DOCSLIB.ORG

The Role of the Heart Sutra

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Role of the Heart Sutra EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SINOLOGY 5 (2014) — M. WOESLER, ED. — The Role of the Heart Sutra in The Dream of the Red Chamber · Understanding Honglou meng as A Dream about the Red Pavillion, and not as A Dream of the Red Chamber · Moulüe in the Honglou meng and in the Song of the Nibelungs · Color Symbolism of Redness in The Dream of the Red Chamber European Journal of Sinology 5 (2014) The European Journal of Sinology (EJSin) Editor: is published by the European Science & Martin Woesler Scholarship Association, currently under the scholarly auspices of the German China Witten/Herdecke University, Witten/Ger- Association. many; Università Roma Tre, Rome/Italy The journal contains articles, occasional All inquiries, manuscripts, job applications papers, review articles, book reviews, and books for abstracting/review should annotated translations, notes, and essays as be sent to: well as abstracts of papers of other journals Ruhr University Bochum, P. O. Box “The and monographs in German, English, University Press Bochum”, European French and Chinese dealing with the Journal of Sinology, Editor, Universitaetsst. history, economy, culture and society of 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany Greater China. Founded by Martin email: [email protected] Woesler in 2010, it offers a forum especially for scholars from the EU and other European countries. We welcome Co-Editors: contributions based on independent Luigi Moccia, Rome research by scholars (including PhD Stefan Messmann, Budapest students) everywhere. Currently the journal is actively seeking to expand its contributor base (see instructions for contributors)! Editorial Board: Joël Bellassen This is a PEER REVIEWED publication. Lutz Bieg It is INDEXED in the European Citation Claudia von Collani ® Index , the Index of the European Science Hermann Halbeisen & Scholarship Association. Harald Holz Papers accepted by this journal count for the European IMPACT FACTOR®. Frank Kraushaar Peter Kupfer It is ABSTRACTED in: Bulletin of the German China Association. Wolfgang Ommerborn The Journal of Sinology is a REFEREED Gregor Paul academic journal published once a year Karl-Heinz Pohl both in print and electronic form Guido Rappe (http://china-studies.com). Andrea Riemenschnitter Maurizio Scarpari Helwig Schmidt-Glintzer Harro von Senger Helmolt Vittinghoff Regional Advisory Board: USA ISBN 978-1-68202-525-3 Baltic States: Frank Kraushaar ASIN *9781682025253* France: Joël Bellassen Germany: Martin Woesler Europe ISBN 978-3-86515-365-4 Hungary: Stefan Messmann EAN *9783865153654* Italy: Luigi Moccia Switzerland: Harro von Senger ISSN 2190-085X All other countries: positions open for EISSN applications The rate of the book series European Journal Managing and Production Editor: of Sinology. Special Issue, ISSN 2190-0868, is Martin Woesler 49 € / US$ per volume. English Language Editor: USA Licia D. Kim The journal is printed and published in the USA by Academic Press of the USA and can be purchased directly from the Press Chinese Research Assistant: via [email protected] or through Tianwei You Amazon.com. Publishing House: For the Catalogue Information, please refer to the Library of Congress (Preassigned European University Press Control Number Program). in association with West German University Press Europe Academic Press of the U.S.A. The journal is printed and published in Europe by European University Press and Instructions for contributors can be purchased directly from the Press Please format your paper in Microsoft via [email protected] or through Word or Open Office in the way it should Amazon.de. appear in the journal and submit it to [email protected]. Bibliographic information published by the Individual and institutional subscription Deutsche Nationalbibliothek rates incl. (inter)national shipping (single The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this issues and special issues): publication in the Deutsche Nationalbiblio- print version 49 € | US$/ year grafie; detailed bibliographic data are avail- online & print combined version 99 €|US$ able on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de . single online version only available for institutional access license programs © European University Press 2014 special issues 49 €|US$ http://verlag.rub.de/ejs.html Order: [email protected] http://china-studies.com “CONTENTS”, IN: EJSIN 5 (2014) 5 Contents Preview EJSin 6 (2015) EJSin 5 (2014) Editorial................................................... 7-8 Editorial...................................................7-8 The Idea of ‘Law’ in China: An Overview The Role of the Heart Sutra Luigi Moccia............................................9-55 in The Dream of the Red Chamber HONGLOU MENG SERIES.........................57 Karl-Heinz Pohl ......................................9-20 Why it would be much more correct 3rd International Dream of the Red to understand HLM as A Dream about Chamber Conference in Europe........58-61 the Red Pavillion, and not as A Dream of the Red Chamber A Crane standing amidst Chickens: Cao Xueqin’s Art of Bird Marina Čarnogurská .............................21-37 Symbolism Viewed against His Moulüe in the Honglou meng 红楼梦 Kin’s and Friends’ Writings and in the Nibelungenlied (Song of the Zhou Zuyan...........................................62-70 Nibelungs) Comparing Cao Xueqin’s and Harro von Senger ...................................38-60 Baiwei’s Qingwen with Gabriele A Dream of Equality – Has it been D’Annunzio’s Bianca Maria: achieved? Some Legal Aspects of the A Study in Sino-Italian Literary Facts in A Dream of Red Mansions Decadence Marián Gálik........................................72-83 Stefan Messmann ...................................61-75 Color Symbolism of Redness in Baochai Chasing Butterflies: The Dream of the Red Chamber Visual Culture in Honglou meng Wei Wu.............................................. 76-110 Kimberly Besio .....................................84-105 Index ............................................... 111-112 Index................................................106-107 POHL, “ROLE OF THE HEART SUTRA IN DREAM OF THE RED CHAMBER”, IN: EJSIN 5 (2014) 9 - 20 9 The Role of the “Form does not differ from emptiness; emptiness does not differ from form. Heart Sutra in the Form is nothing but emptiness; emptiness is nothing but form.” Dream of the The message of non-duality is crucial Red Chamber to the understanding of The Dream of the Red Chamber: There is no difference Karl-Heinz Pohl between “emptiness” 空 and “form/lust” 色, no difference between “true” (reality 真) and “false” (fiction 假), no difference Abstract between Buddhist awakening and The Dream of the Red Chamber can be passion/love, no difference between read in a philosophical, that is, in a Samsara and Nirvana. Daoist/ Buddhist way: understanding the Hence, one has to go through the vanity of life by going through its fullness world of passion and love (“red dust”) in (of desires, passions and lust). order to awake to emptiness – which can Important for a Buddhist reading of also be the result of reading the book! the novel is some knowledge of the “Heart Sutra” (心经), one of the most popular and influential Buddhist Keywords scriptures in general. What are and where Mahayana Buddhism, Vimalkirti Sutra, do we find the signals to the Buddhist Non-Duality, Emptiness, Thusness meaning of the novel? Central terms and ideas of the “Heart Sutra” frame the book (in its first and last The Dream of the Red Chamber (Honglou chapter), in particular the idea of Non- meng 红楼梦) by Cao Xueqin 曹雪芹 (c. 不二 Duality ( ), which arises from the 1715-1763), also known in English as The central passage of the “Heart Sutra”: Story of the Stone, is celebrated as the 10 EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SINOLOGY 5 (2014) greatest of all classical Chinese novels, phical question: What is true and what is and this rightly so. None other matches it false? Or, as a semi-biographical novel: in its richness of content, its psychologi- what is reality (zhen 真 ) and what is cal characterization, its detailed de- fiction (jia 假)? – in the language of Goe- scription of social life of the 18th century the, the relationship between "Dichtung and its sensitivity to standards of traditio- und Wahrheit" (Fiction and Truth). nal Chinese aesthetics, such as the enjoy- ment of gardens, poetry, painting and The Daoist/Buddhist reading is cer- calligraphy. For this reason, the studies tainly one of the more fascinating ways of about the novel have become so nume- approaching the novel. Here, the central rous that they can hardly be surveyed idea is to understand the vanity of life by anymore by single researchers. going through its fullness of desires, passions and lust. Traditionally though, there are several established ways of reading the novel: as If it is to be read in this way, one a novel of manners (comparable to the Jin needs to understand the respective signals Ping Mei 金瓶梅 – The Plum in the Golden in the novel which is a demanding task, Vase1); as a chronicle of the decline of a particularly for a Western audience not wealthy family (like Thomas Mann’s Bud- too familiar with the respective back- denbrooks) including a political-historical ground. For non-native readers, the book frame of reference (and respective hidden is difficult enough for its many (untrans- criticism); as a sad love story; as a novel latable) puns based on the homophony of of formation/education or coming-of-age characters, particularly in the names of (what is called in German: Entwicklungsro- protagonists which are based on the man / Bildungsroman);
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Animals and Morality Tales in Hayashi Razan's Kaidan Zensho
    University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Masters Theses Dissertations and Theses March 2015 The Unnatural World: Animals and Morality Tales in Hayashi Razan's Kaidan Zensho Eric Fischbach University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2 Part of the Chinese Studies Commons, Japanese Studies Commons, and the Translation Studies Commons Recommended Citation Fischbach, Eric, "The Unnatural World: Animals and Morality Tales in Hayashi Razan's Kaidan Zensho" (2015). Masters Theses. 146. https://doi.org/10.7275/6499369 https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2/146 This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE UNNATURAL WORLD: ANIMALS AND MORALITY TALES IN HAYASHI RAZAN’S KAIDAN ZENSHO A Thesis Presented by ERIC D. FISCHBACH Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS February 2015 Asian Languages and Literatures - Japanese © Copyright by Eric D. Fischbach 2015 All Rights Reserved THE UNNATURAL WORLD: ANIMALS AND MORALITY TALES IN HAYASHI RAZAN’S KAIDAN ZENSHO A Thesis Presented by ERIC D. FISCHBACH Approved as to style and content by: __________________________________________ Amanda C. Seaman, Chair __________________________________________ Stephen Miller, Member ________________________________________ Stephen Miller, Program Head Asian Languages and Literatures ________________________________________ William Moebius, Department Head Languages, Literatures, and Cultures ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank all my professors that helped me grow during my tenure as a graduate student here at UMass.
    [Show full text]
  • Last Name First Name/Middle Name Course Award Course 2 Award 2 Graduation
    Last Name First Name/Middle Name Course Award Course 2 Award 2 Graduation A/L Krishnan Thiinash Bachelor of Information Technology March 2015 A/L Selvaraju Theeban Raju Bachelor of Commerce January 2015 A/P Balan Durgarani Bachelor of Commerce with Distinction March 2015 A/P Rajaram Koushalya Priya Bachelor of Commerce March 2015 Hiba Mohsin Mohammed Master of Health Leadership and Aal-Yaseen Hussein Management July 2015 Aamer Muhammad Master of Quality Management September 2015 Abbas Hanaa Safy Seyam Master of Business Administration with Distinction March 2015 Abbasi Muhammad Hamza Master of International Business March 2015 Abdallah AlMustafa Hussein Saad Elsayed Bachelor of Commerce March 2015 Abdallah Asma Samir Lutfi Master of Strategic Marketing September 2015 Abdallah Moh'd Jawdat Abdel Rahman Master of International Business July 2015 AbdelAaty Mosa Amany Abdelkader Saad Master of Media and Communications with Distinction March 2015 Abdel-Karim Mervat Graduate Diploma in TESOL July 2015 Abdelmalik Mark Maher Abdelmesseh Bachelor of Commerce March 2015 Master of Strategic Human Resource Abdelrahman Abdo Mohammed Talat Abdelziz Management September 2015 Graduate Certificate in Health and Abdel-Sayed Mario Physical Education July 2015 Sherif Ahmed Fathy AbdRabou Abdelmohsen Master of Strategic Marketing September 2015 Abdul Hakeem Siti Fatimah Binte Bachelor of Science January 2015 Abdul Haq Shaddad Yousef Ibrahim Master of Strategic Marketing March 2015 Abdul Rahman Al Jabier Bachelor of Engineering Honours Class II, Division 1
    [Show full text]
  • Utopia/Wutuobang As a Travelling Marker of Time*
    The Historical Journal, , (), pp. – © The Author(s), . Published by Cambridge University Press. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc-nd/./), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work. doi:./SX UTOPIA/WUTUOBANG AS A TRAVELLING MARKER OF TIME* LORENZO ANDOLFATTO Heidelberg University ABSTRACT. This article argues for the understanding of ‘utopia’ as a cultural marker whose appearance in history is functional to the a posteriori chronologization (or typification) of historical time. I develop this argument via a comparative analysis of utopia between China and Europe. Utopia is a marker of modernity: the coinage of the word wutuobang (‘utopia’) in Chinese around is analogous and complementary to More’s invention of Utopia in ,inthatbothrepresent attempts at the conceptualizations of displaced imaginaries, encounters with radical forms of otherness – the European ‘discovery’ of the ‘New World’ during the Renaissance on the one hand, and early modern China’sown‘Westphalian’ refashioning on the other. In fact, a steady stream of utopian con- jecturing seems to mark the latter: from the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom borne out of the Opium wars, via the utopian tendencies of late Qing fiction in the works of literati such as Li Ruzhen, Biheguan Zhuren, Lu Shi’e, Wu Jianren, Xiaoran Yusheng, and Xu Zhiyan, to the reformer Kang Youwei’s monumental treatise Datong shu.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysi of Dream of the Red Chamber
    MULTIPLE AUTHORS DETECTION: A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF DREAM OF THE RED CHAMBER XIANFENG HU, YANG WANG, AND QIANG WU A bs t r a c t . Inspired by the authorship controversy of Dream of the Red Chamber and the applica- tion of machine learning in the study of literary stylometry, we develop a rigorous new method for the mathematical analysis of authorship by testing for a so-called chrono-divide in writing styles. Our method incorporates some of the latest advances in the study of authorship attribution, par- ticularly techniques from support vector machines. By introducing the notion of relative frequency as a feature ranking metric our method proves to be highly e↵ective and robust. Applying our method to the Cheng-Gao version of Dream of the Red Chamber has led to con- vincing if not irrefutable evidence that the first 80 chapters and the last 40 chapters of the book were written by two di↵erent authors. Furthermore, our analysis has unexpectedly provided strong support to the hypothesis that Chapter 67 was not the work of Cao Xueqin either. We have also tested our method to the other three Great Classical Novels in Chinese. As expected no chrono-divides have been found. This provides further evidence of the robustness of our method. 1. In t r o du c t ion Dream of the Red Chamber (˘¢â) by Cao Xueqin (˘»é) is one of China’s Four Great Classical Novels. For more than one and a half centuries it has been widely acknowledged as the greatest literary masterpiece ever written in the history of Chinese literature.
    [Show full text]
  • Making the Palace Machine Work Palace Machine the Making
    11 ASIAN HISTORY Siebert, (eds) & Ko Chen Making the Machine Palace Work Edited by Martina Siebert, Kai Jun Chen, and Dorothy Ko Making the Palace Machine Work Mobilizing People, Objects, and Nature in the Qing Empire Making the Palace Machine Work Asian History The aim of the series is to offer a forum for writers of monographs and occasionally anthologies on Asian history. The series focuses on cultural and historical studies of politics and intellectual ideas and crosscuts the disciplines of history, political science, sociology and cultural studies. Series Editor Hans Hågerdal, Linnaeus University, Sweden Editorial Board Roger Greatrex, Lund University David Henley, Leiden University Ariel Lopez, University of the Philippines Angela Schottenhammer, University of Salzburg Deborah Sutton, Lancaster University Making the Palace Machine Work Mobilizing People, Objects, and Nature in the Qing Empire Edited by Martina Siebert, Kai Jun Chen, and Dorothy Ko Amsterdam University Press Cover illustration: Artful adaptation of a section of the 1750 Complete Map of Beijing of the Qianlong Era (Qianlong Beijing quantu 乾隆北京全圖) showing the Imperial Household Department by Martina Siebert based on the digital copy from the Digital Silk Road project (http://dsr.nii.ac.jp/toyobunko/II-11-D-802, vol. 8, leaf 7) Cover design: Coördesign, Leiden Lay-out: Crius Group, Hulshout isbn 978 94 6372 035 9 e-isbn 978 90 4855 322 8 (pdf) doi 10.5117/9789463720359 nur 692 Creative Commons License CC BY NC ND (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0) The authors / Amsterdam University Press B.V., Amsterdam 2021 Some rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, any part of this book may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise).
    [Show full text]
  • “A Preliminary Discussion of Literary Reform” by Hu Shi
    Primary Source Document with Questions (DBQs) “ A PRELIMINARY DISCUSSION OF LITERARY REFORM” By Hu Shi Introduction Beginning around 1917, Chinese intellectuals began to engage each other in serious discussion and debate on culture, history, philosophy, and related subjects — all with an eye to the bigger problem of China’s weakness and the possible solutions to that problem. This period of intellectual debate, labeled the May Fourth Movement, lasted to around 1921. Hu Shi (1891-1962) was one of the leading May Fourth intellectuals. A student of agriculture at Cornell University, and then of philosophy under John Dewey at Columbia University, Hu led the way in the movement to write Chinese in the vernacular, as opposed to the elegant, but (to the average Chinese) incomprehensible classical style. Hu also played a leading role in the cultural debates of the time. The following document represents Hu’s ideas on literary reform. Document Excerpts with Questions (Longer selection follows this section) From Sources of Chinese Tradition: From 1600 Through the Twentieth Century, compiled by Wm. Theodore de Bary and Richard Lufrano, 2nd ed., vol. 2 (New York: Columbia University Press, 2000), 357-360. © 2000 Columbia University Press. Reproduced with the permission of the publisher. All rights reserved. “A Preliminary Discussion of Literary Reform” By Hu Shi I believe that literary reform at the present time must begin with these eight items: (1) Write with substance. (2) Do not imitate the ancients. (3) Emphasize grammar. (4) Reject melancholy. (5) Eliminate old clichés. (6) Do not use allusions. (7) Do not use couplets and parallelisms.
    [Show full text]
  • Beijing, a Garden of Violence
    Inter-Asia Cultural Studies ISSN: 1464-9373 (Print) 1469-8447 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/riac20 Beijing, a garden of violence Geremie R. Barmé To cite this article: Geremie R. Barmé (2008) Beijing, a garden of violence, Inter-Asia Cultural Studies, 9:4, 612-639, DOI: 10.1080/14649370802386552 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14649370802386552 Published online: 15 Nov 2008. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 153 View related articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=riac20 Download by: [Australian National University] Date: 08 April 2016, At: 20:00 Inter-Asia Cultural Studies, Volume 9, Number 4, 2008 Beijing, a garden of violence Geremie R. BARMÉ TaylorRIAC_A_338822.sgm10.1080/14649370802386552Inter-Asia1464-9373Original200894000000DecemberGeremieBarmé[email protected] and& Article Francis Cultural (print)/1469-8447Francis 2008 Studies (online) ABSTRACT This paper examines the history of Beijing in relation to gardens—imperial, princely, public and private—and the impetus of the ‘gardener’, in particular in the twentieth-century. Engag- ing with the theme of ‘violence in the garden’ as articulated by such scholars as Zygmunt Bauman and Martin Jay, I reflect on Beijing as a ‘garden of violence’, both before the rise of the socialist state in 1949, and during the years leading up to the 2008 Olympics. KEYWORDS: gardens, violence, party culture, Chinese history, Chinese politics, cultivation, revolution The gardening impulse This paper offers a brief examination of the history of Beijing in relation to gardens— imperial, princely, socialist, public and private—and the impetus of the ‘gardener’, in particular during the twentieth century.
    [Show full text]
  • 100 Chinese Keywords
    present 100 CHINESE KEYWORDS from the book “HISTORY FLASHBACK” Chinese Pinyin English 黄帝 Huángdì The Yellow Emperor 皇帝 huángdì emperor 女娲 Nǚwā Nuwa 甲骨文 jiǎgǔwén oracle bone script 天命 Tiānmìng Mandate of Heaven 易经 Yìjīng I Ching 龙的传人 lóng de chuánrén descendants of the dragon 诸子百家 zhūzǐbǎijiā Hundred Schools of Thought 战国 Zhànguó Warring States 孔子 Kǒngzǐ Kongzi (Confucius) 儒家思想 Rújiā sīxiǎng Confucianism 老子 Lǎozǐ Laozi (Lao Tzu) 道教 Dàojiào Daoism 道德经 Dàodéjīng Daodejing (Tao Te Ching) 无为 wúwéi non-doing 墨子 Mòzǐ Mozi 庄子 Zhuāngzǐ Zhuangzi 孟子 Mèngzǐ Mengzi (Mencius) 孙子兵法 Sūnzǐ Bīngfǎ (Sunzi’s) Art of War 长城 Chángchéng Great Wall of China 秦始皇 Qín Shǐhuáng Qin Shihuang 妃子 fēizi concubines 兵马俑 bīngmǎyǒng terracotta warriors 汉族 Hànzú Han (ethnicity) 丝绸之路 Sīchóu zhī Lù Silk Road 汉武帝 Hàn Wǔdì Han Wudi 四大发明 Sì Dà Fāmíng Four Great Inventions Chinese Pinyin English 指南针 zhǐnánzhēn compass 火药 huǒyào gunpowder 造纸术 zàozhǐshù paper-making 印刷术 yìnshuāshù printing press 司马迁 Sīmǎ Qiān Sima Qian 史记 Shǐjì Records of the Grand Historian 太监 tàijiàn eunuch 三国 Sānguó Three Kingdoms (period) 竹林七贤 Zhúlín Qīxián Seven Bamboo Sages 花木兰 Huā Mùlán Hua Mulan 京杭大运河 Jīng-Háng Dàyùnhé Grand Canal 佛教 Fójiào Buddhism 武则天 Wǔ Zétiān Wu Zetian 四大美女 Sì Dà Měinǚ Four Great Beauties 唐诗 Tángshī Tang poetry 李白 Lǐ Bái Li Bai 杜甫 Dù Fǔ Du Fu Along the River During the Qingming 清明上河图 Qīngmíng Shàng Hé Tú Festival (painting) 科举 kējǔ imperial examination system 西藏 Xīzàng Tibet, Tibetan 书法 shūfǎ calligraphy 蒙古 Měnggǔ Mongolia, Mongolian 成吉思汗 Chéngjí Sīhán Genghis Khan 忽必烈 Hūbìliè Kublai
    [Show full text]
  • Chinese Culture Themes and Cultural Development: from a Family Pedagogy to A
    Chinese Culture themes and Cultural Development: from a Family Pedagogy to a Performance-based Pedagogy of a Foreign Language and Culture DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Nan Meng Graduate Program in East Asian Languages and Literatures The Ohio State University 2012 Dissertation Committee: Galal Walker, Advisor Mari Noda Mineharu Nakayama Copyright by Nan Meng 2012 Abstract As the number of Americans studying and working in China increases, it becomes important for language educators to reconsider the role of culture in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. Many American learners of Chinese fail to achieve their communicative goals in China because they are unable to establish and convey their intentions, or to interpret their interlocutors’ intentions. Only knowing the linguistic code is not sufficient; therefore, it is essential to develop learners’ abilities to be socialized to Chinese culture. A working definition of culture theme as a series of situated acts associated with cultural values is proposed. In order to explore how children acquire culture themes with competent social guides, a quantitative comparative study of maternal speech and a micro-ethnographic discourse analysis of adult-child interactions are presented. Parental discourse patterns are shown to be culturally specific activities that not only foster language development, but also maintain normative dimensions of social life. The culture themes are developed at a young age through children’s interactions with Chinese speakers under the guidance of their parents or caregivers. In order to communicate successfully people have to do things within the shared time and space provided by the culture.
    [Show full text]
  • English Versions of Chinese Authors' Names in Biomedical Journals
    Dialogue English Versions of Chinese Authors’ Names in Biomedical Journals: Observations and Recommendations The English language is widely used inter- In English transliteration, two-syllable Forms of Chinese Authors’ Names nationally for academic purposes. Most of given names sometimes are spelled as two in Biomedical Journals the world’s leading life-science journals are words (Jian Hua), sometimes as one word We recently reviewed forms of Chinese published in English. A growing number (Jianhua), and sometimes hyphenated authors’ names accompanying English- of Chinese biomedical journals publish (Jian-Hua). language articles or abstracts in various abstracts or full papers in this language. Occasionally Chinese surnames are Chinese and Western biomedical journals. We have studied how Chinese authors’ two syllables (for example, Ou-Yang, Mu- We found considerable inconsistency even names are presented in English in bio- Rong, Si-Ma, and Si-Tu). Editors who are within the same journal or issue. The forms medical journals. There is considerable relatively unfamiliar with Chinese names were in the following categories: inconsistency. This inconsistency causes may mistake these compound surnames for • Surname in all capital letters followed by confusion, for example, in distinguishing given names. hyphenated or closed-up given name, for surnames from given names and thus cit- China has 56 ethnic groups. Names example, ing names properly in reference lists. of minority group members can differ KE Zhi-Yong (Chinese Journal of In the current article we begin by pre- considerably from those of Hans, who Contemporary Pediatrics) senting as background some features of constitute most of the Chinese population. GUO Liang-Qian (Chinese Chinese names.
    [Show full text]
  • Dreams of Timeless Beauties: a Deconstruction of the Twelve Beauties of Jinling in Dream of the Red Chamber and an Analysis of Their Image in Modern Adaptations
    Dreams of Timeless Beauties: A Deconstruction of the Twelve Beauties of Jinling in Dream of the Red Chamber and an Analysis of Their Image in Modern Adaptations Xiaolu (Sasha) Han Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Prerequisite for Honors in East Asian Studies April 2014 ©2014 Xiaolu (Sasha) Han Acknowledgements First of all, I thank Professor Ellen Widmer not only for her guidance and encouragement throughout this thesis process, but also for her support throughout my time here at Wellesley. Without her endless patience this study would have not been possible and I am forever grateful to be one of her advisees. I would also like to thank the Wellesley College East Asian Studies Department for giving me the opportunity to take on such a project and for challenging me to expand my horizons each and every day Sincerest thanks to my sisters away from home, Amy, Irene, Cristina, and Beatriz, for the many late night snacks, funny notes, and general reassurance during hard times. I would also like to thank Joe for never losing faith in my abilities and helping me stay motivated. Finally, many thanks to my family and friends back home. Your continued support through all of my endeavors and your ability to endure the seemingly endless thesis rambles has been invaluable to this experience. Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 3 CHAPTER 1: THE PAIRING OF WOOD AND GOLD Lin Daiyu .................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Hu Shih and Education Reform
    Syracuse University SURFACE Theses - ALL June 2020 Moderacy and Modernity: Hu Shih and Education Reform Travis M. Ulrich Syracuse University Follow this and additional works at: https://surface.syr.edu/thesis Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons Recommended Citation Ulrich, Travis M., "Moderacy and Modernity: Hu Shih and Education Reform" (2020). Theses - ALL. 464. https://surface.syr.edu/thesis/464 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by SURFACE. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses - ALL by an authorized administrator of SURFACE. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Abstract This paper focuses on the use of the term “moderate” “moderacy” as a term applied to categorize some Chinese intellectuals and categorize their political positions throughout the 1920’s and 30’s. In the early decades of the twentieth century, the label of “moderate” （温和 or 温和派）became associated with an inability to align with a political or intellectual faction, thus preventing progress for either side or in some cases, advocating against certain forms of progress. Hu Shih, however, who was one of the most influential intellectuals in modern Chinese history, proudly advocated for pragmatic moderation, as suggested by his slogan: “Boldness is suggesting hypotheses coupled with a most solicitous regard for control and verification.” His advocacy of moderation—which for him became closely associated with pragmatism—brought criticism from those on the left and right. This paper seeks to address these analytical assessments of Hu Shih by questioning not just the labeling of Hu Shih as a moderate, but also questioning the negative connotations attached to moderacy as a political and intellectual label itself.
    [Show full text]