DOCSLIB.ORG

International Journal on Human Rights and Drug Policy

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
International Journal on Human Rights and Drug Policy Contents and Drug Rights Policy on Human International Journal Volume 1, 2010 1, 2010 Volume ISSN: 2046-4843 Volume 1, 2010 Editorial ‘Deliver us from evil’? – The Single International Journal Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 50 years on Rick Lines on Human Rights Original Articles Targeted Killing of Drug Lords: Trackers as and Drug Policy Members of Armed Opposition Groups and/or Direct Participants in Hostilities Patrick Gallahue Ocial Journal of the International Centre on Human Rights and Drug Policy Yong Vui Kong v. Public Prosecutor and the Mandatory Death Penalty for Drug Offences in Singapore: A Dead End for Constitutional Challenge? Yvonne McDermott Interview Litigating against the Death Penalty for Drug Offences: An interview with Saul Lehrfreund & Parvais Jabbar Commentaries Children who use Drugs: The Need for More Clarity on State Obligations in International Law Damon Barrett & Philip E Veerman The Function and Relevance of the Commission in Narcotic Drugs in the pursuit of Humane Drug Policy (or the ramblings of a bewildered diplomat) Alison Crocket Case Summary Canadian Court of Appeal Upholds Supervised Injection Site’s Right to Operate Sandra Ka Hon Chu International Journal on Human Rights and Drug Policy Editors-in-Chief Damon Barrett & Rick Lines International Centre on Human Rights and Drug Policy Editorial Board Dr David Bewley-Taylor – School of Arts and Humanities, Swansea University, United Kingdom Prof Neil Boister – School of Law, University of Canterbury, New Zealand Asmin Fransiska – Faculty of Law, Atma Jaya Catholic University, Jakarta, Indonesia Prof Paul Hunt – Human Rights Centre, University of Essex, United Kingdom Dr Ursula Kilkelly – Senior Lecturer in Law, University College Cork, Ireland Rebecca Schleifer – Advocacy Director, Health and Human Rights Division, Human Rights Watch Prof William A Schabas, OC – Director, Irish Centre for Human Rights, National University of Ireland Galway Aims and Scope The International Journal on Human Rights and Drug Policy seeks to expand the current body of legal research and analysis on drug policy issues as they intersect with international human rights law, international humanitarian law and international criminal law. To this end, the Journal promotes and disseminates high quality, original research and analysis in the form of articles, commentaries, case summaries and other analysis relevant to its mandate. The International Journal on Human Rights and Drug Policy is the official journal of the International Centre on Human Rights and Drug Policy, whose academic base is the Irish Centre for Human Rights at the National University of Ireland Galway. Subscription Information The International Journal on Human Rights and Drug Policy is published annually. It is an open access journal available free online at www.humanrightsanddrugs.org. ISSN 2046-4843 (print) ISSN 2046-4851 (online) Hard copies may be obtained free of charge from the International Centre on Human Rights and Drug Policy, c/o Irish Centre for Human Rights, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland or by contacting [email protected]. There may be a postage charge applied for those requesting multiple copies. Submitting Articles Submissions to the International Journal on Human Rights and Drug Policy are accepted year round for review. Information on submitting an article or commentary is available online at www.humanrightsanddrugs.org or by emailing [email protected]. Thanks Irish Centre for Human Rights. Prof William A Schabas. Mark Joyce. Bi Yingxi. Nancie Prudhomme. Patrick Gallahue. Thanks also to those who reviewed submissions. Designed by Mark Joyce. All content is © International Centre on Human Rights and Drug Policy, 2011 ‘Deliver us from evil’? – The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 50 years on International Journal on Human Rights and Drug Policy, vol. 1 (2010) Contents Contents Volume 1, 2010 Volume 1, 2010 Editorial Editorial ‘Deliver us from evil’? – The‘Deliver Single us Convention from evil’? –on The Narcotic Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 50 years on Drugs, 50 years on Rick Lines Page 3 Original Articles Original Articles Targeted Killing of Drug Lords:Targeted Tra ckers Killing of as Drug Members Lords: of Tra ckers as Members of Armed Opposition GroupsArmed and/or Opposition Direct Participants Groups and/or in Direct Participants in Hostilities Hostilities Patrick Gallahue Page 15 Yong Vui Kong v. Public ProsecutorYong Vui andKong the v. PublicMandatory Prosecutor Death and the Mandatory Death Penalty for Drug OffencesPenalty in Singapore: for Drug A OffencesDead End in for Singapore: A Dead End for Constitutional Challenge?Constitutional Challenge? Yvonne McDermott Page 35 Interview Interview Litigating against the DeathLitigating Penalty for against Drug Offences:the Death An Penalty for Drug Offences: An interview with Saul Lehrfreundinterview & Parvais with Jabbar Saul Lehrfreund & Parvais JabbarPage 53 Commentaries Commentaries Children who use Drugs:Children The Need who for useMore Drugs: Clarity The on Need State for More Clarity on State Obligations in InternationalObligations Law in International Law Damon Barrett & Philip E Veerman Page 63 The Function and RelevanceThe ofFunction the Commission and Relevance in Narcotic of the Commission in Narcotic Drugs in the pursuit of HumaneDrugs in Drug the pursuitPolicy (or of theHumane Drug Policy (or the ramblings of a bewilderedramblings diplomat) of a bewildered diplomat) Alison Crocket Page 83 Case Summary Case Summary Canadian Court of AppealCanadian Upholds Court Supervised of Appeal Injection Upholds Supervised Injection Site’s Right to Operate Site’s Right to Operate Sandra Ka Hon Chu Page 91 1 1 2 International Journal on Human Rights and Drug Policy, vol. 1 (2010) EDITORIAL ‘Deliver us from evil’? – The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 50 years on Rick Lines* This body of legislation rests (so far as it concerns drug trafficking offences) on a series of important premises: that the unlawful consumption of drugs…is a very grave, far-reaching and destructive social evil; that persistence of this evil depends on the availability of an adequate supply of drugs for consumption;…that the evil consequences of drug trafficking are such as properly to engage the sanctions and procedures of the criminal law. Privy Council (Scotland), 20011 The first evil that we must deal with is that which exists as a consequence of the fact that the whole thing is the wrong way round. Aneurin Bevan, MP, 19462 This year marks the 50th anniversary of the Single Convention on Narcotics Drugs. Ratified in 1961, the Single Convention was the first of three United Nations treaties enshrining the international community’s approach to drug control.3 The original purpose of the Convention was a ‘Transfer to the United Nations of the powers * Rick Lines, MA, LL.M., is Project Director, International Centre on Human Rights and Drug Policy and an Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal on Human Rights and Drug Policy ([email protected]). 1 HM Advocate v McIntosh (Robert) (No.1), Privy Council (Scotland), 5 February 2001, para. 4. 2 House of Commons (30 April 1946) HC Deb, vol. 422 c 44. 3 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs 1961 (as amended by the 1972 Protocol) (30 March 1961), UNTS vol. 520 no. 7515. [hereinafter ‘Single Convention’]; 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances (21 February 1971) UNTS vol. 1019 no. 14956. [hereinafter ‘1971 Convention’]; UN Convention against the Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (20 December 1988) UNTS vol. 1582 no. 27627. International Journal on Human Rights and Drug Policy, vol. 1, 2010 © International Centre on Human Rights and Drug Policy, 2011 2 3 Lines | ‘Deliver us from evil’? I.J.H.R.D.P (2010) exercised by the League of Nations in connexion with Narcotic Drugs’,4 and the task given to the drafters by the UN General Assembly was to bring together the content of the pre- existing international drug control agreements established under the League of Nations into one single international instrument (hence the title, the Single Convention).5 In recent years there has been growing attention to the human rights implications of the international narcotics control regime among non-governmental organisations6 and UN human rights monitors.7 Human rights violations documented in the name of drug control in countries across the world include: the execution of hundreds of people annually for drug offences;8 the arbitrary detention of hundreds of thousands of people who use (or are accused of using) illicit drugs;9 the infliction of torture, or other forms of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, in the name of ‘drug treatment’;10 the extrajudicial killings of people suspected of being drug users or drug traffickers;11 and the denial of potentially life saving health services for people who use drugs.12 While all of this work is significant, with some notable exception this emerging body of commentary has tended to focus on the documentation specific human rights violations linked to drug enforcement laws, policies and practices, rather than interrogating the drug conventions themselves, and the practices that emerge from their domestic implementation, from the perspective of international human rights law. Yet bringing such a human rights law perspective to the international drug control regime is a crucial exercise, both to promote consideration of international drug control law in the context of overall State obligations
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Conquest of Knowledge: the British in India
    MRHD: Scheme on Global Initiative on Academic Network (GIAN) Conquest of Knowledge: The British in India Faculty: Vinay Lal | Professor of History | University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Email: [email protected] Avishek Ray | Assistant Professor | Dept. of Humanities & Social Sciences | NIT Silchar Email: [email protected] Course Overview: What colonialism has done to the world -- the postcolonial democracies in particular -- during the last two centuries is astonishing in terms of the scale of social change it has ‘engineered’, and devastating in terms of its impact on depleting the diversity of ‘knowledge production’ that existed outside the (West) European frames of ‘modernity’. This course examines the transformations wrought in India by the British, principally in the intellectual technologies of governance, rather than focusing, as was common for many decades, on histories riveted upon military conquests, the lives of proconsuls, or imperial policies and nationalist responses. It ventures into a sustained critique of the colonial systems of knowledge and the pervasive categories they furnish through which the world is sought to be understood, whether in the erstwhile colonies or beyond. This course can reasonably be described as being grounded in the philosophical and political insights that are to be derived from the work of Bernard Cohn, Michel Foucault, Edward Said, and Ashis Nandy, among others, and will invite the participants to reflect on a set of pressing questions: What were the forms of knowledge produced
    [Show full text]
  • Ewa Journal Ok
    CONTENTS East West Affairs | Volume 2 Number 1 | January-March 2014 Editorial 5. Postnormal Governance | Jordi Serra Commentaries 13. Iran’s “Charm Offensive” | Stephenie Wright 21. A Very African Homosexuality | Zain Sardar 29. Malaysian Shadow Play | Merryl Wyn davieS Papers 35. Come together...for what? Creativity and Leadership in Postnormal Times | alfonSo Montuori and gabrielle donnelly 53. The Story of a Phenomenon: Vivekananda in Nirvana Land | vinay lal 69. The Pedagogical Subject of Neoliberal Development | alvin Cheng -h in liM 93. Science Fiction Futures and the Extended Present of 3D Printers | JoShua pryor 109. Muslim Superheroes | gino Zarrinfar 123. The Joys of Being Third Class | Shiv viSanathan Review 165. How the East was Won | Shanon Shah Report 165. Looking in All Directions | John a. S Weeney East-West Affairs 1 East West Affairs a Quarterly journal of north-South relations in postnormal times EDITOrS Ziauddin Sardar, Centre for policy and futures Studies, east-West university, Chicago, uSa Jerome r. ravetz, research Methods Consultancy, oxford, england DEPuTy EDITOrS Zain Sardar, birkbeck College, university of london, england Gordon Blaine Steffey, department of religious Studies, randolph College, lynchburg, uSa John A. Sweeney, department of political Science, university of hawaii at Manoa, honolulu, uSa MANAGING EDITOr Zafar A. Malik, dean for development and university relations, east-West university, Chicago, uSa DEPuTy MANAGING EDITOr Joel Inwood, development and university relations, east-West university,
    [Show full text]
  • Pre-Trial Conferences
    04 PRE-TRIAL CONFERENCES (A) What is a Pre-Trial Conference (PTC) (B) How should I prepare for the PTC? (C) What should I expect during the hearing? (D) Criminal Case Disclosure Conference (CCDC) 32 uideoo for Accused in Person CHAPTER 4 PRE-TRIAL CONFERENCES A flow chart of the criminal process in brief Mentions Court Claim Trial Date will be given Plead Guilty First PTC to take plea of guilt CCDC Does Not Apply CCDC Applies Unanimous agreement required for CCDC Unanimous agreement required for CCDC Plead Guilty Decline to Decline to Participate Participate Agree to Participate to Agree Regular PTCs to settle administrative Case for Prosecution matters prepared and given to you Agree to Participate to Agree Claim Trial Case for Defence must be prepared and given to Prosecution See “Agree to Participate” Prosecution to give you documents in their case Trial Date Fixed and statements made by you during investigations Trial 33 uideoo for Accused in Person (A) What is a Pre-Trial Conference (PTC)? If you claim trial during the mention of your case, the Mentions Court will fix the case for a Pre-Trial Conference (PTC). The purpose of the PTC is to prepare you and the Prosecution for trial and to settle any administrative matters before the trial date is fixed. (B) How should I prepare for the PTC? Prior to the PTC, you should consider whether you wish to address the following matters during the PTC: (i) Check if the Prosecution intends to make use of any written statement given by you to the police and if so, you may request for a copy of the statement.
    [Show full text]
  • Corporal Punishment of Children in Singapore
    Corporal punishment of children in Singapore: Briefing for the Universal Periodic Review, 24th session, 2016 From Dr Sharon Owen, Research and Information Coordinator, Global Initiative, [email protected] The legality and practice of corporal punishment of children violates their fundamental human rights to respect for human dignity and physical integrity and to equal protection under the law. Under international human rights law – the Convention on the Rights of the Child and other human rights instruments – states have an obligation to enact legislation to prohibit corporal punishment in all settings, including the home. In Singapore, corporal punishment of children is lawful, despite repeated recommendations to prohibit it by the Committee on the Rights of the Child and recommendations made during the 1st cycle UPR of Singapore (which the Government rejected). Law reform in 2010/2011 re-authorised corporal punishment in some settings. We hope the Working Group will note with concern the legality of corporal punishment of children in Singapore. We hope states will raise the issue during the review in 2016 and make a specific recommendation that Singapore clearly prohibit all corporal punishment of children in all settings including the home and repeal all legal defences and authorisations for the use of corporal punishment. 1 Review of Singapore in the 1st cycle UPR (2011) and progress since then 1.1 Singapore was reviewed in the first cycle of the Universal Periodic Review in 2011 (session 11). The issue of corporal punishment of children was raised in the compilation of UN information1 and in the summary of stakeholders’ information.2 The Government rejected recommendations to prohibit corporal punishment of children.3 1.2 Prohibiting and eliminating all corporal punishment of children in all settings including the home – through law reform and other measures – is a key obligation under the Convention on the Rights of the Child and other human rights instruments, though it is one frequently evaded by Governments.
    [Show full text]
  • HISTORY 174F Gandhi and the Making of Modern India UCLA, Spring 2016: Tue & Thurs, 11-12:15, Dodd 161
    HISTORY 174F Gandhi and the Making of Modern India UCLA, Spring 2016: Tue & Thurs, 11-12:15, Dodd 161 Instructor: Vinay Lal Office: Bunche 5240; tel: 310.825.8276; e-mail: [email protected] Office Hours: Tuesdays, 1-3:30 PM, and by appointment History Department: Bunche 6265; tel: 310.825.4601 Course Website: https://moodle2.sscnet.ucla.edu/course/view/16S-HIST174F-1 Instructor’s Web Site [MANAS]: http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/southasia Instructor’s Personal Academic Site: http://www.vinaylal.com Instructor’s Blog: https://vinaylal.wordpress.com/ This course will examine the life and ideas of Mohandas Karamchand (‘Mahatma’) Gandhi (1869-1948), most renowned as the ‘prophet of nonviolence’ and the architect of the Indian independence movement, though in the concluding portion of the course we will also consider some of the various ways in which his presence is experienced in India today and the controversies surrounding his achievements and ‘legacy’. Gandhi was a great deal more than a nonviolent activist and political leader: he was a spiritual thinker, social reformer, critic of modernity and industrial civilization, interpreter of Indian civilization, a staunch supporter of Indian syncretism, a major figure in Indian journalism, and a forerunner, not only in India, of the many of the great social and ecological movements of our times. After the first three weeks, we will only partly follow the chronological framework within which the biographies of Gandhi have been constructed, and around which a great deal of the scholarship still revolves, and more so when we need to understand how Gandhi’s thoughts on a particular subject evolved over time.
    [Show full text]
  • A House of Cards
    Table of Contents INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................... 1 ABOUT THE REPORT................................................................................................................. 3 REPORT STRUCTURE ................................................................................................................ 6 CONTROVERSIAL QUOTES AND STATEMENTS ................................................................. 7 CHAPTER 1. Coalition Against Genocide – An Introduction............................................... 9 Section 1.01 Some Activities of the CAG......................................................................................10 Section 1.02 100,000 = 200,000 ......................................................................................................11 Section 1.03 Organizations in the CAG........................................................................................ 13 CHAPTER 2. Shaping Views and Policies on India and Hinduism.................................... 14 CHAPTER 3. CAG’s Propaganda Network.......................................................................... 15 Section 3.01 The Radical Leftist Propaganda Network .............................................................. 16 Figure 1 – FOIL’s Network in Cyberspace – A Bird’s Eye View ......................................................................17 Table 1 – Site Registration Information for FOIL and its Affiliates...................................................................18
    [Show full text]
  • GUIDEBOOK for ACCUSED in PERSON a Guide to Representing Yourself in Court
    GUIDEBOOK FOR ACCUSED IN PERSON A Guide to Representing Yourself in Court 1 Guidebook for Accused in Person FOREWORD The State Courts are deeply committed to facilitating and equalising access to justice for all our Court users. In this regard, knowledge and understanding of the criminal justice system is essential to the effective self-representation by an accused person. Enabling accused persons to easily locate key information on the criminal justice system promotes their ready access to justice. This Guide was first published by the State Courts in conjunction with the Community Justice Centre ("CJC") on 1 November 2017, to empower self-represented accused persons by providing them with practical information on criminal procedure and Court processes. The State Courts and the CJC are pleased to collaborate again with the publication of the second edition of this Guide, which has been updated with the enhancements to the criminal justice processes in 2018 as a result of the Criminal Justice Reform Act 2018 and the relocation of the State Courts to the State Courts Towers. I am deeply grateful to all those involved in the publication of this Guide for their hard work, unstinting support and encouragement. Justice Vincent Hoong Presiding Judge of the State Courts Chairman of the Community Justice Centre 2 Guidebook for Accused in Person PREFACE A common refrain from the self-represented accused is that he/she finds the legal process hard to understand and navigate. The self-represented accused may invariably feel bewildered during the proceedings. Many-a-times, the self-represented accused person may be left to wonder whether he could have mounted a better defence, had he been apprised of the intricacies of the Court proceedings.
    [Show full text]
  • China and LA County, BYD Has Offices in Europe, Japan, South Korea, India, Taiwan, and Other Regions
    GROWING TOGETHER China and Los Angeles County GROWING TOGETHER China and Los Angeles County PREPARED BY: Ferdinando Guerra, International Economist Principal Researcher and Author with special thanks to George Entis, Research Assistant June, 2014 Los Angeles County Economic Development Corporation Kyser Center for Economic Research 444 S. Flower St., 37th Floor Los Angeles, CA 90071 Tel: (213) 622-4300 or (888) 4-LAEDC-1 Fax: (213)-622-7100 E-mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.laedc.org The LAEDC, the region’s premier business leadership organization, is a private, non-profit 501(c)3 organization established in 1981. GROWING TOGETHER China and Los Angeles County As Southern California’s premier economic development organization, the mission of the LAEDC is to attract, retain, and grow businesses and jobs for the regions of Los Angeles County. Since 1996, the LAEDC has helped retain or attract more than 198,000 jobs, providing over $12 billion in direct economic impact from salaries and over $850 million in property and sales tax revenues to the County of Los Angeles. LAEDC is a private, non-profit 501(c)3 organization established in 1981. Regional Leadership The members of the LAEDC are civic leaders and ranking executives of the region’s leading public and private organizations. Through financial support and direct participation in the mission, programs, and public policy initiatives of the LAEDC, the members are committed to playing a decisive role in shaping the region’s economic future. Business Services The LAEDC’s Business Development and Assistance Program provides essential services to L.A. County businesses at no cost, including coordinating site searches, securing incentives and permits, and identifying traditional and nontraditional financing including industrial development bonds.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Indian History M, W, F 10:00-10:50 AM, Rolfe 1200
    History 9A (Winter 2012): Introduction to Indian History M, W, F 10:00-10:50 AM, Rolfe 1200 Vinay Lal Department of History, UCLA Office: Bunche 5240; Tel: (310) 825-8276 History Dept. Office: Bunche 6265; Tel: (310) 825-4601 Office Hours: Mon, 2 – 4 PM; Fri, 11-12 noon; and by appointment Instructor’s e-mail address: [email protected] Instructor’s website [MANAS]: http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/southasia Course website: https://classes.sscnet.ucla.edu/course/view/12W-HIST9A-1 Introduction to the Course: The known history of India spans some 5,000 years, from the advent and eventual decline of the Indus Valley Civilization to the present. Needless to say, in the course of ten weeks it is not possible to offer more than an extraordinarily broad sweep of the Indian past, and our endeavor shall be to understand the principal contours of Indian history and those features which led to the development of an ‘Indian civilization’. A chronological account is clearly indispensable for the acquisition of even a rudimentary understanding of Indian history; however, an inordinate focus on such an account, which is often no more than an accumulation of dates and facts, might obfuscate not only the manner in which the Indian past continues to obtrude upon the present, but those symbolic, spiritual, and cultural ‘unities’ which continue to breathe life into India and the Indian sub- continent more generally. The discussion sections in this course will help students to focus on the chronology, but the course will be more than a mere enumeration of the chronological unfolding of Indian history.
    [Show full text]
  • Temporary Provisions) Act (Chapter 67
    THE STATUTES OF THE REPUBLIC OF SINGAPORE CRIMINAL LAW (TEMPORARY PROVISIONS) ACT (CHAPTER 67) (Original Enactment: Ordinance 26 of 1955) REVISED EDITION 2000 (1st July 2000) Prepared and Published by THE LAW REVISION COMMISSION UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE REVISED EDITION OF THE LAWS ACT (CHAPTER 275) Informal Consolidation – version in force from 1/1/2019 CHAPTER 67 2000 Ed. Criminal Law (Temporary Provisions) Act ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS PART I PRELIMINARY Section 1. Short title 2. Interpretation PART II MISCELLANEOUS OFFENCES RELATING TO PUBLIC SAFETY 3. Supplies 4. Making and possession of subversive documents PART III ILLEGAL STRIKES AND LOCK-OUTS IN ESSENTIAL SERVICES 5. Interpretation of this Part 6. Restrictions on strikes and lock-outs 7. Illegal strikes and lock-outs 8. Lock-out or strike consequent on illegal strike or lock-out 9. Penalty for illegal strikes and lock-outs 10. Penalty for instigation 11. Penalty for giving financial aid to illegal strikes or lock-outs 12. Protection of persons refusing to take part in illegal strikes or lock-outs PART IV GENERAL 13. Dispersal of assemblies 14. Powers of search and boarding vessels 15. Disposal of subversive documents 16. Failure to report offences 1 Informal Consolidation – version in force from 1/1/2019 Criminal Law (Temporary 2000 Ed. Provisions) CAP.67 2 Section 17. Attempt to commit offences and assisting offenders 18. Offences seizable and non-bailable 19. Offences by companies, etc. 20. Penalties 21. Jurisdiction of District Courts 22. Admission of statements in evidence 23. Trials may be in camera 24. Power to prohibit publication of witnesses’ names, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Low Crime and Convictions in Singapore Zachary Reynolds
    University of Chicago Law School Chicago Unbound International Immersion Program Papers Student Papers 2017 Intertwining Public Morality, Prosecutorial Discretion, and Punishment : Low Crime and Convictions in Singapore Zachary Reynolds Follow this and additional works at: http://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/ international_immersion_program_papers Recommended Citation Reynolds, Zachary, "Intertwining Public Morality, Prosecutorial Discretion, and Punishment : Low Crime and Convictions in Singapore" (2017). International Immersion Program Papers. 61. http://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/international_immersion_program_papers/61 This Working Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Papers at Chicago Unbound. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Immersion Program Papers by an authorized administrator of Chicago Unbound. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INTERTWINING PUBLIC MORALITY, PROSECUTORIAL DISCRETION, AND PUNISHMENT: LOW CRIME AND CONVICTIONS IN SINGAPORE Zachary Reynolds 06/06/17 Introduction We have all likely heard of Singapore’s famously low crime rates. A point of well-deserved national pride, the small, island nation is committed to the safety of citizens and foreigners alike and consistently ranks as one of the safest cities in the world. To put this in perspective, an expatriate alumnus of the University of Chicago explained to me during my recent visit to Singapore1 that he was never concerned for the safety of his teenage daughter regardless of from where, when, or how she came home at night. Murder? Singapore has one of the lowest rates worldwide at 0.2 per 100,000 in 2013.2 Assault? Strictly controlled access to firearms makes deadly assault an extreme anomaly, and violent crime in general is virtually unheard of.
    [Show full text]
  • Networks of Survival in Kinshasa, Mumbai, Detroit, and Comparison Cities; an Empirical Perspective
    Salve Regina University Digital Commons @ Salve Regina Ph.D. Dissertations (Open Access) Salve's Dissertations and Theses 2-28-2018 Networks of Survival in Kinshasa, Mumbai, Detroit, and Comparison Cities; an Empirical Perspective Beryl S. Powell Salve Regina University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.salve.edu/phd_dissertations Part of the Economics Commons, History Commons, and the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Powell, Beryl S., "Networks of Survival in Kinshasa, Mumbai, Detroit, and Comparison Cities; an Empirical Perspective" (2018). Ph.D. Dissertations (Open Access). 4. https://digitalcommons.salve.edu/phd_dissertations/4 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Salve's Dissertations and Theses at Digital Commons @ Salve Regina. It has been accepted for inclusion in Ph.D. Dissertations (Open Access) by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Salve Regina. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Salve Regina University Networks of Survival in Kinshasa, Mumbai, Detroit, and Comparison Cities; an Empirical Perspective A Dissertation Submitted to the Humanities Program in Candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy By Beryl S. Powell Newport, Rhode Island February 2018 Copyright © 2018 by Beryl S. Powell All rights reserved ii To my father, John J. Slocum, 1914-1997, Who encouraged scholarship; And to my sons, Adam C. Powell IV and Sherman Scott Powell, From whom I learned more than I taught. And to the others . Appreciation also to Dr. Daniel Cowdin and Dr. Carolyn Fluehr Lobban, For their extensive assistance with this dissertation; and to Dr. Stephen Trainor, who enabled the final process.
    [Show full text]