DOCSLIB.ORG

Mantengo" in the Making of Colonial Addiction

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mantengo Recovery and Developmental Reason: The Biopolitics of Race, Hygiene, and “Mantengo" in the Making of Colonial Addiction Timothy C. Nest Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry McGill University, Montreal A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master’s of Science in Psychiatry © Timothy C Nest, 2017 Nest 2 Table of Contents Abstract…………………………………………………………..……………..…3 Acknowledgements.……………………………………………………………….4 Introduction……………………………………………….……………………….5 Toward a Historical Epistemology of Addiction…………………………12 The Pastoral and the Biopolitical…………………….….………………..16 The Present Study………………………………….……….…….………18 Chapter One…………………..…………………………………………………..23 Biopolitical Sources of Race in Medicine………………………….…….24 Race, Climate, and Cosmos in French Naval Hygiene.…………………..36 Chapter Two………………………………………. ....…………………………..51 The Vital and the Ontological……………..….……………………..……... Compiling “Race”………………………..….……………………………59 Tracing Addiction: an American Disease…..……………………..………74 Chapter Three………………………………………………………….………….93 Illegibility, Mestizaje and the Wild Man ………..……………….….……94 Epidemics and Imperial Power……………………………………..……..99 The Epistemic Refinement of a Criminal Class…………………….……105 Illicit Economies and Everyday Resistance ………………….…………..107 Chapter Four……………………………………………………………………....113 The Sick Society…………..….…………………….…………………..…114 Nest 3 Biology and Central Planning……………………..…..………..…………120 An Exception of an Exception…..…………………………..…………….123 Chapter Five ………………………………………………………………………134 Epistemic Sources of Addiction…………………………………………...135 Administering Addiction Treatment…..………………………………...…144 Legacies of CISLA …..………………………………………………….…148 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………….151 “Mantengo” and the Moral Economy of Addiction………………………..153 Between “loss” and “affectability” ………………………………………...156 A New Security Paradigm……………………………………………….…160 The biopolitics of race in addiction………………………………………...165 References……………………………………………………………………….…167 Nest 4 Abstract In the first decades of the 20th century, while the Rockefeller Bureau of Social Hygiene and US Public Health Service worked diligently to establish addiction as a legitimate scientific concept in the wake of newly instated narcotics controls, Puerto Rico was in the midst of a tumultuous series of economic, social, and sanitary reforms imposed in great part through related Rockefeller institutions. Still, it would be nearly 50 years before dangerous narcotic drugs were an object of significant popular or scientific attention there. The present study traces the development of addiction services in Puerto Rico and the uneasy (colonial) import of a stable and institutionally functional concept of addiction. Rather than being a clear-cut medical response to a burgeoning public health problem, a range of institutional bodies, federal and insular, played a role in generating a singularly Puerto Rican addiction concept and an associated addiction treatment industry. This work attempts to locate a concept of addiction and addicted-persons that is not simply reducible to associated American scientific and social concepts, but was erected around long-standing local notions of delinquency, hygiene, development economics, and colonial identity detailed in the medical and popular literatures of an occupied Puerto Rico. Such a concept has persisted in shaping the manner in which Puerto Rican addicts are managed distinctly from parallel American institutions, and has also had considerable impact on practices associated with addiction recovery exercised on Latinx communities within the US, and across the globe. Nest 5 Acknowledgements I would like to thank, in no particular order: Brian Murphy, Dimitri Mugianis, Lourdes Torres Baez, Sugeily Rivera Suazo, Carmen Albizu-Garcia, Jerome Jaffe, Efren Ramírez, Salvador Santiago, Miledys Sanchez Betancourt, Julia Delgado, Eugene Raikhel, Danielle Groleau, Allan Young, Helena Hansen, Jim Baumohl, Carmen Santos-Corrada, Fernando Pico, David Dietch, Eli Oda Sheiner, Laurence Kirmayer, Eileen Findlay, David Arnold, Warwick Anderson, Ann Laura Stoler, Timothy D. Walker, Faith Wallis. This thesis is dedicated to the memory of Fernando Pico. Nest 6 Introduction In a 2016 exposé of abuses and torture of mentally ill inmates in the Florida prison system, Eyal Press observes that by the 1990’s, prisons had come to serve as “America’s dominant mental health institutions.” By now Press’ claim is all but cliche-- echoing a rich burgeoning literature on transinstitutionalization and the increasingly salient hegemony of “carceral capitalism” (Wang, 2017) in contemporary abolitionist writing. Despite these emergents trajectories in political thought, however, relatively little attention has been given to the penal dimension of what is certainly the most enduring of American psychological illness categories: addiction. Since the turn of the 20th century--first in the imperial periphery of the Philippines, and subsequently in US urban enclaves--the “moral plague” of narcotics addiction has filled an important niche in the American, and global, social imaginary; yet the link it fleshes out between penology and public health, social illness and social danger, is by no means an American invention. In its earliest instantiations, America’s medical discourses on addiction qua chronic mental disorder assumed salient features of contemporary and 19th century discourses on colonial medicine and race-thinking, fashioned and refashioned through imperial engagements following the nation’s first expeditionary war. The present thesis follows this development in two movements. In the first section, I build on archival research to deconstruct the epistemic category of addiction as a historical Nest 7 outgrowth of late 19th and early 20th century race-thinking. This work aims to resituate the debate around contemporary US drug war—a political endeavor so evocative of older forms of American social violence and so racially disproportionate that the American Civil Liberties Union has called it “the new Jim Crow.” This convergence of race and symbolic violence is no coincidence, but has roots in the very earliest constructions of addiction as an object of study, which was enacted then, as now, on disproportionately racialized and colonized populations. In the second section, I focus my attention on the present day drug war in Puerto Rico, and the more recent history of addiction treatment services negotiated in the 1960’s between the island and what is arguably the most important of its diasporic nodes, New York City. This second segment is based likewise on archival research, interviewing, participant observation, and is presented in the form of institutional ethnography--albeit a someone incomplete one. The reason I take Puerto Rico as an area of particular interest is not merely that it has been home to one of the most extreme examples of symbolic violence surrounding drug use, treatment, and criminalization. It is also the historical home of treatment paradigms that have had an indispensable influence on the way states administer drug treatment--both formally and informally-- in the present day. Still it is worthy of note that the US drug war in Puerto Rico has brought with it internationally exceptional degrees of violence (Boyd, 2001; see also Alexander, 2012). Among its most salient features, the 100-mile island today plays host to a murder rate proportionally higher than that of almost any country in the western hemisphere— including Mexico, Brazil, and the Dominican Republic—and more than 5-times that of the US. Dwarfing the near 50% figure of the broader United States, Puerto Rico’s carceral system boasts levels of Nest 8 drug-related imprisonment nearing 90% (Upegui-Hernández & Torruella, 2015; Beruff & Cordero, 2001). In addition to its burden on Puerto Rico’s prison system, drug use has had a major toll in recent decades on the island’s public health. Despite the steady decline of HIV transmission and HIV-related mortality on the US mainland over the past three decades (Center for Disease nd Control and Prevention [CDC], 2008), HIV in Puerto Rico more than doubled from 2 ​ among ​ US states and territories in 2006 (CDC, 2009), to more than 4 times the national rate in 2012 (CDC, 2012). These figures are particularly striking when taken in conjunction with an overwhelming 49% decrease in HIV transmission amongst Caribbean populations in general, which persist in yielding the highest global incidence of HIV infection and HIV-related death outside of sub-Saharan Africa (Figueroa, 2014). Contrary to the epidemiological trend of HIV transmission by way of sexual contact in the majority of Caribbean islands and the world, roughly 60% of HIV transmission in Puerto Rico is the result of drug injection (CDC, 2010). In the face of such grim realities, addicts in Puerto Rico face exceptionally severe barriers to treatment. Though “health” figures at the head of a list of economic priorities defined by the Estado Libre Asociado (Free Associated State [ELA]) government amidst growing austerity ​ constraints on the state, addiction has been notably excluded from these priorities in ways both formal and informal. Following early 1990’s legislation, which separated the funding of DESCA—the Department of Health body then responsible for managing addiction—from the broader funding of Puerto Rico’s health department, Puerto Rico’s 2000 “Mental Health Law,” explicitly eliminated substance dependence by legal definition from
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cancel Culture: Posthuman Hauntologies in Digital Rhetoric and the Latent Values of Virtual Community Networks
    CANCEL CULTURE: POSTHUMAN HAUNTOLOGIES IN DIGITAL RHETORIC AND THE LATENT VALUES OF VIRTUAL COMMUNITY NETWORKS By Austin Michael Hooks Heather Palmer Rik Hunter Associate Professor of English Associate Professor of English (Chair) (Committee Member) Matthew Guy Associate Professor of English (Committee Member) CANCEL CULTURE: POSTHUMAN HAUNTOLOGIES IN DIGITAL RHETORIC AND THE LATENT VALUES OF VIRTUAL COMMUNITY NETWORKS By Austin Michael Hooks A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree of Master of English The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Chattanooga, Tennessee August 2020 ii Copyright © 2020 By Austin Michael Hooks All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT This study explores how modern epideictic practices enact latent community values by analyzing modern call-out culture, a form of public shaming that aims to hold individuals responsible for perceived politically incorrect behavior via social media, and cancel culture, a boycott of such behavior and a variant of call-out culture. As a result, this thesis is mainly concerned with the capacity of words, iterated within the archive of social media, to haunt us— both culturally and informatically. Through hauntology, this study hopes to understand a modern discourse community that is bound by an epideictic framework that specializes in the deconstruction of the individual’s ethos via the constant demonization and incitement of past, current, and possible social media expressions. The primary goal of this study is to understand how these practices function within a capitalistic framework and mirror the performativity of capital by reducing affective human interactions to that of a transaction.
    [Show full text]
  • JUVENILE DELINQUENTS and the CONSTRUCTION of a PUERTO RICAN SUBJECT, 1880-1938 by Suset L. Laboy Pérez BA, Y
    MINOR PROBLEMS: JUVENILE DELINQUENTS AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF A PUERTO RICAN SUBJECT, 1880-1938 by Suset L. Laboy Pérez B.A., Yale University, 2002 M.A., University of Wisconsin, 2006 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2014 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH KENNETH P. DIETRICH SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES This dissertation was presented by Suset L. Laboy Pérez It was defended on Friday, January 24, 2014 and approved by Dr. Seymour Drescher, Professor, Department of History Dr. Lara Putnam, Professor, Department of History Dr. Harry Sanabria, Professor, Department of Anthropology Dissertation Advisor: Dr. Alejandro de la Fuente, Professor, Department of History ii Copyright © by Suset L. Laboy Pérez 2014 iii MINOR PROBLEMS: JUVENILE DELINQUENTS AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF A PUERTO RICAN SUBJECT, FROM 1880-1938 Suset Laboy Pérez, PhD University of Pittsburgh, 2014 This dissertation focuses on the creation of a juvenile delinquent subject in Puerto Rico, studying why concerns about children and youth transgressions emerged and evolved in the island after the mid 19th century. Furthermore, it analyzes the creation and evolution of new state institutions to prosecute, contain, and reform delinquent youth between 1880 and 1938. It also traces the experiences of the children and the families targeted by these institutions. The dissertation answers the following questions: 1) How was juvenile delinquency
    [Show full text]
  • Congressional Record United States Th of America PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of the 112 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION
    E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 112 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION Vol. 158 WASHINGTON, THURSDAY, JUNE 7, 2012 No. 85 House of Representatives The House met at 10 a.m. and was B, 3rd Battalion, 22nd Infantry, 25th In- in Elk Rapids, Michigan. He and his called to order by the Speaker pro tem- fantry Division. On June 6, 1969, while wife of 42 years, Christine, raised three pore (Mr. BARTON of Texas). serving as a radio-telephone operator children. f at Fire Support Base Crook in Thai Nin On behalf of the citizens of Michi- Province, when the base came under in- gan’s First District, it’s my privilege DESIGNATION OF SPEAKER PRO tense rocket and mortar attack, Spe- to recognize Clarence Szejbach, an TEMPORE cialist Szejbach secured his radio and American hero, for his service, sac- The SPEAKER pro tempore laid be- followed the company commander to rifice, and continued patriotism. fore the House the following commu- the defense perimeter to observe and nication from the Speaker: report enemy movements. Exposing f WASHINGTON, DC, himself to the rain of enemy fire, he as- ENSURING CHILD CARE FOR June 7, 2012. sisted in resupplying ammunition to WORKING FAMILIES ACT I hereby appoint the Honorable JOE BAR- troops in the bunkers. When the enemy TON to act as Speaker pro tempore on this blew gaps in the wire defenses and at- The SPEAKER pro tempore. The day. tempted to breach the perimeter, he Chair recognizes the gentleman from JOHN A.
    [Show full text]
  • Cover Image: Slum Settlement in Cluj-Napoca, Romania (Photo by Iosif Adam) Editorial Revolt, Chronic Disaster and Hope “This T
    Cover image: Slum settlement in Cluj-Napoca, Romania (photo by Iosif Adam) Editorial Revolt, chronic disaster and hope “This too is a war about stories.” (Solnit, 2017) “...my aspirations lie where we ignite our desire to begin from and give birth to so many human and nonhuman lives, bound together by the most abject disinterest for power. Never am I more Caribbean, Antillean, Latin American, wherever we may be, than today. I live and die with wounds that will never finish closing. And I will always stand in the lines we make to care for us and, hopefully, to heal us.” (Llenín Figueroa 2019) “Note 11: The longer I’m over here, abroad, the more intrigued I am by the contrasts between my native land and the great metropolis. I don’t mean the obvious, like the monumental buildings, the immense population, and the ruckus on the street. Nor, of course, the cold that bites more and more each day. I mean the little things, like the promptness of the bus, the water pressure, and the absolute confidence one has in the fact that things work. What now? What do we do?” (Orraca-Brandenberger 2019) In early July 2019, a line of tolerability was irrevocably crossed when an 800+ page group chat that took place in the messaging application ‘Telegram’ was leaked, revealing damning exchanges between the sitting governor of Puerto Rico, Ricardo Rosselló, and his group of closest confidants. The insulting messages (now variously known as #telegramgate, Chatgate or RickyLeaks) shook this Caribbean ‘postcolonial colony’ (Ayala and Bernabe 2007; Flores 1993; Negrón-Muntaner and Grosfoguel 1997), surfacing at a time when multiple crises were converging in real time: a long- standing public debt and an undemocratically appointed financial authority board (‘La Junta’) continued to rule the island’s finances to the detriment of the masses; decades of neoliberal austerity policies were causing mass out-migration and poverty; and the havoc caused by Hurricane Maria was still unraveling.
    [Show full text]
  • Latina/O Psychology Today an Official Publication of the National Latina/O Psychological Association
    LATINA/O PSYCHOLOGY TODAY AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE NATIONAL LATINA/O PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION VOL 1 ISSUE 1 FALL 2014 TOPICAL ISSUE: DREAMERS, IMMIGRATION, & SOCIAL JUSTICE EDITORIAL BOARD FROM THE PRESIDENT Editor: Dear NLPA Members, Hector Y. Adames, Psy.D. Welcome to the first issue of Latina/o Psychology Today Associate Editor: (formerly El Boletín) edited by Dr. Héctor Adames together Nayeli Y. Chavez-Dueñas, Ph.D. with associate editor Dr. Nayeli Chávez-Dueñas and student editors Ms. Jessica Pérez-Chávez & Ms. Mackenzie Goertz, & special interest group (SIG) column coordinator, Dr. Regina Student Editors: Jean Van Hell. Together with the Journal of Latina/o Psychology, LPT is one Jessica G. Perez-Chavez of two NLPA’s official publications that our members receive. Mackenzie T. Goertz I want to thank Dr. Héctor Adames and his team for this first issue as well as all the contributors you will have the pleasure to read in the following pages. SIG Column Coordinator: NLPA’s mission is to advance psychological education and training, scientific Regina Jean-van Hell, Ph.D. practice and organizational change to enhance the overall well-being of Latina/o populations. NLPA is the professional home for Latina/o psychologists, graduate and CONTENTS undergraduate students, as well as our allies. We are mental health professionals, researchers and educators interested in matters concerning Latina/o psychology. 1 President’s Column As I see it, NLPA is the hope for a better psychology, one that is committed and responsive to the needs of our people, one that is engaged in the much needed social 4 From the Editor transformations that affirm the human rights, and human dignity of our people, one that accompanies and bears witness to the suffering and the strength of our people.
    [Show full text]
  • Puerto Rico Under La Mano Dura Contra El Crimen, 1993-1996
    IN THE CUSTODY OF VIOLENCE: PUERTO RICO UNDER LA MANO DURA CONTRA EL CRIMEN, 1993-1996 ARTICLE PATRICIO G. MARTÍNEZ LLOMPART* I. Death in the Tropics ........................................................................................... 448 A. Crime in Puerto Rico: Statistics and Typology ......................................... 449 B. Waging War on Crime: La Mano Dura contra el Crimen ......................... 450 C. State of the Field: A Trans-American Study of Crime and Punishment ................................................................................................. 451 D. Mano Dura and the Creation of a Punitive State ...................................... 453 II. Governance a la Mano Dura ............................................................................. 454 A. Mano Dura Beyond Temporality and Theatrics ....................................... 454 B. Origins: Mano Dura as Campaign Rhetoric and Political Discourse .................................................................................................... 456 C. Public Strategies: The Theater of Mano Dura ............................................ 461 D. Beyond Theatrics: Institutional Transformations Ushered by Mano Dura .................................................................................................. 464 E. La Mano Dura and the Birth of Puerto Rico’s Undefended ..................... 467 III. Public Defense Eclipsed ................................................................................... 468 A. A Crisis of Public Defense,
    [Show full text]
  • City Marketing and Gated Communities: a Case Study of Guaynabo, Puerto Rico
    University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Open Access Dissertations 9-2009 City Marketing and Gated Communities: A Case Study of Guaynabo, Puerto Rico Carlos A. Suarez-Carrasquillo University of Massachusetts Amherst, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Suarez-Carrasquillo, Carlos A., "City Marketing and Gated Communities: A Case Study of Guaynabo, Puerto Rico" (2009). Open Access Dissertations. 139. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations/139 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CITY MARKETING AND GATED COMMUNITIES: A CASE STUDY OF GUAYNABO, PUERTO RICO A Dissertation Presented by CARLOS A. SUÁREZ-CARRASQUILLO Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY September 2009 Department of Political Science © Copyright by Carlos A. Suárez-Carrasquillo 2009 All Rights Reserved CITY MARKETING AND GATED COMMUNITIES: A CASE STUDY OF GUAYNABO, PUERTO RICO A Dissertation Presented by CARLOS A. SUÁREZ-CARRASQUILLO Approved as to style and content by: _______________________________ John Brigham, Chair _______________________________ Laura Jensen, Member _______________________________ Ellen Pader, Member _______________________________ John A. Hird, Department Head Department of Political Science DEDICATION To Milagros Carrasquillo Bonilla (mi madre) and Ángel Luis Suárez Martínez (mi padre) for nourishing my dreams. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This arduous process has required a lot of patience and considerable aguante.
    [Show full text]
  • A Cruising Guide to Puerto Rico
    A Cruising Guide to Puerto Rico Ed. 1.0 by Frank Virgintino Flag of Puerto Rico Copyright © 2012 by Frank Virgintino. All rights reserved. www.freecruisingguides.com A Cruising Guide to Puerto Rico, Ed. 1.0 www.freecruisingguides.com 2 Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................. 10 1. PREFACE AND PORT REFERENCES ....................................... 12 SOUTH COAST ......................................................................... 13 EAST COAST ............................................................................ 14 Mainland ................................................................................ 14 Islands .................................................................................... 15 NORTH COAST ......................................................................... 15 WEST COAST ........................................................................... 16 2. INTRODUCING PUERTO RICO ................................................ 17 SAILING DIRECTIONS TO PUERTO RICO .............................. 17 From North: ............................................................................ 17 From South: ............................................................................ 21 From East: .............................................................................. 22 From West: ............................................................................. 22 PUERTO RICAN CULTURE ...................................................... 23 SERVICES
    [Show full text]
  • The Criminality of Good Business in Puerto Rico Kuwary Torréns Negrón [email protected]
    The University of San Francisco USF Scholarship: a digital repository @ Gleeson Library | Geschke Center Master's Theses Theses, Dissertations, Capstones and Projects Fall 12-14-2012 El que hace la ley, hace la trampa; The criminality of good business in Puerto Rico Kuwary Torréns Negrón [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.usfca.edu/thes Recommended Citation Torréns Negrón, Kuwary, "El que hace la ley, hace la trampa; The criminality of good business in Puerto Rico" (2012). Master's Theses. 37. https://repository.usfca.edu/thes/37 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, Capstones and Projects at USF Scholarship: a digital repository @ Gleeson Library | Geschke Center. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of USF Scholarship: a digital repository @ Gleeson Library | Geschke Center. For more information, please contact [email protected]. University of San Francisco EL QUE HACE LA LEY, HACE LA TRAMPA: THE CRIMINALITY OF GOOD BUSINESS IN PUERTO RICO Kuwary Torréns Negrón December 2012 Master of Arts in International Studies EL QUE HACE LA LEY, HACE LA TRAMPA: THE CRIMINALITY OF GOOD BUSINESS IN PUERTO RICO In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF ARTS in INTERNATIONAL STUDIES by Kuwary Torréns Negrón December 2012 UNIVERSITY OF SAN FRANCISCO Under the guidance and approvals of the committee, and approval by all the members, this thesis has been accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree. Approved: _______________________________ ______________ Advisor Date _______________________________ ______________ Academic Director Date _______________________________ ______________ Dean of Arts and Sciences Date Abstract This thesis analyzes the relationship between the increase in unemployment caused by the implementation of the 2009 economic policy-Ley Siete and the increase in crime.
    [Show full text]
  • Why Puerto Rico's Economy Matters for U.S. Security
    Why Puerto Rico’s Economy Matters for U.S. Security 1616 Rhode Island Avenue NW | Washington DC 20036 AUTHOR t. 202.887.0200 | f. 202.775.3199 | www.csis.org José J. Villamil FOREWORD Carl Meacham A Report of the CSIS Americas Program JANUARY 2014 Blank Why Puerto Rico’s Economy Matters for U.S. Security Author José J. Villamil Foreword Carl Meacham A Report of the CSIS Americas Program January 2014 About CSIS For over 50 years, the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) has worked to develop solutions to the world’s greatest policy challenges. Today, CSIS scholars are providing strategic insights and bipartisan policy solutions to help decisionmakers chart a course toward a better world. CSIS is a nonprofit organization headquartered in Washington, D.C. The Center’s 220 full- time staff and large network of affiliated scholars conduct research and analysis and develop policy initiatives that look into the future and anticipate change. Founded at the height of the Cold War by David M. Abshire and Admiral Arleigh Burke, CSIS was dedicated to finding ways to sustain American prominence and prosperity as a force for good in the world. Since 1962, CSIS has become one of the world’s preeminent international institutions focused on defense and security; regional stability; and transnational challenges ranging from energy and climate to global health and economic integration. Former U.S. senator Sam Nunn has chaired the CSIS Board of Trustees since 1999. Former deputy secretary of defense John J. Hamre became the Center’s president and chief executive officer in 2000.
    [Show full text]
  • Book Reviews -Gesa Mackenthun, Stephen Greenblatt, Marvelous Possessions: the Wonder of the New World. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991
    Book Reviews -Gesa Mackenthun, Stephen Greenblatt, Marvelous Possessions: The wonder of the New World. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991. ix + 202 pp. -Peter Redfield, Peter Hulme ,Wild majesty: Encounters with Caribs from Columbus to the present day. An Anthology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992. x + 369 pp., Neil L. Whitehead (eds) -Michel R. Doortmont, Philip D. Curtin, The rise and fall of the plantation complex: Essays in Atlantic history. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990. xi + 222 pp. -Roderick A. McDonald, Hilary McD.Beckles, A history of Barbados: From Amerindian settlement to nation-state. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. xv + 224 pp. -Gertrude J. Fraser, Hilary McD.Beckles, Natural rebels; A social history of enslaved black women in Barbados. New Brunswick NJ and London: Rutgers University Press and Zed Books, 1990 and 1989. ix + 197 pp. -Bridget Brereton, Thomas C. Holt, The problem of freedom: Race, labor, and politics in Jamaica and Britain, 1832-1938. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1991. xxxi + 517 pp. -Peter C. Emmer, A. Meredith John, The plantation slaves of Trinidad, 1783-1816: A mathematical and demographic inquiry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. xvi + 259 pp. -Richard Price, Robert Cohen, Jews in another environment: Surinam in the second half of the eighteenth century. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1991. xv + 350 pp. -Russell R. Menard, Nigel Tattersfield, The forgotten trade: comprising the log of the Daniel and Henry of 1700 and accounts of the slave trade from the minor ports of England, 1698-1725. London: Jonathan Cape, 1991. ixx + 460 pp. -John D. Garrigus, James E.
    [Show full text]
  • “Orgulloso De Mi Caserío Y De Quien Soy”: Race, Place, and Space in Puerto Rican Reggaetón by Petra Raquel Rivera a Disser
    “Orgulloso de mi Caserío y de Quien Soy”: Race, Place, and Space in Puerto Rican Reggaetón By Petra Raquel Rivera A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in African American Studies in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Percy C. Hintzen, Chair Professor Leigh Raiford Professor Joceylne Guilbault Spring 2010 “Orgulloso de mi Caserío y de Quien Soy”: Race, Place, and Space in Puerto Rican Reggaetón © 2010 By Petra Raquel Rivera Abstract “Orgulloso de mi Caserío y de Quien Soy”: Race, Place, and Space in Puerto Rican Reggaetón by Petra Raquel Rivera Doctor of Philosophy in African American Studies University of California, Berkeley Professor Percy C. Hintzen, Chair My dissertation examines entanglements of race, place, gender, and class in Puerto Rican reggaetón. Based on ethnographic and archival research in San Juan, Puerto Rico, and in New York, New York, I argue that Puerto Rican youth engage with an African diasporic space via their participation in the popular music reggaetón. By African diasporic space, I refer to the process by which local groups incorporate diasporic resources such as cultural practices or icons from other sites in the African diaspora into new expressions of blackness that respond to their localized experiences of racial exclusion. Participation in African diasporic space not only facilitates cultural exchange across different African diasporic sites, but it also exposes local communities in these sites to new understandings and expressions of blackness from other places. As one manifestation of these processes in Puerto Rico, reggaetón refutes the hegemonic construction of Puerto Rican national identity as a “racial democracy.” Similar to countries such as Brazil and Cuba, the discourse of racial democracy in Puerto Rico posits that Puerto Ricans are descendents of European, African, and indigenous ancestors.
    [Show full text]