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Citizen Participation in the Restoration of Old Havana

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Citizen Participation in the Restoration of Old Havana KTH Architecture and the Built Environment Citizen Participation in the Restoration of Old Havana Nasser Ladjemi Degree Project SoM EX 2011-31 Degree Program in Civil Engineering and Urban Management Stockholm 2011 KTH, Royal Institute of Technology Department of Urban Planning and Environment Division of Urban and Regional Studies Foreword This report is my Master Thesis and is based on a Minor Field Study carried out in Havana, Cuba during the period October 2009 – January 2010 with a scholarship from Sida that I am grateful for. The intention of the field study was to follow and investigate a specific planning project in the restoration of Old Havana from both the perspective of the citizens and the authorities regarding citizen participation in the planning process. After a while in Cuba the project focus had to be changed and instead treat the citizen participation in the restoration of Old Havana from a broader perspective. This was mainly due to the bureaucratic system in Cuba that required permissions to be able to formally interview residents and follow a specific project, which the time of field study was not enough for. Therefore the focus of the report became a broader approach on the citizen participation methods used and the possibilities for the residents to participate, with the aim of including the aspect of the authorities as well as the aspect of the residents. This change of focus did not mean that it now was easy to gather data for the report, but facilitated as fewer permissions were required. Added to this had the misfortune to loose my mass storage device that contained a lot of the gathered information for the report, such as interviews and photographs. Despite the difficulties in carrying out the field study the experiences from the time in Cuba are invaluable. This especially since there probably is no country in the world that is running in same way as Cuba. So the goal of coming to a place different from home was undoubtedly reached. I would like to thank Professor Emeritus Dick-Urban Vestbro at the Royal Institute of Technology for being my extremely helpful and patient supervisor that made the whole adventure of getting this report done possible. Furthermore I would like to thank my supervisor in Cuba, Professor Doctor Architect Jorge Pena Diaz at Instituto Superior Politecnico Jose Antonio Echeverria, for making the field study possible by opening doors and guiding me to key persons for my report. This concerns his helping colleagues as well. Moreover I would like to thank Jessica Argudin de Pena for helping me with the translation during the interviews and thereby solved my language problems. I am also very grateful to all the people that I have had the chance to interview, formally or informally, for my study. Last but not least I would like to thank my family for the eternal support. Abstract The city district Old Havana that is on the World Heritage List because of its Spanish colonial architecture is undergoing a restoration project of great size. The project is run by the Office of the City Historian, which in Cuban proportions is independent, the state. Instead the Office is self- financed by the profits out of the 1,5 million annual tourists that visit the already, with its 63000 inhabitants, overcrowded Old Havana. Alongside the restoration of the deteriorated buildings, the goal is to make it without resettling the current residents. Instead the aim is to involve the citizens in the planning processes to make them participate, which is not a well-tried approach in Cuban planning. This report, based on a field study in Old Havana, investigates what methods for participative planning are used by the Office and to what extent the residents see that they have the possibility to take part. Resumen El distrito de la ciudad de La Habana Vieja, que está en la lista de Patrimonio de la Humanidad por su arquitectura colonial española, se encuentra en un proyecto de restauración de gran tamaño. El proyecto está a cargo de la Oficina del Historiador de la Ciudad, que en proporciones de Cuba, es muy independiente del estado. En cambio, la Oficina se autofinancia con los beneficios de la 1,5 millones de turistas anuales que visitan el ya, con sus 63.000 habitantes, superpoblados de La Habana Vieja. Junto a la restauración de los edificios deteriorados, el objetivo es hacerlo sin el reasentamiento de los residentes actuales. En cambio, el objetivo es implicar a los ciudadanos en los procesos de planificación para hacerlos participar, que no es un método de probada eficacia en la planificación de Cuba. Este informe, basado en un estudio de campo en La Habana Vieja, investiga qué métodos de planificación participativa son utilizados por la Oficina y en qué medida los vecinos vean que tienen la posibilidad de participar. Table of Contents ...........................................................................................................................................................................5 Table of Contents................................................................................................................................................5 Introduction........................................................................................................................................................7 Aim......................................................................................................................................................................7 Methodology ......................................................................................................................................................8 Background.........................................................................................................................................................9 Cuba....................................................................................................................................................................9 The Cuban Socialism system.............................................................................................................................10 The Cuban Planning System .............................................................................................................................11 Case description: Old Havana...........................................................................................................................13 The Office of the City Historian ........................................................................................................................19 UNESCO ............................................................................................................................................................24 Theoretical Framework - Citizen Participation .................................................................................................25 Origin of Planning Theory.................................................................................................................................25 The Emergence of Participative Planning .........................................................................................................25 Structures and Methods Used in Participative Planning ..................................................................................28 Communication channels .................................................................................................................................33 Levels and Degrees of Participation..................................................................................................................36 What level/degree is the ultimate?..................................................................................................................40 When should the citizens be involved? ............................................................................................................41 Discussion ........................................................................................................................................................43 Theoretical relevance to the study...................................................................................................................49 Result................................................................................................................................................................50 The Aims of the Work of the Office ..................................................................................................................50 Methods Used for Citizen Participation in Old Havana ...................................................................................51 The Perception of the Citizens..........................................................................................................................63 Final Discussion ...............................................................................................................................................68 Participation......................................................................................................................................................68 Satisfaction .......................................................................................................................................................70 General .............................................................................................................................................................70
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