State of Mobility
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June 2021 The STATE OF MOBILITY Foundational information to describe mobility in Columbus and Franklin County LINKUS | STATE OF MOBILITY REPORT WHAT IS LINKUS? LinkUS is Central Ohio’s transformational and comprehensive prosperity and mobility initiative. OVERVIEW LinkUS seeks to provide a complete mobility system along key regional growth corridors, including high capacity and advanced rapid transit, bicycle and pedestrian connections, safety improvements, and new housing and job opportunities. The initiative is a response to the challenges facing a growing region, including managing traffic congestion, ensuring equitable access to jobs and housing, promoting economic vitality, and improved sustainability. In short, LinkUS is how we plan to accommodate future growth and catalyze prosperity in our region through improved mobility. It builds on numerous previous regional planning efforts, including COTA’s NextGen plan and the MORPC insight2050 Corridor Concepts study. Ongoing collaboration with other growth management efforts will be essential to its success. insight2050 NextGen Insight2050 Corridor Concepts Study (2014) (2017) (2019) REGIONAL CORRIDOR INITIATIVES PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT Critical regional corridors were analyzed through a set of The LinkUS Program establishes the organizing principles prioritization criteria and metrics from both Insight2050 and shared goals for implementing a system of High Corridor Concepts and COTA’s NextGen process. The Capacity Transit (HCT) corridors supported by other LinkUS Framework Strategy was developed as a guide mobility modes and transit-supportive development. It for implementing planning initiatives on each of these outlines a series of next steps that are needed to achieve corridors. Building on the success of COTA’s first Arterial its strategic goals, which includes the development of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) line (the CMAX), the Northwest this State of Mobility Report, identification of a network Corridor (currently underway through the first phase of of priority mobility projects, and development of a implementation analysis), and the East-West Corridor funding strategy to support implementation. This effort (alternatives analysis currently underway), this series of coordinates with and is supportive of the ongoing regional projects will form the backbone of the region’s emerging corridor initiatives and those to come. system of advanced rapid transit corridors. PARTNERS LinkUS is a collaborative initiative co-sponsored by the City of Columbus, Central Ohio Transit Authority (COTA), the Mid- Ohio Regional Planning Commission (MORPC), and Franklin County. ii By 2050, Central Ohio will be a region of three million people - and mobility is a critical piece of preparing for that growth. iii LINKUS | STATE OF MOBILITY REPORT THE STATE OF MOBILITY REPORT This “State of Mobility Report” is a foundational assessment of the physical conditions and socio- The State of Mobility Report demographic trends that affect how Columbus moves, is a snapshot of our current documenting our successes, and taking stock of our weaknesses. It is not a full accounting of our infrastructure transportation and mobility or all information relevant to the region’s mobility. It is simply intended to set the stage for defining and shaping a reality. new mobility future. Note: Throughout this report, the name Columbus is used as shorthand to generally refer to the Central Ohio/Franklin County area that is the focus of the data cited, except where data sources are specified as the City of Columbus. DATA SOURCES Data points highlighted in this report represent Franklin County, unless otherwise stated. It should be noted that the service area for COTA goes beyond the Franklin County border. In addition to data provided directly by the City of Columbus, COTA, MORPC, and Franklin County, this majority of the data in this report uses sources described below: American Community Survey (ACS) ESRI Business Analyst Online (BAO) The ACS is an ongoing survey by the US Census Bureau ESRI BAO is a demographic mapping software that uses that collects detailed population and housing information census data to analyze and project population, business, on a yearly basis down to the block group level. lifestyle, spending, and more with map-based analytics. Urban Footprint Walk Score Urban Footprint is a dynamic mapping tool that Walk Score provides ratings between 0 and 100 that utilizes census data and other sources to create visual measure the walkability, bikeability, and public transit representations of complex data sets for cities. access for locations using patented methods of analysis. Housing & Transportation US Census Longitudinal Employer-Household Affordability (H+T) Index Dynamics (LEHD) OnTheMap The HTA Index provides data on housing and LEHD OnTheMap provides information on employment transportation costs for population and households. that is compiled from several US Census sources. Urban Suburban Rural Opportunity Index Zillow Research The Urban Suburban Rural (USR) Opportunity Index was Zillow Research provides housing data that offers developed as a collaboration between the Ohio Housing generalized measures of typical home values and rents. Finance Agency (OHFA) and the Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity at The Ohio State University. The State of Mobility Report was prepared by: Consultant: iv Contents Our FOUNDATIONS 02 Development and History Alignment of Efforts Our Priorities Equity Growth and Diversity Economic Competitiveness Public Health Our MOBILITY 18 Travel Patterns Affordable Travel Transit Vehicular Travel Asset Management Bikeability Walkability Greenways, Trails, and Parks Safety and Sustainability Emerging Trends Our PEERS 38 The Peer Cities Growth and Affordability Mode Split and Vehicle Travel Bike - Walk - Transit CONCLUSION 44 1 OUR FOUNDATIONS This section highlights the fundamental and foundational characteristics that influence the LinkUS process and mobility throughout Columbus. DEVELOPMENT AND HISTORY City of Columbus Central Ohio Growth and Urbanization Other Municipality 1950 Following World War II, the baby boom, an increase in private car ownership, less reliance on transit, 375,901 Columbus Population and other factors caused Columbus to grow rapidly 74% of County in size and population. Growth accelerated beyond Downtown, ushering in a period of dramatic suburban growth and expansion during the 1950s 40 and 1960s. Local and national policies supported Square Miles in Columbus the increased suburban growth, but they also 7% of County perpetuated racial segregation through continued redlining (which pre-dates 1950) and urban renewal. 1970 Columbus experienced the economic turmoil of the 1970s, but population and geographic growth 539,677 Columbus Population still proceeded at a high rate. This is due in part 65% of County to a diversified economy in the region. Population growth in Columbus during the 1970s was nearly 15%, and the City has grown by an average of 54 148 square miles per decade since 1950. Much of that Square Miles in Columbus growth has come from increasing suburbanization. 27% of County 2020 Following a slowdown in growth during the 1980s, Columbus has continued to grow in population by 902,674 Columbus Population over 10% each decade from 1990 to present. In the (per MORPC) early 1990s, it became the most populous city in 68% of County Ohio. The city’s economy grew in these decades, and is now home to six Fortune 500 corporations and one of the largest universities in the United 225 States. Due to its diversified economy, Columbus Square Miles in Columbus was not as affected by the late-2000s recession as 41% of County other cities in the state. 2 Page Source: ESRI Business Analyst (2020), City of Columbus, Planning Division (2020), MORPC OUR FOUNDATIONS Mobility Evolution Construction began on the first federal funded The first railroad reached Columbus in 1850: interstate highway known as the National the Columbus & Xenia Railroad. Sixteen steam Road (US-40) and crossed through Columbus. railroads would eventually serve Columbus, the Construction began on the East Coast and last of which was built in 1930. Amtrak’s National extended through Illinois. Limited last traveled through Columbus in 1979. 1806 1825 1850 1851 Construction begins on the Ohio-Erie Canal to Union Station is constructed. The station served connect Lake Erie with the Ohio River. The canal railroad passengers in Columbus until it’s passed through Groveport and Lockbourne in demolition in 1979. southern Franklin County, with a Columbus Feeder Canal from the Scioto River. Started transition from streetcars to motor bus Streetcars pulled by horses are replaced by service. electric streetcars. 1933 1895 1888 1863 Columbus is served by nine interurban lines The first Streetcar Line opened on High Street between 1895-1939, reaching cities such as between Mound Street and Naughten Street. London, Springfield, Marion, Delaware, Newark, Zanesville, Circleville and Chillicothe. I-70, I-71, and the I-270 outer belt are constructed, making it easier to travel regionally by vehicle and leads to the growth of suburban Central Ohio voters pass a transit levy, which municipalities along I-270. Communities of color leads to the creation of the Central Ohio Transit were often negatively impacted. Authority (COTA). 1950’s - 1960’s 1965 1973 1990’s-2000’s The last trackless electric trolley coaches in I-670 is completed, leading to quicker automobile Columbus are retired and replaced by diesel