Saudi to 2025 scenarios on reports published has Forum the 2005, Since leaders in business, society, in business, leaders narios narios are built on a thorough of analysis – factors social, political, studies including: economic, environmental and technological – that could shape shape could that – technological and environmental economic, BUILDING THECENTREFOR GLOBAL INDUSTRIES 233 Ukrainian President Viktor Yushchenko and French President Jaques Chirac Jaques President French and Yushchenko Viktor President Ukrainian • • • • • • • The Future of Pensions and Healthcare in a Rapidly Ageing Ageing aRapidly in Healthcare and Pensions of Future The Transforming Pensions and Healthcare in a Rapidly Ageing Ageing aRapidly in Healthcare and Pensions Transforming The Future of the : ANear-Term System: Out Financial Global the of Future The Scenarios Services: Financial in Innovation and Technology World: to 2030 Scenarios World: and Strategies Collaborative Opportunities to 2020 Financing Demographic Shifts: Pension and Healthcare Sce Healthcare and Pension Shifts: Demographic Financing Media and Entertainment Digital Ecosystem: Convergence between IT, Telecoms, Engineering & Construction: to Scenarios 2020 look and Long-Termlook Scenarios narios to 2030 (China and Italy) (China and 2030 to narios government and academia. The sce The academia. and government area. - - -

© Reuters/Pascal Lauener

2005 2005 “These were people with a lotta cash,” Stone said that evening. that “I said cash,” Stone with alotta were people “These There was a murmur of interest, consternation and a little em alittle and interest, of consternation amurmur was There 10 minutes, 35 people rose around the packed auditorium to make auditorium packed the around rose people 10 35 minutes, your name,” Stone urged, her hand raised above her head like an head her above raised hand her name,”your urged, Stone At this year’s World Economic Forum, the power of celebrity kicked kicked of celebrity At power the this year’s Forum, Economic World thought, I really have now, it to get I really that’sthought, ass an and why I made that US$ 1 million for the had collected fightbeen againstmalaria. It was an impressive example of how quickly a Hollywood star can can star Hollywood a quickly how of example impressive an was It be dramatically quite so hadn’t played Stone Sharon arole was It fore, or in front of such an influential audience. At a plenary ses plenary a At audience. influential an such of front in or fore, US$ 50,000, and slowly, tentatively, others stood, too. Within about slowly, and too. about Within tentatively, 50,000, stood, others US$ Economic Forum has long since outgrown its origins as a strictly a strictly as origins outgrown its since long has Forum Economic ing mosquitoes. Leading off the question-and-answer session, the the session, question-and-answer the off Leading mosquitoes. ing and founder Microsoft as listened Stone Switzerland, in Davos, business event; the smattering of cultural figures in recent years years recent in figures cultural of smattering event; the business work can as caus well and sex how humanitarian for appeal fame - funds and – bring attention much-needed to cause. an important like to else anyone “Would over grandstanding. her barrassment some passion into the wonky work of the world, showing showing world, the of saving work into wonky the passion some will take people upand up! Stand stand help? Just upand stand into immediate an nets the turned Casino and Instinct Basic of star malaria-bear from Africans poverty-stricken protect can secticide Forum Economic World the at week last poverty fighting on sion of myself.” es as it does for selling movies. Now in its 35th year, 35th in its Now movies. World the selling for does it as es later Frist, Bill announced Senator US chairman, session The cards. business collecting hall the around bustled aide an as donations, offered and up stood Stone preacher. behind Aman evangelical too. they contribute, that asked and hall in the journalists and celebrities businessmen, politicians, of to elite group the turned then 10,000, US$ pledged She cause. with in treated nets bed simple how described Gates Bill chairman Forget bankers and politicians – this year, –this politicians and Forget bankers Stars. the Follow celebrities ruled Davos ruled celebrities By James Graff James By Follow the Stars Time Magazine Time 7 February 2005 ------“These are the most capable people I’ve ever in my met life,” people she capable most the are “These years in refugee camps,” Jolie said. “And said. camps,” Jolie were land there the then in refugee years Ambassador for the United Nations High Commissioner for Refu for Commissioner High Nations United the for Ambassador tives from multinationals with her account of a visit to refugees in to refugees avisit of account with her multinationals from tives Peter Gabriel. Lara Croft: Tomb Raider star , Goodwill Goodwill Jolie, Tomb Angelina star Croft: Raider Lara Gabriel. Peter had lost arms and legs, managed to build five houses in two weeks. weeks. two in houses five build to managed legs, and arms lost had group, whom of many mines.” this ravaged how Yet described she film also but Gordimer, Nadine and Wiesel Elielike prizewinners Nobel only not to this year include in number tripled than more said. Many had lumps in their throats when she was through. was she when throats in their lumps had Many said. stars including Gérard Depardieu, Carole Bouquet, Richard Gere, Gere, Richard Bouquet, Carole Depardieu, Gérard including stars . “They’d faced the Khmer Rouge, genocide, starvation, starvation, genocide, Rouge, Khmer the “They’d faced Cambodia. and Richie Lionel , as Tucker such Chris musicians popular and ception in Davos, Jolie, 29, mesmerized a crowd including execu including crowd a mesmerized 29, Jolie, Davos, in ception re At acocktail ignored. be otherwise might that problems on throwing aspotlight as (UNHCR),celebrities of role the gees sees 1 James Graff, “Follow the Stars”, Time Magazine Stars”, the “Follow Graff, James , 7 February 2005 , 7February 1 - - -

2005 2005 The Woman’s study milestone its Empower launched also Forum The women’s women’s the the Forum’sthe to help Survey. Opinion It designed is own Executive In from markets. nomic countries identify their strengths and weaknesses in advancing in advancing weaknesses and strengths their identify countries gap between men and women in five critical areas: critical in five women and men between gap ment: Measuring the Global Gender Gap Gender Global the Measuring ment: the organization’s international constituency

report THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY Forum on the Middle East in Jordan Jordan in East Middle the on Forum Economic World the at Schwab Hilde and Klaus with Bush Laura Lady First US

international • • • • •

summer, development. health to and well-being reproductive – access healthcare political empowermentpolitical – representation of women in deci jobs unskilled low-paid, to restricted not sion-making structures educational attainment – access to education to –access attainment educational economic opportunity – access to – access theeconomic opportunity labour market that is economic participation – equal remuneration for equal work

to national eco to national importance crucial of area an interests, It

covers

uses

the

a

organizations all

Forum large 30

OECD number of number leadership

countries

and

hard-data

began qualitative . The report quantifies the the quantifies . report The

and

to and

28 explore

indicators

information reach other

expanding

beyond emerging

drawn

from from 236 its - - -

World World formally Forum the in mind, ambitions these With tionship. tionship. to have and Partnership Industry called of engagement form tured To To years. within three to this programme commit companies 300 form to attract staff and other contributors with greater industry industry with greater contributors other and staff to attract form for USA was incorporated as a non-profit corporation and was soon soon was and corporation non-profit a as incorporated was USA North North Programme. On 8 December 2005, the World the 2005, 8December On Programme. knowledge and global struc anew through into organization the community business agreement affiliation negotiated section 501(c)(6)section launched was It Code. Revenue Internal the of Geneva core core with its closely officers and a formal link to the formal a and officers entity, legal independent an as granted exemption from US tax income as a under league business quarters achieve this target, the Forum would need not only to work more to more work only not need would achieve Forum this target, the

the BUILDING THECENTREFOR GLOBAL INDUSTRIES 237 by ringing the NASDAQ closing bell bell closing NASDAQ the ringing by USA Forum Economic World the of opening official the marked Schwab Klaus the with the America Economic

design

home.

for It also

the

and implementation of the new Industry Partnership Partnership new Industry of the implementation and

It

shared

Centre

Forum had business community but also to create aplat to create also but community business

set expertise.

the USA for creation

an

Forum’s mission Global

ambitious

was with its own board of directors and and directors of own board with its World

crafted governing of

Industries,

its

goal

Economic Forum through a through Forum Economic first

to

to

overseas act their and

integrate the

as Economic Forum arm’s length arm’s to engage to vision engage

unit the global expanded into expanded

affiliate.

responsible

further the the further

head rela

The - - - -

2005 2005 This veloping the leadership capacity for global management positions management global for capacity leadership the veloping years world-class Anothe In its first two years in operation, the the two operation, in years In first its 2008-09, its third year, its 2008-09, venture. in acommercial engaging was Forum Forum. to related functions major its outsourced had 1990s in the Forum collaboration. intellectual York for ahub New as location Forum its revenues were US$ 7 million and it had 29 staff. A year later, Ayear staff. 29 had it and 7 million revenues wereits US$ itself as a global employer of choice, the Forum had to maintain had Forum the of choice, employer a global as itself integrating in manage community building, community emphasizing institution leaders in improving the state of the world and planned to use its its to use planned and world the of state the in improving leaders several revenue reached US $19 million, while its staff count rose to 44. In In to 44. rose count $19 staff US its while million, revenue reached To To management. knowledge and ment base ships, while it booked US$ 32 million in revenues – both figures figures both – revenues in million 32 US$ booked it while ships, strengthen its programme-development capabilities. To Over the years the Forum had undergone a gradual change from from change agradual undergone had Forum the years the Over world. the around from talent retain top and to attract proposition value a strong in attract a way structured with exceptionally individuals talented creation to avoid the that any notion called, now was it as PublicisLive or a (GEM) Events Management to Global event management to an capability event management with a strong organization an global p ershi three set been had that targets growth aggressive the exceeding in New managed gramme, grew grew joint

government,

THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY transformation

earlier. dramatically. and talents.

Fellow creation recognized

r Later on, Publicis Group became the sole owner of GEM, ofGEM, owner sole the became Group Publicis on, Later notable highligh

of

culture the

a university

s learning function into Forum’s the function learning

(GLF GLF

business between milestones. t inside o

that By the end of the first fiscal year in June 2007, June in year fiscal first the of end the By programme, which allowed the organization to organization the allowed which programme,

f ) in 5 200 programme to programme

backgrounds the

the world lacked a top programme for de for atop programme lacked world the the

the Publicis and Forum’s culture Forum’s York wa World Economic

Its Forum

civil s

th and Geneva, reached 310 partner reached Geneva, and flagship society. It society. Group e creatio

by

build and World

attracting

Industry Partnership Pro Partnership Industry and

foster this process, the this process, foster proven

up

n Economic Forum USA USA Forum Economic accelerated

Forum also o the a

strong f th

World Economic

experience. activities would would activities

understood the e USA Globa

best knowledge

achieved

with – position

first l young young Lead

that The the 238 as - - - - -

The Forum launched a global campaign to recruit some of theof some to recruit campaign a global launched Forum The The The The with only can initiative and taking from derives leadership that was world’s world’s Financial Times Times Financial A 2009 Australian the Fellows and the uniqueness of the GLF programme: GLF the of uniqueness the and Fellows the tan Within three programme. Fellows Leadership Global three-year curriculum the to shape forces task agroup selected Forum the end, Inthe airport. toto nearest the get finest universities – with an average age of 31. age an – average with universities finest School of the University of Pennsylvania. About 30 new Fellows Fellows new 30 About Pennsylvania. of University the of School Business School and The Wharton Wharton The and School Business London University, INSEAD, used months, it received more than 1,800 applications and interviewed interviewed and applications 1,800 than more received it months, action. through developed be programme. regular are now chosen ever year. chosen now are and assessed 120and assessed short-listed candidates, and a world’s the from degrees with all – nations 35 from Fellows 47 of

charter,

who

new Fellows became full-time employees and joined various various joined and employees full-time became Fellows BUILDING THECENTREFOR GLOBAL INDUSTRIES 239

self-governed

academic a

state

series “Their quality is very varied but also very high – I would – Iwould high very also but varied very is quality “Their INSEAD’s Dutta, Soumitra says love participating,” “Faculty

finest talent to join the organization and the inaugural inaugural the and organization the join to talent finest There is not one that hasn’t voluntarily chosen to go back back go to chosen voluntarily hasn’t that one not is There to teach [at the Forum] if given the chance.” In some sense, [at sense, teach to Forum] some In chance.” the the given if positive. extremely uniformly been has response “The tions. MBA class.” of InformationProfessor and Systems Rela Dean of External in their regular work at the Forum, fellows are also “much “much also are fellows Forum, the at work regular their in more in touch with the latest issues than, say, than, a regular issues latest the with touch in more basis adaily on leaders global with interact they because And class.” MBA an of 20% top the to it compare roughly says Professor Dutta, faculty are challenged by the fellows: fellows: by the challenged are faculty Dutta, Professor says travelled

experimented economist complemented

helicopter, The

of

delivered by modules

over over assumption interactivepeer-exchange

by

working

a

an article highlighted the special qualities of of qualities special the highlighted article the available only of means transportation, week

with

elected

the

behind

Under different with from

practical

and

Council,

the his

the

this professors

structure Sierra hometown

structures,

supervision approach

including experientialapproach

the

learning Leone Fellows drafted Fellows

of

from

to the

to

one and

government of Geneva. An Geneva.

leadership

leadership

activities.

Columbia

from the

set

Dean

up Bhu a - -

2005 2005 The organizationThe worked the to issue awareness raise about Young Global Leaders quickly set up a charitable organization upYoung acharitable set quickly Leaders Global “out-of-the-box” an solution: chose YGLs unfashionable and While many solutions were explored in the workshop, theworkshop, the in explored were solutions many While way improve and to schooling increase child health. For very As one of the one “It YGLs said, As the behind project was achal the platform ofthe the platform World Economic Forum Annual Meeting in terventions, in mainstream ( media studies, throughpublicationin-fieldrigorouseconomics of with implementation partnered to theand project manage the of the YGL worms problem But was under-rec network. the profile of the issue. De-worming the world also required also world the De-worming issue. the of profile the In 2007, agroup of Young in Davos were Leaders dis Global Programme and the American Institutes (AIR).the Research and American for Programme Davos to share their findings withleaders. world lenge lenge that played to the YGL strengths. The issue was global – money,little distribution atreatment, of anthel school-based education. lennium of universal primary Development Goal proving the effectiveness of school-based de-worming in of school-based proving the effectiveness is backgroundswhat theand expertise YGLis all community non-governmentalments and organizations technical and implementers, govern and funders between partnerships ment, raising improving status, health physical and growth public intervention, health improving achieve educational mintic de-worming the made buck“ a for “best bang drugs, spanning virtually every developing country – and so was so and – country developing every virtually spanning organizations such as Feed the Children,organizations Feed the as World such Food different of people between partnerships Building experts. ognized—and the YGLs realized to they the raise ability had children. cognitive development school-age among that de-worming was thedence single most, cost-effective in the the group evi shared economists de-worming. The the Mil support and gaps how education tocussing address duce duce a 12-minute filmon de-worming interventions and used award-winningcoopted to pro Director Eugenio Polgovsky about.” How Young bring Leaders Global solutions to the world’s challenges Boston Globe, Time Globe, Boston ). They ------

YGL and founding member of the task force, said of the pro ofYGL force, said the task member founding and 10 million children. An example of this is YGL Vikram Akula, who with “De-worm the World” shows the amazing power, energy 300 million affected children can be reached, but are but heart reached, children be can million affected 300 In 2009, the “De-worm theIn World” treated programme 2009, 20 funding. YGLs continue to explore ways in which the remaining remaining the which in ways explore to continue YGLs funding. founded India’s SKS Microfinanceand isusing his distribution Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and Latin America, and increase its its increase and America, Latin Asiaand Africa, Sub-Saharan Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,Management, Massachusetts a USA, in 2009, scaling up to scaling 8millionin 2009, in years. the coming powerful than the sum of parts.” its powerful more is much awhole as tokind show that the community of School Sloan of Economics, Professor J.Kristin , toreach treat up to 75 million children, thanks to increased willprogramme at-risk on focus in populations school-age tonetwork 1 million reach in Pradesh schoolchildren Andhra childrenmillion in 26 through countries, school-age the YGL Over the next three years, the YGL “De-worm the World” the “De-worm YGL the years, three next the Over and and the private sector – have all made contributions of some NGOs academia, fund-raising, media, microfinance, cluding and synergies of the YGL YGLsnetwork. from all – sectors in initiative: thisexperience “Ourlaunching since made gress years. in short two just by made theened progress Initiativeoriginal the of at Clinton commitment Global in 2008 community’s networks and far partnerships in excess of their Global Leadership Fellows discover India India discover Fellows Leadership Global - - -

2005 2006

© Reuters/Sebastian Derungs ‘Economics of Equality’ of ‘Economics session the during Nigeria of Finance of Minister Okonjo-Iweala, Ngozi The The This was yet another busy year for the World Economic Forum and and Forum Economic World the for year busy yet was another This weeks, to tablished tives were expanding their while scope, several were programmes Partic 2007. in Dalian in Champions New the of Meeting Annual first Wen Premier new facility, of the Chinese inauguration the to towns In at at Council Business International fast-growing and innovative companies fresh thinking and dynamism of these New Champions, which could could which Champions, New ofthese dynamism and thinking fresh US$ to this “Summer event the as referring began quickly ipants lowing launched. brought the of mentoring and insights the from benefit the into Forum the brought This leaders. industry global become Katrina shelters Growth Companies (GGC), made have that already Companies Growth enterprises all its constituents and collaborators. Many existing Forum initia Forum existing Many collaborators. and constituents its all a mark in their national and regional markets, and are to poised deploymen and thelaunch office of theGGC initiative led to theholdingof the Forum’s up of the setting government. The central World the of members and Schwab Klaus ceived GGC the of development the to spearhead and

June, the serve The New Drivers of Growth 2006

World Economic Forum’s Economic World long-term 3

and

launch

million

the

across

the emergency wireless the

as in members. 10

Jammu and Jammu Th

t o

the team established Forum

e Disaste relief of

f

in the

tw home a

high-priority

o Medica

new Gulf opened organizations.

earthquake

for

strategic of r Resourc Kashmir. Following

Mexico the Centre for Global Growth Companies Companies Growth Global for Centre the

its Action Network l Action technology to

China

the relief

venture:

in coast e Networ Zhongnanhai, the seat of China’s of seat the Zhongnanhai,

networks

October.

representative and

in

constructed in the the k (DRN

the

its

It needed

evacuees. emergency

southern Community

policy ofinvolvingpolicy delivered

programme. Prior to programme. Prior activities sweep Economic Forum’s ) sp second overseassecond

office

to

onsore US, US, of 400

connect

In

more Hurricane teams finally

Jiabao re Jiabao in of Global of Global more es just the Forum’s Forum’s

Davos”. interim Beijing d th

than than

DRN two

led fol

11 e - - - - -

2006 2006 “play” pumps near public buildings and schools. It also launched launched also It schools. and buildings public near “play” pumps The Forum’s Water Initiative was working in Uganda to install 1,000 1,000 to install Forum’sThe in Uganda Water working was Initiative 70,000 worldwide over the next 10 years. over next the worldwide treat than Stop Business By President Member water networks. municipal isting in lor programme butions between ket-based solutions to the persistent problem of hunger in hunger of problem to persistent the ket-based solutions with ex through public-private partnerships people 70,000 reach to planned it where Africa, South and Mozambique in India, projects Plan Global the launched Gates Bill Architect Software Chief civil society partners, the group aimed to deliver scaleable, mar scaleable, to deliver aimed group the partners, society civil

Amman

this of THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY ‘Economics of Equality’ of ‘Economics on session the during School, Business London the of Dean D. Tyson, Laura

50,000 Tuberculosis 50

the

teachers.

year,

to million

Exchequer GordonExchequer the

Alliance Olusegun

recipients. channelled

was

Forum’s IT pupils the

people and prevent 14 million tuberculosis deaths deaths prevent 14 and tuberculosis million people

launched Jordan Education Jordan

Against (2006-2015)

in

Obasanjo

100 Under

more

member

schools in in Chronic

the Global the

Egypt than Brown and Microsoft Chairman and and Chairman Microsoft Brown and of

at

Nigeria,

companies

the

US$ Hunger. to

Initiative

the reach

Annual

Education 25

country. The country. United companies

million

With 650,000

Meeting. and had

Kingdom governments and and governments

the Initiative, benefited in

direct students and launched

government government partnership

The

Chancel

aim: . contri

a

more

new

the 244

to to - - - -

Th Initiative (PACI) Corruption Against Partnering The 100 signatory companies, representing total annual revenue over of annual total representing companies, signatory 100 Annual tisan, tisan, the Forum for the first timeachieved a total income exceeding 100 scrupulously non-par scrupulously been has Forum the founding, its Since 1.5 than people. more of million staff and billion 550 US$ income from partnership contracts. business Inprinciple, francs.) Swiss million processes. bidding their of part as ments banks politics participants and event partners, while projects are supported by supported are projects while event partners, and participants donations, disclosur consistent and prosperity of human society.” human of prosperity and ational committed e F HRH Prince Turki Al Faisal Al Saud, the C-100 Co-Chairs Co-Chairs C-100 the Saud, Al Faisal Turki Al Prince HRH and Carey Lord from Award C-100 the receives Ali, Muhammad legend Boxing THE NEWDRIVERSOFGROWTH 245 o

ru to to payments no making costs. Events are costs. agreed

Meeting,

and m e wit

practices. itsel

with legacies to

society

improving

d t h regar PACI to with PACI work f

ha its

the

s purpose adhere

and

(In at large heads

the management o the

the the other through funded d

of

of state financial t

into o

“integrating the contributions

a political stric

to include anti-bribery require anti-bribery to include

of 1 a main

membership

The community the

t year polic

Forum multilateral world personalities, cost

ending leaders

of y

or o

contributions from its and may

f subsidies that subsidies transparenc

for

fees finances

30 the well-being well-being the

from

accept

now had over over had now global development

cover oper cover June

parties business,

and grants, action

At 2006, 2006, y an

the are

its

or d - - -

2006 2006 The magazine was closed down immediately. down closed was magazine The that that the from circulation and the issue reprinted with the offensive article article offensive with the reprinted issue the and circulation from Despite every effort to safeguard this neutrality and impartiality, impartiality, and this neutrality to safeguard effort every Despite immediate became replaced by an editorial by him: by editorial an replaced situation es. of criminatory other Global AgendaGlobal (originally the

Klaus

Forum’s

THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY 2 1 was was

organizations, publication Annual Report 2006-2007 Global Agenda Global Schwab, Klaus “We believe that dialogue must truly be a two-way street, street, a two-way be truly must dialogue that believe “We aware of aware

to advance a cause in a vacuum is unacceptable and intol and unacceptable is avacuum in acause advance to which is why we open our doors to all positions regardless regardless positions all to doors our why is we open which existence of others have no place in our global dialogue.” global our in place have no others of existence to right the or humanity the deny who those And erable. gagement are mandatory. Using the Forum as a bully pulpit en and dialogue –constructive caveat important very one with We so do persuasion. ethnic or religious political, of

not occurred

considered Schwab

action,

and

under over the over tested been has integrity

anti-Semitic

the

at

had ordered despite the

the

publication and insulting

of control been Annual Meeting Annual

avoids known , World Economic Forum

all copies of the magazine withdrawn magazine ofthe copies all the

outsourced comments , Annual Meeting 2006 Meeting , Annual

substantial to participants

the of involvement as

this

World Link) carried Forum.

article,

in 2006

to

it.

financial

a As

The

company

when in

its soon for

years. One

national editorial

leadership took what

the consequenc as

the

in

an magazine were

politics. politics. content content London

article Forum such such

dis 246 2 - - - -

the Council of 100 Leaders for West-Islam Dialogue, a unique com aunique West-Islam Dialogue, for Leaders 100 of Council the became formally later years two what for concept the launched West. the it York InNew and Islam in 2002, between particularly inter-faith in an groups religious dialogue, various of leaders the to worked engage Forum the 9/11 the lowing US, in the attacks Fol activities. other events into and its leaders faith of voices the to integrate sought has Forum Economic World the From start, its gion in society. gion reli of role the in inherent challenges the explore to community, of the business members including experts, and leaders thought together brought Faith that on Council Agenda Global the vened con also Forum the Leaders, Religious Global of Community the to C-100, the Inaddition ethics. now business and values change, climate health, education, including relevance global of topics of set a broader on leaders faith to engage began Forum the In 2008, Arabia. Saudi Studies, Islamic and Research for Center Faisal King Chairman, Saud, Al Faisal Al Turki Prince H.R.H. and Kingdom, United Canterbury, of bishop Arch Former Clifton, of Carey by Lord C-100The co-chaired was worlds. Muslim and Western in the society of segments different across understanding to promote mission by common the joined leaders opinion and media religious, political, of business, munity Promoting Inter-FaithPromoting Dialogue - - - - -

2006 2007

© Reuters/Denis Balibouse Premier of the People’s Republic of China Wen China of Republic People’s the of Premier “Summer “Summer Davos” in Asia – took in place Dalian, China, in September. Wen Wen Champions, New ofthe Meeting Annual The This This first the – Champions New the of Meeting Annual Inaugural The 1,700 Jiabao said that the event showed “the world’s event “the interest the that showed increasing said Jiabao were able to share ideas with each other and with representatives with representatives and other with each ideas to share were able the In his keynote address to open the meeting, Chinese Premier Wen Wen Premier Chinese meeting, the to open keynoteIn his address Forum’s international economic order.” economic international growing cooperation the and in China’s development economic Growth 125 At meeting, Global the participated. nations, 90 ing nity on the basis of equality and mutual benefit to promote bal promote to benefit mutual and equality of basis the on nity recognized the need “to cooperate with the international commu Forum.” Economic World the of spirit the is This world. the of mony har and progress development, in promoting role active an playing economy, greater world ofthe paying issues potential and major between China and the Forum.” He added: “The key to the success key “The Forum.” the to and success the China added: He between scholars from various countries participate in participate countries various from scholars Companies, 40% of which were Asian businesses, were welcomed were welcomed businesses, of which were Asian 40% Companies, anced, universal and win-win progress in economic globalization.” in economic win-win progress and universal anced, companies and regions and its strong desire to establish a new to desire establish strong its and regions and companies “both international the ed and in poverty, people and regions to underdeveloped attention to discussing committed they are mission, and responsibility of sense astrong With respect. mutual and equality for wishes cere and experts leaders, business and political that is Forum the of economies. new and old the of mixing valuable a – businesses established of of the members founding as

Technology Pioneers Summer Davos 2007 together together event brought

business, new

community

government

and of community’s community’s fast-growing

the and community. community. the Global Growth Companies, Growth Global the He also told participants that China China that participants told also He Young Global

civil

society leaders, represent leaders, society focus on the fast-growing

businesses, These New Champions Champions New These

Leaders. the Forum with sin Forum the remarked, reflect

along

More

than with

the 1 ------

2007 2007 Two, Two, to opportunity the gave Forum the in Dalian Meeting Annual The vate time. The event same the at annual major its held which workplace wellness A the financial markets slumped in the autumn of 2008. of autumn in the slumped markets financial the to shift to Foundation’s the portfolio, investment its to restructure the the the the foundations that lost substantial parts of their endowment when when endowment their of parts substantial lost that foundations from in May 2008. Medvedev also participated in participated also Medvedev 2008. in May Putin Vladimir from University US$ Herman Minister, Forum Federation’s Earlier increasingl including in Medvedev’s Medvedev’s of indication early event an that as identify laborated by frequent Davos participant and Forum friend William Rhodes, William friend Forum and participant Davos by frequent become his nation’s ship with the St Petersburg International Economic Forum (SPIEF), Forum Economic International Petersburg St withship the Citibank, George Global decision. It saved the Forum from experiencing the fate of so many many so of fate the experiencing from Forum the saved It decision. cession after listening to the voices of experts such as New New as such experts of voices the to listening after cession discussion. and ceived special attention. Many observers of Russian politics now now politics Russian of observers Many attention. special ceived country. delivered health. public in activities its expand t

Foru company

veteran Senior Forum’s

hunger

THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY a sessions 0.20

two-pronged

Leaders,

delegation in m mainly into Swiss government bonds. This was a fortuitous afortuitous was This bonds. government into Swiss mainly Soros. An Soros. Kudrin. Aleksey Minister Finance and Gref

The meetings as

prompted Schwab prompted the

is Medvedev

Economics Health@Dalian,

on Vice-Chairman y

in

donated banker cafeterias and cafeterias well concerne They also Russia CEO Roundtable in June, the first in partner in first the June, in Roundtable CEO Russia

Forum year, a First on the

two-day meeting in Dalian to highlight effective effective to highlight in Dalian meeting two-day meanwhile, used

as both

developing

met

in March March in Times Financial in the piece opinion

initiative to initiative Deputy at was a Minister programmes.

and to and

top leader. He would take over as president take leader.top over would president He as

s

Professor the chronic

th d President conferred

fund

t abou worried,

the e

Sergei

Annual

a

yea

of For each For restaurants. Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev re Medvedev Dmitry Minister Prime

series to of healthy World Health World

world Citigroup

and

tackle obesity tackle likelihood of a major global re global ofamajor likelihood the conclude r Economic

progressed Nouriel Ivanov, also Ivanov,

he

Putin

the with Meeting

infectious

of by

had school

gathering high-impact

The encouraging

Russian

in Roubini and

to that,

Development a

Global

act. in private

Organization meals CEO ,

Klau diseases. Davos, the Davos, a in

if

First Deputy First

developed nations

and

The Forum moved moved Forum The to cabinet an

and

meal launch Table launch for Health

s

in

insider

off-the-record Schwa public global healthy

a developing

President

consumed,

The

high-level and members

reserves, reserves,

Initiative

also

Russian

investor such and pri and b

Young rise torise

eating Trade Trade Prime g York

r col 250 e

as of w - - - - -

To To would Annual financial system, particularly theUS andfinancialeconomy system,particularly realestate mar 2007 that a blow-up in asset prices was one of the major risks major of the one was prices in asset a blow-up that 2007 ket. Forum’s The for agenda the of core the shaped report the in identified es challeng and issues The 2008. and in 2007 world the confronting be sure, as 2007 progressed, worries mounted about the global global the about mounted worries progressed, 2007 sure, as be The Russian Federation’s First Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev Dmitry Minister Prime Deputy First Federation’s Russian The SUMMER DAVOS 251 come

Meeting. “Another vexing issue is the rising tide of capital flooding through the world’s financial markets, though it is not clear way out of debt. But to compensate for low interest rates, rates, interest low for compensate to But debt. of way out unconventional investments to generate higher returns. investors are taking advantage of cheap funding costs to costs funding cheap of advantage taking are investors lowering their financingcosts and enabling them to dig their develop this address to done be to needs or can anything if hedge funds and private equity funds, which in turn use use turn in which funds, equity private and funds hedge make more leveraged investments. An increasing amount ment. Cheap capital has been a to boon developing nations, of public pension funds and private savings are into savings flowing and private funds of pension public to the

A had warned as early as spring spring as early as warned had Report Risk Global fore more than 18 months later: 18 than months more fore Davos

summary

outlined

the

concerns,

which the - - -

© Reuters/Sebastian Derungs

2007 2007 They They particular ofaparticular leaders with the to wishing connect those As it does every year, the Forum was highly active in shaping re in shaping active year, highly was every Forum the does it As United Bin World World At 2007 the initiatives. hammed of at come its years, the Over agendas. gional • • • • • • 2006 January 2006-2009 Risks Global Core

tures infrastruc Critical China crises fiscal Coming US dollar and deficit count Ac Current US Indebtedness Asset prices/ supply prices/energy Oil the US$

Rashid THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY autumn of 2008. of autumn the in occurred that markets the in meltdown the before years two than more identified was crisis economic an for potential The risks. global key identified Report Risk Global annual Forum’s Economic World the 2009, to 2006 From important important become have also

the Dead

10 Arab While most funds do not disclose their portfolios, many have have many portfolios, their disclose not do funds most While tilayered, leveraged investments including funds of funds, funds, of funds including investments leveraged tilayered, worry that the impact of any financial shock could be am be could shock financial any of impact the that worry institutional bankers funds, funds and hedge and regulators risks of these instruments and investing habits.” investing and instruments these of risks the to to doneed homework reduce their Countries plified. un little and sophisticated in increasingly investing been derstood instruments such as credit derivatives. With mul With derivatives. credit as such instruments derstood

Bin

billion. foremost

Al -

Sea

Emirates,

Rashid Vice-President Maktoum, -

in • • • • • January 2007 January

The goal indebtedness prices/excessive asset in up Blow shift graphic demo by caused crises Fiscal ic hard landing Chinese econom US$ in count deficit/fall ac current US interruptions supply energy shock/ price Oil

Jordan,

platforms Al

Maktoum and

of for -

Ruler East Middle the on Forum Economic - - this

example, for

Foundation January 2008 January • • • • • •

institution of spending consumer Europe, reducing and UK US, collapse asset prices House/other positions fiscal Declining 6% to slows growth Chinese US$ the of value the in fall major abrupt, An spike price gas or Oil food prices volatile and Rising leaders occasions for launching for majoroccasions Dubai, regional and

in the the in H.H.

of

Prime established the established

is

with

Sheikh specific meetings

to

January 2009 January • • • • • •

contribute an Minister Chronic disease ance gaps govern Global and energy) land (water, risk source related re Increase globally classes asset in falls Further 6% to slowing growth Chinese positions fiscal riorating Sharply dete

Mohammed endowment

regions have be have -

of - area. area. -

to Mo the 252

or

a ------

Treasury Henry Paulson, Commerce Secretary Carlos Gutierrez, Gutierrez, Carlos Secretary Commerce Paulson, Treasury Henry Th Th of capital in the held was which were At World World the of A key outcome At table. Over 100 YGLs met senior officials of the US administration administration USof the officials senior met YGLs 100 Over table. economic to boost agenda regional positive and a clear to shape the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA), by for in Africa Revolution chaired aGreen for Alliance the Report Africa the Competitiveness including tives were launched, In early December, at the India Economic Summit, the Forum pub Forum Summit, the Economic India the at December, In early for business supporting 2007 including Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, Secretary of the the of Secretary Rice, Condoleezza State of Secretary including innovation, the creation of tax systemsandefficient infrastructure its Engineering and Construction: Scenarios to 2020 to Construction: Scenarios lished and Engineering the report lenges holding back hundreds of millions of small-scale farmers; farmers; small-scale of millions of hundreds back holding lenges major Kingdom, to unlock Africa’s potential by providing matching funds Africa’s to funds by unlock matching providing potential Kingdom, United in the Lords of House the of Leader Amos, by Baroness chal the tackling at aimed Annan, Kofi Secretary-General UN mer growth; continued to underpin gap skills the narrowing and pacity nomic negotiations brighter sensus”, disease. infectious and change climate protectionism, graphics, economic 2007 study, India@Risk the well as as development. cused growth and more equitable income Fund, inaugurated was which Challenge Enterprise Africa the and advantages Turkey’s on focused discussions Opportunities”, New the ating also and a knowledge-based

e e

the the geopolitical F

F SUMMER DAVOS 253 , which recommended that the continent focus on building ca building on focus continent the that recommended , which explored

at o o

World Economic World World Economic global risks

ru rum’ on

the

m future

a education,

shocks

o list s forefront. facing

f

and

risks man to Youn Turkey’s strategic

of

importance

in join

emerging business

clear y

the to

Europe. g and communitie

Global the the

Under the theme “Connecting Regions – Cre – Regions “Connecting theme the Under

environmental Middle

Forum priorities Forum oil EU, as EU, innovations. innovations. country, including country, society. peaks, peaks,

Leaders convened a US Policy Round Policy aUS convened Leaders in

Economic Forum on Latin America, America, Latin on Forum Economic East in mitigating on

well s Turkey in Turkey

and role Africa wer Chile, the economic impact of demo impact economic the

by

in in investment responsibility, as distribution.

e objectives in opportunities. promoting

als the

which outlined six of the of six outlined which in bridging

was the

Istanbul,

Cape o country’s competitive competitive country’s

the v

geopolitical

“The er

loss Town, three

y

aimed

youth education education youth civilizations and The active

political Santiago

of

Participants initiative fo initiative freshwater, freshwater,

at .

and

Notably helping

issues initia

Con eco ------, ,

2007 2007 Policy Policy Public and Leadership “Global The This was yet another example of the relationship that the Forum Forum the that relationship the of example another yet was This world, particularly in key economies. G20 particularly world, After participating in the Annual Meeting 2006, parliamentarians parliamentarians 2006, Meeting Annual in the participating After first East Asia Summit to be held in held be to Summit Asia East first from from Undersecretary of State for Political Affairs R. Nicholas Burns, and and Burns, Nicholas R. Affairs Political for State of Undersecretary Merkel had formed her government, she met a Forum delegation delegation aForum met she government, her formed had Merkel in the Chancellery in Berlin to discuss Germany’s domestic reform reform Germany’s domestic to discuss in Berlin Chancellery in the has has built with the figuresand across government political leaders as pursue would it EU presidency, its priorities the and programme, network cover the knowledge to latest the to YGLs have allows access programme Caucus to support the activities of the Forum as it organized the the organized it as Forum the of activities the to support Caucus G8 chair. The withmeeting ended informal exchanges over dinner. 15On November, Angela new immediately Chancellor German after on issues global on thinking and course Congress. of members with leading conferred also They others.

even YGLs also YGLs THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY Innovation in Foreign Aid’ Foreign in Innovation ‘Scaling on session the during Liberia of President Sirleaf, Johnson Ellen Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) formed a Davos aDavos (LDP) formed Party Japan’s Democratic Liberal ruling

at greater

Harvard

established

responsibilities. fees. Kennedy School of Government, School Kennedy University’s

a biannual as

Sponsors

they

10-day Tokyo, Tokyo, prepare for the 21st the Century”. This for

from

executive which took place in place took which

themselves

among the the among

education Forum’s Forum’s

to

take 254

This June. Another objective of the group was to enhance dialogue dialogue was to group of the enhance objective Another June. When Washington which integrated the presidents of the world’s 25 top academic world’s the of 25 academic top presidents the integrated which global the shaping on world the around with leaders Also this year, the Forum launched its Global Agenda Councils Councils Agenda Global its this year,Also launched Forum the to tory. to the 100 most influential people in the world. Kofi Annan, the UN the Annan, Kofi world. the in people influential most 100 the Schwab you!” and Ghaddafi Muammar Castro, Fidel you: as time In its 14 May issue, Time magazine listed Klaus Schwab among among Schwab Klaus listed magazine 14 Time In its issue, May Secretary-General from 1997 to 2006, wrote an essay on Schwab Schwab on wrote essay an 1997 to from 2006, Secretary-General institutions into the Forum’s networks and activities left plan complemented the Global University Leaders Forum (GULF), Forum Leaders University Global the complemented plan ple who have been active on the international scene for as a long along as for scene international the on active have who been ple prime minister in September 2009 after the DPJ won parliamentary DPJ the parliamentary won after 2009 in September minister prime stopped and said: “If I consider it rightly, it “If Iconsider said: and stopped sition Caucus was established in the US House of Representatives in Representatives of House US in the established was Caucus Caucus and his accomplishments: countries, an a compliment This issues. global of range wide a on experts best world’s the of the expertise by tapping trust brain a toformidable form concept atives represent to select together work They sides. both from co-chairs elections.

participate in participate

raise interest

the

SUMMER DAVOS 255

bipartisan In

Democratic Klaus to

Japan’s global

the meeting “In a sense, Klaus Schwab and I are in the same business: business: same the in Iare and Schwab Klaus asense, “In under we’re both who people organize global meetings. I held mine A economist, Klaus, 69, German-born turned his meetings at

Forum, has been holding his in Davos, Switzerland. Davos, in his holding been has Forum, annual event that and nurtures understanding spurs collec an into resort ski hard-to-reach still and obscure initially an Economic World the of founder 1971, Klaus, Since UN. the at participate Eventually, they

middle in DC.

Schwab

or supporting the

model may

talked

Forum not. wondering

Party chairmanship

of

in

visited the

both parties created a single caucus, with caucus, a single created parties both

Forum at profile activities.

of

length about

conversation, the Japan

be whether

events both the

Forum’s by

replicated

(DPJ)

of encouraging

prime Parliamentarians Yukio Hatoyama,

he

also set the mission.

should minister Schwab’s host Schwab’s there are only three peo three only are there

in in

Forum Japan and Japan

other

its

up take

In

of political their and

countries 2009, a Davos a Davos 2009,

from

one the

who .

agenda its

elsewhere. own

remark of the suddenly suddenly

long became

leaders

the

Davos

oppo with

and

his G8

as - - - - -

2007 2007 THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY 2 1 Champions, 6 September 2007 2007 6September Champions, New the of Meeting Annual Inaugural Forum Economic World the to Address Future”, Opening aBright Embraces China “A Growing Jiabao, Wen fun”, in “Time 100: Scientists & Thinkers”, Time &Thinkers”, Scientists 100: fun”, “Time in more only UN – the like that’s place a Creating Schwab: “Klaus Annan, Kofi you could also give better parties!” better give also could you that your meetings were often livelier than mine. But then then But mine. than livelier often were meetings your that ideas, new out try to went you aplace as lexicon global the tive action on global issues. With great single-mindedness, world, but it also aroused suspicion among activists andworld, activists among but it suspicion alsoaroused felt it was the right place to begin my campaign for a vol for my campaign begin to place right the was it felt Hilde, Klaus has kept Davos at the front of things. And, Klaus, Klaus, And, things. of front the at Davos kept has Klaus Hilde, Davos afilled feltthat inneed was widely anewly globalized untary global compact between the UN and world business business world and UN the between compact global untary ing the protesters inside the tent. With the help of his wife wife his of help the With tent. the inside protesters the ing standards. labour and environment the rights, human for respect on leaders iticians, religious figures,policy-makers and,more recently, he built Davos into a meeting place of business leaders, pol leaders, business of place ameeting into Davos built he as one meeting organizer to another, I must acknowledge by invit that of much overcame deftly Klaus demonstrators. I why, 1999, That’s in initiatives. launch or trends confirm and celebrities younger leaders.Davosactivists, entered 2 , 14 May 2007 , 14 May

256 - - - People’s Republic of China of Republic People’s President, Tsinghua University, Binglin Gu Pennsylvania, USA President, of University Gutmann Amy President, University, Harvard USA Faust Drew Gilpin Government, University, Harvard USA of School F. John Kennedy Dean, T.David Ellwood President, Zurich, ETH Switzerland Ralph Eichler USA President, Georgetown University, John J. DeGioia Kingdom United Science, Political and Economics of School London Director, Howard Davies USA President, Johns Hopkins University, Ronald Daniels Dean, INSEAD, France Brown Frank J. President, Columbia University, USA C. Bollinger Lee Technology (IIT) Madras, India of Institute Indian Director, Ananth S. M. Switzerland (EPFL), Lausanne de Fédérale President, Ecole Polytechnique Patrick Aebischer (GULF) 2007 in Members Forum Leaders University Global People’s Republic President, University, Peking Zhou Qifeng of Singapore, Singapore President, National University Tan Chorh-Chuan President, Brown University, USA Ruth J. Simmons Japan University. Keio President, Atsushi Seike of Cambridge, United Kingdom Vice-Chancellor, University Alison Richard Mexico Monterrey, President, Tecnológico de Rangel Rafael Kingdom United School, Business London Dean, Likierman Andrew President, Yale University, USA Levin C. Richard Kingdom United Oxford, of Vice-Chancellor, University Hood A. John of Technology, USA President, Institute Massachusetts Susan Hockfield President, , USA John Hennessy Japan Tokyo, of University President, Junichi Hamada

2007 2008 during the session on ‘The Global Economic Outlook 2008’ France of Employment and Finance Economy of Minister Lagarde Christine The fourth meeting is at the Global Agenda Summit. The GACs are are GACs Summit. The Agenda Global the at is meeting fourth The Washington in Washington Summit G20 the way for to input distil As Agenda in Dubai. The Forum’s vision was to engage the very best best very the Forum’s The to inwas Dubai. engage vision Agenda ter, GACs GACs the of members the the offered also Dubai 2009. January of end the folding Each Council consists of 15 to 30 of the most innovative thinkers 15 of most the of to 30 consists Council Each Forum’s global of interconnectedness and complexity the Recognizing Meeting is intended to foster long-range interdisciplinary approaches to approaches interdisciplinary long-range to foster intended is its Forum’s the to bolster intended 68 GACs convened in November for the first Summit on the Global Global the on Summit first the for November in convened GACs 68 be later and for the new US administration that would take office at office take would that administration US new the for and later marked by short-termmarked to perspectives geographic and stakeholder various from minds mission to improve the state of the world by positively shaping the the shaping by positively world to the of improve state the mission of realizing organization’s the goal ultimate with the processes, shaping viable shaping global the on issue specific a on of the cross-cutting links across global issues. In an environment environment In an issues. global links across cross-cutting of the exploration the enable and emerge to knowledge best the allow (GACs). Councils Agenda of Global initial The Network the created for need the and challenges grated days global, regional and industry agendas.

partners, it a

with 2008 Global Brains Trust Brains Global

brain happened, in

approaches

global early 2009.

WELCOM WELCOM three

trust that feeds directly into Forum’s the directly feeds that trust

members November proved proved November

economic

solutions. of

the

the (World

convening of convening to

meetings

address and views and thinking in silos, the Network Network the silos, in thinking and views

crisis. Economic Leaders Community) system. system. Community) Leaders Economic

other to shape the agenda for the Annual Annual the for agenda the to shape collaborative,

The them,

conducted

serendipitous, communities. agenda. commitment commitment

the

discussions

the Summit World Economic World

They

virtually innovative and innovative

in

to to

They confer served

in

over three over Dubai deliver

opportunity for opportunity light activities and

are DC just days days just DC through the through

every as

of

meant

value a

the

Forum Forum useful useful

quar inte

un

to to - - -

2008 2008 T The World World world was to determine what should be done to achieve this reboot. done be should what to determine current at look to and system financial and economic global the trust, renewed on based platform afresh to establish reboot” tal In late 2007, Schwab received a call from Microsoft Founder Bill Founder Microsoft 2007,In late from a call received Schwab Schwab’s Schwab’s Bill Gates said in his said Gates Bill Meeting, institutions and practices of global governance in light of the crisis crisis the of in light governance global of practices and institutions a“fundamen aim for and societies and markets economies, its in a plenary session at the coming Annual Meeting, even though even though Meeting, Annual coming the at session in aplenary have hesitated. Schwab participants. pendence. normally normally are speakers Gates Gates who asked if he might be allowed 20-25 minutes to speak to minutes speak 20-25 allowed be might he if asked who Gates citizenship.” article in-depth an Schwab coverage. media worldwide capitalism”, attracted which a Initiative (GRI),design Forum’s the the at to launch the led to action call This principles. ethical and and commitment toconfidence sustainability, social responsibility Foreign Affairs he

complete

global

700 THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY delighted

delivered.

needed told Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2009 of the Global Re Global the of 2009 Meeting Annual Forum Economic “We need to realize that today’s world is far more Asian and and Asian more far is today’s world that realize to need “We the old ways of multilateral negotiation, which are based on on based are which negotiation, multilateral ways of old the global for solutions that interdependent so is world new this years 28 of age amedian with world, ayoung also is It tions. for addressing the problems of this rapidly changing world.” problems require true global trusteeship. This means that institu these to gave birth that one the than African more defending national interests, are simply no longer adequate all, above And, down. top than rather up bottom and grated, inte more much complex, more is It time. and space across reach that communication virtual of paradigms new and participants

Gates

global economic him Inan

redesign 2

to As

that had

to outlined

essay

Schwab

examine

corporate citizenship were closely aligned, as aligned, citizenship were closely corporate have conceded have it by Schwab on the concept of “global of corporate concept the on by Schwab

published in its January/February 2008 issue issue 2008 January/February in its published it turned

would be would speech: crisis

of of in in given only 5-7 given to only address minutes each

the Dubai for participants his concept of “creative of his concept participants for

Newsweek, Klaus Newsweek,

acceded the

had

out, system

basic operating systems that drive drive that systems operating basic

the delivered clearly Gates’s capitalism creative

Anticipating

most the to wide-ranging effort to review effort wide-ranging

for

his dem

extra managing

important

a request. o

Schwab critical

nstrated

time

his

speech he

global as

message: At wrote: reservations,

the

the the

need

interde journal Annual

and

the will

260 for 1 - - - - -

velopment, the Forum helped Forum the velopment, warming. warming. went At the Annual Meeting, Japanese Prime Minister Yasuo Minister Prime Fukuda Japanese Meeting, At Annual the , items. items. used the Davos platform to launch the Cool Earth Partnership, Partnership, Earth Cool the to launch platform Davos the used and together with the World with the together and ommendations discussions global combat nations developing to 10 help billion-fund a US$ Bill Gates outlining his concept of “creative capitalism” “creative of concept his outlining Gates Bill GLOBAL BRAINSTRUST 261

to Through Tokyo and Tokyo “[Both] go beyond the concepts of corporate philanthropy, the macro level on issues of importance to the world: it world: the to importance of issues on level macro the well-being in cooperation with governments and civil so civil and governments with cooperation in well-being including social investing; corporate social responsibility; marketplace.” world’s the sustaining to contribute to duty acivic also but arena this in operate to alicense only have not porations cor Global states. nation of control the beyond by forces contributes to enhancing the sustainability of the global global the of sustainability the to enhancing contributes ciety. citizenship corporate Global at means engagement shaped space’, increasingly is which global ‘the on cusing fo entails it that in entrepreneurship social corporate and Later where

at

including a pragmatic set of measures that collec that ofmeasures set apragmatic including the in its

climate change

the

Gleneagles

personally G8 year, Fukuda year,

Summit. Business Council on Sustainable De Sustainable on Council Business

business

presented Dialogue

Before would be would would would

leaders

the Industry

to chair

among

event,

Fukuda

shape the Partners Project Partners

the

Klaus Schwab Klaus

G8

detailed

top the

Summit

agenda climate rec

in ------

2008 2008 Jiabao delivered the opening address, assuring participants that, participants assuring address, opening the delivered Jiabao Wave Wave far. so case the first-ever the its up opened first it after decades three Kyoto the from departure amajor represent would tively In New Champions took place in under the theme “The Next Next “The theme the under Tianjin in place took Champions New if adopted at the UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen in Copenhagen Conference Change Climate UN the at adopted if in December 2009. col The closer entails framework 2009. in significantly December progress and economic logical been has than businesses and governments between laboration still focused on pursuing modernization pursuing on focused still spectacular economic restructuring September,

meeting THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY 2 1 Century’ 21st the in Citizenship Global ‘Corporate session the during talk Jordan the of Abdullah Al Rania Queen HRH and Kingdom United the of Minister Prime Brown, Gordon of Growth”.of event, Wen inaugural Premier the at did he As 17 November 2008 2008 17 November Newsweek Leadership”, Top-Down More “No Schwab, Klaus and Civil Society”, Foreign Affairs Governments With Working Citizenship: Corporate “Global Schwab, Klaus

space

was Olympic

just

walk getting

weeks

Games, by underway, a underway,

and a

after

Chinese,

promoting the second Annual Meeting ofthe Meeting Annual second the

achievements. Beijing , 2008 January/February

highlighting

Chinese astronaut

had

political further further by implementing

successfully economy, China’s techno

reform. , China was China

made

hosted Protocol

Just

the

262 as

a - -

Global Risk Report last year, Report Risk Global its published Forum Economic World We are that all the surprised current crisis financial hascome this with the challenges with of the challenges a financial systemglobal that went overboard. with only not to do has seen not wall was the on why writing the At the end of and into 2008 its the 2009, worst world experienced to the great detriment of national economies and, unfortunately, unfortunately, and, economies ofnational detriment to great the the Fund have shown not Monetary International the and tries, In reasons. ideological of because or interest national of out ther systemfinancial restrictive toglobal –a address ei fundamentally that the downturn offered: downturn the that It remains to be seen whether we will be able to a “world create we able will whether be seen to be remains It Economic World the of Meeting Annual the at speech In my opening felt responsible, or capable of action. Our international system, system, international Our action. of capable or responsible, felt insiders even from voices, warning the far. let’s honest: But be Furthermore, individual governments have not shown the initiative initiative the have shown not governments individual Furthermore, world a schizophrenic about in I January, spoke in Davos Forum institutions, either lacked the authority or the competency to deal to deal competency the or authority the lacked either institutions, a about brought now have which risks those exactly of warned it mits” aimed at establishing rules that have been long overdue. long have that been rules establishing at mits” aimed unconsciously, or consciously by many actors, abused been has functions regulatory of absence The vision. long-term necessary such as , have been around for a long time. When the the time. When along for around have been Soros, George as such collapse of the system. the of collapse newspaper in Times The of London in appeared that piece opinion Inan 1920s. late the of Depression Great the since crisis economic community” which will find the right balance between necessary necessary which between will find thebalance right community” as well. people common now Only do we see “global sum finance G7, the coun addition, industrialized leading the of grouping the multilateral on based and century 20th the of middle in the created really nobody because also was but truths, inconvenient denying reason The sins. our for accountable held be we how would and early November 2008, Klaus Schwab focused on the opportunities opportunities the on focused Schwab Klaus 2008, November early By Klaus Schwab Crisis Aftermath: A Chance for Positive Change The Times 4 November 2008 4 November - - -

2008 2008 This goes beyond serving only the shareholders; it means that the the that means it shareholders; the only serving beyond goes This very well that my future quality of life would be dependent to a large to alarge dependent be would life of quality my future well that very While regulation is important for the future of the global economy, global the of future the for important is regulation While to secure the long-term prosperity of the company. the of compre This prosperity long-term the to secure innovation of power the damage will not crisis the taken to curtail I was in the hands of a would apply his most profes most his apply would who adoctor of hands inI was the stake the on in 1971 based Forum Economic World the I founded Perhaps we need an equivalent of the Hippocratic Oath for manage for Oath Hippocratic ofthe equivalent an we need Perhaps in the real economy. real in the in the following way: When I had surgery a few years ago, I knew Iknew ago, years afew surgery Ihad way: When following in the man link the that systems other and by bonuses years in recent jobs. save to order in – phase recessionary a of stages early the in his know-how – in addition to remuneration. his –in addition know-how his on dependent be would this course, of since, – income future my based on based a ethos and not professional on Of maximum profit seeking. long-term over precedence taken increasingly has seeking profit undermined been has of management role professional hensive, in order shareholders, the of appointee the just not and holders stake all of trustee the as enterprise the to lead has management stakeholders. all to serve has enterprise an of management of philosophy the World Economic Forum for the past 40 years – the the as served has which – theory the to According theory. holder measures the that We society. have careful to be to serve has rules are alone Theis economy not not sufficient. an independent than evermore important not to stifle the –economy real especially now is It dynamism. entrepreneurial maintaining and regulation ment, as it exists for doctors, which incorporates this comprehen ment, which as incorporates it exists for doctors, should environment. However, competitive leaders nationally those sive responsibility. If we are not capable of installing a long-term along-term ofinstalling capable we If not are sive responsibility. like would he to that of have claiming ashare without skills sional management of ethos professional ofthe this perversion scribed Ihave sustainability. de and competitiveness of strengthening Going forward, what we need is a management philosophy that is is that philosophy amanagement is we what need forward, Going do – without the need for additional incentives such as bonuses. as such incentives additional for need the –without do undoubtedly many which – situation every in best their do always are leaders paid highly business inhighly qualified course, an inter who was expert the inbest his that I profession. assumed naturally extent on the ofqualifications theThissurgeon. is why Isought an to agement the short-term interest of Maximum the shareholders. economy the that shown has realm; crisis the self-contained or ------the comprehensive and long-term stakeholder principle, instead instead principle, stakeholder long-term and comprehensive the to prevent further damage. But it is even more important that we that even is important it more But damage. to prevent further help, will be not regulations and economy, rules new the the then I hope that the conscious adoption of a business ethos based on on based ethos abusiness of adoption conscious the that I hope fundamental questions will be pushed to the sidelines – with the the with – sidelines tothe pushed willbe questions fundamental This accordingly. behaviour our change and problems fundamental For the short-term future, it is essential to build a real global part global a real to build essential is it short-term future, the For important issues. There is a danger today that these and other and these that today a danger is There issues. important character. a transformational hopefully, has whycrisis, is current the us, such as climate change, fighting poverty, healthcare and other other and healthcare poverty, fighting change, climate as such us, positive outcome of this of crisis. outcome positive facing challenges global other the on to make and progress ments instru financial our of impact negative the overcome to nership same disastrous consequences we saw as a result of ignoring the the ignoring of aresult as we saw consequences disastrous same way. the in a toidentify superficial blindly need We act not should and past by ofthe mistakes caused tornado the down to slow sary of the one-sided, short-term shareholder principle, one becomes crisis. this of financial signs warning early neces is it crisis of Intimes loopholes. will there always be cause of areas in all leaders business for responsibility comprehensive Condoleezza Rice, US Secretary of State and Klaus Schwab Klaus and State of Secretary US Rice, Condoleezza 3 The Times change”, positive for achance is crisis “Financial Schwab, Klaus , 4 November 2008 , 4November 3 - - - -

2008 2008 “The crisis in 1998-1999 1998-1999 in crisis Kosovo “The “Today, some of my best friends and and friends best my “Today, of some , Columnist, Japan; United Nations High Commis the occasion, several of his friends contributed recollections and and recollections contributed ofhis friends several occasion, the with any of the Russian reformers – reformers Russian the of any with when Russian democracy was being being was democracy Russian when 13 my on Annual back Ithink when the personal initiative to fundraise fundraise to initiative personal the One refugees. of outflow an triggered the climate change activists and and activists change climate the Lately stage. global the on place their took powers economic rising these and out flatten to started world the Then bubble. and boom Internet the during dot.comers, the were there Annual Meeting in Davos… Indeed, Indeed, Davos… in Meeting Annual In March 2008, Klaus Schwab celebrated his 70th birthday. To his 70th celebrated Schwab mark Klaus 2008, In March for the humanitarian needs of the the of needs humanitarian the for Excerpts: NATO resorted to air strikes and and strikes air to NATO resorted it has been the environmentalists, environmentalists, the been has it as Chinese, and Indians the was it Then roles. cameo played Peres in which Yasser Arafat and Shimon Shimon and Arafat Yasser which in Back then securing an interview interview an securing then Back Meetings, they look to me like rings rings like me to look they Meetings, International Cooperation Agency, had a very large impact on Europe on impact large avery had Japan President, Ogata, Sadako disadvantaged.” most social entrepreneurs focused on the the on focused entrepreneurs social by the Israeli-Palestinian Oslo years, years, Oslo Israeli-Palestinian the by followed was This town. in ticket hot the –was Yeltsin Boris particularly born, after the end of the Cold War. Cold the of end the after born, most important intellectual important most collab

of Klaus in my Geneva office. He took took He office. Geneva my in Klaus of visit unexpected an day, Ireceived an governments and on the public. public. the on and governments an USA York Times, New of a historical tree. I first came there there came Ifirst tree. ahistorical of the at met Ifirst people are orators congratulations to a Liber Amicorum, Latin for “Book of Friends”. of “Book for Latin Amicorum, to aLiber congratulations sioner for Refugees (1991-2001) Celebrating Klaus Schwab Klaus Celebrating and the Worldand Economic Forum

- - - “Today the world has completely completely has world “Today the victims. He felt that the large busi large the that felt He victims. terror is global rather than national; national; than global more is today more become had States United the thy for the kind of work carried out by by out carried work of kind the for thy the distance between world leaders, leaders, world between distance the In the absence of a global govern aglobal of absence the In reorganization? Even a dictator adictator Even reorganization? informal an for aneed is there ment division… territorial nize remained the same, with laws, with with laws, with same, the remained sympa arousing in part some played I Ibelieve years, the Over ments. commit sympathetic his genuine somewhat archaic. How can one one can How archaic. somewhat sovereignty. Ecology does not recog in and Europe in communities ness humanitarian among the colleagues State of Israel; Prize Peace Nobel Israel; of State the of President Peres, Shimon been narrowed.” the and business, and political cannot govern the globe alone. alone. globe the govern cannot freewill of inventors, of engineers, of scientists, of brains the govern seems ‘government’ term the even fact, In era. new the driving are that powers the between dialogue communication technology ignores technology communication economy The systems. antiquated with and regimes with armies, Butchanged. governments have (1994)Laureate by touched Iwas reconstruction. and rehabilitation for needs additional the and wars, Balkan the of quences aware of the humanitarian conse ers. Klaus’ action convinced me that that me convinced action Klaus’ ers. lead Davos political and economic ordinary victims of war had certainly certainly had war of victims ordinary

------Terrorists do not respect the law; law; the respect not do Terrorists with the new problems we are facing. facing. are we problems new the with to distinguish between male and and male between distinguish to new This control… their beyond flows organ an with wrestle not do they these powers do not combine to to combine not do powers these But abudget. police, army, the the have governments existing the that Annual Meeting in Davos has become become has Davos in Meeting Annual influ understanding, by over taken In this setting, the source and the the and source the setting, this In white, and black between nor female, formal powers: the law, the judiciary, judiciary, law, the the powers: formal ing institutions. is apast have not does Whoever ists. although And police. and army ized inclination for decision-making is is decision-making for inclination influence over the entire world. The The world. entire the over influence have participants the yet informal, is unbuttoned suits in which to learn, learn, to which in suits unbuttoned not contradict its uniqueness; it was was it uniqueness; its contradict not meet to aplace have not did powers, of strength The discipline... to ness open memory, to vision prefers he offered was not exactly aconfer exactly not was offered he an such proposed Schwab Klaus nor believers between and secular need not does It prejudices. any have not does It aprecedent. have not does It apast. have not does power provide the strength needed to deal deal to needed strength the provide erased almost have Communications pressing global issues are empha are issues global pressing

also unwilling to confront the exist the confront to unwilling also would that meetings for ameans or governmental to contrast in goodwill, He future. the in engrossed entirely wealth budgets, have governments even national dictatorship. It is true true is It dictatorship. national even and without instructions being given. made decisions without coercion, without compete and compare, of aconference but institutions, of or governments of powers, of ence What Forum. Economic World the of Meeting Annual the with opportunity ence, and choice. The atmosphere atmosphere The choice. and ence, a magnet where every year the most most the year every where a magnet

------“There is nothing else quite like like quite else nothing is “There This is a remarkable achievement in in achievement aremarkable is This This is what is meant by the term term the by meant is what is This ‘multiple equilibria’ – the meeting meeting –the equilibria’ ‘multiple World Economic Forum, I think it can can it Ithink Forum, Economic World who match you in the scale they have have they scale the in you match who any, few, if of think Yet try. Ican who what happens. And you, Klaus, are are Klaus, you, And happens. what that focal point. It is your vision, your your vision, your is It point. focal that And alongside the statistics, Davos teach that where multiple equilibria equilibria multiple where that teach to, and above all to talk to each other. other. each to talk to all above and to, the Annual Meeting in Davos. It is is It Davos. in Meeting Annual the (2001-06) 3 percent of the participants would would participants the of 3 percent is following the others. Economists is. They are all there to see, to listen listen to see, to there all are They is. bring everyone to Davos each winter… each Davos to everyone bring be said that what happens in Davos Davos in happens what that said be the or Davos of heard never have that none of think Ican And have. they audience the reach to able been many also are there realms, mental space, and in the social and govern and social the in and space, holiday in Davos, beautiful though it it though beautiful Davos, in holiday picture.” or story song, nying 2001); University President, Harvard (1999- Treasury the of Secretary US monopolized. being without sized

execution, and your imagination that that imagination your and execution, entrepreneurs in the corporate corporate the in entrepreneurs many are There entrepreneurship. citizen of this planet.” this of citizen every indirectly or directly affects earth on people most though even Truly, impact. their in global as are they that impact the and command are possible, focal points determine determine points focal possible, are person Each else. nowhere or else somewhere occur easily as just could National Economic Council, USA; Director, Summers, H. Lawrence choose in isolation to have a winter awinter have to isolation in choose not it, about points’. Think ‘focal and ‘multiple equilibria’ call economists what of demonstration a powerful accompa an for space gives always

- -

2008 2008 These partnership initiatives have had a positive effect on initiatives partnership have effect apositive These had (GEI), com partner industry Forum of leading apartnership with the national AIDS councils, labour unions and donors. unions donors. and labour with councils, the national AIDS with 15 countries (representing burden), HIV 47% of the global Africa, the GHI catalysed the four leading banks to come to banks to leading the four come catalysed the GHI Africa, the international leverages business community the commit the uptake curricula ofin modern several disciplines, such through of information the use technology, to and broaden the World Health Organization, the Gates UNAIDS, Foundation Initiative Health the Global (GHI) of the Forum, partnership In another example, the Forum’s Global Education InitiativeForum’sEducation theexample, another Global In of in arange from companies introduced the GHI In Angola, Specifically, the initiative has directly impacted over impacted the million 1.8 has initiative directly Specifically, 28,000 people, forming28,000 the foundation for industry-based resource support in Jordan, Rajasthan (India), in Rajasthan Jordan, support resource Egypt, Palestine ment of national governments of to model build areplicable the that innovation unleash nerships students and of teachers The other and sectors. informationpanies from technology jointly programming anti-stigma in And, South campaigns. HIV/AIDS on coalitions bringing the together national business worked has the GHI In ofployees over Africa, companies. 30 approximately1.5em millionincluding programmes, ment students and teachers, and mobilized and teachers, and students over million 100 US$ in GHI’s India Business Alliance to Stop TB alone has reached GHI’s reached has to alone TB Stop Alliance India Business as math, Englishas science, the Arabic. Through initiative, and to of citizens education delivery through public-private part objectives of the GEI are to improve the development and action and advocacy. covering seroprevalence survey industry-wide an gether for beverage, and which includingdustries, oil are food and now over through 4 awarenessmillion treat company and people over 10 Asia. million South and workers East and in Africa organizations worked has with 170 representing companies otherand non-governmental, governmental philanthropic and example,organizationsindividualForlives. countless and education reform. World Economic Forum Initiatives ------These are just a few of the examples by which Forum multi Forum which by examples the of few a just are These 14 governments, 7international organizations NGOs, 20 and vided a conducive environment for collaboration by partner environment by aconducive partner vided collaboration for with a Steering Board of nine industry and strategic partners. strategic and partners. of ninewith Board industry aSteering financialarchitecture, energypoverty, West-Islamic relations, In each case, the Forum’s case, In each pro has informal, neutral platform food security and information technology for development. for information and technology security food For For example, in the Indian state of Rajasthan, the initiative has impacted 43,500 schools, 60,000 teachers and 1.2 and teachers million 60,000 schools, 43,500 impacted in practical and concrete ways. and in practical models at the global level. the at global models jects or task forces that aim to forces task or improvejects the state of the world innerships water, warming, global reform of the international humanitarian relief, development finance,public-private part stakeholder initiatives on-the-ground action have catalysed with the Edu and UNESCO GEI partnered The has students. and Rwanda. It engages over private organizations, It engages sector 40 Rwanda. and companies and other in and constituents Forum time-limitedcompanies pro corruption, include areas frameworks. Other policy shaped or Fast Track All for cation Initiative partnership these to scale - - - - -

2008 2009 Prime Minister Vladimir Putin of the Russian Federation Russian the of Putin Vladimir Minister Prime the theme: “Shaping the Post-Crisis World”. Post-Crisis the “Shaping theme: the tional In formational, Schwab continued: Schwab Despite the global economic crisis – or perhaps because of it – the the – it of because perhaps or – crisis economic global the Despite institutions, our systems and, unprecedented. Typically, the World Economic Forum had looked Typically, looked had Forum Economic unprecedented. World the beyond the unfolding turmoil in the global economy when it chose chose it when economy global in the turmoil unfolding the beyond was Meeting Annual the at participants of quality the and number riencing is the birth of a new era, a wake-up call to our overhaul awake-up call ofanewera, birth the is riencing he explained. “If explained. he accountability,” and responsibility of degree higher amuch pects are we are “What world. post-crisis the shape also but scope world.” even prosperous more and sustainable our his The Year of Global Crisis attitudes 2009

community opening “This Annual Meeting is part of a global process and – with –with and process aglobal of part is Meeting Annual “This your help – a hopefully significant step in getting the cri the getting in step significant hopefully a – help your People in every corner of the world today ask the question question the ask today world the of corner every in People and deep for catalyst the as act also should 2009 Meeting lost lost their pensions, their homes or their jobs. Those people not only for the global economy but for real people who have by led taken, be could decisions that possible it was how since quite some time. Even if we are still in the midst of the the of midst the in still we are Even if time. some quite since that reforms serious turn could the crisis ultimately into an sis under control and relaunching the economy. The Annual are bewildered, confused, scared and angry. They do not not do They angry. and scared confused, bewildered, are consequences terrible had which incompetence, and greed hope. and direction instil to future the for signposts establish we have to consequences, negative accelerated with crisis overdue were which changes, those enact to opportunity

we

and

address,

can

not

values we we

lay only recognize

the

Klaus

to had

the

fundaments a crisis of unprecedented unprecedented of acrisis to manage

above

Schwab

needs

this

all,

crisis

of

stressed our

a for world

thinking, as

a

more being

which rightly ex rightly which that

stable, more and

really the

to

interna

adjust trans expe - - - - -

2009 2009 “You “You the Annual Meeting, there was a was there Meeting, Annual the governments – three sponsoring Qatar, and Singapore temic to ternational organizations, three providing decades, thousands of Chinese with the opportu In the halls of the Congress Centre, and in all the events the in all during and Centre, Congress of the halls In the for one even governments when in times cooperation public-private for Durin Prize Initiative (GRI), the of Redesign with representatives in asession Forum activities have also offered numerous foreign leaders the the leaders foreign numerous offered have also activities Forum in major the all of leaders the government, or state of heads Forty issued a heartfelt plea for compassion amid the tension and grief: grief: and tension the amid compassion for plea aheartfelt issued place global redesign and to reform community by international the effort concerted and acomprehensive for need the reinforced necessary to avoid breakdown the measures have drastic to take and urgent nity to absorb the latest thinking on leadership and global issues. issues. global and leadership on thinking latest the to absorb nity has systems. Schwab announced just such a programme, the Global Global the aprogramme, such just announced Schwab systems. are God complementarity. of community critical even is collaboration Such system. financial global the of reforms. and cies poli economic Chinese of knowledge first-hand gain to chance celebrate Davos. This Davos.

my been THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY are meant to live in a delicate network of interdependence, interdependence, of network to live in adelicate meant are

laureate

g breakdowns in in children, that children, another.”

th

when the the world’s most influential leaders. We cannot duck our duck cannot We leaders. influential most world’s the of many are here Gathered communities. and families their understand what went wrong, but they are clear that their their that clear are they but wrong, went what understand leaders have let them down. They now look to those leaders – – leaders those to look now They down. them have let leaders mies and institutions. We must hold ourselves accountable accountable ourselves hold We must institutions. and mies responsibility to work together to rebuild shattered econo or others will do it for us.” for it do will others or to damage the repair –to societal and political corporate,

e present d

steps

year 3 among closing 0

and countries

year strong ,

2 to revitalize fou

in Town, Town, Cape of Emeritus Archbishop Many

s

participants. session

China r of of

the you

development political cooperation of working future. The future.

says: and over and really

in today’s foreign today’s

when

manifold the

participation My

belong

The global

Desmond in 1 children, please children,

strong 100

s with coordination Meeting discussions discussions Annual Meeting

most

stoo ways

ministers

economy and in

China.

one

and d poignant

Tutu, the Tutu, investments every

out underlined Please care care family. Please

touching .

The made First

year for the past past the for year

implement

know

moment

organization Nobel prevent sys prevent South Africa, Africa, South , Switzerland.

the th

the need sense and

e that

journey

Foru Peace more

took took joint

you the 272

of m - - - - -

ventures in wrote: Bajaj, Rahul collaboration, fruitful and this lasting Of with India. third “Summer Davos” took place in place took Davos” third “Summer the the Second, the Forum marked the 25th anniversary of its partnership partnership ofits 25th the anniversary marked Forum the Second, Practically every senior Chinese leader has participated in a Forum in aForum participated has leader Chinese senior every Practically Development and Research Commission (NDRC), Commission with well as as Research and Development launching Growth”,launching with members a significant number of Chinese enterprises, including including enterprises, Chinese of number significant a members some that are among the Global Growth Companies celebrated celebrated Companies Growth Global the among are that some address. opening the delivered Jiabao Wen Premier Chinese Chairman of Bajaj Auto, and a loyal friend and member of the Forum, Forum, ofthe member and Auto, friend aloyal of Bajaj and Chairman office or in China whether gathering, at the Annual Meeting of the New Champions. InSeptember, the Champions. New the of Meeting Annual the at Ministry Ministry Secretary-General of the United Nations Ban Ki-moon Ban Nations United the of Secretary-General THE YEAROFGLOBAL CRISIS273

in

“The World Economic Forum and the of Confederation Indian Beijing, Industry (CII) have had a very long and productive relation productive and long (CII) avery have had Industry relationship from its blossom inception. this see to pleasure and privilege the I have had mature. ship. At 25, it is a relationship that is both youthful and and youthful both is that arelationship is it At 25, ship. China of Foreign Affairs, and is proud to count among its its among to count proud is and Affairs, Foreign of the were

Forum conceived

more works

than in

closely

Switzerland. at

1,300 one of the Forum’s the of one events. Dalian

participants. Once participants. with

under

the Today, through Today,

Chinese National

the

theme

again, again, “Re

its - -

2009 2009 Third, the Forum organized its second Summit on the Global Agenda Agenda Global the on Summit second its organized Forum the Third, This important meeting important This vative A key distinctive feature of the Global Agenda Councils is their is Councils Agenda Global of the A key feature distinctive Fourth, the Forum finally succeeded in using its WELCOM its using in succeeded finally Forum the Fourth, in Dubai in November, in Dubai bringing interaction multistakeholder and regional diversity. regional and multistakeholder municate continuously withmunicate various its communities continuously network Global Redesign Initiative. Redesign Global generation and facility for collaboration. for facility and generation in terms unmatched is that ecosystem THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY

and The focus of the India Economic Summit has always been the the been always has Summit Economic India the of focus The Sum Economic India the and Davos at Meetings Annual The World Economic Forum award in 2008.” terrupted ever since. Klaus Schwab presented me with a with me presented Schwab Klaus ever since. terrupted Davos Both society. and economy achanging with deal to with a future potential, but one of the countries. There is There countries. the of one but potential, afuture with future. So, its content and format have constantly evolved evolved have constantly format and content its So, future. fertilization of ideas at the India Economic Summit. Incidentally, I may add that my association with the Annual Annual the with my association that add Imay Incidentally, been has that work untiring and patient the that I believe Summits, organized annually by the Forum and the CII in CII the and Forum by the annually organized Summits, Meeting in Davos started in 1979 and has continued unin continued has and 1979 in started Davos in Meeting Indian the for leadership thought the of A lot Delhi. New Meetings in Davos and especially at the India Economic uttered with vigour at the World Economic Forum Annual Annual Forum Economic World the at vigour with uttered is now the establishment view in India was, and is often, often, is and was, India in view establishment the now is permanent fixtures in my calendar. in my fixtures permanent now an unstoppable momentum taking the forward. country what of Much world. the India’s to window have been mits and the India Economic Summit have been and will remain remain will and have been Summit Economic India the and acountry longer no is India dividends. paying now is century done at the India Economic Summit over the last quarter the from come has industry Indian for also and government and and

knowledgeable and videoconferencing system on alarge on system videoconferencing

networking served served

among experts together as a key intellectual driver for the the for driver akeyas intellectual

them.

on

a of its power of knowledge knowledge of power its of

WELCOM 750 host

of

of world’s most world’s

issues

creates scale to com scale

and

(see box) (see

promote

a

virtual virtual virtual virtual

inno 274 - - - - .

The This partner. astrategic towish become the the from the MySpace and YouTube and MySpace the from Forum, capturing the thoughts of participants and YouTubers and of participants thoughts the capturing Forum, YouTube “citizen as YouTube on Meeting reporters”. Debates Davos The long-hel located atlocated prestigious Roppongi meeting. each at agenda the on key topics havealsoata fixture meetingsof permanent become regional the partner nication strategic and go 100th its welcomed organization The initiatives. and activities around around the world. The in Forum an inaugurated office D

beyond year. Meanwhile, year.

general

Forum networking THE YEAROFGLOBAL CRISIS275 was a record year for the Forum in many other aspects – in – aspects other many in Forum the for year record a was Regional Representation F E D C B A E 6% 4% 31% 20% 35% 4%

and membership development, as well as the number of number the well as as development, membership and methods, d

partner. F practic

Sub-Saharan Africa AfricaMiddle East/North Europe Asia America North Latin America(incl. Caribbean)

communities this public A

techniques. number, there is a waiting list of companies that that number, of companies a waiting is there list e

Because into its the o C

f the

adoptin Forum

staff count rose to over 400 collaborators collaborators to over 400 rose count staff were activities

the

It B launched

g invited

involved

Forum th Hills. Hills. communities to cover the Annual to Annual the cover communities e

through lates

K Onc to has

a Stakeholder Representation M L K J I H G

Davos in

t special e 7% 2% 32% 9% 15% 32% 3% L technolog

firmly over agai

the Government Media Academia International Organization NGO Business Non-business M

two representatives

n use

30

effort demonstratin committed J G

initiatives of y Tokyo, Tokyo,

social and and

to

integrate commu I

Japan, Japan, media to

H over g

not on on it s -

2009 2009 feed Twitter The 22 press conferences held on the sidelines of the Annual Meet Annual the of sidelines the on held conferences press 22 The 120,000 and portal, video With the active engagement of social networks, the Forum is Forum the networks, social of engagement active the With With over one million followers on Twitter, on on followers million overWith one subscribers 10,000 users of millions the of wisdom At the Annual Meeting, the Forum also tapped into the collective into collective the tapped also Forum the Meeting, At Annual the to new audiences in China through Youku.com, through in China China’sto new audiences premier friends, 25,000 Forum has attracted an ever-growing audience on the global social social global the ever-growing on an audience attracted has Forum its its a giving Qik.com and Livestream.com live on were streamed ing its to transform positioned uniquely pictures on Flickr, on pictures 400,000 view the people over month, 100,000 Every networks. sessions. One of these pulses ran for 45 minutes and attracted attracted and minutes 45 for ran pulses these of One sessions. activities. in its partners of global to audience the ask the opportunity panellists questions. adozen live during were conducted polls es”, These users. its of ever, YouTube THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY 2  1 the Economic Forum. World 2009, Meeting Annual Speech, Opening Schwab, Klaus Economic Forum. 2009 Meeting Annual Forum Economic World the on Report

read responses. fans German Chancellor Angela Merkel Angela German Chancellor

social channels and several thousand fans on Facebook, thechannels and several on Facebook, fans thousand at

its and http://t.sina.com.cn/davos.

reports networking

followers also

started on

Scribd.com.

on watch watch

platform

each

to

on microblog its

network

Facebook.

videos ran

The subscribers,

real-time

Forum has reached out out reached has Forum

into

on in

YouTube, Chinese For the For

a

new

polls, , World , World

supporters,

generation

on first

and or “puls Forum’s Forum’s Sina’s Sina’s over over time 276 - -

The Strategic Partners of the World Economic Forum in 2009 2009 in Forum Economic World the of Partners Strategic The • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • HSBC HP Media Burda Hubert Heidrick & Struggles HCL Technologies Sachs Goldman GE Forbes Fluor Corporation Airways Etihad &Young Ernst France) de (Electricité EDF DuPont World Dubai Holding Dubai Group Dogus DHL Post Deutsche Bank Deutsche Deloitte Suisse Credit The Coca-Cola Company Chance Clifford &Rice Dubilier Clayton, Cisco Chevron Inc. CA, BT BP Group Consulting Boston The &Company Booz Bombardier Foundation Gates Bill & Melinda Basic Element Barclays PLC Lynch Merrill America of Bank &Company Bain Company Holding Mumtalakat Bahrain Board Bahrain Economic Development AG AUDI AT&T ArcelorMittal AMD Alcatel-Lucent Agility Systems Adobe Accel Partners Capital Abraaj ABB • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Zurich Financial Services Xenel Group WPP Bank VTB AG Volkswagen Vision 3 VimpelCom Unilever UBS Troika Group Dialog Thomson Reuters Re Swiss Lines Air International Swiss Bank Chartered Standard Limited Group Bank Standard The CapitalSystem Management Group SK Siemens Sberbank Corporation (SABIC) Industries Basic Saudi Consultants Roland Berger Strategy Renault-Nissan Reliance Industries PricewaterhouseCoopers PepsiCo Group Omnicom Euronext NYSE Nomura Holdings Nike News Corporation Nestlé Kuwait of Bank National Group OMX NASDAQ CorporationMicrosoft Group METRO &Co. Merck &Company McKinsey (MMC) Marsh & McLennan Companies Satyam Mahindra Manpower Lenovo Kudelski Group &Co. Roberts Kravis Kohlberg KPMG &Co Chase JPMorgan Investor Intel Corporation Infosys Technologies Inc. IHS

2009 2010 French President Nicolas President French Everybody’s Everybody’s areport, To published Forum the GRI, the up wind in 2009 Initiative (GRI) launched Redesign been had Global The work of Global Agenda Councils work – of Councils Agenda Global together with top policy-makers world’s the to was bring network the of (RRN).work purpose The the G8.” But presciently, the Forum warned that “there is a risk this this a risk is “there that G8.” presciently,the warned But Forum the to the due goodwill “it as considerable enjoys cooperation” tional in interna forward leaps systemic mobilizing for mechanism tential po best community’s international the represents G20 “the that the governments of Qatar, Singapore, Switzerland and Tanzania. and Switzerland Qatar, of governments Singapore, the In November, at the Summit on the Global Agenda in Dubai, the in Dubai, Agenda In November, Global the on Summit the at In April, more than 450 participants from 60 countries met in Doha, in Doha, met countries 60 from participants 450 than more In April, foremost thought leaders – including members of the Forum’s Net Forum announced that it was launching the Risk Response Net Response Risk the launching was it that announced Forum Redesign Summit. The purpose of the meeting was to discuss to was discuss meeting the of purpose The Summit. Redesign international cooperation. Among the conclusions of the study was was study the of conclusions the Among cooperation. international manage issues, to address capacity community’s international world. the of state the improving for leaders society civil and ic mechanisms of mechanisms and governance global explore ways to the bolster academ government, business, 1,500 than more from proposals success of its crisis-response measures and greater diversity than than diversity greater and measures crisis-response of its success G20’s] ongoing purpose and relationship with the United Nations Nations United with the G20’s] relationship and purpose ongoing Global the – gathering Forum Economic World unique a Qatar,at and decision-makers to shape and implement viable solutions to solutions viable implement and to shape decision-makers and and international specialized organizations are soon.”not clarified G192 [the if so-called the of rest the among will dissipate goodwill initiative of the included Patrons to crises. respond and challenges and institutions the examine to Forum’scommunities the across Business: Strengthening International Cooperation in a More Inter Cooperation International Strengthening Business: dependent World dependent Strengthening Cooperation Strengthening Cooperation 2010 is Everybody’s Business , which presented 58 proposals for strengthening strengthening for proposals 58 presented which , ------

2010 2010 vention and mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery recovery and response, preparedness, mitigation, and vention While only in its third year, the Global Agenda Summit had already already had Summit third Agenda in year, its only While Global the finest minds at the Summit, setting in motion a new global agenda.” global new a motion in setting Summit, the at minds finest by world’s the evaluated will be world’s the challenges pressing challenges,” global address to have effectively that potential the strategies action and policies ground-breaking for direction the meetings other the and later months just in Davos to take place Government. of School Blavatnik Oxford’s of dean inaugural the levels,” macro and micro the Klaus at resilience risk to increase the challenges faced by leaders around the world who struggle to struggle who world the around by leaders faced challenges the Schwab told participants in the closing session of the Summit. “It the of session closing in the participants told Schwab Meanwhile, the Forum’s regional meetings again brought into focus into focus brought again Forum’s the Meanwhile, meetings regional for State of Minister UAE Gergawi, Al Mohammed Excellency His “We Forum’s Board. Economic World the of Foundation Member to improve needed are partnerships and networks effective More become soon would who University, Oxford at Economy Political ities. This is especially difficult to do in situations where politics politics where situations in do to difficult especially is This ities. in resilience risk to strengthen purpose: with a movement is aclear balance their global, regional and national domestic responsibil domestic national and regional global, their balance Forum’s Economic event World in the proven calen acrucial to be success.” early an be if network, we exchanging views start this on could practices, best glob reduce and system international in the trust public build mobilization aglobal “We have started challenges. global major should focus on how to involve the business community. With this this With community. to how involve on business the focus should Greater international cooperation would be an important way to important an be would cooperation international Greater Cabinet Affairs, said. “From poverty alleviation to climate change to change climate alleviation “From said. poverty Affairs, Cabinet are volatile and there is social unrest. social is there and volatile are energy & waterconcerns, to use efficiency womenempowerment, sets Agenda year. Global the on coming the Summit during “The discussions the of course the plots that brainstorming global a – dar a and in Japan Keio at University Institute Research Security al Heizo Takenaka, reckoned Glob the of rehabilitation, and Director pre risk on focus would RRN The explained. she collaboration, stakeholder and ofinformation, use and quality the cooperation, ofInternational Professor Woods, Ngaire said opportunities,” and risks of array with adizzying to deal needs world “The risks. al of much greater togetherness.” in aworld volatility higher by much characterized is which a world THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY

280 - - - - - view of the competitiveness of the European Union (EU), Union European the of abiennial competitiveness the of view to examine the strategy of Africa for today to ensure that there is is there that ensure to today for Africa of strategy the examine to the far-reaching goals of the Lisbon Strategy of economic and economic of Strategy Lisbon the of far-reachingthe goals tries, candidate members and prospective members in meeting continent’s the transformed that movement independence the es in Dar Africa on Forum Economic World 20th in the ticipated In advance of the World Economic Forum on Europe in Brussels, Europe in Brussels, on Forum Economic World ofthe In advance Salaam in early May – the first time the Africa meeting was held held was meeting Africa the time first the – May early in Salaam Nearly 1,000 business, government and civil society leaders par leaders society civil and government business, 1,000 Nearly Belgium, Re in Belgium, May,Lisbon and final its fifth the published Forum in East Africa. The occasion marked 50 years since the start of start the since years 50 marked occasion The Africa. in East unveiled a rescue package to support the euro in the wake in euro the the the of to support package unveiled arescue meeting, European Commission President José Manuel Barroso Barroso Manuel José President Commission European meeting, today. world the We facing is will that have opportunity the bility structural reforms. The conclusion: the EU failed to achieve its aim aim to achieve its EU the failed conclusion: The reforms. structural by EU coun made progress the assessed that reports of series a tomorrow.” better Rethinking Africa’s Strate Rethinking theme the Growth under event held was the Kikwete, Jakaya by President Hosted landscape. geopolitical of becoming the world’s most competitive region. At Europe the region. world’s competitive the most becoming of insta economic the growing despite “Africa been opening. has gy . “Africa is a continent full of potential,” Kikwete said before the the before . “Africa ofpotential,” said full Kikwete acontinent is STRENGTHENING COOPERATION ISEVERYBODY’S BUSINESS281 The srategic concept of the World Economic Forum Convening place multistakeholder organization the State of Improving the World Global Knowledge generating interaction - - - - -

2010 2010 with the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology. and of Ministers Science of Ministry Chinese with the two months, vowing to keep the nation and its economy mov economy its vowing and to nation the keep months, two to discuss driving forward the global agenda on innovation and and innovation on agenda global the forward driving to discuss In September, at the Annual Meeting of the New Champions in Tian Champions New of the Meeting In September, Annual the at Minh Chi in Ho Asia East on Forum Economic World the at In June, Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva spoke forcefully about the politi the about Vejjajiva forcefully spoke Abhisit Minister Prime “We will markets. global disrupting was that crisis debt European ing forward. Also at the meeting, 12 global companies joined the the joined companies 12 global meeting, the at Also forward. ing rial Meeting on Innovation and Sustainable Growth in partnership in partnership Growth Sustainable and Innovation on Meeting rial jin, China, the World its Forum Economic hosted first-everMiniste farmers. benefit and production force by Initiative, Forum’s the task the Agriculture for Vision New sustainable growth. sustainable resources, natural climate, environment, technology, and science City – the first Forum regional meeting in Vietnam – Thailand’s – Vietnam in meeting regional Forum first the – City ers from business and international organizations and experts experts and organizations international and business from ers lead joined development resource human and energy, economy high-quality to increase agriculture in investments coordinates Developed country. in the growth agricultural sustainable advance to force task apublic-private to launch Vietnam of government previous in the country his roiled had that protests social and cal do anything to defend the euro,” Barroso said. euro,” the said. to defend Barroso anything do Forum on East Asia in Ho Chi Minh City Minh Chi Ho in Asia East on Forum Economic World the during Thailand of Minister (right) Prime Vejjajiva Abhisit THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY

282 - - - - - vironmentally-friendly products will lead the future market, as well market, well as future the will lead products vironmentally-friendly would start in , the Forum convened the World Economic in Tunisia, Economic World the convened start would Forum the the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Founding Partners of the the of Partners Founding and Foundation Gates &Melinda Bill the with a fast-growing in a region drive growth and gap gender the demonstrations Spring wave the Arab of before months two than en and Energy-saving development. social and economic tainable sus promote help can progress technological and scientific that States from 1993 to 2001, announced a joint initiative among the the initiative a joint among 1993 to announced 2001, from States Forum, the Clinton Global Initiative and the United Nations for the the for Nations United the Initiative and Global Clinton the Forum, Earlier, at the Annual Meeting, Bill and Melinda Gates, Co-Chairs of of Co-Chairs Gates, Melinda and Bill Meeting, Earlier, Annual the at close employment, youth ways to on boost focused Participants Morocco. in Marrakech, Africa North and East Middle the on Forum not an option, but the critical challenge lies in ensuring coherent coherent in ensuring lies challenge critical the but option, an not reconstruction of Haiti following the severe earthquake that had had that severe earthquake the following Haiti of reconstruction over 10 children 8million nization), to vaccinate billion US$ pledged more demanding middle class. struck the Caribbean nation just days before participants gathered gathered participants before days just nation Caribbean the struck GAVI Alliance (formerly the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immu and Vaccines for Alliance Global the (formerly GAVI Alliance emphasized Wan Gang Minister Technology China’s and Science over the Bill next decade. Clinton, who was president of the United of implementation and green Instrategies. October,efficient less amust, is green Going reckoned. he innovation, technological as STRENGTHENING COOPERATION ISEVERYBODY’S BUSINESS283 ICICI Bank, India Bank, ICICI officer, Executive Chief and Director Managing Kochhar, Chanda - - -

2010 2010 “Thirty-one million Brazilians have joined the middle class and 20 20 and class middle the have Brazilians joined million “Thirty-one The recipe would focus on “broadening opportunities, increasing increasing opportunities, “broadening on focus would recipe The Amorim, which offered an overview of the accomplishments of his ofhis accomplishments ofthe overview an offered which Amorim, first Global Statesmanship Award at a ceremony in Davos. “This Davos. in ceremony a at Award Statesmanship Global first In September, the International of the Atlantic the of Board Advisory In September, International the In his speech to accept the award, Schwab said: award, the Schwab to accept speech In his Lula noted. “I would like to stress that the best policy for devel for policy best the “I like that noted. would Lula to stress the accepted Amorim Celso Relations Foreign of Minister Brazilian ing the World Economic Forum on its 40th anniversary. The prize The anniversary. 40th its on Forum Economic World the ing Silva, da Lula Luiz Inácio President of behalf On in Davos-Klosters. pianist . Lang pianist Citizen Award, honour Global inaugural with its Schwab Klaus means It relationships. and mentalities changing “It means said. he productivity, expanding markets and strengthening the economy,” poor.” or rich it be world, the of to any part by applicable is Brazil year, out, last also is it we found that And peace. for recipes best period, in that poverty” ofabsolute out lifted havemillion been the on player active and present increasingly an as responsibility recognized Schwab for his leadership in facilitating international international in facilitating leadership his for Schwab recognized seven years earlier.seven years Council, a global affairs think tank in Washington DC, presented presented DC, in Washington think tank affairs aglobal Council, dinner in New York featured a performance by celebrated Chinese Chinese by celebrated York in New aperformance dinner featured awards The world. secure and stable to a more create cooperation citizenship.” and jobs of factories creating learned lesson “This crises.” added: He against shield a powerful opment is the poverty,”fightagainst he said. “Itis alsoone of the administration since he inhad first participated an AnnualMeeting scene,”global Lula da Silva said in a text prepared read by Minister aleader, my as country’s and my responsibility award increases THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY “Today, the interdependence characterized by our global togetherness requires true global citizenship. However, we citizenship. global true requires togetherness the creation of more productive and collaborative systems

of cooperation, whichof cooperation, all engage stakeholders of society. establishment of a global government, but rather through the through achieved be not certainly will this that know all

284 - -

STRENGTHENING COOPERATION ISEVERYBODY’S BUSINESS285 Angel Gurria, Secretary-General of the OECD with Klaus Schwab Klaus with OECD the of Secretary-General Gurria, Angel 1 AtlanticCouncilAward2010.pdf -http://www.weforum.org/pdf/ACA/ 2010 September 23 Forum, Economic Award”, World Citizen Global Council “Atlantic Schwab, Klaus three levels of identities that we will create the conditions conditions the create we will that identities of levels three tality is particularly crucial since, unlike local and national national and local unlike since, crucial particularly is tality duties: and rights of levels integrated but distinct three for a more peaceful, prosperous and sustainable future. sustainable and prosperous peaceful, a more for In this context, the development of a global citizenship men citizenship aglobal of development the context, this In

Let me be clear. I am not suggesting that we replace our our we replace that suggesting clear. not be Iam me Let local – national – global. It is only by encompassing these these by encompassing only is It –global. –national local accept to is 21st century the in citizens for necessary is What one. aglobal with citizenships national and local levels where legal frameworks are usually in place, it must must it place, in usually are frameworks legal where levels rely much more on an inner sense of duty.” of sense inner an on more much rely 1 -

2010 2011 Selfie with the Global Shapers Global the with Selfie “Shared Norms for the New Reality” to take stock of the past three three past ofthe to take stock Reality” New the for Norms “Shared to inspire and inspired to be “As aShaper, Ihave opportunity the The Shapers and their collaborative initiatives exemplify how,in exemplify initiatives collaborative their and Shapers The together brings hubs city local ofself-organizing network This values. ‘It’s more than just talented individuals, it’s a family who who it’s afamily individuals, ‘It’s talented just values. than more years and the aftermath of the crisis, and to consider how to master to how master to consider and crisis, ofthe aftermath the and years Shaper, aGlobal being of part best the to choose me asked you With the global economy still recovering from the Great Recession, Recession, Great the from recovering still economy global the With work for the world’s young business, government and civil society society civil and government world’s the for work business, young Annual Meeting participants gathered in Davos under the theme theme the under in Davos gathered participants Meeting Annual the Annual Meeting of the New Champions in September. Champions New the of Meeting Annual the the heightened level of uncertainty and risk. “We are at a turning aturning “We at are risk. and level uncertainty of heightened the By Shapers. 4,000 than more and hubs were 355 there years, three 400 hubs in almost 160 countries, with a 1,900-strong network network with a1,900-strong 160 countries, in almost hubs 400 Sena of the Santo Domingo Hub said of the Shapers Community. Community. Shapers the of said Hub Domingo Santo the of Sena 2020, the community had grown to nearly 9,000 Shapers in over Shapers 9,000 grown to nearly had community the 2020, Nestlé, Switzerland, speaking at Nestlé, Switzerland, speaking a on press the conference firstday. an always been has leaders emerging and people young Engaging it’s not any of the fancy stuff. It’s people.” stuff. the it’s fancy any the of not firmly Having activities. Forum Economic World of part important leaders, the Forum launched the Community of Global Shapers at at Shapers Global of Community the launched Forum the leaders, point,” of Paul Bulcke, Chief reckoned Co-Chair Executive Officer Hub: “If Francisco San the of Reed Mariel rewarded.” Concluded in soci roles leadership for potential demonstrated have already sacrifices time, effort and resources to make a better world,” Luis Luis world,” better a make to resources and effort time, sacrifices others others to our shape actively environment to without expecting be ofcommon in search and aspirations with shared together coming are people young world, post-crisis complex more and volatile a alumni/ae.of Within initiatives. and projects hub their pursuing while activities, events and into Forum all integrated have fully Shapers ety. Global in emerging leaders their 20s – new to champions, be sure – who net premier the as Leaders Young of Forum the Global established 2011 Global Shapers Global - -

2011 2011 “There is growth in the world. We have to ‘go forward’ to . We have world. in the to to ‘go basics. growth is “There forward’ The role of economies has always been to create value for society society for to value create always been has ofeconomies role The At the Annual Meeting, the World Economic Forum launched the the launched Forum Economic World the Meeting, At Annual the to make the case for optimism, for confidence in our future,” the our in confidence for optimism, for case the make to unrest. political and social and poverty to increased lead they can the of members permanent the of all where Meeting, Annual the to we if fail nothing for will be further economy world the to develop freshly the of Hall Congress enlarged in the participants to 2,500 address opening Inan mechanism. acooperative such for need the that his country and Germany would never permit the euro to euro the col never permit would Germany and country his that Irish Republic and particularly Greece under severe stress. “I want severe stress. under Greece particularly and Republic Irish for for the first timehost the WorldForum on Economic EastAsia later Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono of Indonesia, the world’s the third Yudhoyono largest Indonesia, of Bambang Susilo Board of Mitsubishi Corporation of Japan: “Many things separate separate “Many things Japan: of Corporation Mitsubishi of Board Davos participants, President Nicolas Sarkozy of France declared declared France of Sarkozy Nicolas President participants, Davos problems, these overcome “We can participants. told leader British a for called Kingdom United the of Cameron David Minister Prime at government or ofstate ofover heads one was 35 Medvedev warning: “All astark efforts issued our Medvedev Dmitry President – Network Risk a Response for framework the practical internation in the year, warned of increasing food and energy prices and how how and prices energy and food year,in the increasing of warned us but we have to unite as global citizens to address issues that that issues we citizens have but us to to address unite global as lapse. He reminded participants that and and integration European that participants reminded He lapse. risk of another financial crisis. financial another of risk Chancellor the Merkel, Angela Meanwhile, decades. six than more own worst our We have been direction. of achange need we do but Federation Russian Centre, Congress expanded and renovated G20 were represented at the ministerial level or higher. level or ministerial the at were President represented G20 of Germany, cautioned against complacency in the face of the high high the of face in the complacency against Germany,of cautioned for continent the on stability and peace ensured had cooperation enemy, within is to to power us change.” the but In his address the Spain, France, including countries with several dealing and crisis global the from in Europe, reeling still ofdirection change would which nation, Muslim-majority biggest the and democracy altogether these evils which are the greatest danger to mankind.”” terrorism, defeat extremism and if intolerance, we fail to eradicate underscored Airport Moscow’s Domodedovo on attack a terrorist before, days Just management. risk to improve global community al to come.” generations for but now for only not important are Yorihiko the of Kojima, Co-Chair Chairman large.”at fellow Added THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY

288 - - The continuing challenge of addressing the economic and social social and economic the addressing of challenge continuing The That is the spirit in which China is addressing these challenges.” these addressing is China in which spirit the is That Wen also vowed that China would continue to provide aid and hu and aid to provide continue would China vowed that Wen also warned that political leaders had to build a new consensus across across consensus anew to build had leaders political that warned At the Annual Meeting in Davos, , Prime Minister of Japan, Japan, of Minister Prime Kan, Naoto in Davos, Meeting At Annual the the private sector, he argued, but should focus instead on creating creating on instead focus should but sector, private the argued, he technological innovation,technological climate change and trade liberalization. to ongoing responses new spurred had crisis the how to out lay tember, at AnnualMeeting the offifth theNew Champions in Dalian, to employment create companies allow would that conditions the In an important speech that presaged the growing rise of pop of growing rise the presaged that speech important In an face unprecedented challenges,” he unprecedented explained. face “The international facilitate and to Therefore, the support. firstobligationis thatgov in grappling with global problems, emphasizing the challenges of of challenges the emphasizing problems, with global in grappling ulism and nationalism, Thailand’s Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva Abhisit Minister Thailand’s Prime nationalism, and ulism ruled. We’re all partners now.” The state should not intervene in now.” intervene We’re not ruled. should state partners all The his country to the world. He said Japan would aim to take the lead aim to take would lead the Japan said He to world. the country his the forget not “We must countries. to African assistance manitarian sustainable to strong, contribution new our will “This be meeting. Davos” “Summer the at gathered leaders society civil and nology quality better term, achieve longer China’sbelieve can economy year. the throughout InSep agenda global the on issue pressing jobs.” and to have have opportunities skills the people well as wealth create not do governments that recognize must Other countries also used the World Economic Forum platform platform Forum Economic World the used also countries Other it what do would China that pledged Wen Jiabao Premier Chinese develop. “The new contract has to move beyond the rulers and the the and rulers the to move has beyond contract new “The develop. should societies and economies their how about stakeholders all outlined a new diplomatic approach, aimed at further opening up opening further at aimed approach, diplomatic anew outlined challenges. social and economic global and regional domestic, crisis. the in tackling solidarity of spirit in the work must community from most the incrisis and thecountries that difficulties suffered growth.” global tech government, industry, growth,” 1,500 than more Wen told stability. “I and recovery economic to global to contribute could most the be would recession by global wreaked the destruction development, providing education and healthcare to make sure resource human means That opportunities. create must ernments sector,” private the to is as do governments “What Abhisit. said contract new social “The makeand for their shareholders. profits GLOBAL SHAPERS289 - - - - -

2011 2011 The World Economic Forum continued its efforts to be transparent transparent to be efforts its continued Forum Economic World The country. the Tahrir across and Square will be a huge popular backlash”. Economic popular InOctober, World the ahuge will be plants. power nuclear its out to phase to decide Japan lead would webcast. The Forum compiled a list of 400 participants as well as well as as participants of400 alist compiled Forum The webcast. alive view could world in the anywhere people which on website, , who had been released from house arrest in arrest house from released Kyi, been Suu had who San Aung At the opening plenary session, some of the questions posed to posed questions of the some session, plenary At opening the that seemed to be sweeping through the Maghreb region. By the the By region. Maghreb the through sweeping to be seemed that as government, the of to fall the lead would there protests the to pro possible as far as skills and opportunities particular their It in damage. dollars of billions of tens and deaths 18,000 than In a speech former British prime minister Tony minister prime British former Blair, Middle UN In aspeech Nobel participants, Meeting to Annual speech recorded audio In an Russian President Medvedev were submitted through the Forum Forum the through were submitted Medvedev President Russian Job and Growth Economic on Meeting Special the convened Forum ordi “unless that participants told Representative, Quartet East use “to in Davos gathered leaders 2010, world asked November Daw leader pro-democracy and Prize laureate Peace by hit later, asevere earth be would months two than Japan Less Egypt was also a focus of attention, with discussions on whether whether on with discussions attention, of afocus also was Egypt protest movements in the Middle East and North Africa. North and East Middle in the movements protest journalists active on the microblogging service Twitter. service Forum The microblogging the on active journalists have that be networks social of range the of use to make full made there years, three next the over progress tangible see people nary pants debated the broader implications of the “Jasmine Revolution” Partici in Tunisia Meeting. to Annual happened the prior had days happier world”. towards asafer, make own their contribution able be inmay turn mote national reconciliation, genuine , human in more resulted disaster The in Fukushima. facility power nuclear second week of February, Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak had had Mubarak Hosni President Egyptian February, of week second stepped down instepped from theoffice face of in demonstrations Cairo’s Creation in the Arab World to address the issues arising from the the from arising issues the to address World Arab in the Creation a wider audience and include the general public in the discussions. discussions. in the public general the include and audience a wider Forum’s the all to opening activities for channel important an come were efforts Special possible. as much as public the to include and people our that so in Burma, growth economic and development toquake,damage a which and significant tsunamis would trigger THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY

290 - - - - - The use of social media to broadcast Forum events and activities activities events and Forum to broadcast media social of use The Tube and Facebook. All press conferences and key plenary ses key and plenary conferences press All Tube Facebook. and You Livestream, on apresence established already had Forum The The Forum launched a World Economic Forum application for iP for application Forum Economic aWorld launched Forum The version of the app, which offered users up-to-date meeting pro meeting up-to-date users app, of the which offered version tent had potential reach of 680 million people, this was more than than more this was people, million 680 of reach potential tent had documents. the were made meeting the at published role.) reports same the Forum ofthe Corner. Meeting (At Media Annual the Social in the ticipants initi Debates Davos the of part As Twitterthrough Facebook. and from Canada to Davos to participate in a panel and interview par interview and in apanel to to participate Davos Canada from SchwabFound, @TechPioneers and @YGLVoices. @TechPioneers and SchwabFound, Facebook page. In selected sessions, the Forum tapped into the tapped Forum the sessions, Inselected page. Facebook Forum’s the on were streamed with participants interviews Live Youku,filled with partnership in run competition, Debates Davos Summer the of winner Gao, Ming blogger video Champions, New itself adopted the @WEF and @Davos Twitter @WEF the @Davos commu and Forum adopted IDs. itself in 2019 from 275 shares is 1.3 is people. billion shares 275 in 2019 from nities also established their presence in the “Twitter-verse”in the presence their established also nities - @ pensable tool at the Annual Meeting and all other Forum events. Forum other all and Meeting Annual the at tool pensable Twitter,– YouTube output Blog, media participant Flickr.A and hone and Android available smartphones to anyone through the discussions. into panel the back views were fed Their minutes. pulses, quick polls The pulses on allowed Facebook. the opinion conferences press at to panellists the directly questions pose sions were carried live on Livestream. Anyone in the world could could world in the Anyone Livestream. live on were carried sions double the 2017 reach of 317 million people. The estimated reach reach estimated The 317 of 2017 the reach people. million double con digital combined our 2018 In decade. next the over explode indis an become has real-time information, other and grammes Forum’s ofthe all integrated social application The stores. app of use the through population online the of wisdom collective link embed to or download, could users where Scribd, on available Ahmed Shawn blogger video 29-year-old invited ative, Forum the and to carry on the debates and discussion in cyberspace would would in cyberspace discussion and debates the on to carry and of in a matter captured to be users Facebook thousand several of GLOBAL SHAPERS291 ------

2011 2012 A full house A full The Annual Meeting theme, “The Great Transformation: Great Shaping “The theme, Meeting Annual The were in the throes of profound social and political change, the change, political and social profound of were throes in the Against this complex risk landscape, the World Economic Forum Forum Economic World the landscape, risk complex this Against terms, arguing that widening income inequality and high unem high and inequality income widening that arguing terms, “If plenary. closing in the remarked Schwab Klaus needs,” to social “We employed. gainfully be can in particular people young so them in the to be seemed world the America, ofLatin the In a session on the future of capitalism, Australian labour leader leader labour Australian capitalism, of future the on In asession Sharan Burrow, General Secretary of the International Trade International the of Union Secretary Burrow, General Sharan From Eastern before. year the erupted war having civil Syrian Europe to the South China Sea, from the Korean Peninsula to Peninsula Korean the from Sea, China to South Europe the Forum’s The world. to the of improveEconomic state the mission World the and times ofthe Models”, tempo New the captured aptly lingering impact of the global financial crisis continued to roil to continued crisis financial global the of impact lingering business is not serving society, then business is not sustainable.” not is business then society, serving not is business responsive more market much free the and have to make capitalism on pants findingfocused new ofmodels growth and govern global midst of unfathomable transformations, with nations and regions sluggish. remained Japan and Europe US, in the Growth markets. Confederation (ITUC) in Brussels, framed the challenge in stark in stark challenge the framed (ITUC) in Brussels, Confederation (MENA), Africa meanwhile, North and East Middle in the Countries ance. At the top of the agenda: jobs – and how to create enough of of enough create to how and – jobs agenda: the of top the At ance. partici debates, Instrenuous Meeting. Annual 42nd its convened comprehension. defied that effects interconnected with but directions different in going The Great Transformations: Great The 2012 Reshaping World the “Capitalism, in its current form, no longer fits the world world the fits longer no form, current its in “Capitalism, needed and it must start with reinstating a global sense of of sense a global reinstating with start must it and needed urgently is transformation Aglobal 2009. of crisis nancial social responsibility.” social around us. We have failed to learn the lessons from the fi 1 - - - -

2012 2012 “has lost its moral compass”, she reckoned. “We must redesign redesign “We must compass”, reckoned. moral she its “has lost The Global Shapers – exceptional emerging leaders in their 20s – 20s their in leaders emerging exceptional – Shapers Global The The challenge of addressing the aspirations of young people was was people young of aspirations the addressing of challenge The world that is more compassionate, more gentle, more caring”. more gentle, more Tutu compassionate, more is that world to “dream and a of history” is poverty and more no war is where To fair, is added. focus he capitalism that ensure jobs, and wealth to fail.” will system continue the down withworkers sit governments, the capitalist system has failed society. The society. business failed has system community capitalist the the stage about 70 members of the Shapers. Nobel Peace Prize Peace Nobel Shapers. of the 70 members about stage the and employers Unless greed. the it. Stop reset We must model. the that his country would draft a constitution that would guarantee guarantee would that aconstitution draft would country his that In another session on corporate global citizenship, , Kleinfeld, citizenship, Klaus global corporate on session In another , an independent judiciary and an end to dis end an and judiciary independent an press, the of freedom ways to reduce devise any others”. ofthe not do for Businesses He encouraged them to “go them God’s aworld of dreaming dream on encouraged He of the Director Managing and Co-Founder Rubenstein, M. David laureate and the Archbishop of Cape Town Cape of to Des 1996, 1986 Archbishop from the and laureate they citizens in reality when corporate good to be pretend longer had broken. Tunisia’shad vowed minister, prime new Jebali, Hammadi Spring Arab the after a year than more region, MENA in the ments organization an Tutu, M. Elders, mond The of Chair then was who con youth addressing of importance the underscored presence Their time. first the for Meeting Annual Davos the in participated no can businesses that is – week a days seven and day a hours 24 beyond – media news always-on and Internet the by possible advised. creativity, Rubenstein and innovation promoting that indication an are people, young among especially ployment, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Alcoa, USA, explained that that explained USA, Alcoa, Officer, Chief Executive and Chairman manager, asset global and firm private-equity a Group, Carlyle crimination by religion, language or gender. Later in the year at the the at year in the gender. or Later language by religion, crimination develop rapid the on in Davos discussions the of part a major it!” for Go reality. a – dream God’s – dream my make to you but one Ihave that no saying is “God cheered: and gave his blessing them group. the among stood world, the around from statesmen elder of to welcomed Schwab session, opening ofthe At end the cerns. a “25/8 made world” called he in what of living a consequence and investing in education regulations, laws and improving on except system economic worst the be may Capitalism compass. moral its lost not has community business “the that countered are not. “You will be quickly found out,” not.are “You found warned. he quickly will be THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY

294 - - - - That same month, at the Summit on the Global Agenda in Dubai, in Dubai, Agenda Global the on Summit the at month, same That dis Yoshihiko Minister apanel Prime told Tokyo, Noda Japanese from leader government only the not was president Mexican The World Economic Forum on the Middle East, North Africa and Eurasia, Eurasia, and Africa North East, Middle the on Forum Economic World working with South Korea and India to reduce the risk of the crisis crisis the of risk the to reduce India and Korea with South working from by videolink Interviewed Meeting. Annual the during woes As she had done at the Annual Meeting the year before, Daw Aung Aung Daw before, year the Meeting Annual the at done had she As Asia Asia meeting was held in Bangkok for the first time, while the World time videotaped, asking them to support Myanmar’s efforts to Myanmar’s efforts to them support asking videotaped, time political that underscored which reports, two released Forum the the Forum hosted the inaugural Meeting of Leaders of Regional Regional of Leaders of Meeting inaugural the hosted Forum the and Africa North East, Middle the on Forum Economic World first East The organization’scoverage. the expanding places, new to future.” in the action taking In its regional meetings, the Forum and its constituents ventured ventured constituents its and Forum the meetings, regional In its San Suu Kyi again delivered an address to Davos participants, this this to participants, Davos address an Kyi delivered Suu again San Europe. “Japan stands ready to support the Eurozone the as much Europe. as “Japan to support ready stands Forum on India convened in the city of Gurgaon – a financial and and financial a – Gurgaon of city the in convened India on Forum InNovember, Economic in Istanbul. World the Eurasia held was . The Ababa, in Addis place took Africa on Forum Economic presi G20 the held which Mexico, of Calderón Felipe President industrial centre in the state of Haryana, south-west of New Delhi. Delhi. New of south-west Haryana, of state in the centre industrial Eurozone up on to set calling countries crisis, debt of its impact Prize Peace Nobel The Asia. East on Forum Economic World in the to participate Thailand, to Bangkok, travelled she when in 24 years laureate joined the meeting for all three days, both as a speaker aspeaker as both days, three all for meeting the joined laureate possible,” he said. he possible,” region’s unemployment. youth of problem chronic plainly, he recalled Mexico’s own meltdown nearly a decade earlier earlier decade a nearly meltdown own Mexico’s recalled he plainly, spreading to Asia, and his country would do what it could to help to help could it what do would country his and to Asia, spreading Organizations, to a strengthen platform global governance through and economic reform is needed in the Middle East to address the the to address East Middle in the needed is reform economic and cooperation among regional among cooperation multilateral institutions. In Decem wasalready day. of the Japan that risk major said the as crisis Noda Europe’s viewed Japan that debt by NHK, hosted risk, on cussion EU’s the about financial concern deep Europe to express outside than “Taking cheaper much is now advice: this action offered and Speaking contagion. any stem to firewall financial effective an global the of Europe warned He participants. dency, addressed to discussion. the contributing and listening aparticipant as and democratize. Suu Kyi would make her first tripheroutside country THE GREAT TRANSFORMATIONS: RESHAPINGTHEWORLD 295 - - -

2012 2012 “We are not going to become faint of heart. But we will not be able able we be will not But heart. of faint to become going “We not are The flagging competitiveness of many European economies, amid amid economies, European many of competitiveness flagging The Villa Madama, an Italian government site built in the Renaissance. Renaissance. in the site built government Italian an Madama, Villa Advantage Competitive the “Redefining theme the on Vietnam, Annual Meeting in Davos. “There is a clear lack of political struc ofpolitical lack aclear is “There in Davos. Meeting Annual the southern economies. The debt crisis is exacerbating this gap.” this exacerbating is crisis debt The economies. southern the tures and underpinnings to make this work,” Merkel acknowledged. to make this work,” underpinnings acknowledged. Merkel and tures German of focus the EU unity, on severe been ting strains had Italy told participants that “Europe has ceased to be a machine amachine to be ceased “Europe that has participants told Italy day, of the of Monti end the at Mario Minister In remarks Prime for economic convergence. The competitiveness performances Earlier, the Forum held a meeting on European competitiveness in in competitiveness European on ameeting Earlier, held Forum the mounting andmounting deficits thesovereign debt crisis thathadbeenput Europe of and northern economies the exporting between dynamic in Hanoi, workshop ber, ahalf-day country organized Forum the Chancellor Angela Merkel’s address at the opening plenary of the ofthe plenary opening Merkel’s the at Angela address Chancellor of member states are diverging. There is a competitiveness gap gap acompetitiveness is There diverging. are states member of Resilience”. Risk through Greater of Vietnam “Do we dare to have more ‘Europe’?” have to more we dare “Do THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY Executive Officer Royal Dutch Shell Dutch Royal Officer Executive Chief Voser Peter and Facebook Officer Operating Chief Sandberg Sheryl

296 - - ‘Europe’? In the year 2012, yes, we do dare.” we‘Europe’? 2012, do year yes, Inthe we have to do something about these weaknesses.” Concluded At the Davos Annual Meeting, the World Economic Forum launched launched Forum Economic World the Meeting, Annual At Davos the fiscal and political union. Europe would prevail, he maintained, maintained, he prevail, would Europe union. political and fiscal the German leader: “The question is: Do we to dare have is: Do more question “The leader: German the Yet in time this. point to to some wave address at wand amagic Shortly after the Rome meeting, the Forum published a book by abook published Forum the meeting, Rome the after Shortly pendence of all organizations in combating cyber-risks and their their cyber-risks and in combating organizations all of pendence interde the recognized who companies of executives chief by publishing ronmental change. strong and stock capital human high of strengths core its because – Schwab Klaus an initiative to improve global resilience to major cyber-risks. In cyber-risks. to major resilience initiative toan improve global envi and social economic, sustainable will underpin governance inevitable through goes Europe as period transition apainful dicted lines THE GREAT TRANSFORMATIONS: RESHAPINGTHEWORLD Minister of the United Kingdom United the of Minister Prime Brown, Gordon and Africa South of President Zuma, Jacob Ethiopia; of President Zenawi, Meles Nigeria; of Finance of Minister Okonjo-Iweala, Ngozi Cyber-resilience , the Forum put forward a set of shared principles, endorsed endorsed principles, shared of aset forward put Forum , the Partnering for Cyber Resilience – Principles and Guide and –Principles Resilience for Cyber Partnering The Re-emergence of Europe Re-emergence The . In it, pre Schwab 297 - - - -

2012 2012 “These are tough economic times, but that is no excuse for cutting cutting for excuse no is that but times, economic tough are “These with Deloitte LLP acting as Project Advisers. The initiative aimed initiative aimed The Advisers. Project as acting LLP with Deloitte we invest our money every year.” every we money invest our Also at Davos, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation renewed its its renewed Foundation Gates &Melinda Bill the Davos, at Also to provide a common framework for leaders to align individual ac individual to align leaders for framework acommon to provide tions for collective good. CEOs who signed the “Commitment to “Commitment the signed who CEOs good. collective for tions Foundation. “The Global Fund is one of the most effective ways effective most the of Fund one is Global “The Foundation. ia, announcing that it would contribute US$ 750 million through through million 750 US$ contribute would it that announcing ia, pledge to the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis Malar and Fund AIDS, to Fight to Global the pledge a to adopt customers and suppliers encourages that programme implementation an of to development the and leadership, and ness globe, the across dialogues stakeholder through developed been initiative had environment. The digital to a safer in contributing role Cyber Resilience” bound their companies to board-level aware to board-level companies their bound Resilience” Cyber similar level of awareness and commitment. and level awareness of similar aid to the world’s poorest,” said Bill Gates, Co-Chair of the Gates Gates the of to Co-Chair world’said the Gates, Bill poorest,” said mechanism. funding innovative and new a – note promissory a 1 THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY with Young Global Leaders Foundation Gates &Melinda Bill of Co-Chair Gates, French Melinda Klaus Schwab, Founder and Executive Chairman, World Economic Forum Economic World Chairman, Executive and Founder Schwab, Klaus

298 - - - This year, over the course of five days, Schwab made it to a hun a to it made Schwab days, five of course year,the over This years ago, a German academic named Klaus Schwab willed it into it willed Schwab Klaus named academic aGerman ago, years Whether you think the World Economic Forum is a worthy enter aworthy is Forum Economic World think you the Whether the most connected man on the planet. Around the Congress Hall, Hall, Congress the Around planet. the on man connected most the Schwab and his wife, Hilde, and the mountains of Graubünden. A Graubünden. of mountains the and Hilde, wife, his and Schwab Forum’s chairman, is also a professor at the University of Geneva, Geneva, of University the at Forum’s aprofessor also is chairman, the being ceremony, who, opening besides Schwab, the During is, is, When and Schwab God are Klaus to face who face, blinks first?” monarch, pausing to take in the applause of the nobles. In the Con Inthe nobles. the of to take applause in the pausing monarch, Klaus. than walks faster one no may well be He mutations. outlandish and functions cynical more it, now, and with tobeing, nurture seventy-four, at continues he prise or a bunch of baloney, its annual meeting is an extraordinary remark of unknown provenance made the rounds: “The question question “The rounds: the made provenance unknown of remark dred and fifty-six commitments. God blinks, and then nods off… nods then and blinks, God commitments. fifty-six and dred of with photos interspersed cityscapes international and quotes conference spools that screen Center, video gress agiant is there Forum’s of the some contradicts that sincerity of dogged a kind creation—a miniature society, at fluidonce and Forty-two defined. descends the Congress Center’s grand stairway like a tax-havenlikea stairway Center’sgrand Congress the descends 2 by Nick Paumgarten Nick by The New Yorker New The Davos?”, at happens What Mountain: “Magic from Excerpt Paumgarten, Nick Magic Mountain: What happens at Davos? at happens What Mountain: Magic The New Yorker , 27 February 2012 February , 27 27 February 2012 February 27 2 - - -

2012 2012 HRH King Abdullah II of Jordan of II Abdullah King HRH Through its dialogues and discussions at the Annual Meeting, its its Meeting, Annual the at discussions and dialogues its Through While the impact of the global recession was still evident at the the at evident still was recession global the of impact the While (WTO) and a Member of the Global Agenda Council on Institutional Institutional on Council Agenda Global the of aMember (WTO) and world and through its many initiatives and activities, the World World the activities, many initiatives and its through and world two other yearly global meetings and regional summits around the the around summits regional and meetings global yearly other two US “fiscal cliff” debt crisis had been allayed. The improvement in in improvement The allayed. been had crisis debt cliff” “fiscal US Outlook on the Global Agenda 2013 Agenda Global the on Outlook the Meanwhile, , Director-General of the World Trade World the of Lamy, Organization Director-General Pascal Forum released its quarterly quarterly its released Forum just not position unique its demonstrated has Forum Economic role as an international institution for public-private cooperation. public-private for institution international an as role recovered. At the start of the Annual Meeting, the World Economic Economic World the Meeting, Annual the of At start the recovered. clearly had economy world the in confidence 2013, of beginning signs from the Eurozone and a sense that the worst fears for the the for fears worst the that Eurozone the asense from and signs Governance Systems. confidence was most marked in North America. North in marked most was confidence create a more level playing field at the international level,” said international the at field playing level more a create to energy and power tools, necessary the has that governance global proper need “We challenge. biggest the as deficit ership lead global the identified Agenda, Global the on Survey annual from 0 scale to a 1 – on in nearly the optimistic zone. 0.38 This was due to some positive from 0.43 to rose which experts, 390 of poll a its world’s also in the but future stakeholders all of aconvener as In search of Resilient Resilient of search In 2013 2013 Dynamism “What we need today is a new moment in history that em that history in moment anew is today we need “What inclusion and solidarity among peoples and stronger ac and stronger peoples among inclusion and solidarity more openness and cooperation between nations, more of a new era – and aspirations principles the values, braces countability of those responsible for the global economy.” Economic Confidence Index , based on the the on , based , based on on , based 1 - - -

2013 2013 “To be resilient is to adapt to sudden withstand contexts, changing The global crisis had shown that, as recovery was taking hold, hold, taking was recovery that, as shown had crisis global The theme theme in deficiencies their Davos, many acknowledging candidly the Dynamism’.”The ‘Resilient of theme addressed the leaders In an address to participants, Italian Prime Minister Mario Monti Monti Mario Minister Prime Italian to participants, address In an Future growth in this new requires – context dynamism vision bold ios for the Russian Federation, Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev Medvedev Dmitry Minister Prime Federation, Russian the for ios particularly in major economies experiencing economic austerity. economic in experiencing major economies particularly malaise, economic global prolonged and shocks ofsudden reality anew “We face eve the Meeting. on the of said Schwab Klaus responsibly. and they grow sustainably so panies future withstand could it that so drive growth and resilience build shocks and recover from them while still pursuing critical goals,” critical pursuing still while them from recover and shocks 2013 Dynamism”, “Resilient theme, Meeting Annual The stresses. called on policy-makers to take a long-term perspective, warning warning perspective, to take along-term policy-makers on called globally”. and domestically environment, both to “create acompetitive needed country his that acknowledged scenar on In a session solutions. some offering and economies both; thus, 2013 in require will leadership as insufficient, dynamism – is alone or resilience – attribute Either action. bolder even and com and economies restructuring of importance the emphasized to reform of agenda acontinuous to pursue had economy each Klaus Schwab and Henry Kissinger Henry and Schwab Klaus THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY

302 - - The world is becoming ungovernable, Shimon Peres, President of of President Peres, Shimon ungovernable, becoming is world The in the that demonstrated Davos at debates and discussions The vote for , for Britain to EU. exit the Britain Brexit,vote for for WTO remained elusive. And a regional challenge, the civil war in civil the challenge, a regional And elusive. remained WTO to take on the challenges of globalization” but instead pursued pursued instead but globalization” of to challenges take the on taken to address, for example, climate change, the world contin world the change, climate example, for address, to taken glob pressing most the well understood community ternational Britain’s for for but sake, just not – Europe open and tive,flexible in a resulted which referendum, promised the hold would UK the Israel, cautioned in remarks to participants. “Governments have “Governments to participants. in remarks cautioned Israel, Syria, had proven to be a confounding conundrum, with the limited limited with the conundrum, proven aconfounding to be had Syria, Europe. This is about how we make the case for a more competi amore for we how make case the about is Europe. This Europe for necessary as are maintained, he changes, EU. These willing Europeans.” 2016, InJune need We desperately Europeans. in a speech that same day in the UK Parliament in London to hold a a to hold in London Parliament day UK in the same that in a speech ideas, a launching pad for initiatives and a platform for interaction interaction for aplatform and initiatives for pad alaunching ideas, ing Britain’s about for reforming proposals its relationship with the ued to be seriously divided on how to set a global framework for for framework a global to how set on divided seriously to be ued leader predicted. “The European Union does not need unwilling need not does Union European “The predicted. leader referendum on Britain’s membership in the European Union. “I am Union. Britain’s European in on the referendum membership Cameron’s David Minister Prime pledge to British to react portunity op the took Monti procrastination. and quo status the of policies marks, the Annual Meeting and the Forum itself are “a are new of lab itself Forum the and Meeting Annual the marks, agreement written or upwith any communiqué coming participants first very the Since consequences. tragic for allowing response Conclusion warming. rein in global and emissions carbon reducing short-termism,” he said, conceding that his country had “failed “failed had hiscountry that short-termism,” conceding said, he Cameron himself would Cameron take the Davos the stage next day, speak everyone’s sake.” against “short-termism” in politics. “Leadership is the opposite of of opposite the is “Leadership “short-termism” in politics. against a serious global challenge that required bold fresh approaches. approaches. fresh bold required that challenge global a serious as emerged clearly had deficit leadership the dialogue”. But and re welcoming his in it put Schwab Klaus As steps. next outlining in 1971, never was about Forum’sgathering the Meeting Annual the under negotiations trade multilateral of Round Doha the of if thatDespiteactionconsensus difficult, not mustbe impossible. multilateraleffective approaches, let alone solutions, appeared to shape Yet nations mobilizing that clear was it challenges. al on backs our turning about not is “This UK. the they are for as future,” its Italian the to shape continue to EU in the and stay cide thatconfident if thereis aone referendum day, UK citizens willde IN SEARCHOFRESILIENT DYNAMISM 303 ------

2013 2013 The media rarely pick up on this important aspect of the Forum Forum of the aspect this important up on pick rarely media The At the meeting, in which more than 1,000 business, government government business, 1,000 than more in which At meeting, the America not making it a contest of national interest”. of national following a contest it The making not America the end, everyone must have hope, Peres asserted. “I never lost “I never lost asserted. Peres have hope, must everyone end, the that generations younger the for individuality fulfilling expectations filling the compa roleof global hegovernments, explained. “Forty In a wide-ranging address to Annual Meeting participants, Henry Henry participants, Meeting to Annual address In awide-ranging founded on the principle of stakeholder collaboration and on the the on and collaboration stakeholder of principle the on founded become has economy the because unemployed themselves found Daw Aung San Suu Kyi. Suu San Aung Daw diplo to modern value proven inestimable has its Forum Economic that organization international an as constitution of its Because the lamented Jordan, of Kingdom Hashemite the of King Hussein, “anadvocatedforHe American-Russianunderstanding first a as Davos Spirit of collegial and candid exchange. candid and collegial of Spirit Davos ian problem would best be dealt with internationally by Russia and and by Russia with internationally dealt be best would problem ian lack lack of international action to end the inSyria:conflict “I urgeonce hosted representatives of the full spectrum of Myanmar politics politics Myanmar of spectrum full the of representatives hosted Taw, Pyi in Nay Asia Myanmar. of East on capital Forum the nomic is that platform a – parties all for partner non-partisan a is It macy. many forms and that is inclusive in geography and size, the World its in all society civil and government business, together brings crisis,” said, he to Syrian the response world astepped-up more Unit the on called USA, Associates, Kissinger Chairman, Kissinger, At different.” be to attempt the by satisfied are “They said. he have. “Young are people not bysatisfied the attempt tobeequal,” answering are corporations global that to say on out, going pointed world,” in the governments the he all than fortune havenies more step step towards defining what theobjectiveis”, adding that“theSyr years 90 for it optimist. an Itried as Live hopelessness. suggest anything by believing or by hoping. Better to create hope than to than to hope create Better by hoping. or by believing anything and society, including President Thein Sein and opposition leader leader opposition and Sein Thein President including society, and Forum the participated, countries 55 from leaders society civil and 2013 the Eco at was time World to such it. paid is One attention evident, even little Yet if often is mission. its Spirit and Davos the needed”. desperately is support “more that international adding Al IIIbn Abdullah King H.M. day, to participants, in own his address in Syria. crisis the to solve to together work Russia and States ed it’sand bad.” not were companies national.” remain Global governments while global THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY

304 - - - - - “We are part of the global community,” President Thein Sein de community,” Sein Thein global the of President “We part are America would grow at least twice as fast as the developed world world developed the as fast as twice least grow at would America Tasso Humala of Moises Ollanta – President presidents American the IIIof Aquino Simeon Benigno President was meeting the at Also for at least the next three to five years. Debt overhangs, budget budget overhangs, Debt years. five to three next the least at for Development Bank (IDB) in Washington DC, forecast that Latin Latin that (IDB) Bank forecast DC, in Washington Development Enri President and of Martinelli Ricardo President Peru, 2014. in May Two meeting Asia Myanmar the East before months stormy of decades from emerging was country whose Philippines, in East Asia and the world. The Philippines would host the next next the host would Philippines The world. the and Asia East in meeting, the Forum convened the eighth World Economic Forum Forum Economic World eighth the convened Forum the meeting, force economic an become to finally stress economic and politics social inclusion. Luis A. Moreno, President of the Inter-American the of President Moreno, A. Luis inclusion. social and education on by focusing future the for prepare and successes countries, he observed. he countries, most haunted longer no instability macroeconomic and deficits many economic its on to build region the for with acall concluded meeting The reforms. comprehensive through region in the growth inclusive for call to together joined – Mexico of Nieto Peña que Latin three session, At opening the Peru. in Lima, America Latin on place.” rightful to our back “We getting are clared. Hilde Schwab presents Charlize Theron with a Crystal Award aCrystal with Theron Charlize presents Schwab Hilde IN SEARCHOFRESILIENT DYNAMISM 305 - -

2013 2013 The report concluded that if the public sector increased its annual annual its increased sector public the if that concluded report The of in ouster the culminating protests to violent lead would This partic to 200 close for opportunity unprecedented an was This The Ways and Means to Unlock Private Finance for Green Growth for Private Green Finance Unlock to WaysThe Means and 700 billion in investment that the report estimated was needed to needed was estimated report the that in investment billion 700 vember, the Forum convened its first Strategic Dialogue on the on Dialogue Strategic first its convened Forum vember, the welcomed new Chinese Premier in his debut appear in debut his Keqiang Li Premier Chinese new welcomed At the Annual Meeting of the New Champions in Dalian, the Forum Forum the in Dalian, Champions New the of Meeting At Annual the tackle whattackle was and arguably remains the pressing threat most US$ the address would This capital. in private billion 570 to US$ in interim the government after especially Federation, Russian the however, Within weeks, potential. Ukraine’sto unlock economic entered like which had in India, China interest public global the targeted their targeted topublic funds mobilize sums of significant private way to only the is economy economy. the “Greening to global the In Davos, the World Economic Forum released an important study study important an released Forum Economic World the In Davos, start which Forum, (CII) Economic World the and Industry Indian from spending at that time of US$ 96 billion, it could mobilize up could it billion, 96 US$ of time that at spending from Ukraine would be plunged into political turmoil sparked by a heated by aheated sparked turmoil into political plunged be would Ukraine Ukraine, neighbouring countries and international organizations. President and the overthrow of his govern his of Yanukovych overthrow the and Viktor President from policy-makers senior together bringing Future Ukraine, of investment for green infrastructure. It’s now time to scale up these these up It’s to time scale now infrastructure. green for investment up billion, 36 US$ by only change climate in addressing investment best how to discuss community business global the from ipants under President took office. took Poroshenko Petro President under lation from others like Robinson Crusoe did.” The Confederation of of did.” Confederation Crusoe The like others Robinson from lation Kiev signed the EU association agreement and a new government government anew and agreement EU the association signed Kiev and 2014. Ukraine Tensions the grew between in February ment in entrepreneurship Forum’s the pursue of supporting mission ment. The two organizations their outlined objective – common to live in iso can economy. its “No country in transforming progress China’s described in he which address, in his opening participants proven solutions.” proven are many successful cases where governments have strategically have strategically governments where cases successful many are “There Forum. Economic World the Initiatives at Change of Climate Kerr, by 2050,” Thomas Director said people 9 billion accommodate on climate and change investment Investment Report: Green – The Union. European with the agreement over association an dispute InNo development. political and economic in its stage a crucial agree collaboration anew signed in 1985, partnership their ed village,” told Li “We live in aglobal Davos. Summer the at ance THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY

306 ------. “use of art as an element of inclusion” and his goal “to make art make “to art goal his and inclusion” of element an as “use art of At the Annual Meeting, as had become traditional at the opening opening the at traditional become had as Meeting, At Annual the the things that are happening around the world, but also to become to become also but world, the around happening are that things the tural who leaders not only excel in their but art also use their artistry the problem. “My mission as a filmmaker is not only to expose all all expose to only not is filmmaker a as mission “My problem. the from the US, the documentary filmmaker Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy Obaid-Chinoy Sharmeen filmmaker documentary the US, the from Brazilian garbage pickers on a project that became the subject of of subject the became that aproject on pickers garbage Brazilian neurship, presented the Crystal Award 2013 to the artist Muniz Vik Award 2013 to artist the Crystal the presented neurship, such as acid attacks on women, prompting legislation to address to address legislation prompting women, on attacks acid as such Entrepre Social for Foundation Schwab the of Co-Founder and son cul distinguished recognized Forum Economic World the session, Obaid-Chinoy’s films had raised awareness about social issues issues social about awareness raised had films Obaid-Chinoy’s an award-winning documentary film. award-winning documentary an ofout exclusive in exhibition workingwith instance, one spaces, a privilege”.a right, not taken art To had he goals, achieve these his for recognized was award. part, his Muniz, her for accepting on said, she own tell their message,” cannot who those for a voice Theron. Charlize actress African South and Pakistan, of year, to This improve world. Chairper the Schwab, position Hilde and 1 AwardCrystal of a recipient also Obaid-Chinoy Sharmeen filmmaker Pakistani IN SEARCHOFRESILIENT DYNAMISM 307 Klaus Schwab, Founder and Executive Chairman, World Economic Forum Economic World Chairman, Executive and Founder Schwab, Klaus - - -

2013 2014 Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff and Klaus Schwab Klaus and Rousseff Dilma President Brazilian “Davos moment” has become a popular phrase among World Eco World among phrase a popular become has “Davos moment” The 2014 Annual Meeting theme “The Reshaping of the World: of the Reshaping “The theme Meeting 2014The Annual the working media. But many Davos moments have been captured captured have been moments many Davos But media. working the mutual and inclusion cooperation, of evokes Spirit that Davos the In a different session in the same room, Cardinal Peter Turkson Peter Cardinal of room, same in the session In adifferent en “friendship, of amessage delivered Iran of Republic Islamic the of Rouhani Hassan President Hall, Congress packed In the Davos moments, two of which were particularly notable: were which of particularly two moments, Davos into consideration the dignity of every human person and the com the and person human of every dignity the into consideration unique global gathering that is the Annual Meeting. Many Davos Davos Many Meeting. Annual the is that gathering global unique mon good”.mon business on called a year.pontiff than The less for office in been proliferation with the especially by participants, and by press the of view the away from scenes, the behind have occurred moments the at happen only could that juxtaposition or scene a – respect interaction to any memorable refers It participants. Forum nomic Ghana read out a special message from , who had had who Francis, Pope from message a special out read Ghana many inspired Business” and Politics Society, for Consequences and political leaders to pursue “an inclusive approach which takes takes which “an approach to pursue inclusive leaders political and to coexistence” participants. and peaceful cooperation gagement, of smartphones. camera-equipped through Inclusion 2014 2014 Reshaping World the “I wish to emphasize the importance that the various polit various the that importance the emphasize to wish “I I ask you to ensure that humanity is served by wealth and and by wealth served is humanity that ensure to you I ask ical and economic sectors have in promoting an inclusive not ruled by it.” renewed, profound and broadened sense of responsibility a is needed is good…What common the and person human scientific and professional requirements of every context, context, every of requirements professional and scientific on the part of all…Withouton the part ignoring, naturally, the specific every of dignity the consideration into takes which approach 1 - - - -

2014 2014 The three Crystal Awards given out at the opening session of the of the session opening the Awardsat givenout Crystal three The Schwab’s to to give Klaus life born was stakeholder Forum The Forum’s the timely. was to meeting, the Prior advice papal The work together to secure it. For this reason, the World Economic Economic World the it. this reason, For to secure together work recovering. still was the enduring impact of the global recession from which the world world the which from recession global ofthe impact enduring the the risk the biggest facing world. This was a of indicator significant 2014 Annual Meeting underscored the need for that inclusive inclusive that for need the underscored Meeting 2014 Annual Damon was recognized for his work to address the global water global the to address work his for recognized was Damon in partner even trusted an more becoming on focused has Forum business, governments,Because international organizations and urgent and pressing causes in the world today,” world in the causes explained. pressing Damon and urgent making these essential collaborative possible and inclusive efforts society. In his essay “Global Corporate Citizenship: with Working Corporate “Global essay Inhis society. Governments and Civil Society”, published in 2008 in Foreign Af in 2008 published Society”, Civil and Governments access to safe water and the dignity of a toilet – two incredibly basic basic linked – and for requirements inextricably survival is one of incredibly the most two – toilet a of dignity the and water safe to access has being human every that ensuring “For me, crisis. sanitation and approach to protect human dignity. Actor and humanitarian Matt and effective. they must future, in a common stakeholders all are society civil fairs adapted its role according to the changing needs of business and and business of needs to changing the according role its adapted has it then, Since responsibility. social and inclusion of concept annual THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY , Schwab had described that shift: that described had , Schwab identified the identified wealthworsening gap as Risks Report Global “A new imperative for business, best described as ‘global ‘global as described best business, for “A imperative new the conviction that companies not only must be engaged with their stakeholders but also are themselves stakehold Because global citizenship global is inBecause a corporation’s enlightened increasing globalization and diminishing globalization increasing state influence.” impact increasingly issues global these water.larly Because be good both for the corporation and for society at a time of of atime at society for and corporation the for both good be line. bottom the hurt can them with engage to not business, ment including paramount and global challenges, address develop sustainable to commit fully must leaders business self-interest, it is sustainable. Addressing can global issues conservation, and the management of resources, particu resources, of management the and conservation, energy care, health public of provision the change, climate governmentsers alongside and civil society. International expresses It recognized. citizenship’, be must corporate

310 2 - - - - The Forum released a report on the concept of the circular econ circular the of concept the on areport released Forum The Forum’s the of work the on aspotlight cast also Meeting Annual The Water, vulnerable youth, displacement and are are inequality gender and Water, displacement youth, vulnerable with the United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon and the the and Ki-moon Ban Secretary-General Nations United the with the Meeting, At water Annual . the and weather, crises food extremeincluding issues related and change climate on was to be convened in New York in New convened to be in September. that runs orchestras and choirs to help vulnerable young peo young vulnerable to help choirs and orchestras runs that tion. Over US$1 trillion a year could be generated by 2025 for the the for by 2025 generated be could ayear trillion US$1 Over tion. become which would tools, empowerment health and technologies wearable out walk!”). and were trying Davos at Many shuttles the in the choices to make healthy participants challenged Forum the health, on emphasis with the Inconsonance over years. trillion 20 US$16 at estimated economy to global the cost cumulative the food and drink they consumed and in their physical activity (“Avoid activity in physical their and they consumed drink and food who ofpeople billions confront that challenges global fundamental 21st century. In nearly the same number, the centre of attention number, attention of centre same the the 21st Innearly century. Health and the environment were a particular focus. Over 25 ses Over focus. were aparticular environment the and Health Leading opera tenor Juan Diego Flórez founded an organization organization an founded Flórez Diego Juan tenor opera Leading Executive Secretary of the UN Framework Convention on Climate of Climate Framework on the UN Convention Secretary Executive Prize lau Peace environment. Nobel the on Partners and Members togeth brought that Summit Health inaugural an convened Forum leading cause of absenteeism in many sectors and industries, with with industries, and in many sectors absenteeism of cause leading across-sector as health of awareness the to sharpen laureates partnership on climate change running up to the Climate Summit Summit up to Climate the running change climate on partnership historical issues that concern the world that Iinhabit,” that said. world the Neshat concern that issues historical ple, while filmmakerShiringender, Neshathad tackled power and reate rallied participants to take decisive action on climate climate on action to take decisive participants rallied Gore Al reate years. in coming popular highly top the Yet at have of Davos. never heard were issues the these sions dealt with the most pressing healthcare challenges of the the of challenges healthcare pressing most with the dealt sions Change (UNFCCC) Christiana Figueres to advance public-private public-private to advance Figueres (UNFCCC) Christiana Change desire to bridge deeply personal issues with critical social, political, political, social, with critical issues personal deeply to bridge desire a from stemmed has art “My films. masterful her in displacement global economy and 100,000 new jobs created within the next next the within created jobs new 100,000 and economy global Founda Ellen MacArthur with the in collaboration omy prepared agreement an announced Forum Economic World The change. the was ill health mental that revealed had apriority. Studies as health mental in on zeroed Participants in societies. challenge Nobel and academics executives, chief government, of heads er agenda. Meeting 2014 the of Annual RESHAPING THEWORLD THROUGHINCLUSION311 ------

2014 2014

2014 2014 “circular” supply chains to increase the rate of recycling, reuse reuse recycling, of rate the to increase chains “circular” supply The World Economic Forum launched the not-for-profitForum the launched Forum Economic World The Zurich, and popularizing science in Astana. science popularizing Zurich, and venture created by founding partners Harvard University and the the and University Harvard partners by founding venture created World Economic Forum on Africa was held in Abuja, Nigeria, in Nigeria, in Abuja, held was Africa on Forum Economic World world. The Forum Academy will contribute to the mission of the of to mission the will contribute Academy Forum The world. when the approach products end of their use, the study explained. Also at Davos, the Global Shapers community launched ayear launched community Shapers Global the Davos, at Also Academy, an online learning platform to deliver professional professional to deliver platform Academy, learning online an the region in lifting more than 70 million out of poverty. of out 70million than more in lifting region the of success the on build to ways explored participants 600 than Economic At World the Davos. beyond activities initiativestheir and of build-up the encouraging on focused companies if years five the significance of the meeting. Also participating were Nigerian Nigerian were participating Also meeting. the of significance the improve jobs, to how create on focused participants 1,000 than Shapers around the world. Among them: libraries in Manila, ther in Manila, them: libraries Among world. the around Shapers Under the theme “Forging Inclusive Growth, Creating Jobs”, Creating Growth, the “Forging Inclusive theme the Under President Goodluck Ebele Jonathan, President Paul Kagame of Kagame Paul President Jonathan, Ebele Goodluck President May,situation in security thecountry. despite a The more difficult more in April, City, Panama, in Panama America Latin on Forum forward moving were also constituents and Members Partners, Forum’s the Meeting, Annual the at moments electrifying the all For on insights with strategic audience by aglobal providing Forum of of Technology (MIT). Institute reshaping “The Massachusetts infrastructure across the continent and bolster agricultural devel agricultural bolster and continent the across infrastructure increasingly difficult to attain through traditionalmeans, precisely in transportation ofgreen use the promoting in Atlanta, illiteracy leadership courses. The initiative aimed at certified professional professional certified at aimed initiative The courses. leadership 52 Weeks, 52 The projects. local their initiative to showcase long mindset and constantly update their knowledge,” Klaus Schwab Schwab Klaus knowledge,” their update constantly and mindset Cities initiative would highlight through social media the work of of work the media social through highlight initiative would Cities opment. The participation of Premier Li Keqiang of China added to added of China Keqiang Li of Premier participation The opment. global, industry and regional developments.” the in uncertainty and velocity complexity, growing the to due “However, launch. the at becoming is this knowledge observed our world requires professionals to develop a transformational with a in was development edX, non-profit conceived partnership financial eliminating Bamako, in neighbourhoods disadvantaged in Tunis, in hotspots Wi-Fi disabled the public for farms apeutic materials of value the maximize would This remanufacture. and THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY

314 - - - Japan, with Prime Minister Shinzo Abe speaking in the closing closing in the speaking Shinzo Minister Abe with Prime Japan, with ministers and business leaders on Japan’s Abenomics reform to sustain the economic success. At the same meeting, the Forum Forum the meeting, At same the success. economic the to sustain the internet. In the autumn, the Forum began to implement its to implement began Forum the autumn, internet. Inthe the of power creative and collaborative the maximize to ways find to sector, private the government, from stakeholders diverse of tion of Pope’s the on to build message Davos convened Forum the In July, Cardinal Turkson, in his role as president of the Pontifical Pontifical the of president as role Turkson, his July,in Cardinal In for public-private cooperation. The Forum also announced a new anew announced also Forum The cooperation. public-private for institution into international an organization afounder-led from 2014. The aim of the project was to facilitate cooperation towards cooperation to was facilitate project aim ofthe 2014. The FORUM2020 strategy, marking the phase of its transformation Days later, the Forum held its national strategy meeting in Tokyo, meeting strategy national later, its Days held Forum the President Benigno Simeon Aquino III stressed the importance of importance the IIIstressed Aquino Simeon Benigno President place took Asia East on in May, Forum Later Economic World the Tanzania. of Kikwete M. Jakaya President and Rwanda, in Manila, the Philippines, which only months before had been hit hit been had before months only which Philippines, the in Manila, initiative on the future of the global financial system under the under system financial global the of future the on initiative NETmundial the initiative, launched a coali Forum The inclusion. leadership of Borg, ministerleadership Sweden finance Anders from to 2006 by Typhoon Haiyan, the strongest recorded storm ever to storm land. hit recorded by strongest the Typhoon Haiyan, mal discussion and dinner Merkel. with Angela Chancellor German held Forum the in June, Later link. avideo through meeting the join Roppongi in the in aclub place event took one-day The programme. Presi Award to Indonesian Statesmanship Global the presented session. In the discussions, participants shared ideas and insights insights and ideas shared participants discussions, Inthe session. Global Common Good: Towards Economy”, Good: Inclusive aMore which Common Global business, to Vatican City welcomed Peace, and Justice for Council good governance, action against corruption and structural reforms reforms structural and corruption against action governance, good a new framework for global finance. global for framework a new together joining communities society civil and technical academia, “The on meeting to aspecial leaders society civil and government infor an included which event in Berlin, Government” the a “Meet to Japan outside from leaders society civil and business allowed and levelintimacy of ahigh created that venue unusual an district, Yudhoyono, prize. the of third the recipient Bambang Susilo dent 2 1 RESHAPING THEWORLD THROUGHINCLUSION315 Justice and Peace, on 21 January 2014 January 21 on Peace, and Justice for Council Pontifical the of President Turkson, Peter Cardinal by delivered Davos in participants Forum Economic World to amessage in Francis Pope and Civil Society”, Foreign Affairs Governments with Working Citizenship: Corporate “Global Schwab, Klaus , 2008 January/February - - -

2014 2015 Klaus Schwab and François Hollande, The 45th Annual Meeting theme was “The New Global Context”, Global New “The was theme Meeting Annual 45th The Fo the confirmed Government Swiss the from recognition The which served to highlight the Forum’s new standing. A record num Forum’s the to highlight Arecord standing. new served which only not shown has Switzerland this recognition, “Through world. the privileges enjoyed by other international organizations, such such organizations, international by other enjoyed privileges the Switzerland’s under Forum’sas the Host-State Act status legal fostering public-private cooperation to improve ofthe state the cooperation public-private fostering United Nations. Federal Department of Foreign Affairs of the Swiss Confederation, Confederation, Swiss the of Affairs Foreign of Department Federal recognized that Agreement State a Host signed Council Federal in particular Geneva, as a centre for international cooperation,” cooperation,” international for a centre as Geneva, in particular and of Switzerland, role the further to enhance commitment its Forum’s also but Economic World mission the for support full its stand highest the met had that institution into international an journeyed up to Davos-Klosters to join several sessions devoted devoted sessions to several join upto Davos-Klosters journeyed – countries 140 than more from 2,500 over – participants of ber not-for-profit foundation founder-centred a from rum’s transition said Schwab. said On 23 January, in Davos, the World Economic Forum and the Swiss Swiss the and Forum Economic World the 23 in January, Davos, On ards of governance. It validated the Forum’s unique global role in Forum’s the role validated It global unique governance. of ards (ICRC) the and Cross Red of the Committee International the as Forum the granted which accord, the co-signed Schwab Klaus and ofthe Head and Councillor ceremony, Burkhalter, Federal Didier cooperation”. Ina public-private for institution “international an International Institution for for Institution International 2015 Public-Private Cooperation “Through this recognition, Switzerland has shown not only land, and in particular Geneva, as a centre for international international for acentre as Geneva, particular in and land, its for full the support World Economic Forum’s mission but cooperation.” Switzer of role the further enhance to commitment its also 1 - - - -

2015 2015 The discussions at the Annual Meeting proved crucial. InJuly, proved crucial. the Meeting Annual the at discussions The At the Annual Meeting, as the lead international institution for pub for institution international lead the as Meeting, At Annual the Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, resulted in a new roadmap for supporting supporting for in roadmap anew Ethiopia, resulted Ababa, Addis ministers. trade of gathering aspecial featured also Meeting Annual Forum the Ki-moon, Ban Secretary-General UN of At request the that would require an elevated level of cooperation among busi among level of cooperation elevated an require would that revolution a of new technological beginning the at was world the ways at to of move out looked Participants in Ukraine. turmoil the to the tensions political and ofconflicts theprevious year,such as third International Conference on Financing for Development in Development for Financing on Conference third International framework. And in December, 196 state parties concluded the concluded parties 196 state in December, And framework. Summit in New York in September, the international community York in New Summit community in September, international the 2015 Development Agenda (which led to the Sustainable Devel (which to Sustainable Agenda the led 2015 Development Paris at the end of the year. The Annual Meeting 2015 offered an an 2015 offered Meeting year. the of end the at Annual The Paris life and world on course for a better future,” Ban said in Davos. The The in Davos. future,” said Ban abetter for course on world and life 10 launched Forum Economic World the cooperation, lic-private ment Goals, or MDGs) and COP21 (the 21st annual session of the the of (the session 21st annual COP21 MDGs) or and Goals, ment Post- the on Meeting Annual the during emphasis special placed relevant from top decision-makers integrating initiatives, multi-year society. civil and governments ness, sustainable development. At the UN Sustainable Development Development Sustainable At development. UN the sustainable issues: these on initiatives focused The communities. stakeholder Convention on Climate Change, or UNFCCC), or in held was which Change, Climate on Convention Conference of the Parties to the 1992 United Nations Framework Nations to 1992 the United Parties the of Conference adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the SDG SDG the Development, Sustainable for Agenda 2030 the adopted [events] these “With key initiatives. two the of UN our set we can in for support cooperation expanding public-private active platform Develop to Millennium the successor the SDGs, or Goals, opment that awareness general also was There inclusion. social of degree with a higher growth economic sustained to re-create and crisis THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY • • • • • • • • • •

parity Gender

Economic growth and social inclusion The future of the global financial system financial global the of future The Public security, crime and anti-corruption Employment, skills and International and trade investment Infrastructure and development The future of the internet Environment and resource security Agriculture and food security Agriculture and food

318 - - - - The Forum’s annual Global Risks Report published prior to the prior published Report Risks Forum’sThe Global annual Vision for Ukraine initiative, which brought together key leaders key leaders together initiative, brought which Ukraine for Vision was resilient and unified. “Ukraine has become stronger,” de he become has “Ukraine unified. and resilient was results survey The ofimpact. in terms highest ranking water crises Annual Meeting identified interstate conflict with regional conse regional with conflict interstate identified Meeting Annual told participants that, despite the aggression it faced, his nation nation his faced, it aggression the that, despite participants told the previous year – “the most difficult in our history” because because history” our in difficult most “the – year previous the In May, the World Economic Forum launched the New Economic Economic New the launched In May, Forum Economic World the Poroshenko Petro President Ukrainian elected recently In Davos, from government, business, academia and civil society to focus on on to focus society civil and academia business, government, from fair, asserted. he and free – been had of the country parts occupied troops foreign , a new global framework for addressing climate climate addressing for framework a new global Agreement, Paris become more European.” The presidential and legislative elections elections legislative European.” and more presidential The become Ukraine. in conflict armed the including 2014, in events reflected shaping an achievable future for Ukraine. Building on scenarios set set scenarios on Building Ukraine. for future achievable an shaping out in a Forum report, the programme aimed to improve Ukraine’s aimed programme the report, in aForum out has Ukraine And democratic. more become has “Ukraine clared. with oflikelihood, in terms risk global one number the as quences York. in New agreement the signed countries 2016, 174 April 22 1997 the On on Kyoto building Protocol. change, as an international entity Forum the recognizes officially which Agreement, Country Host the of signing the during captured are Schwab Klaus and Confederation Swiss the of Affairs Foreign of Department Federal the of Burkhalter Didier INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTION FOR PUBLIC-PRIVATE COOPERATION 319

- -

2015 2015 Also in Davos, President François Hollande of France gave aforce France of Hollande François President in Davos, Also told participants that the Chinese economy would not have not a hard would economy Chinese the that participants told year, the for Min Prime agenda its to outline presidency G20 the to terrorism”. vulnerable are tries and reliable forging and markets commodity and energy global the In the now-traditional special message from the country holding holding country the from message special now-traditional In the ful speech just two weeks after terrorist shootings at the office office the at shootings terrorist after weeks two just speech ful Meanwhile, Li Keqiang, Premier of the People’s Republic of China, China, of People’s the of Republic Premier Keqiang, Li Meanwhile, ister Ahmet Davutoğlu ister of Ahmet Davutoğlu Turkey for national ministers called to set lasting relations with its trading partners. partners. trading with its relations lasting humanity by taking an inclusive approach to global growth, trade trade growth, to global approach inclusive an by taking humanity “all that warning coun assault,” added, he under itself found has not was It injured. 22 and dead in 20 resulted that inmarket Paris just France but freedom itself that was attacked, Hollande stated, stated, Hollande attacked, was that itself freedom but France just and investment. of interests broader in the act and interests parochial their aside which society our of foundation “It very the is incidents. the after exceptionalthe internationalexpressinggratitudefor solidarity akosher and Hebdo Charlie magazine satirical anti-fascist the of in to developments climate, investment adapting the enhancing global competitiveness by strengthening domestic institutions, , Executive Chairman of the Alibaba Group Alibaba the of Chairman Executive Ma, Jack THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY

320 - - - This led to a meeting on the issue in Japan in November. in Japan issue the on to ameeting led This a as internet the develop initiative to the was of help purpose The in Future Internet multi-year the of the launched also Forum The and expand partners TFA help would Forum Economic World The where he announced several reforms aimed at stimulating further further stimulating at aimed reforms several announced he where (IBC), Council Forum’s the of Business with members International while governments had been struggling with how to address le with to how address struggling been had while governments so do would It initiatives. existing and institutions formal of work At the Annual Meeting, the Forum announced that it would host the the host would it that announced Forum the Meeting, At Annual the At the Annual Meeting, the Forum officially launched the Global Global the launched officially Forum the Meeting, Annual the At to keep pace with many related policy and governance questions, questions, governance and policy with related many to pace keep the world’s tropical . TFA include partners govern soy. oil pulp, and and palm beef, paper including commodities, tural public-private TFA the by 2020, aglobal was deforestation tropical Strategic Foresight Community with 32 experts who in their withwork 32 experts Community Foresight Strategic Production processes for these commodities are a major driver of of driver amajor are commodities these for processes Production in February 2015. Underpinned by US Government support for the the for support Government by US 2015. Underpinned in February to come. more promised and economy Chinese in the investment internet-related challenges and opportunities. The informal pro informal The opportunities. and internet-related challenges itiativetostrengthen expandtrustandconcrete cooperationon key of agricul sourcing sustainable for commitments implement landing even as it braces for a further slowdown. Li had a meeting ameeting had Li slowdown. afurther for even braces it as landing lectual networks and capacity to catalyse stakeholder partnerships. stakeholder to catalyse capacity and networks lectual by taking advantage of the Forum’s the of inter-ministerial advantage unique by and taking to create collaborating stakeholders other and people’s groups ments, producers, consumer goods companies, indigenous NGOs, partnership aimed at slowing tropical deforestation and addressing secretariat of the Tropical Forest Alliance (TFA) 2020 beginning beginning (TFA) Tropical 2020 the of Alliance Forest secretariat sustainable supply chains by 2020. chains supply sustainable such concern. In Davos, the Forum and the Government of Japan Japan of Government the and Forum the InDavos, concern. such Consumer Goods Forum and its commitment to achieve zero-net to achieve zero-net commitment its and Forum Goods Consumer on cybersecurity and its implications for the future of the internet. the of future the for implications its and cybersecurity on dialogue a stakeholder to start together to closely work agreed one course of was web. the Cybersecurity on available activities other and services of to array the related concerns policy gitimate struggling been had Policy-makers nature. diverse highly and ed integrat globally its safeguard and progress human of engine core intel interdisciplinary its as well as communities, cross-industry the complement would cooperation and dialogue ofstrategic cess climate change. INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTION FOR PUBLIC-PRIVATE COOPERATION 321 ------

2015 2015 “building trust in public-private partnerships”, “disrupting class “disrupting partnerships”, public-private in trust “building To promote physical activity during the Annual Meeting and access access and Meeting Annual the during To activity physical promote to events high in Davos cultural of aseries organized Forum The As a result of the challenge, World Bicycle Relief, a not-for-profita Relief, Bicycle World challenge, the of result a As kilometres. six of average an walk to participant every for Africa to education, UBS and the UBS Optimus Foundation pledged to do pledged Foundation Optimus UBS the and UBS to education, Lynette Wallworth; by artist refugees 10 of female timate portraits Refuge”, “The Museum; ofin projections Albert and Victoria the They Meeting. Annual in the participated Shapers Global Fifty ties. In March, the Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship and and Entrepreneurship Social for Foundation Schwab the In March, focus on identifying trends and shifts that will shape future global, global, future will shape that shifts and trends identifying on focus Schwab Foundation and the Kennedy School’s Executive Education Education Executive School’s Kennedy the and Foundation Schwab Salvador, while a discussion on art as a catalyst for social change change social for a catalyst as art on Salvador, while a discussion Science of System Change”. Forty leading late-stage social entre social late-stage leading Change”. System of Forty Science 2,500 bicycles. 2,500 Program and its Center for Public Leadership had developed the the developed had Leadership Public for Center its and Program executive bespoke first the introduced School Kennedy Harvard to improve communi their projects on together work Hub, Shapers Com 2015, Forum’s Shapers the Meeting Global to Annual the Prior interactive, energy-neutral landscape of LED lights that react to the to the react that of LED lights landscape interactive, energy-neutral long long executive on module education creating systemic change. The equality and inclusion in achieving culture of importance the light San and Colombo Juba, Gaza, links from broadcast included lution preneurs in the Schwab Foundation network concluded aweek- concluded network Foundation Schwab in the preneurs to supply adonation received children, travel for time by reducing South in rural to a schoolchild bicycle designed specially one nate discussion spurred presentations These visitors. of passing motion “engaging and rooms” youth in work”. reso conflict on A session cities 40 connecting sessions Davos Shaping 10 webcast joined city Ineach Alaska. in Anchorage, Hub 400th its launched munity agendas. industry and regional sessions on creative solutions for sustainability. course with the aim of immersing participants in systems think in systems participants aim immersing of with the course and Art “The Entrepreneurship, titled Social on course education to education to access improving dedicated in Africa organization Studio”, “The “Dune”,and Roosegaarde’s Daan of adisplay an a series of digital photographic installations in collaboration with Balance”, of “In Search included installations The world. the across Monterrey. and Alto Palo Kingston, Rome, connected as such challenges, global critical to discuss world the around THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY

322 ------vestment, including from the United States, she noted. she States, United the from including vestment, we have to reinvent acknowledged. societies,” he our At the 10th World Economic Forum on Latin America in Riviera Maya, Maya, in Riviera America Latin on Forum Economic World At 10th the ficials joined the meeting in Mexico. They told participants that that participants told They Mexico. in meeting the joined ficials of Cuban a half-century, senior after Cuba and States United the of the theme The level of development. to them achievenext the for restructuring to allow economies to build resilience and help help and resilience to build economies to allow restructuring for President Joko Widodo, popularly known as Jokowi, spoke of how Jokowi, ofhow as spoke known popularly Widodo, Joko President with partici Indonesia, in Jakarta, place took Asia East on Forum Recognizing that longer-term reform by the public sector must go go must sector longer-term that by public the reform Recognizing Kingdom Hashemite the of Hussein Al IIIbn Abdullah King H.M. East Middle the on Forum Economic World the month, that Later the said Prices, and Finance of Minister Rodríguez, Pedraza Lina taken had and investment foreign to receive eager was Havana between relations diplomatic of re-establishment the Highlighting “They remarks. welcoming his in Mexico, of President the Nieto, need the on focused also May,discussions the early in Mexico, ing for social change. The following month, the World Economic Economic World the month, following The change. social for ing investment while deepening reform and inclusion.” and govern His reform deepening while investment and growth to is relaunch growth,” “Our goal inclusive said. he lenging global environment. “We have to reinvent our economies; environment. “We have to reinvent global economies; our lenging his country had to implement painful reforms to prevail chal in the reforms painful to implement had country his Economic ASEAN of the launch of the impact the on focusing pants hand in hand with the active participation of the private sector, private of the participation active with the in hand hand and innovation industry, to promote partnerships public-private business start-ups, to support measures was introducing ment investment destination. attractive an to make Cuba measures “Advancing was meeting Agenda”. aRenovation through “Reforms speech. “It is time for a new push, engaging all sectors, to create sectors, all engaging push, anew “It for time is speech. Community (AEC) year. ofthe session, end the at Community opening Inthe of job growth. job of source important sector, private in most the the entrepreneurship new with market-readyskills, of development the and expansion plenary in opening his theme reform upthe taking also Jordan of with in Jordan, Sea (MENA) to Dead the returned Africa North and in foreign required This Revolution. Cuban the of achievements the to protect economy its to modernize needed urgently country development.” of stage anew beginning for aplatform are country,” Peña Enrique abetter said building for foundation the are INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTION FOR PUBLIC-PRIVATE COOPERATION 323 - - - - -

2015 2015 “Mastering the Fourth Industrial Revolution”. Industrial Fourth the “Mastering The Global Alliance for Trade for to provide created was Facilitation Alliance Global The The Forum’s busy year ended with a focus on trade. In December, InDecember, trade. on with afocus Forum’sThe ended year busy 100,000 young people across the region by 2017. region the across people young 100,000 WTO members recognized that private-sector engagement would would engagement private-sector that recognized members WTO (WTO) Tradelandmark Facilitation (TFA)Agreement – which could was raising profound questions about the future, including major major including future, the about questions profound raising was which – life of aspects all on impact deep and broad have will to was train RBC’s market. The goal labour the of needs with the institutions, educational businesses, among collaboration well as Alliance was the first initiative to establish a network for involving involving for network a establish to initiative first the was Alliance from experts leading 1,000 nearly the October, in Emirates, Arab United Dhabi, in Abu Agenda Global the on At Summit eighth the investment in continu initiative. entailed This Employment Arab the in the process of promoting and enacting re enacting and promoting of process in the sector business the Trade World ofthe Organization’s implementation effective the to support partnership new amajor launched States United the and Germany, Kingdom United the of Canada, Governments the Private International for Center the Forum, Economic World the for Vision New its of phase next the launched region MENA the (RBC) Council for Forum’s Business Economic World the Regional Industrial Revolution Industrial – the that rapid of proliferation technologies forms under the agreement. the under forms Enterprise and the International Chamber of Commerce along with with along Commerce of Chamber International the and Enterprise its own distinct mandate. A key focus was the advent of the Fourth Fourth the of advent the was Akey mandate. focus own distinct its be critical for the successful implementation of the TFA, the Global Global the TFA, of the implementation successful the for critical be countries. in developing mostly jobs, million 14.3% of upto 20 create by average an and costs trade reduce among printing, 3D and robotics nanotechnology, biotechnology, by posed innovations challenges pending in intelligence, artificial support the implementation of customs and border reforms. While While reforms. border and ofcustoms implementation the support a platform to bring together business expertise and resources to resources and expertise business together tobring platform a be would in Davos Meeting 2016 the of Annual theme The others. im the of warned leaders thought Technology challenges. ethical with each Councils, Agenda Global in over 80 discussions for ered gath media the and society civil government, business, academia, up keep systems education to help governments, and society civil as youth, for programmes job-readiness and training learning, ous 1 THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY Klaus Schwab, Founder and Executive Chairman, World Economic Forum Economic World Chairman, Executive and Founder Schwab, Klaus

324 - - - - INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTION FOR PUBLIC-PRIVATE COOPERATION 325 The future comes to Davos to comes future The

2015 2016 Bono and Klaus Schwab celebrate 10 years of project (RED) project of 10 years celebrate Schwab Klaus and Bono Through his consultations with leaders in science, technology, in science, with leaders his consultations Through Economic World the on been had implications its and Technology The theme of the Annual Meeting 2016 was “Mastering the Fourth Fourth the 2016 “Mastering was Meeting Annual ofthe theme The every were changing to technologies new how referred title The the the risk with the greatest potential impact, the first timesince the “4th ofthe since. impact the humanity, continued on has which IR” and new technologies of various interaction and convergence the Pioneers. Technology of roster yearly the through – to and the in breakthroughs newest highlighting medical them at anytime but meetings at just not to interact them allow and together experts and stakeholders bring work, its advance to technology Industrial Revolution”. Other pressing issues, such as the global global the as such Revolution”. issues, Industrial pressing Other failure failure of climate mitigation change and adaption was as identified inter abiding an had Schwab engineer, an As Klaus anywhere. from Meeting 2016. Meeting and Champions, New of Meeting Annual the notably events, Forum Forum from agenda the organization’s firstmeeting.very The Forum itself has always been at the forefront of adopting cutting-edge cutting-edge adopting of forefront the at always been has itself had topped the ranking. (Weapons of mass destruction was listed listed was destruction mass of (Weapons ranking. the topped had In “Fourth term the popularized that work aseminal proved to be into languages, over 30 translated eventually was which book, wrote he book the staff, and rum’s of experts network what by fascinated become had Schwab fields, other and business Over the last three months of 2015, with the support of the Fo ofthe of 2015, support with months the three last the Over data, nanotechnology and robotics, would mean for the world. the for mean would robotics, and nanotechnology data, such as intelligence, theconcepts, artificial internet of things,big est – in from emerging the technologies latest interactive platforms annual survey was launched in 2006 that an environmental threat threat environmental an that in 2006 launched was survey annual a identified – agenda the on were change, climate and economy about debate and discussion global stirred Revolution” and dustrial other. with each interact live, The and work people ofhow aspect Industrial Revolution Industrial The Fourth Industrial 2016 Revolution , which was published in time for the Annual Annual the in for time published was , which The Fourth The Fourth - - -

2016 2016 “treasure trove” of data and information on cancer cases, research research cases, cancer on trove” information and “treasure data of technol of to fusion the refers Revolution Industrial Fourth “The The significance of the 4th IR was brought home at the very start start very the at home brought was IR 4th the of significance The The The fightcancer,against remarked, the wasvice-president “at an Yet Forum Members and participants agreed that it was crucial to crucial was it that agreed participants and Yet Members Forum The FutureThe of Jobs we have to promote ways of sharing data among scientists.” among data we have ways to sharing of promote transformation have the potential to disrupt all sectors and call into call and sectors all to have disrupt potential the transformation Revolution. Industrial Fourth the – with migration involuntary shocks severetion price and energy the University of California, San Francisco. “As Francisco. evolving, is San cancer California, of University the focus on the disruptions caused by rapid technological change. change. technological by rapid caused disruptions the on focus Lumpur, Malaysia; and New Delhi, India all had a strong focus on on focus astrong had all India Lumpur, Delhi, New and Malaysia; Kuala Colombia; Medellín, Rwanda; in Kigali, meetings Regional ible breakthroughs”. It would be vital to tap and share widely the the widely share to and tap vital breakthroughs”. be ible would It point. inflection and Research are therapies on thecusp of incred leaps.” quantum for we looking are changes; incremental be should being human the that ultimately reflects that way a in launched in his State of the Union address the week before, was to to was before, week the address Union ofthe in his State launched the at explained Schwab systems,” economic and social litical, reate Elizabeth Blackburn, the new President of the Salk Institute at at Institute Salk of the new President the Blackburn, Elizabeth reate to and collection big-data dynamic “We need added. he progress, to in Davos technologists and doctors scientists, eminent of panel the convened who Biden, Joe by Vice-President spearheaded be ofthis nature systemic and scale meeting’s speed, “The outset. reckoned to be the risk most likely to happen.) most risk the to be reckoned shot”, the all-out campaign, which US President had had Obama Barack President US which campaign, shot”, all-out the migra involuntary large-scale by water crises, followed second, deploy this as well as we can,” said 2009 Nobel Medicine Prize lau Medicine Nobel we wellcan,” as 2009 this as said deploy to achieve disciplines of range awhole across treatments and for looking not are “We participants. told Biden years,” five in es of advanc worth to is make “Our a decade goal priorities. discuss moon “cancer the ernment’s initiative to cancer. cure Dubbed gov US the on focused that session in aspecial meeting, the of centre.” the at future collective our we if to are shape essential is which change, this of understanding ashared to is build this year meeting our of purpose identity. The and nature human of essence the question po on impacts dramatic and capabilities new entirely creating which is worlds, biological and digital physical, the across ogies THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY , a landmark report released in Davos, under in Davos, released report , alandmark

328 ------Technology can be a great equalizer, Paul Kagame, President of President equalizer, agreat be Kagame, Technology can Paul 2.1 of by creation the offset partially to be predicted is loss This the continent to put one foot ahead in this new technological age. age. in this technological new ahead foot one to put continent the for ofrevolution, tocomputer it theis reap the important benefits over fear.” hope of triumph how or hopeful how is to this year answer trying is Davos that tion roles. administrative and office white-collar in losses greatest the In a Davos panel on the transformations driven by the Fourth In by Fourth driven the transformations the on panel In aDavos fearful the world should be. The challenge needs to be to have to be the needs challenge The be. should world the fearful Rwanda, observed. Even though much of Africa is only starting starting only is ofAfrica Even much though observed. Rwanda, ques “The advised. US, in the Facebook of Board the of Member impact, the report indicates that the nature of change over the change of nature the that indicates report the impact, lost through redundancy, automation or disintermediation, with disintermediation, or redundancy, automation through lost million new jobs, mainly in more specialized “job families”, specialized in more mainly such jobs, new million be as could many as jobs 7.1 that million such is years five next overall toof workers thrive. Interms for sets skill new requiring stressed the importance of enhancing dividends and bridging bridging and dividends ofenhancing importance the stressed from technologies various the harnessing of importance the scored of hope or fear,” , Chief Operating Officer and Officer Operating Chief Sandberg, fear,” or Sheryl hope of in terms happening world in the changes the about “Think divides. dustrial Revolution, government, business and technology leaders engineering. and architecture or mathematical and computer as markets, to labour also but models to business only not disruption intelligence that toareartificial biotechnology causing widespread Envisioning Revolution Industrial the Fourth THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 329 - -

2016 2016 “Technology has a huge multiplier effect on finding solutions to solutions finding on effect multiplier huge a has “Technology Turkson, of President Councilfor the andJusticePeace, Pontifical how is question “The to drive growth. key: improveThe productivity skills. on be should to have. emphasis debate The right the is That will be winners and losers in the Fourth Industrial Revolution, Kag Revolution, Industrial Fourth in the losers and winners will be As the 4th IR gains pace, inclusion is a major concern, argued argued concern, amajor is inclusion pace, gains 4th IR the As the dividend is going to get spread,” Nadella asked. “Is it going to “Is going it asked. spread,” to get Nadella going is dividend the to the spend money toso they people educate can findnew jobs.” improve there lives,” their can But that said. he technologies the to the common good. “The present moment offers the world a world the offers moment present “The good. to common the that there are fewer losers and more winners.” more and fewerlosers are there that In his special message to participants, read by Cardinal Peter by Cardinal read to participants, message In his special Pope Francis urged leaders “not to forget the poor” and to see the the to see and poor” “not the to forget leaders urged Francis Pope will have asociety we as lost, being jobs about worry than Rather of Micro Chief Nadella, Executive Officer Satya Co-Chair Meeting people of different economic strata?” economic different of people precious opportunity to guide and govern the transformations as transformations the govern and to guide opportunity precious to have access people even by having poorest the many problems sociated with the Fourth Industrial Revolution in a way that builds in away builds Revolution that Industrial Fourth with the sociated economy, the of to help to sectors all geographically, out spread divide? adigital or dividend “Is adigital there USA. Corporation, soft creation of jobs as an essential part of business leaders’ service service leaders’ business of part essential an as jobs of creation and gap to is the we “Our make narrow that sure job warned. ame Paul Kagame President of the Republic of Rwanda of Republic the of President Kagame Paul THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY

330 - - - year mandate, the role of the councils is to contribute analysis analysis to is contribute councils ofthe role the mandate, year A month later, the Forum launched the Centre for the Fourth In Fourth the for Centre the later,A month launched Forum the teraction, insight and impact on the scientific and technological technological and scientific the on impact and insight teraction, to create jobs, tackle inequality toand help create solve inequality society’s complex tackle jobs, trial Revolution. Successor to the Global Agenda Councils, the Councils, Agenda to Global the Successor Revolution. trial up…The have a ladder poor the well and [Fourth very wealthy do the theme in the of context the potential for the RevIndustrial Fourth In a keynote address, US Vice-President Biden took up the same same upthe took Biden Vice-President US In akeynote address, In September, the World Economic Forum announced that it would would it that announced Forum Economic World In September, the the out hollow to further potential the has Revolution Industrial] for the billions who are unable to be here today.” here to be unable are who billions the for Revolution will not be successful unless it creates opportunities opportunities creates it unless successful willRevolution be not inclusive societies. However, it brings diminished opportunities for for However, opportunities societies. diminished inclusive brings it ing 25 members representing acknowledged leaders from across across from leaders acknowledged representing 25 members ing shaping the shaping are that enablers and drivers the of understanding launch the Network of Global Future Councils to provide insight insight to provide Future Councils Global of Network the launch models of doing business that, while promoting the development development the that, promoting while business doing of models refreshed network consisted of distinct 35 panels, each compris Indus Fourth of the arrival the for communities and businesses PrimeCanadian Minister Justin taking office, months after Trudeau just Meeting Annual the creates at Speaking losers.” than winners more revolution digital the that sure make to – society of benefit to the changes these to bend responsibility our is It class. middle to hard work to willing anyone for possibilities the – possibilities serve the cause of human progress,” he said. “The Fourth Industrial Industrial Fourth “The said. he progress,” human of cause the serve dignified work for all.” for work dignified to them create of using capable also are technologies, of advanced to new create aneed is there “Clearly said. crisis,” pontiff the leaders among aresponsibility with it brings also that employment another. When the Center opened its doors in March 2017, in March doors its opened another. was it Center the When way the to relate we one live, altering and are work that changes in for aplatform as to serve Francisco in San Revolution dustrial to deepen Forum’s the of efforts in support ideas generate and atwo- With society. civil and business government, academia, governments, prepare help and challenges industry and gional re global, world’s critical the of most some to tackle vision and to “It by technology. new needs dazzled being against cautioned well, does class middle the life,” “When said. adecent achieve he about is class middle “The class. middle the to down pull olution Fourth Industrial Revolution Industrial Fourth THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 331 . ------

2016 2016 “Given the accelerating change brought on by contin innovation, on brought change “Given accelerating the Valls, Prime Minister of France, told participants. told France, of Minister Valls, Prime we need is more of Europe, rather than less of Europe,” of less than Manuel Europe, of rather more is we need member. a full “What as it keep would that Kingdom withUnited the At the Annual Meeting, the stresses pulling at European unity were unity European at pulling stresses the Meeting, At Annual the Angela Merkel cancelled her planned visit to Davos to attend to to to attend Davos visit planned her cancelled Merkel Angela were esti world the around people million 60 At time, arecord that the single market in digital services and energy, and signing trade energy, and trade signing and services in market digital single the Europe”. for hardwire “to wanted he outcome that best said the He European in areformed Kingdom United ofthe future the to secure to Eu the commitment countries’ their reiterated Netherlands the other Four technologies.” emerging of to impact the related tions Fran in San ever,” opening than ofthe ahead said Schwab Klaus or international an of office active globally permanent, first the that require help from the international community. The United United The community. international the from help require that for dialogue and collaborative action on the most important ques important most the on action collaborative and dialogue for Union, calling a possible deal “the best outcome for Britain and and Britain for outcome best “the deal apossible calling Union, Mounting political and social tensions in Europe over the refugee in over Europe refugee the tensions social and political Mounting Revolution in San Francisco, which will serve as a global platform platform aglobal as will which serve Francisco, in San Revolution Nations Refugee Agency said that just under 20 million people million people 20 under just that said Agency Refugee Nations British Minister Prime David reiterated Cameron his determination in a 52 percent-to-48-percent vote to leave. percent-to-48-percent in a52 uous public-private cooperation on a global level is needed more more level needed is aglobal on cooperation public-private uous million had reached Europe by the end of 2015. German Chancellor Chancellor 2015. of German by Europe end the reached had million 1 than More refugees. as countries in lives other new found had countries by developing hosted 85% them of some persecution, mated to have to forced been flee theirhomes by war, and violence acompromise to reach everything to do pledged and Union ropean Centres for the Fourth Industrial Revolution would eventually be be eventually would Revolution Industrial Fourth the for Centres and migrant crisis was also a priority issue at the Annual Meeting. Meeting. Annual the at issue apriority also was crisis migrant and date for the UK’s referendum on EU membership, which resulted resulted which EU membership, on UK’s the for referendum date the as 23 June set would Cameron in Davos, of his appearance Within amonth world. the of parts fastest-growing with the deals bureaucracy, completing by into cutting EU” the competitiveness and Germany, France, from Greece leaders Senior focus. a major to challenges. 4th IR solutions developing for hubs of – established in China, Japan, India and Dubai – creating a network Industrial Fourth the for Centre our of purpose the is “This cisco. Area. Bay in the ganization THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY

332 ------Annual Meeting in her stead. in her Meeting Annual the state of the world. Tara’s ed world. the of state the world-class provides foundation in the participated Gauck Joachim President growing problem. the In October, the World Economic Forum recognized Sarik Tara, Sarik recognized Forum Economic In October, World the re Schwab, Germany, Klaus in Gütersloh, aceremony at In June, Ki- Ban Nations United of the Secretary-General the In Davos, Founder and Honorary Chairman, Enka Construction and Industry, Industry, and Enka Construction Chairman, Honorary and Founder Board. Executive Foundation ucation and supports sports programmes for youngucation sports and people. supports leaders and statesmen who have shown commitment to improving ness Statesman Award to honour the achievements of business business of achievements the Award to honour Statesman ness of the Vice-Chairwoman , from preneurship Jim Yong Bank jointly World the of Kim President the and moon one of Turkey’s largest construction companies, with the first Busi first the with companies, construction largest Turkey’s of one Entre Responsible Prize for Mohn Reinhard prestigious the ceived countries. developing and developed from leaders government include would group the Mexico, and of by presidents the Co-chaired targets. related and (SDG) Goal water, for Development sanitation Sustainable the on to action mobilize urgent apanel intention to their form announced William Adams and Schwab &Klaus Hilde Eliasson, Olafur Yao Chen, DiCaprio, Leonardo THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 333 - - - -

2016 2017 , President of the People’s Republic of China of Republic People’s the of President Jinping, Xi “Many of the problems troubling the world are not caused by eco caused not are world the troubling “Many problems the of Trump took office on 20 January 2017, the closing day of the Annual Annual the of day closing the 2017, January 20 on office took Trump When participants arrived in Davos for the 47th Annual Meeting Meeting Annual 47th the for in Davos arrived participants When with solving the problems.” But he warned: “We should recognize recognize “We should warned: he problems.” But the with solving de its what yet unclear was it though era, anew entering was with Washington. with Washington. tured headlines at Davos with his address at the opening plenary plenary opening the at with his address Davos at headlines tured We to future. assembled the only we now looking are And past. the as of election The be. would characteristics fining Industrial RevolutionIndustrial technologies. for the world’s problems, as that is not the case and it will not help help will it not and case the not is that as world’s the for problems, on, From this land. moment will our govern anew vision forward, President Trump would bring his worldview to the Annual Meeting Meeting Trump to Annual the worldview his President bring would “America his First” forth put he address, inaugural Inhis Meeting. in 2018 but, this year, China’s cap was it who Jinping Xi President First.”it’s America to be going nation’s each for and relations order global the for mean would it leader delivered a robust defence of globalization, stressing Chi stressing globalization, of defence a robust delivered leader nomic globalization,” Xi argued, citing the global refugee crisis as as crisis refugee global the citing globalization,” argued, nomic Xi to responsibilities international its fulfilling to na’s commitment city, in in every heard to be decree anew issuing are today here is that But entire the world. across redistributed then and homes amatter was earlier months two States United the of president session three days before the Trump inauguration. The Chinese Trump the Chinese before days The three inauguration. session an an example. “There is no point in globalization blaming economic by Fourth caused disruptions the of face in the creation job and growth economic of drivers new for need the and change, climate contribute to addressing pressing global challenges, including ofpower. hall in every and From this day capital, foreign every their from ripped been has class middle of our wealth “The agenda: what on with questions in world, the country every for concern world the that asense was there Forum, Economic World the of 2017 2017 Responsible Leadership and Responsive - - - -

2017 2017 Talk of greater globalization can make people fearful. We must not not We must fearful. Talk make people can globalization of greater Kingdom’s United decision the that, despite asserted May Theresa Yet “we may be at a point where globalization is ending”, is Yet globalization where “we apoint warned at may be zation or the positive contributions to global peace and security security and peace to global contributions positive the or zation Xi was not the only global leader to affirm the benefits of globali of benefits the affirm to leader global only the not was Xi Trade World the joining of wisdom the doubted had remarked, Xi War II. “There will be a new president in the US, but the challenges challenges the but US, in the a new president willWar be “There II. who feel that the modern world has left them behind.” them left has world modern the that feel who that governing elites do not represent them have led to growing have them led represent not do elites governing that by made will be choices they unravel, or these us, bind that ties the United States and Europe to confirm thealliance transatlantic seriously.”takethese economic that difficulties theall Despite pitfalls sword. The adouble-edged is globalization economic that to global security are somehow at risk of being undermined. The The undermined. being of risk at somehow are security to global In her special address to Davos participants, British Prime Minister Minister Prime British participants, to Davos address special In her founded in 1975. Inequality and a sense among the middle class class middle the among a sense and in 1975. Inequality founded the serve to is governments as responsibility first our that forget to failed hear for their too concerns long.” Brexit was the outcome Ray Dalio, Founder, Co-Chairman and Co-Chief Investment Officer Ray Investment Dalio, and Officer Founder,Co-Chief Co-Chairman resentment. “Populism scares me,” Dalio declared in a plenary in aplenary me,” declared scares Dalio “Populism resentment. that tapping at aimed movements political and discontent popular people of to concerns the to respond more to do We need people. remained country her Union, to European the leave by referendum session. Calling the problem “the number-one issue for market for issue number-one “the problem the Calling session. sense among the public is that mainstream political leaders have leaders political mainstream that is public the among sense Organization (WTO), anyway.Organization so did strategic but right the was It of Bridgewater Associates, an investment management firm he firm management investment an Associates, Bridgewater of Britain”, with us… “We haveglobal to take people the proposed. she atruly to “chose build British The conceded. May of this failure, key is that system international rules-based the underpin that es “Forc globalization. and trade free markets, to free committed nation.” single every exclusively on Washington’s Whether leadership. we reinforce the hinge not do community we international an make as choices and World of end the to since Europe stability brought had that order international liberal the to defend to together work continue and on called Biden R. Joseph Vice-President US office, from down Two stepping cooperation. before multilateral days and regional of later.” or sooner ocean in the drowned will get one storm, bracing the of always afraid is “If one concluded. he choice, China, to off. write it reason no was there caused, had globalization to we need and bare laid have been globalization economic of THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY

336 - - The accelerating pace of change threatens to create wider income income to wider create threatens of change pace accelerating The Techo Hun Sen were among the ASEAN business, government and and government business, ASEAN the Techo were among Sen Hun Viet Nam committed to doing so under an agreement its govern its agreement an under so to doing committed Nam Viet velopment stage, we must look to the future and understand the the understand and to future the look we must stage, velopment zation and technological change. But “can the middle be cohesive cohesive be “can middle But the change. technological and zation would host would the host World Economic Forum on for the ASEAN first time in the capital Phnom the Penh. The Phnom capital Forum an presented exceptional Glob InMay, ASEAN. of Cambodia founding the of anniversary 50th the citizens our that ensuring and economy our ‘future-proofing’ to and trade, the infrastructure future and of to manufacturing expand Revolution. Industrial Fourth the of transformations wrenching the we don’t create that so effort extra an in“We have US: to put the technological development can accelerate and increase digital future. Added Vishal Sikka, Chief Executive Officer of Infosys in Infosys of Officer Executive Chief Sikka, Vishal Added future. Participants continued to engage in deep discussions about the the about discussions in deep to engage continued Participants Prime Minister Phuc and his Cambodian counterpart Samdech Samdech counterpart Cambodian his and Phuc Minister Prime Prime Minister of Viet Nam, explained. “We that hope strongly our Fund, Monetary International ofthe Director Managing Lagarde, ipation ipation at 2017 This the was Meeting. since Annual fitting marked is responsible and responsive leadership, business, government leadership and contribution to peace. The Colombian Government Government Colombian The to peace. contribution and leadership security, food as such in areas initiatives ongoing on laborating ruptions to life and work caused by all the emerging technologies. technologies. emerging by the all caused work and to life ruptions globali on back its turn not should participants”, world the said he ment concluded with the World Economic Forum to continue col to continue Forum Economic World with the concluded ment Executive Chief and Chairman Benioff, Marc cautioned refugees,” said. Each country will have to set out its action plan to prepare for for to prepare plan action will its have out to set country Each said. Officer of Salesforce in the US, in a session on preparing for this for preparing on session a in US, the in Salesforce of Officer challenge posed by the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the dis the and Revolution Industrial by Fourth the posed challenge won’t in control?” be extremes the that so enough and the 2016 winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, to recognize his Prize, to recognize Peace Nobel 2016 the of the winner and Colombia of President Santos, Award Manuel to Juan Statesman al partic Asian South-East for arecord set who leaders society civil journey.” development our from to benefit continue will contribute Forum Economic World with the cooperation great de anew on even “As further. embarking is Nam cooperation Viet will help,” that policies Christine in place to put moment opportune “We have now an agreed. in Davos leaders the society civil and required is What displacements.” the to addressing and education to commitment adeep means That have-nots. of society a bigger that possible is it where “Wea point at are gaps. opportunity and opportunities and challenges that lie ahead,” Nguyen Xuan Phuc, Xuan Phuc, lie ahead,” that Nguyen challenges and opportunities RESPONSIVE ANDRESPONSIBLELEADERSHIP 337 ------

2017 2017 “today most of our operations take place in countries where there there where in countries take place operations ofour most “today Trump would have to reshape ties with China and Russia and recast recast and Trump Russia and with China ties have would to reshape that session with a closing ended appropriately meeting Davos The was an assertion by China of its participation in the construction construction in the participation its of by China assertion an was creation in the help process, in that and, contribute must it where António Guterres made his first appearance, who had been Prime Prime whobeenAntónio had his made Guterres firstappearance, the more than 120 participants at the opening were the CEOs of were CEOs the opening the at 120 than participants more the world developing the and Asia from elements new and tegrating a “laid out had Jinping Xi President Chinese Meeting, Annual the to open speech Inhis counselled. he alliance, transatlantic the to the conflict.”He best“Theconcluded: prevention is sustainable his that participants told He Nations. United the of tary-General find a definition of the American role that answers the concern in concern the answers that role American the of definition a find In March, the World Economic Forum opened the Centre for the for Centre the opened Forum Economic World the In March, Ed Lee, and Governor Jay R. Inslee of the US state of Washington Washington of state US the of Inslee R. Jay Governor and Ed Lee, city’s mayor, The Francisco. in San Revolution Industrial Fourth Secre as in role new his 1995 to 2002, from Portugal of Minister is that the international order with which we are familiar is disin is with we which familiar are order international the that is who Kissinger, A. Henry statesman by American remarks included is no peace to keep. Peace-keepers become, inevitably, parties that over UN’s ofthe 70% for observed he budget, accounts ing major technology companies, as well companies, as the major technology of presidents five top and governments NGOs to how discuss academics, nies, experts, lead, can America where and what define and role leadership ble indispensa upits giving is America that world the of many parts organization’s the and to reform be would UN the peace at priority science and technology allpolicies can benefit and ofscience technology society. Among to to bring established was ceremony. the at Centre spoke The 1973 from to 1977. State of of words had Secretary He US as served its architecture, towardsrecalibrating focus security prevention – global research universities. world’s the compa leading venture capitalists, start-ups, gether entering.”are period our of order. key the of problems international anew of One “It noted. challenges”, its and Kissinger globalization for concept order.” international an of Trump leader. US “President incoming the will have for to advice and inclusive development.” and not just – resolution of Pointingconflict. out thatpeace-keep conflict. civil 52-year the to end negotiations of years four after 2018 in November agreement apeace signed had forces rebel and THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY

338 ------“Never before have we human beings been presented with such with such presented been have beings we“Never human before backdrop the against progress continued making is world “The The World Economic Forum on Africa was held in Durban, South South in Durban, held was Africa on Forum Economic World The Technology and Growth: Securing ASEAN’s Digital and Demo and Digital ASEAN’s Securing Growth: and Technology “Youth, theme the under opened Forum’s meeting The ASEAN were shaping the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The technology technology The Revolution. Industrial Fourth the were shaping Africa, in May. During the meeting, the Forum and the Government Government the and in Forum May. the meeting, the Africa, During that small farmers are now able to connect to in cit big markets to connect able are now farmers small that Revo Industrial “Achievingtheme Fourth in the Growth Inclusive collaboration. public-private of models new through In April, the World Economic Forum on Latin America took place place took America Latin on Forum Economic World the In April, for All project, which aimed to bring millions of South Africans, Africans, South of millions to bring aimed which project, All for for inclusive growth to ensure that the negative effects of tech of effects negative the that to ensure growth inclusive for 11th the for stage the set Annual meetings regional these at focus Sea in Jordan. At the meeting, the Forum and the International International the and Forum the At meeting, the in Jordan. Sea Li was positive about the Fourth Industrial Revolution. He noted noted He Revolution. Industrial Fourth the about positive was Li and sectors economies, all across Revolution Industrial Fourth the of impact widespread the acknowledged China, of Republic China, to Dalian, brought which Champions, New the of Meeting Bank World ofthe arm private-sector the Corporation, Finance Dead the at convened Africa North and East Middle the on Forum in Buenos Aires, Argentina, under the theme “Fostering Develop “Fostering theme the under Argentina, Aires, in Buenos ies. China’s concept of mass entrepreneurship has led to 14,000 to 14,000 led has entrepreneurship China’s mass of ies. concept time first the for internet the onto areas, rural in those including lack of inclusive growth will lead to idle workforces and resources.” and workforces to idle will lead growth inclusive of lack People’s the of Premier Keqiang, lution”. Li address, opening Inhis ment and Entrepreneurship in the Fourth Industrial Revolution”. Industrial Fourth in the Entrepreneurship and ment mass entrepreneurship,” Li explained. “This has not only created created entrepreneurship,” only not “This has mass explained. Li for platform daily. open an registered “Wenewly have fostered limited. be would disruptions nological strategies ofpursuing importance the stressing models, business strong. But if we are committed, we will prevail.” we if Li: committed, are But “If Warned in strong. Group, brought together 100 start-ups form the Arab world that that world Arab the form start-ups 100 together brought Group, of South Africa announced the launch of the South Africa Internet Internet Africa South the of launch the announced Africa South of given people the opportunity to change their lives.” their to change opportunity the people given also has it but oftailor-made new jobs, number unimaginable an The fairness. ofachieving challenge the and growth of inclusive alack of problem the create taken, are this can measures adequate yet not is Yet development. economy for global the opportunities participants. told Li globalization,” Premier this economic of new the under countries 80 than more from participants over 2,000 Economic World the month, Dividends”.graphic same the Later RESPONSIVE ANDRESPONSIBLELEADERSHIP 339 ------

2017 2017 “If we don’t engage in partnership, we make will headway,” not in partnership, “If we don’t engage Week, the World Economic Forum convened the inaugural Sus will boost our innovation capacity. Innovations are crucial for the the for crucial are Innovations capacity. innovation our will boost This case. abusiness is This cooperation. public-private without At the opening session, government and business leaders agreed agreed leaders business and government session, At opening the transition to a new sustainable society.” Warned Miroslav Lajcák, society.” Lajcák, Miroslav to sustainable Warned anew transition the Foreign Minister of Slovakia, who was serving as president president as serving was who of Slovakia, Minister Foreign the partic told Sweden, of Minister this journey,” Prime Löfven, Stefan up upto speed stepped be should cooperation public-private that York in New Summit aim with the Impact Development tainable ipants. “Goals matter. If we are to succeed, we also need business, business, need we also matter. “Goals we If to are succeed, ipants. partnerships part of our work for every goal, we won’t goal, any achieve every for work our of part partnerships Development Sustainable the of in support innovations nological ships needed to implement the 2030 goals.” 2030 the to implement needed ships Concurrent with the United Nations General Assembly Leaders Leaders Assembly General Nations United with the Concurrent Goals (SDGs) and the Paris Agreement to combat climate change. climate to combat (SDGs) Agreement Paris the Goals and of the 72nd United Nations General Assembly: “If we don’t make Assembly: General Nations United 72nd of the progress no will be There unions. trade and society civil academia, to time on waste no is “There by 2030. to SDGs achieve the action oftech deployment the accelerating and up solutions of scaling agreed Ameenah Gurib-Fakim, President of the Republic of Mau Republic of the President Gurib-Fakim, Ameenah agreed partner the seeing from we far still are But growing in response. are partnerships and interconnected, more is world The them. of THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY Børge Brende, President of the World Economic Forum Economic World the of President Brende, Børge

340 - - - - - “these partnerships are the real keys to putting in place the solu the in place keys real the are to putting partnerships “these Tropical Forest Alliance 2020, an initiative hosted by the Forum, by Forum, the initiative an hosted 2020, Tropical Alliance Forest November, 28 On the partnerships. more two launched Forum The Delhi in New Summit Economic India 33rd with the ended year The fac challenges key the on geostrategic public To global the engage will all be affected by climate change. This is why is we This have to go change. by climate affected be will all security food “Water and decisions. policy to makewomen, better Agreement to address it, Al Gore, the Vice-President of the Unit the of Vice-President the Gore, it, Al to address Agreement the Forum’sthe Meeting. Annual for agendas industry and regional into global, the fed then that tools Forum’sthe useful havewhich Transformation become Maps International Stockholm the Corporation, RAND Group, Crisis tional We We have ability. have the tools. the we We that need. tions the maps, which became publicly accessible in November 2017. in November accessible publicly became which maps, the In remarks referring to the climate change challenge and the Paris Paris the and challenge to change climate the referring In remarks for public-private partnerships.” for policy-makers and strategists seeking to understand the inter the to understand seeking strategists and policy-makers for of global range a wide on content analyses and aggregates form Many Russia. and Korea of Republic the Japan, India, China, from Peace Research Institute and the Woodrow Wilson International International Wilson Woodrow the and Institute Research Peace and research featured It Collaboration. Geostrategic for Platform facilitating.” is Forum ideas and solutions for responsible and responsive leadership generated Future Councils in mid-November. Global in Dubai The in – October under the theme “Creating Narratives on Chal Global from institutions and experts from input the on building issues Global its launched in October, Forum the world, multipolar the ing lenges” – and the Annual Meeting of the Global Future Councils Councils Future Global the of Meeting Annual the and – lenges” promote inclusion, particularly through the greater involvement of of involvement greater the through particularly inclusion, promote ritius. the She stressed to need bring together strong institutions have since joined the network. The strategic intelligence plat intelligence strategic The network. the joined have since so with the private-public cooperation that the World Economic Economic World the that cooperation with private-public the so Center for Scholars, along with other anchor think-tank partners think-tank anchor with other partners along Scholars, for Center and robust scientific research and data, bolster accountability and and and and scientificrobust accountability research data,bolster change to cybercrime. By 2020, over 250,000 people were using were using people over 250,000 2020, By to cybercrime. change climate from change of drivers the and issues among connections are platform the of At heart Forum’s the the across ecosystem. world the around from institutes policy and organizations other Interna the States, United the of Atlantic Council the from analysis we will and do we have but quickly to winning this, are win more it that observed trustee, aForum and to 1993 2001 from States ed RESPONSIVE ANDRESPONSIBLELEADERSHIP 341 ------

2017 2017 Collective intelligence action. for effective to solutions. any discern of particular unanticipated consequences and them sequence to how and implement be to need that measure of thinkers policy and makers they policy in out assist thefiguring suite effective strategies for addressing specific challenges. For example, most the devise to means ahandy also but works world complex the how into insight valuable just not offer Maps Transformation The and specialized media outlets around the world. from leading research Intelligenceinstitutionsthe platform Strategic into feed analysis and research latest the as refreshed, constantly is international organizations, or other research institutions. Each map the Transformation Maps with from experts universities, think tanks, co-curates Forum The over 120 into topics. insight and knowledge correlations among the accumulated expert- and machine-analysed and links the of visualizations interactive Maps, Transformation the are platform the of At core the public. general the of number growing a as well as world, the across by organizations used tools knowledge of set data-driven adynamic into evolved has Intelligence Strategic so decisions. issues effective and informed more make can they that global among interconnections fluid the of sense make ers lead society civil and business government, help tools unique These industries and economies, globalmational issues. change across transfor driving forces complex the into insight into data that turns – events from to its – blog intelligence, and, with the help of artificial through gathered and ideas all information collates itsform activities The World Economic Forum’s innovative Strategic Intelligence plat Transformation Mapping Strategic Intelligence and Turning Insight: into Information - - - “The World Economic Forum has entered a new phase, reflect phase, new a entered has Forum Economic World “The Trustees: “The Board welcomes the separation of the functions of of functions the of separation the Trustees: welcomes Board “The World Trade Platform (eWTP) and the Forum established the En the (eWTP) established Trade Forum the World and Platform when it became the International Organization for Public-Private Public-Private for Organization International the became it when Added Peter Brabeck-Letmathe, Vice-Chairman of the Board of Board of the Vice-Chairman Brabeck-Letmathe, Peter Added the World Economic Forum, particularly now when cooperation is is cooperation when now particularly Forum, Economic World the the leadership quality of Børge Brende and the top-level experi top-level the and Brende Børge of quality leadership the the Brende, Børge nominated had Forum Economic World of the tees micro, small to how of enable understanding aclearer to develop In this position, Brende would chair the managing board, which has has which board, managing the chair would Brende position, In this forest within the country’s borders. The TFA 2020 Colombia Alli Colombia TFA The 2020 borders. within country’s the forest face,” Schwab said. “Børge Brende has the leadership and political political and leadership the has Brende “Børge face,” said. Schwab Foreign Minister of Norway, to the new role of President of the Forum. Forum. of the of Norway, Minister Foreign of President to newrole the ing the increased need for collaborative efforts of governments, governments, of efforts collaborative for need increased the ing uted to the mission-oriented spirit of the World Economic Forum.” Economic World ofthe spirit to mission-oriented the uted needed more than ever to shape our future.” our ever than to shape more needed of development successful the to enhance and to continue place holder platform to protect over 60 million hectares of Amazon rain Amazon of hectares million over 60 to protect platform holder to astake create Colombia of Government with the forces joined his previous service as a managing board member, he also contrib member, also he board amanaging as service his previous we challenges manifold the to address society civil and business between global e-commerce practice and policy. stakeholders for opportunity the provide initiative would merce sion of the statutes and regulations of the World Economic Forum Forum Economic World the of regulations and statutes the of sion organization. of the development overall the strategic for sponsible On 11 Trade Electronic On the World the December, Organization, On 15 September, Klaus Schwab announced that the Board of Trus of Board the that announced Schwab 15On September, Klaus Cooperation. I am confident that with the vision of Klaus Schwab, Klaus that withof vision the I am confident Cooperation. abling E-commerce initiative to drive public-private dialogue on on dialogue initiative to drive public-private E-commerce abling by 2020. Amazon in the to have zero deforestation aimed net ance ence of the managing board members, we have the best team in team we have best the members, board managing the of ence revi the in year last foreseen president, and chairman executive during and with distinction, Norway served has He cooperation. international for relevance increased our ensure to experience re remain would Schwab Chairman, Executive As activities. and for the responsibility execution collective of the Forum’s strategies abridge as serve and by MSMEs faced challenges practical the on sharing knowledge and research encourage also would It globe. the around (MSME) e-commerce enterprise medium-sized and WTO’s E-com the of Enabling 11th The Conference. Ministerial margins the on Aires in Buenos place took launch The e-commerce. RESPONSIVE ANDRESPONSIBLELEADERSHIP 343 ------

2017 2018 President Donald J. Trump with Klaus Schwab Klaus Trump with J. Donald President “always firstput –America just likeof the leaders other countries Just four days before Trump’s before days had four administration his Just appearance, was robust. Unemployment among African Americans, Hispanic At the Annual Meeting, the president reiterated his promise to promise his reiterated president the Meeting, At Annual the “I am observed. he were all-time lows, at women and Americans, the United States. America is open for business and we com are and business for open is America States. United the turn a blind eye to unfair economic practices, including massive massive including practices, eye economic to ablind unfair turn it but trade, free support We alone. America mean not does first markets two the of decoupling possible the about to questions turn out to be the movefirst in the abetween major dispute trade In his address, President Trump took credit for the US economy’s Trump economy’s US the for President credit took address, In his US and China that would unfold over the coming months and lead lead and months over coming the unfold would that China and US Bill Clinton in 2000) to participate in a World Economic Forum An Forum Economic in aWorld to participate in 2000) Clinton Bill (after president US sitting second the J. Trump only Donald became intellectual property theft, industrial subsidies and pervasive pervasive and subsidies industrial theft, property intellectual unfair trade undermines us all. The United States will no longer longer will no States United The all. us undermines trade unfair noting that the stock markets were setting records, consumer consumer records, were setting markets stock the that noting needs to be fair and it needs to be reciprocal because, in the end, end, in the because, reciprocal to be needs it and fair to be needs would measure This US. the to China’s exports among products again.” once petitive to time hire, to to to invest grow build, in and abetter never been has “There said. president the message,” asimple to deliver here generate. naturally would power in 2016 by campaigning won election had he That Meeting. nual state-led planning.” insisted, also”. he “America But, first country their put should administration, his of year first the in growth economic strong and manufacturing confidence were soaring, and job creation job and soaring, were confidence manufacturing and and even about a reversal of globalization. globalization. of areversal even about and two machines, washing and panels solar on tariffs announced global major a of leader any that participants among excitement the heightened globalism of critical agenda “America an on First” Shared Future in Future in Shared 2018 a Fractured World - -

2018 2018 “We will have to accept that globalization is slowly losing its lustre,” its losing slowly is globalization that “We will have to accept fo more and more becoming are countries and “Many societies World War II – do they even reflect the aspirations and dreams of dreams and aspirations the reflect eventhey do – II War World with the existential challenges of climate change and terrorism. terrorism. and change climate of challenges existential the with transnational institutions. “These global organizations created after Earlier, in the opening plenary, Indian Prime Minister Modi Narendra Minister Prime Earlier, Indian plenary, opening in the Modi warned that the gap between the capacity of global govern global of capacity the between gap the that warned Modi lationism and inward-looking nations. among attitudes He em not isolation,” he asserted. “The solution is accepting and under and accepting is solution “The isolation,” asserted. not he of inadequacies the on this in part blamed but acknowledged, he aggressively was India greed. not need, and consumption on based world natural with the harmony of tradition Indian the phasized mankind and the reality of today?” he asked. he today?” of reality the and mankind standing change and formulating policies in line with the changing and unsustainable. “The solution to this worrisome situation is situation to this worrisome solution “The unsustainable. and large too now was countries ofdeveloping needs the and ance trend this troubling comparing lamented, he themselves,” on cused reported. he sources, energy renewable developing iso and terrorism change, climate including challenges, global pressing most the addressing for a model as his country offered French President THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY

346 - - - - - “The father of India, the respected , said: ‘I do not ‘I not said: do Gandhi, Mahatma respected the India, of father “The The fractures emerging in the world were making people forget that that forget people were making world in the emerging fractures The the highlighted beginning just was fight trade US-China the That aShared “Creating was Meeting Annual 48th the of theme The Yet I will not accept my feet being uprooted by these winds.’ by these The uprooted being Yet my feet accept Iwill not verging new technologies from artificial intelligence to quantum quantum to intelligence artificial from technologies new verging Development Sustainable the in achieving progress vironment, want the walls and the windows of my house to be closed from all all from closed to be my of windows the house and walls want the with stress and emotions surging due to rapid changes brought on on brought changes to rapid due surging emotions and with stress times.” What is needed is a new kind of globalism that does not not does that globalism of kind a new is times.” needed is What tunity and a source of concern. At the Annual Meeting, the World World the Meeting, At Annual the concern. of asource and tunity governance. and systems regional and in global weaknesses the 2018 revealed Risks Report Global The future. they have ashared en ofthe protection the security, international as such terests, in shared crucial pursue to cooperation international reaffirm to In this regard, advances in technology are clearly both an oppor an both clearly are in technology advances In this regard, Survey, near ofthe Perception Risks Global annual report’s In the for participants was to identify the opportunities for addressing addressing for opportunities the to was identify participants for India of today has accepted this view.” accepted has today of India Head of Society And Innovation, a sequel to Schwab’s a sequel Innovation, And 2016 best Society of Head Industrial Fourth the Revolution Shaping released Forum Economic Future in a Fractured World”. on findingfocused ways Participants increasing geostrategic competition and divisions between states states between divisions and competition geostrategic increasing ly 1,000 experts surveyed, 93% expected political or economic economic or political expected 93% surveyed, experts 1,000 ly mounting around hotspots erupting mounting the conflicts in security world. to rates -level reaching loss from – brink pace to accelerating upwith keep the struggling is world the how of proliferation the and technologies Revolution Industrial by Fourth so longstanding how underscored in many countries movements seek to sweep away national and cultural differences, he argued. argued. he differences, cultural and away to sweep national seek selling book that brought to global attention the power of con power the attention to global brought that book selling Goals (SDGs), and maintaining stable growth and balance in the (SDGs), balance and Goals growth stable maintaining and directions but that the winds of all countries come in with aplomb. in with aplomb. come countries of all winds the that but directions often contentious and divisive debate playing out on social media. social on out playing debate divisive and contentious often broken down, had or pressure under were coming contracts cial populist disruptive politically of rise The within economies. and global economy. co-authored by Klaus Schwab and Nicholas Davis, the Forum’s the Davis, Nicholas and Schwab by Klaus co-authored challenge The to worsen. powers major between confrontations to the systems macro and micro pushing is Humanity change. of SHARED FUTUREINAFRACTURED WORLD 347 ------

2018 2018 “It took the world more than a decade to develop a collective re acollective to develop adecade than more world the “It took The second volume aimed to help leaders develop techniques techniques develop leaders to help aimed volume second The 12 sets of emerging technologies from a systems perspective and and perspective asystems from technologies 12 emerging of sets we work, live and act. If we act now, we have the opportunity to now, we If act act. live we and havewe opportunity work, the Fourth the system, governance sustainable and within inclusive an Adopting “systems leadership” is necessary, Schwab argued, given given argued, Schwab necessary, is “systems leadership” Adopting the United Arab Emirates would participate in work of the Centre Centre the of in work participate Emirates would Arab United the Brazil and ofDenmark, governments the that announced Forum the ofas prospects improve and lives the meaningfully and tainably to the of time to respond “If amount we take same the book. the develops technology Unless impact. disruptive their to manage are devel technologies which these at speed unprecedented the use. and development their shaping are that the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). Bank and Inter-Americanthe Development government Each Industrial Revolution could worsen income inequality, leaving bil leaving inequality, income worsen could Revolution Industrial In June, at the World Economic Forum Industry Strategy Meeting, Meeting, Strategy Industry Forum Economic World the at In June, for the Fourth Industrial Revolution, joining the governments of governments the joining Revolution, Industrial Fourth the for Bahrain, India, Japan, Rwanda and the United Kingdom, as well as well as as Kingdom, United the and Rwanda Japan, India, Bahrain, to opportunity Revolution,we the will have Industrial lost Fourth affil of network a by supported be soon would which Francisco, institution would be partnering with leading businesses, start-ups, start-ups, businesses, with leading partnering be would institution thedevelopmentinfluence of thatshape the the way technologies agile an developing at aimed all world, the around centres iated lions of people behind and wasting the opportunity to deploy these these to deploy opportunity the wasting and behind people of lions necessary to harness technological advances to solve critical critical to solve advances technological to harness necessary many people as possible.” challenges. global address to help tools new values and institutions norms, rules, the appreciate tohow better to creation the led newbook the on Work work. live and people shape the trajectory of emerging technology and will be piloted piloted will be and technology emerging of trajectory the shape to will policy. help new policies The new approaches pilot and sign tosponse climate change,” Schwab remarked at the launch of civil society, academia and international organizations to co-de organizations international and academia society, civil sus – intelligence artificial as such – technologies that ensure rely people which on companies and regulators governments, of approaches the redundant or obsolete rendering is which oping, to understanding guide apractical offered It challenges. global governance for business cooperation and platform government. in San Revolution Industrial Forum’sof the Fourth the for Centre wayshow – negative and positive both in – to disrupt computing THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY

348 ------As he had done in previous years, Pope Francis prepared a speech aspeech prepared Francis Pope years, in previous done had he As in this year’s Annual participants 3,000 than more the Among to participants, which was read by Cardinal Peter Turkson, Peter by Cardinal read was which Prefect to participants, technology for society.” pub for hub aglobal is Network Revolution Industrial Fourth the unprecedent at advancing are year.the “Emerging technologies for the business community to bring people together to solve per to solve together people to bring community business the for Schwab said at the Industry Strategy Meeting. “The Centre for for Centre “The Meeting. Strategy Industry the at said Schwab Network, similar centres would open in Japan, China and India over India and China in Japan, open would centres similar Network, Meeting were an unprecedented number of global leaders, in leaders, ofglobal number were unprecedented an Meeting international organizations. up the theme of the meeting, the pontiff again offered a rallying cry cry arallying offered again pontiff the meeting, the of theme the up lic-private cooperation to help governments and businesses adopt potential to effect substantial change by increasing the quality of of quality the by increasing change substantial to effect potential Revolution Industrial Fourth the for Centre aglobal of build-out the of part As world. the around businesses and by governments sistent global problems. “The entrepreneurial world has enormous enormous has world entrepreneurial “The problems. global sistent of the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development. Taking Development. Human Integral Promoting for Dicastery of the major of chiefs 38 and government and state of 70 heads cluding agile topolicies governance maximize the ofbenefits and science putting enormous speed, pressureed on regulatory frameworks,” SHARED FUTUREINAFRACTURED WORLD 349 Pelé andPelé Malala Yousafzai - - - -

2018 2018 The CPTPP would be a game changer, Trudeau agame would be It would maintained. CPTPP The would be known as the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement Agreement Progressive and Comprehensive the as known be would of prosperity the encourages that one future, secure want amore that his country that and his the country 10 remaining of members the Trans-Pacific participants from applause to resounding tin Trudeau announced to jobs.” their threat a but lives, personal their to benefit a is technology them, to the responsibility our neglect “We cannot decades. past the towards true north” – authentic shared values. shared –authentic north” towards true In his special address to participants, Canadian Prime Minister Jus Minister Prime Canadian to participants, address special In his for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP). President with President had (CPTPP). Trump Partnership Trans-Pacific for Partnership, or TPP, had reached an agreement in Tokyo TPP, what or on agreement an reached Partnership, had people who matter most – the people who aren’t here in Davos fighting laws, labour respecting jobs, new creating productivity, agine how the folks who aren’t in this room must be feeling. For For feeling. be aren’t who must folks in this the room how agine im anxious, are you “If participants. told be,” he will never and over trade global of fruits the of distribution inequitable the correct intact. accord the keep could in agreement the countries other the whether about leaving questions 2017, in office taking after soon TPP the from US the drawn justice,” “If we said. he social promoting and corruption against all, then it is necessary to keep the compass continually oriented oriented continually compass to the keep necessary is it then all, THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY , Prime Minister of Canada of Minister Prime Trudeau, Justin

350 - - - “Me Too, Time’s Up, the Women’s March – these movements tell movements these Too,– Women’s“Me Time’sthe March Up, The Canadian leader, who drew international attention when he when attention leader, drew who international Canadian The The Global Fund to End Modern Slavery (GFEMS) pub Slavery another was Fund to End Modern Global The (PACE) to take action to tackle urgent environmental challenges (PACE) challenges environmental urgent to to tackle take action with globalization. with I globalization. have because to fight withparty a nationalist Also in Davos, the heads of some of the world’s largest compa world’s the of largest some of heads the in Davos, Also took office in took 2015 office for cabinet, aputting together gender-balanced that exchanges the typical cycle of make-use-dispose in favour of of favour in make-use-dispose of cycle typical the exchanges that de didn’t we because – country own my in fears many are there key The to was globalization. about people’s concerns to address those who have been forgotten and left behind by globalization – – by globalization behind left and forgotten have been who those that had made the headlines in many countries around the world. world. the around in many countries headlines the made had that funding from the United States and the United Kingdom, the mem the Kingdom, United the and States United the from funding the of members The pollution. to waste plastic electronic from Economy Circular the Accelerating for Platform the of formation Later, French President Emmanuel Macron also spoke of the need need the of spoke also Macron Emmanuel Later, French President us that we need to have a critical discussion on women’s on discussion to rights, have a critical we that need us lic-private partnership launched at the Annual Meeting. With initial initial With Meeting. Annual the at launched partnership lic-private of out to is get solution the think that people properly. Some livery not only the right thing to do but also makes economic sense. He He sense. economic makes also but to thing do right the only not is it that arguing equality, gender for case impassioned an made requires a coherent global strategy and mobilization of resources of resources mobilization and strategy global a coherent requires ge and sectors across to collaborate aimed coalition the of bers economy acircular for advocate would partnership public-private Company, Philips Royal Coca-Cola The Alphabet, as such nies, relationship its and change by structural affected much very been has “France competitive. more economies other and make France Officer of theGFEMS, Officer explained. it “Addressing in a way sustainable squarely addressed the issues of sexual harassment and assault assault and harassment sexual of issues the addressed squarely commensurate with that strategy. This includes close engage close strategy. with that includes This commensurate Executive Chief Baderschneider, opportunity,” Jean of economic acrime is slavery “Modern freedom. sustaining and engagement law, of rule the on business programmes core to pursue ographies recycle. and reuse redesign, of process a sustainable the announced Bank World and UN the well as as Rwanda, and China Nigeria, Unilever, Indonesia, of and governments the and lowerclasses.” and middle the benefits it that to show and beside standing and world the of to rest the open is that a France of building responsibility a special me gives that And globalization. gender,” of dynamics concluded. power the he and equality SHARED FUTUREINAFRACTURED WORLD 351 ------

2018 2018 The following month, the Forum announced the creation of a creation the announced Forum the month, following The signed of Denmark Government the and Forum Economic World The to reduce the negative impact of Type 2 diabetes in the Canadian Type of Canadian in the impact 2diabetes negative the to reduce to Forum’s the York office. New City market-based will require slavery modern ending sustainably that In February, the World Economic Forum launched a pilot project project a pilot launched Forum Economic World the In February, forward the work of the Global Alliance for Trade for the Facilitation, Alliance Global the of work the forward for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Development and by levels Co-operation Economic for . This could result in savings of upto of Toronto. of $1.9 in savings result University could This the at ofinsulin discovery ofthe anniversary 2021, 100-year the Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE),Packard Hewlett pro and financial infrastructure Forum’s philosophy body. “The certification external an GL, DNV has it that announced Forum the closed, Meeting Annual the Before adviser asenior to second agreed Affairs Foreign of Ministry Danish in to trade bottlenecks removing at initiative aimed Forum-born billion and 550,000 lives positively affected. positively lives 550,000 and billion represent of 70 healthcare with a coalition of province of context the in challenges global answer to been always has ISO received 20121:2012for theplanning sustainable certification the agreement, the of terms the Under SDGs. the of mentation investment, moving infrastructure for capital private of bilization We believe partners. and allies as sector private with the ment sulting from Type 2 diabetes to be in line with average Organisation Type Organisation with in average line from to be sulting 2diabetes solutions and proactive business leadership.” Group, fintech lenderKabbage, information companytechnology cluded global bank Citigroup, insurance company Zurich Insurance Zurich Insurance company Citigroup, insurance bank global cluded (fintechs)companies and Founding in members data aggregators. technology financial for cybersecurity strengthen to consortium re complications of rate and prevalence the to decrease aimed (BCG). Group partnership Consulting The Boston the and atives comprehensive involved.” process and rigorous the of because 20121 ISO to certification achieved we have that “I proud am said. Schwab own meetings,”our Klaus from in Davos-Klosters summit global premier of its operation and emerging and developing economies, and advancing the imple growth, promoting technological innovation, supporting the mo green promoting on focus would innovative alliance This eration. coop public-private through world the of state the improving at aimed apartnership to pursue ofunderstanding a memorandum THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY

352 ------“What today I think is dividing society is the gap between those those between gap the is society Ithink dividing is today “What to play. role abig has to play. role abig has Society Civil “Business “Big issues in the world cannot be solved by governments alone,” by governments solved be cannot world in the “Big issues with TIME to discuss a sweeping vision for a rapidly changing world world changing a rapidly for vision a sweeping towith discuss TIME who embrace change, who look forward, who have a constructive have who a constructive forward, look who change, embrace who tice doesn’t anymore exist,” anymore doesn’t tice said he So we are all stakeholders of our global future,” said. he global our of stakeholders we all are So Editor-in-Chief Edward CEO with TIME and speaking said, Schwab For Schwab, securing the future requires that we embrace change, change, we that embrace requires future the securing Schwab, For which theory,” “stakeholder define helped Schwab ago, Decades Edwards Sweetland Haley Correspondent National and Felsenthal in December. Klaus Schwab, founder of the World Economic Forum, sat down sat Forum, Economic World the of founder Schwab, Klaus rather than shyit. away than from rather to sharehold their responsible only not are businesses that holds ahead of this year’s summit, which will begin in Davos, Switzerland of this year’sahead Switzerland in summit, Davos, which will begin and those who want to retreat to a ‘good old world,’ want to to who retreat a‘good old those in which prac and institutions, we our havethat to know adapt to who life, approach impacts. it –that others and customers governments, employees, – “stakeholders” of array wider the to also but ers, on Tuesday. 1 Magazine Time Progress, and Talks Change Forum, Economic World the of Founder Schwab, Klaus Future’: Global Our of Stakeholders All Are ‘We from Excerpt ‘We Are All Stakeholders of Our Global Future’ Global Our of Stakeholders All Are ‘We Time Magazine Time , 27 February 2012 February , 27 1 27 February 2012 February 27 - -

2018 2018 Task Force in Peru, the fourth such collaboration with the IDB in IDB with the collaboration such Task fourth the in Peru, Force 15 years since he had stepped down after serving as his country’s country’s his as serving after down stepped had he 15 since years vider the Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation (DTCC). Trust Corporation &Clearing aim Its Depository the vider World Economic Forum on Latin America launched a Parity a Gender launched America Latin on Forum Economic World was to create a framework for the assessment of cybersecurity in ofcybersecurity assessment the for towas aframework create At its various regional and other global meetings, the Forum moved moved Forum the meetings, global other and regional various At its to stimulate innovation and new drivers of growth.” of drivers new and innovation to stimulate Tun Minister Prime Malaysian Mahathir Dr elected them: newly or ofstate heads eight A record Nam. Viet Noi, in Ha place took and Revolution, Industrial Fourth in the growth to inclusive drive technology. financial Industrial Revolution”, the 27th World Economic Forum on ASEAN ASEAN on Revolution”, Forum Industrial Economic World 27th the to focus aroundtable convened Forum Economic World the In June, for for the first time sincehe returned into May office atthe age of 92, taken had that future ashared creating on discussions the forward September was unusually busy for the Forum. Early in the month, month, in the Early Forum. the for busy unusually was September Days later, the 12th Annual Meeting of the New Champions opened opened Champions New the of later, Meeting Days 12th Annual the stage international the on his peers met who of Malaysia, Mohamad ways to propel and reform for aroadmap to discuss Ramaphosa Panama). and Chile (after Argentina, America Latin in the Fourth Industrial Revolution”. Industrial will growth of Fourth in the drivers New Innovative Societies “Shaping on focus with the China, in Tianjin, under the theme “ASEAN 4.0: Entrepreneurship and the Fourth “ASEAN Fourth theme the the and 4.0:under Entrepreneurship leader for over two decades. over decades. two for leader performance stable.” He promised: “China even will stable.” work harder promised: He performance China’s akey in have keeping played role economic models new in the participants Brazil, in March, Paulo, InSão in Davos. place said. “In this process, new industries, new forms of business and and business of forms new industries, new “In this process, said. China’s of development fair econ and sustainable the spearhead innovation. social policies economy,shape African South the in confidence sumer couraging shift from traditional drivers of growth to new ones,” ofgrowth he drivers traditional from shift couraging en an seeing “We now are address. in opening his said China, of People’s the of Republic Premier Keqiang, Li era, new omy in the Among participated. states 10 ofASEAN’s member government high-impact for partnerships public-private of forging the catalyse con investor to restore and needed restructuring the guide and Cyril President elected recently joined world the around from ers lead Business government’s agenda. reform African South the on THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY

354 - - - - The Annual Meeting of the Global Future Councils took place in place took Future Councils Global of the Meeting Annual The the opening plenary. “The World Economic Forum will be commit will be Forum Economic World “The plenary. opening the to provide its platform on a very grassroots level to shape a level to shape grassroots avery on platform its to provide ted done; been has thinking “The markets. global sustainable to build Impact Summit opened in New York City with a call for government, government, for with York acall in New City opened Summit Impact Minister of Cabinet Affairs and the Future of the United Arab Emir Arab Future United the the of and Affairs Cabinet of Minister imagine can who to those in November. belongs Dubai future “The it, shape it and implement it,” Mohammad Abdullah Al Gergawi, Gergawi, Al it,” Abdullah implement and it Mohammad it, shape new global architecture for tomorrow.” at participants told Schwab to time the implement,” is now Klaus proven up initiatives to scale leaders society civil and business On 24 September, the second annual Sustainable Development Development Sustainable annual 24 second September,On the others in creating policies.” in creating others and partners to international youth, sector private the from one to involve every important is it singularly; future the create cannot Today, address. in his opening “governments participants told ates, SHARED FUTUREINAFRACTURED WORLD 355 Annual Meeting of the New Champions in Tianjin, People’s Republic of China of Republic People’s Tianjin, in Champions New the of Meeting Annual - - -

2018 2018

2018 2019 Time Magazine “Special Davos Issue” Davos “Special Magazine Time “Meeting the Sustainable Development Goals is essential for the the for essential is Goals Development Sustainable the “Meeting The Summit’s third iteration took place on 23-24 September this 23-24 on September Summit’s place third took The iteration year. This edition was special, coming just three months after the the after months three just coming year. special, was edition This with the United Nations to build a more prosperous and equitable equitable and prosperous amore to build Nations United with the of means the strengthen “to – SDGs the of last and 17th the with this work – and points the way towards action to generate shared to accelerate efforts to achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Sustainable for Agenda to 2030 achieve the efforts to accelerate In 2017, the World Forum Economic convened the Sustainable first for sustainable development. Rooted in UN norms and values, the the values, and norms in UN Rooted development. sustainable for Guterres António Secretary-General UN future.” partnership, The World “The signing. the at humanity,” of said future Schwab Klaus SDGs. The framework was developed from a mapping of existing existing of mapping a from developed was framework The SDGs. Unit busy event the during important an became quickly Summit Framework underscores the invaluable role of the private sector in in sector private of the role invaluable the Framework underscores working and this effort to supporting committed is Forum Economic institution to deepen ofcooperation areas Framework outlining in York New Partnership signed UN the aStrategic and Forum (SDGs). Goals Development The Sustainable the Development, together York in to New bring Summit City Impact Development implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustain for partnership revitalize global and the implementation prosperity on a healthy planet while leaving no one behind.” one no leaving while planet ahealthy on prosperity key on global efforts our to advance potential “has great reckoned, session begins. session education to , digital cooperation and financingand equality, digitalgender cooperation to education and health change, climate from opportunities, and challenges able development”). (in line Partnership UN-Forum coordinated and strategic a more fostering at aimed is and institutions two the between collaboration the of implementation the accelerate jointly and engagement al annual Assembly General UN the when Week, Leaders Nations ed ways on to focus leaders society civil and business government, & Sustainable Globalization& 2019 Partnership for Inclusive for Partnership - - -

2019 2019 The UN General Assembly convened against the backdrop of backdrop the against convened Assembly General UN The which had as its theme “Globalization 4.0: Creating a Global Archi aGlobal 4.0: Creating “Globalization theme its as had which Also in New York, the Forum announced the launch of UpLink, an an UpLink, of launch the York, in New announced Forum the Also At the Sustainable Development Impact Summit, Duque revealed revealed Summit, Duque Impact Development At Sustainable the told participants about the creation of the Sustainable Markets Markets Sustainable the of creation the about participants told of a end the at delivered address In a special Basin. Amazon the aregional to conclude planned nations American Latin eight that Spain. to Madrid, ameeting and Chile of President Piñera, Sebastián agenda. the tecture in the Age of the Fourth Industrial Revolution”. Industrial Fourth the of To Age in the tecture under in Davos-Klosters, Meeting Annual the at discussions of focus the forest. Fittingly, Latin American countries were well represented were well represented countries American Fittingly,forest. Latin How to make globalization more inclusive and sustainable was sustainable and inclusive more toHow make globalization Forum that would work towards building and sustainable financing ing generations in the search for solutions, the Forum tapped six six tapped Forum the solutions, for search the in generations ing govern for ameans providing crowd engagement, for atool is in collab by Forum the Developed SDGs. the to meet individuals leaders to as serve co-chairs of the meeting alongside Jim Yong members of the Global Shapers community of over of 7,000 community emerging Shapers Global the of members internationalorganizations,and entrepreneurs,experts ments scale. aglobal at markets to of 70% energy ofrenewable contribution the to increase pact ofsupplychains benefits deforestation-free were amajor topic on rain Amazon the in fires about concern international heightened score the importance of including the voices of the up-and-com the of voices the including of importance the score Wales, of Prince The Charles, Prince Highness Royal His session, Change Conference, known as COP25, in its capital Santiago, but but Santiago, capital in its COP25, as known Conference, Change both Colombia, of President Márquez, Duque Iván and Co-Chair, Council, a public-private philanthropic coalition convened by the convened coalition philanthropic apublic-private Council, in cities of health economic the reinvigorating at aimed Cities, and obstacles to implementing the SDGs. the to implementing obstacles and challenges major the on citizens insights to share concerned and UpLink Salesforce, and Microsoft Deloitte, with partners oration or parties interested other and groups community entrepreneurs, from participation mass to foster platform digital open-source initiative, an Biodiverse announced also He by 2030. energy all moved was gathering the country, the across protests to street due Climate 2019 the UN to was host Chile participants. addressed Summit, the where Impact Development third the at Sustainable THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY

360 ------“Globalization as we know it may have peaked, but global integra global but may have it peaked, we know as “Globalization voices on the need to protect the environment and address the address and environment the to protect need the on voices While millennial co-chairs were guiding the discussions and de and discussions the guiding were co-chairs millennial While the pressing task of preventing climate change from getting to a getting from preventing of change climate task pressing the Atten David Sir broadcaster and historian natural celebrated the people.” young the we have age, of to to listen years 27 below world’sthe population change climate as such challenges to address need urgent the is “It meeting. the before explained continue,”Schwab will tion fuelled by the technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and and Revolution Industrial Fourth the of by technologies the fuelled Sweden (Stockholm) (Chicago). US the Sweden and inclusive global architecture.” Concluded Schwab: “With half of Schwab: half “With architecture.” global Concluded inclusive and sustainable anew in building prominently voice their integrate (Bogotá),in Colombia (Erbil), Iraq (Osaka), Japan Kenya (Kakuma), utive Officer of Microsoft. The six were affiliated with Shaper Hubs Hubs Shaper with affiliated were six The Microsoft. of Officer utive larly affect the next generation. For this reason, it is essential to essential is it reason, this For generation. next the affect larly borough, a vigorous 92, urged the business, government and civil civil and government business, the urged 92, avigorous borough, veteran two from heard also participants Meeting Annual bates, will particu changes those All collaboration. in global breakdown Exec Chief Nadella, Satya and Bank, World the of President Kim, society leaders to “move beyond guilt and blame” and take on and to blame” “move and guilt beyond leaders society climate challenge. In accepting one of the year’s Crystal Awards, year’s the of one Crystal In accepting challenge. climate a threatening and automation through loss biodiversity, job and HRH Prince of Wales and David and Wales of Prince HRH PARTNERSHIP FOR INCLUSIVE&SUSTAINABLE GLOBALIZATION 361 - - - - -

© Reuters/Arnd Wiegmann

2019 2019 “If people can truly understand what is at stake, at they will is Ibelieve what understand truly can “If people “We’re taking out each year in fishing thehuman weightof China,” The threat posed by anthropogenic climate change is “difficult to to “difficult is change climate anthropogenic by posed threat The you’ve lost one of the great sources of delight, and pleasure, and and pleasure, and delight, of sources great the of one you’ve lost (1993-2001) and Chairman and Co-Founder, Generation Investment Investment (1993-2001) Generation Co-Founder, and Chairman and with extreme weather events more common and food scarcity scarcity food and common more events weather extreme with when they firsttheencountered ofwonders nature: “Idon’t believe As oceans warm, the impact on humanity is devastating, he said, said, he devastating, is humanity on impact the warm, oceans As new his from scenes participants for previewed Attenborough the natural world, and with it, and ourselves.” world, natural the that. We destroying are ofwrecking We life. to in are danger human In another session, Al Gore, Vice-President of the United States States United the of Vice-President Gore, Al session, In another from the natural world – and if we damage the natural world, we world, natural the damage we if and – world natural the from Later in an interview with His Royal Highness Prince William, The The William, Prince Highness withRoyal His interview in an Later , on the Congress Hall stage, Attenborough Attenborough stage, Hall Congress the on Duke of Cambridge, Prize laureate warned that global warming traps the equivalent full- a“true, called he what for alarm the sounded Management, ing damage upon marine life, the extent of which we don’t fully fully don’t we which of extent the life, marine upon damage ing wonder, first that lose you wonder. If and eyes fresh those with it practical solutions.” practical he explained, describing the drama in his familiar narrator’s tone. resulting resulting from lower levels oxygen and the migration and depletion day. every bombs atomic Hiroshima-class of 500,000 energy heat Peace Nobel The planet’s oceans. the for emergency” global blown come offood mouthful every ofair and breath every that recognize yet we have and to world, natural with the touch of out are people more when time a there’sbeen that never is paradox The know. joy and brings that for Caring universe. ofthe whole in the beauty series series Gore noted. Plastic pollution has emerged as one of the more vis more the of one as emerged has pollution Plastic noted. Gore give permission for business and governments to get on with the with the on to get governments and business for give permission overstate”, Attenborough cautioned. Humanity has done “appall done has Humanity overstate”, cautioned. Attenborough damage ourselves. It’s not just beauty and wonder: it is essential essential is it wonder: and It’s beauty just not ourselves. damage free”, break ice of tonnes 75 million minutes, “within – 20 calving irreplaceable.” is that enlightenment around world the at look doesn’t who born yet been has a child they had childlike the wonder to recapture participants encouraged more,” no is Eden of declared. Garden he level. “The calamitous of vital fish stocks. fish vital of THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY Our PlanetOur , including spectacular footage of an Arctic glacier glacier Arctic an of footage spectacular , including

362 - - “take-make-dispose” economy into a circular one, in which prod in which one, into acircular economy “take-make-dispose” The plastics waste problem had become a global priority, with the a global become had problem waste plastics The will be more than that of the fish.More 90% than of plasticis never who by 1 October would take over the job of managing director of of director take managing of would over job the by 1October who Annual Meeting participants sustained their sharp focus on the on focus sharp their sustained participants Meeting Annual tinct from globalism, the philosophy that underpins the Forum and and Forum the underpins that philosophy the globalism, from tinct respon more human-centred, more be must 4.0 Globalization tion, government Fund on (IMF). called She Monetary International the international (GPAP) businesses, of acoalition is Partnership tion By the end of the Annual Meeting, what had become clear to the clear become had what Meeting, Annual the of end the By into annually. the oceans that, current at noting added, he face, now oceans our crises ible its efforts to promote Schwab Klaus explained its globalization, in efforts the unfettered globalism. We feel that Globalization 4.0 has to be more more to be has 4.0 Globalization that We feel globalism. unfettered reused. and recovered are materials and ucts leading experts united to fight plastic pollution. GPAP members members GPAP pollution. plastic fight to united experts leading recycled, and 8 million metric tons of plastic waste are dumped dumped are waste plastic of tons metric 8million and recycled, world’s in the plastic oceans of weight the 2050, by year the rates, human-centred”, as well as more inclusive and sustainable. As the the As sustainable. and inclusive human-centred”, more well as as becoming with globalization But plenary. closing the at reiterated between partnerships unique without challenges global pressing most the solve “We cannot principle. guiding the remained proach Forum’s ap The stakeholder recalibrated. or reset to be needed issues global to tackling approaches old was that participants Bank, World the of Officer Executive Chief Georgieva, Kristalina would,” it we thought than said faster happening is change mate “Cli discussion. of topic were main the by change climate posed Ac Forum’s Plastic The mounting. Global action for momentum sive to people, many of whom are confounded by rising inequality inequality by rising confounded are many of whom sive to people, opening session. “The World Economic Forum has never stood for for never stood has Forum Economic World “The session. opening afact,” is dis “Globalization nostrums. to populist attracted and even more complex in the of context Revoluthe Industrial Fourth Brende society,” Børge civil and President business government, carbon. for aprice pursue relentlessly and change climate of consequences the from risk at most countries those economy, support to alow-carbon investculture, in shifting agri and energy for subsidies to harmful eliminate business and risks the session, closing Inthe week. the throughout environment the redesigning for to support drive in concert action taking are and groups community governments, local and national donors, PARTNERSHIP FOR INCLUSIVE&SUSTAINABLE GLOBALIZATION 363 ------

2019 2019

© Reuters/Arnd Wiegmann

2019 2019 The Forum had done significant work on this nearly a decade ear world enters a period of great instability and stress brought on by on brought stress and instability great of aperiod enters world Architecture in the Age of the Fourth Industrial Revolution” that Industrial Fourth of the in Age the Architecture to the paper, these four driving forces of Globalization 4.0 demand demand 4.0 of Globalization forces driving to paper, four the these environmental geopolitical, technological, the to adapts – tional of geoeconomics realignment the and disruption technological the In May, to help policy-makers and businesses strike the right bal strike right the In May, businesses and policy-makers to help Middle the on Forum Economic World the of in advance In April, fresh approaches by governments, companies, civil society in society civil companies, by governments, approaches fresh Forum launched six Global Fourth IndustrialFourth ForumlaunchedGlobalsixRevolution Councils. urgency. of to sense the added had Revolution Industrial Fourth pub Forum the China, in Dalian, Champions New the of Meeting Annual the and in Jordan Sea Dead the at Africa North and East in concert to avert the deepening of the global financial crisis. It crisis. financial global the of deepening the avert to concert in urges leaders to heed the lessons of 2009 when the G20 acted acted G20 the when 2009 of lessons the to heed leaders urges leaders from the public and private sectors, civil society and ac and society civil sectors, private and public the from leaders the of time,Initiative. arrival the This Redesign Global with lier its aGlobal New 4.0: Shaping “Globalization White the Paper lished mous mobility, blockchain, drones, internet of things and preci and things of internet drones, mobility, blockchain, mous autono intelligence, artificial including impact, disruptive most Economic World result, the can that risks social the mitigating markets in technology, changes of aresult as have accumulated well gov how on part in large will depend ofglobalization phase said. management,” by Schwab crisis absorbed just sion medicine, the global councils bring together more than 200 200 than more together bring councils global the medicine, sion international modernize and citizens and to strengthen stitutions Covering the emerging technologies perceived to be having the the having to be perceived technologies emerging the Covering ademia from around the world. Council members are to develop to are develop members Council world. the around from ademia proactively and technologies emerging enabling between ance order. global the strengthening and updating for opportunities and system international in the gaps governance to identify efforts its redoubling was White Paper, the of Forum the release the and Davos in deliberations the With 2008-2009. of crisis financial al to glob the led ultimately which conditions, macroeconomic and the in about gaps complacent national and governance global that become than rather now to together work stakeholders all for calls paper, Inthe Forum the governance. domestic and cooperation According world. in the out playing changes socio-economic and at ernance multiple levels – and interna governmental, corporate this of new trajectory The substance. more concept gave title the not and “we future-oriented want to be forces, geopolitical and THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY

366 ------“Companies and governments are not moving fast enough to an enough fast moving arenot governments and “Companies well-defined rules forTheyemergingrules mettechnology. for the first well-defined world’s first government procurement guidelines for artificial in artificial for guidelines procurement government world’sfirst Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning team and fellows em fellows and team Learning Machine and Intelligence Artificial ticipate social expectations in the Fourth Industrial Revolution,” Industrial Fourth the in expectations social ticipate Industrial Forum’s the at May Fourth 29 the on time for Centre telligence in the public sector. The “Guidelines for AI Procurement” Procurement” AI for sector. “Guidelines public in the The telligence in artificial of use the accelerating potentially guidelines, these test or pilot to first the be will Kingdom United The telligence. In September, the Forum filled one of those gaps, releasing the releasing gaps, those of one filled Forum the September, In Forum. the at Impact Institutional for governments were co-designed by the World Economic Forum’s Economic by World the were co-designed governments for Members of government, academia, civil society and the private private the and society civil academia, government, of Members Revolution in San Francisco. in San Revolution policy guidance and address governance gaps or the absence of of absence the or gaps governance address and guidance policy plementation. Moreover,processed. the guidelines include information on im agovernment requirements the outlines report The professionals. from Salesforce the of AI, bedded UK Deloitte, Government’s Office said Richard Samans, Managing Director and Head of Policy and and Policy of Head and Director Managing Samans, Richard said sector were consulted throughout a ten-month development pro development aten-month throughout were consulted sector answer about their AI development and how the data is used and and used is data the how and development AI their about answer should companies that questions the provides also It services. and solutions AI deploying and acquiring before meet should official procurement private-sector and officials procurement ernment with gov interviews and workshops incorporated which cess, Splunk. and PARTNERSHIP FOR INCLUSIVE&SUSTAINABLE GLOBALIZATION “We believe that that this bottom-up, societally-focused societally-focused bottom-up, this that that believe “We technologies while strengthening the evidence base on will take place across stakeholders and regions on an on an on regions and stakeholders across place take will com and by governments made are decisions policy which panies. This is the first place ofkind where high-level,this place is This the first panies. strategic dialogue on the governance of these technologies going basis.” the in trust public maintain and build to help can approach 367 ------

2019 2020 Climate Greta activist Thunberg Two facts highlight the global shifts underway: In 2020, Asia’s In 2020, underway: Two shifts global the highlight facts a When in 2020. year 50th its begins Forum Economic World The viability going forward. The re-emergence of China and India and and India and China of re-emergence The forward. going viability world caught up in nothing less than a rapid, comprehensive trans comprehensive a rapid, than less up in nothing caught world the rise of other major economies and regional players are reshap are players regional and economies major ofother rise the family, –on life tocareer – reflect individual an a time for typically formation marked by astonishing technological, economic, social social economic, technological, by astonishing marked formation 2 percent; today it is close to 20 percent. to 20 close is it today 2 percent; Forum, as the international organization for public-private cooper public-private for organization international the as Forum, however, Forum, the raison For our - when beginning the this just is ing the global power structure. There is now widespread talk of talk widespread now is There structure. power global the ing under severe stress, with mounting doubts about its integrity and and integrity its about doubts with mounting severe stress, under new growth – 40 years ago, its share of global GDP was less than was less GDP ago, of its share years – new global growth 40 by . Already, emerging and developing developing parity. Already, power and emerging by purchasing the have placed century half this formative during staff and holders of in celebration testimonials and toasts for ajubilee to be meant mid truly well and is she or he this milestone, achieves person security and prosperity in the world since World War II has come come War IIhas World since world in the prosperity and security oped countries. China is clearly the most important driver of this of driver important most the clearly is China countries. oped devel than GDP global of share abigger for account economies reckoned GDP global of half than more for will account economies ofdeglobalization. to era an yielding peaked, having globalization peace, promoted has that order international The humankind. of challenge paramount the become has change Climate work. and way the we live transforming also but models business disrupting only not is Revolution Industrial Fourth The change. political and ofa state to the improving to contribute position in aunique ation, stake our of efforts clear. tireless the amply All d’être become has is anniversary A50th years. sunset remaining the for plan and is age Middle citizen, with looming. asenior retirement coming to be transition the begins adult an when period the dle-aged, accomplishment and longevity. The Mission Ahead Mission The 2020 ------

2020 2020 World War, the international community came together to design to design together came War,World community international the What is clear is that marginally adapting our existinginstitutionsourmarginallyadapting that is clear is What world the that evident become has it Disruption, thisWith Great trading networks through which goods and commodities were commodities and goods which through networks trading round first The interdependence. global our manage we how to three principles: three If globalization is to remain a positive force, we need to evolve we need force, to is apositive remain globalization If fast-changing world. Globalization 4.0 must be underpinned by Bretton Woods conference took place) that shaped a rules-based arules-based place) shaped took that conference Woods Bretton For this Great Reconstruction, we require an updated approach approach updated an we require Reconstruction, this Great For institutions for collaboration to secure peace, prosperity and sta and prosperity peace, to secure collaboration for institutions First, it must be sustainable. We only have one planet to support to support planet have one We only sustainable. be must First, it it Globalization 4.0 – to respond to the needs and realities of our our of realities and needs the to respond to – 4.0 Globalization it ofthe impact eveninnovation, we negative aim as to the mitigate and by technology offered opportunities italize enormous the on us at least to keep up with the changes if not stay ahead of them. them. of ahead stay not if to changes upwith the keep least at us more urgent. more human human life. Yet are existing and models business wreak economic 1990s in the ofcommunism of law. rule collapse the and The rights, con mass production, ofmass age the launched mechanization make up for indeficiencies our outdated systems,rather wehave to to patches with satisfied be cannot We disruptions. relentless more much so is order global the bility. of reshaping task the While Second the After cooperation. global for framework anew needs system system of This and trade and global interaction. financial commerce 1760 1840). and about (between transportation mass and sumption when States by United the propelled then and in Britain sparked Globalization 3.0 was driven by the institutions and mechanisms mechanisms and by 3.0 driven was institutions the Globalization Revolution Industrial first the of result a was 2.0 Globalization our global system and enter a higher level of globalization – call call – globalization of level higher a enter and system global our temporarily. least –at order world in the primacy gave human and democracy economics, market free including values eral lib and of ideas spread the promoted and chains supply global and web regional of ever-shifting the generated world multilateral open the when War II(from World 1944, after built governance global of AD). 1453 and 130 BC (roughly between globe the across carried vast the and Road Silk to ancient the back dates globalization of will allow that action for frameworks and mechanisms agile create to them cap to redesign We need enough. not is processes and the all is future shared our safeguard to today, need complex the THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY

370 - - - - - The World Economic Forum, as a unique global platform for pub for platform global aunique as Forum, Economic World The new approach This collaborative. be must 4.0 Third, Globalization A major impediment to shaping this new approach to globalization to globalization this approach new to shaping impediment A major tem” to rebuild trust and to promote sustained engagement among between governments, citizens their and between religions, tween Incremental framework. to Paris in the they have committed those Second, Globalization 4.0 must be more inclusive. In the west Inthe inclusive. more be must 4.0 Globalization Second, including the Paris Agreement signed in 2016, are insufficient to insufficient are 2016, in signed Agreement Paris the including far, so efforts to environment. Global the damage irreparable ing is the collapse of trust – between nations, even between allies, be allies, between even nations, between – trust of collapse the is inclusion on focus agreater require world in the interconnections communi mass Modern economies. within inequality increased lic-private dialogue and provides cooperation, an “operating sys national challenges will be more and more globally interlinked. interlinked. globally more and more will be challenges national house gas emissions will cause temperatures to rise by 3.2 degrees degrees by to 3.2 rise temperatures will cause emissions gas house not stand in the way of cooperation in the search for common common for search in the way in the cooperation of stand not should differences those But governed. societies and managed that principle the on based be and diversity of respectful be must solutions for shared challenges. The world not but needs more less challenges. shared for solutions women marginalizedincluding the for especially justice, social Celsius by 2100. The United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) Program Environment Nations United by The 2100. Celsius quire countries quire to countries by emissions reduce rates five fastertimes than will re to 1.5-degrees rise to temperature limit that the estimates ofgreen rate current The warming. with global adequately deal challenges such as cybersecurity, highly drug-resistant bacteria bacteria drug-resistant highly cybersecurity, as such challenges new or degradation environmental and proliferation nuclear as actionable solutions. Whether to address longstanding risks such and workable around consensus abroad to shape stakeholders all forward. us take to – leaders among responsibility and morality esty, of hon is of a There leadership – lack businesses. and consumers Revolution, Industrial Fourth the of age in the since, globalization be should way ofthe economies in their which concepts different and to development approaches have different nations different growth. aim to that achieve inclusive policies and Increasing minorities. social and religious ethnic, and girls, and for need the of people among sense the bolstered and disparities ofincome awareness raised has media social including cations has it world, the around poverty of to alleviation the contributed globalization’s that, may have it while world, argue ern critics enough. not is change THE MISSIONAHEAD371 ------

2020 2020 The Forum is deeply anchored in the global governance system system governance global in the anchored deeply is Forum The To and curator a be catalyst of this transformation, institutional The renewed Davos Manifesto, which the Forum has launched at at launched has Forum the which Manifesto, Davos renewed The We recognize that these conversations cannot be driven by driven a be cannot conversations these that We recognize would enable and empower all the various partners to do what to do partners various the all empower and enable would they can and need to do. This would be an example of the new the of example an be would This do. to need and can they agenda aggressive amore embrace must community ternational role. special this of example latest the is 2020, Meeting Annual the 4.0. Globalization shaping for collaboration, for acatalyst to be, these fresh approaches and mechanisms for cooperation. the entire year and include over 100 working groups and many and groups over working 100 include and entirethe year ternational organizations and governments. Annual The Meeting with the Framework agreement Partnership Strategic its through Industrial Revolution. Revolution. Industrial for climate action. Meeting this challenge will require building building require will challenge this Meeting action. climate for We must identities. national and global between dichotomy false United Nations and through its many partnerships with both in with both many partnerships its through and Nations United Børge Brende, who served as Norway’s minister of foreign affairs affairs Norway’s foreign of minister as served who Brende, Børge ago. acentury half beginning its from activities its and Forum in Davos-Klosters is a focal point of all our activities, but the col the but activities, our all of point afocal is in Davos-Klosters Trustees of a Board and acommitted on counts which institution stakeholder of key the of principles ior, articulation a thisfresh is initiative that set out guidelines for responsible corporate behav laborative efforts of all our extend overlaborative efforts communities and partners between 2013 2017. and between regional, country and issue-oriented meetings around the world. world. the around meetings issue-oriented and country regional, grown from has Forum Economic World The essential. is maturity more complex world that is by being rapidly transformed the Fourth find governments help to arrangements public-private practical, kind of enabling architecture required in a 4.0 Globalization world – as pirations they exist Wein in all are our people. all stakeholders Consider again the global challenge of climate change. The in The change. of climate challenge global the again Consider Forum pioneering the Manifesto, original the after 47 years Crafted qualified and experienced Managing Board,Managingled and qualified by experienced ForumPresident international into established an organization founder-led a small, in this problems global to pressing solutions collaborative agile, thataction extensiveinternationalfor an public-privateplatform Economic World the of foundation the been has which capitalism, will continue and is, Forum Economic World the And future. global as and identities globalist and patriotic individualistic, embrace or the of implications a world run by weintelligence, need artificial THE WORLD ECONOMICFORUM –APARTNER INSHAPINGHISTORY

372 - - - - - To be sure, pessimists will argue that political conditions are stand are conditions political To that will argue sure, pessimists be The Forum’s objective for the next 50 years is translateral integra translateral is years 50 next the Forum’sfor The objective We have identified major global issues that can only be solved solved be only can that issues global major identified have We World Economic Forum are just getting started. getting just are Forum Economic World we can capitalize on the new opportunities that await us, while await us, that opportunities new the on capitalize we can actions multiple amplify and to aggregate us integrate, will allow As we develop a new approach to economy, new the we must approach anew we develop As tion. Thus, instead of growing into a larger organization, the Forum’s the organization, of growing into a larger instead Thus, tion. civil and government business, among cooperation global through that future-oriented stakeholders will create a community of shared ofshared will acommunity create stakeholders future-oriented that re the identify to and system, present the in gaps the explore to “and” favour overthat “or,” to be interests of sets all allowing for platform global foremost the become already has Forum the 4.0 and the new economy. But realists will use the current moment moment current the will use realists economy. new the But and 4.0 for faster and greater impact. With this ambitious objective in mind, in mind, objective this With ambitious impact. greater and faster for integration of state and non-state actors. actors. non-state and state of integration interest and, ultimately, shared purpose. After 50 years, we at the we the at years, 50 After ultimately, purpose. and, interest shared Globalization about dialogue global way in the ing aproductive of in in Geneva its and headquarters in key centres of influence. global underprepared for it. Clinging to an outdated mindset and making making and mindset to outdated an it. Clinging for underprepared limited adjustments tolimited adjustments our and existing tools will mechanisms not pursued in parallel. pursued immi jobs, or technology protectionism, or trade free of matter a not is This game. azero-sum playing we not are that remember public-private cooperation supported by collaborators 800 located public other that efforts the engaging means approach platform society. They require forward-looking systemic thinking and the the and thinking systemic forward-looking require They society. Globalization 4.0 has only just begun, but we are already vastly vastly we already are but begun, just only has 4.0 Globalization quirements for a future approach. And optimists will hold out hope hope out will hold optimists And approach. afuture for quirements policies avoid by we developing which can trade-offs, false all are Those equality. or growth citizens, and protecting or gration today. we witnessing are that disruptions of avoiding kind the up, that ground so the from them do. Rather, to redesign we need This future. the to shape undertaking are institutions private and THE MISSIONAHEAD373 - - - -

2020 2020 respect for human rights into the entire supply chain. supply entire the into rights human for respect integrates It entrants. market new to chance afair provides It ation. III. reskilling. and upskilling ongoing through employability continued fosters company a change, rapid of aworld In well-being. employee and conditions ours diversity and strives for continuous improvements in working II. including adverse implications or negativeservices, . and products its of functionality the of aware fully customers makes It trustworthy. and reliable operates it which in ecosystem digital the and a level playing field. It has zero tolerancefor corruption. It keeps that meets best their It needs. competition fair and accepts supports I. company. a policies and decisions that strengthen the long-term of prosperity to commitment a shared through is stakeholders all of interests divergent the harmonize and way understand to best The large. at employees, customers, suppliers, communities local and society – stakeholders its all but shareholders, its only not serves company in sharedvalue and sustained creation. In creating such value, a A. Revolution. Industrial Fourth the of age the in companies guide to principles ethical of aset Manifesto, Davos a new launched has Forum Economic World the anniversary, 50th its To with coincide

A company serves its customers by providing a value proposition proposition avalue by providing customers its serves A company A company treats its people with dignity and respect. It hon It respect. and dignity with people its treats A company in the Fourth Industrial Revolution Industrial Fourth the in The Universal Purpose of aCompany Davos Manifesto 2020: The purpose of a company is to engage all its stakeholders stakeholders its all engage to is a company of purpose The A company considers its suppliers as true partners in value cre value in partners true as suppliers its considers A company - - and stakeholders to improve the state of the world. the of state the improve to stakeholders and relevant resources with in other collaborative companies efforts to harness its core competencies, its entrepreneurship, skills and acompany requires citizenship global Corporate future. global our of and society – with civil – governments as self together a stakeholder it acts but engaged, directly are who stakeholders those all serves C. reflectstakeholder responsibility. governance good objectives.andExecutive remunerationshould social environmental, its achieves it how on also but shareholders, to return the on only not measured be must Performance system. social broader the of part as aspirations societal and human fulfils B. present. the for future the sacrifice creation in pursuit of returns shareholder sustainable that do not near-term, manages responsibly medium-term and long-term value It investments. sustained and innovation continuous for need the ment that takes into the account incurred entrepreneurial risks and V. people’s well-being. the frontiers of knowledge, innovation and technology to improve circular, shared and regenerative economy. It continuously expands generations. It consciously protects our biosphere and champions a future for universe material and environmental the of asteward as acts It data. of use efficient and ethical safe, the ensures It taxes. of share fair its pays and works, it which in communities the ports IV.

A company provides its shareholders with a return on invest on areturn with shareholders its provides A company A company that has a multinational of scope activities not only A company is more than an economic unit generating wealth. It It wealth. generating unit economic an than more is A company A company serves society at large through its activities, sup activities, its through large at society serves A company - - -

2020 © 2019 World Economic Forum

All rights reserved

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system.

World Economic Forum 91-93 route de la Capite CH-1223 Cologny/Geneva Switzerland Tel.: +41 (0)22 869 1212 Fax +41 (0)22 786 2744 mail: [email protected] www.weforum.org

Writer: Al Reyes Copyediting: Fabienne Stassen

Graphic Design: Studio Folder

Photographs by: Guillaume Megevand Pascal Imsand Swiss image Richard Kalvar/Magnum Benedikt von Loebell Marion S. Trikosko Stefan Wermuth, Andy Mettler, Rogan Ward, Denis Balibouse, Arnd Wiegmann, Pascal Lauener, Sebastian Derungs, Remy Steinegger, Pool Old, Leonhard Foeger /Reuters

ISBN 978-2-940631-04-9