DOCSLIB.ORG

Application of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing for Monitoring Eutrophication Indicators in the Adriatic Sea Coastal Zones and Inland Waters

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Application of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing for Monitoring Eutrophication Indicators in the Adriatic Sea Coastal Zones and Inland Waters Academic Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Doctoral Study “Environmental Management“ Mak Kišević APPLICATION OF HYPERSPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING FOR MONITORING EUTROPHICATION INDICATORS IN THE ADRIATIC SEA COASTAL ZONES AND INLAND WATERS DOCTORAL THESIS Supervisors: Prof. Roko Andričević, PhD Mira Morović, PhD Zagreb, 2015 i Sveučilišni, interdisciplinarni, poslijediplomski, doktorski studij "Upravljanje okolišem" Mak Kišević PRIMJENA HIPERSPEKTRALNE DALJINSKE DETEKCIJE ZA PRAĆENJE INDIKATORA EUTROFIKACIJE U PRIOBALNIM PODRUČJIMA JADRANSKOG MORA I U KOPNENIM VODAMA DOKTORSKI RAD Mentori: Prof.dr.sc. Roko Andričević Dr.sc. Mira Morović Zagreb, 2015 ii Mariji ljepote punoj Ljiljani i Bruni iii Acknowledgements I am very grateful to my supervisors prof. Roko Andričević, PhD and Mira Morović, PhD for providing valuable feedback and guiding my research towards the doctoral thesis that you have in front of you. My gratefulness extends to Amer Smailbegović, PhD who introduced me to the basics of collecting and analysing hyperspectral data and provided help and friendship in numerous occasions. This research would be impossible without the good people from the Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries in Split and the Agricultural Faculty at the University of Zagreb who generously provided me with some of the equipment that I used for collecting data. Živana Ninčević, PhD, provided Chlorophyll data for the model validation, Ante Žuljević, PhD provided location guidance for collecting Caulerpa samples, prof. Ivica Kisić, PhD let me use field spectrometer from his laboratory. My fellow students and scuba divers Dajana Brajčić and Ivana Dragičević helped in collecting samples of subaquatic vegetation and Lea Levi and Vedran Petrov helped in collecting data in the Kaštela Bay and River Sava. I would also like to thank for the grant received from the “Alexandar Goetz Instrument Support Program” which provided us with the field spectrometer. The special thank you goes to professor Gia Destouni, PhD and the Swedish Research Council for supporting part of the research on the River Sava regarding the use of hyperspectral data for complementing the monitoring of nutrient dynamics. I am also expressing my gratitude to the company Eco- Logic Systems and to its owner Mark Gero who covered part of my scholarship at the postgraduate studies. Finally, I would like to thank prof. Natalija Koprivanac, PhD, prof. Tarzan Legović, PhD and prof. Roko Andričević, PhD for their efforts in organising an excellent postgraduate programme that has been a valuable stepping stone in my research and professional development. iv Table of Contents 1! INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1! 1.1! Problem setting ................................................................................................................ 1! 1.2! Research objective ........................................................................................................... 3! 1.3! Research questions .......................................................................................................... 3! 1.4! Hypothesis ........................................................................................................................ 4! 1.5! Scientific Contribution .................................................................................................... 4! 1.6! Structure of the thesis ..................................................................................................... 5! 2! EUTROPHICATION ........................................................................................................ 7! 2.1! Eutrophication processes and its consequences ........................................................... 7! 2.2! Sources of eutrophication ............................................................................................... 9! 2.3! Coastal and inland waters .............................................................................................. 9! 2.4! Eutrophication assessment ........................................................................................... 11! 2.5! Invasive species as indicators of eutrophication ......................................................... 13! 3! THEORETICAL BACKGROUND ................................................................................ 15! 3.1! Basics of remote sensing ............................................................................................... 15! 3.2! Remote sensing of water quality .................................................................................. 17! 3.2.1! Atmosphere .................................................................................................................. 21! 3.2.2! Air-water interface ....................................................................................................... 22! 3.2.3! Bottom effect ................................................................................................................ 22! 3.2.4! Adjacency effect ........................................................................................................... 22! 3.3! Inherent optical properties of water ............................................................................ 23! 3.4! Optically measurable water constituents .................................................................... 24! 3.4.1! Pure water ..................................................................................................................... 24! 3.4.2! Phytoplankton .............................................................................................................. 24! 3.4.3! Colored dissolved organic matter ................................................................................. 25! 3.4.4! Suspended inorganic matter ......................................................................................... 25! 3.4.5! Other optically measurable water quality parameters .................................................. 26! 4! REVIEW OF CURRENT RESEARCH ADVANCEMENTS ..................................... 27! 4.1! Algorithms for water quality ........................................................................................ 27! v 4.1.1! Chlorophyll a ................................................................................................................ 27! 4.1.2! TSS ............................................................................................................................... 29! 4.1.3! Turbidity ....................................................................................................................... 30! 4.2! Satellite remote sensing of water quality ..................................................................... 34! 4.3! Remote sensing of invasive species .............................................................................. 42! 4.4! Application of remote sensing products in eutrophication assessment .................... 44! 5! MATERIALS AND METHODS .................................................................................... 46! 5.1! Description of research area ......................................................................................... 46! 5.1.1! Kaštela Bay .................................................................................................................. 46! 5.1.2! Sava River .................................................................................................................... 46! 5.1.3! Island of Hvar ............................................................................................................... 47! 5.2! Data collection ............................................................................................................... 47! 5.2.1! Kaštela Bay .................................................................................................................. 47! 5.2.2! Sava River .................................................................................................................... 49! 5.2.3! Invasive subaquatic vegetation ..................................................................................... 53! 5.3! In-situ data pre-processing ........................................................................................... 54! 5.4! Empirical estimation of water quality parameters .................................................... 54! 5.4.1! Establishing correlations between optical and water quality data ................................ 54! 5.4.2! Algorithm development ................................................................................................ 55! 5.4.3! Accuracy ....................................................................................................................... 56! 5.5! Image classification ....................................................................................................... 57! 5.5.1! Image pre-processing ................................................................................................... 57! 5.5.2! Georectification ............................................................................................................ 57! 5.5.3! Removal of atmospheric effects ................................................................................... 58! 5.5.4! Generating prediction maps ......................................................................................... 58! 6! RESULTS .........................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Spatiotemporal Evolution of Lakes Under Rapid Urbanization: a Case Study in Wuhan, China
    water Article Spatiotemporal Evolution of Lakes under Rapid Urbanization: A Case Study in Wuhan, China Chao Wen 1, Qingming Zhan 1,* , De Zhan 2, Huang Zhao 2 and Chen Yang 3 1 School of Urban Design, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; [email protected] 2 China Construction Third Bureau Green Industry Investment Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430072, China; [email protected] (D.Z.); [email protected] (H.Z.) 3 College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-139-956-686-39 Abstract: The impact of urbanization on lakes in the urban context has aroused continuous attention from the public. However, the long-term evolution of lakes in a certain megacity and the heterogeneity of the spatial relationship between related influencing factors and lake changes are rarely discussed. The evolution of 58 lakes in Wuhan, China from 1990 to 2019 was analyzed from three aspects of lake area, lake landscape, and lakefront ecology, respectively. The Multi-Scale Geographic Weighted Regression model (MGWR) was then used to analyze the impact of related influencing factors on lake area change. The investigation found that the total area of 58 lakes decreased by 15.3%. A worsening trend was found regarding lake landscape with the five landscape indexes of lakes dropping; in contrast, lakefront ecology saw a gradual recovery with variations in the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) in the lakefront area. The MGWR regression results showed that, on the whole, the increase in Gross Domestic Product (GDP), RSEI in the lakefront area, precipitation, and humidity Citation: Wen, C.; Zhan, Q.; Zhan, contributed to lake restoration.
    [Show full text]
  • Seasonal Succession of Bacterial Communities in Three Eutrophic Freshwater Lakes
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Case Report Seasonal Succession of Bacterial Communities in Three Eutrophic Freshwater Lakes Bin Ji, Cheng Liu, Jiechao Liang and Jian Wang * Department of Water and Wastewater Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; [email protected] (B.J.); [email protected] (C.L.); [email protected] (J.L.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-27-68893616 Abstract: Urban freshwater lakes play an indispensable role in maintaining the urban environment and are suffering great threats of eutrophication. Until now, little has been known about the seasonal bacterial communities of the surface water of adjacent freshwater urban lakes. This study reported the bacterial communities of three adjacent freshwater lakes (i.e., Tangxun Lake, Yezhi Lake and Nan Lake) during the alternation of seasons. Nan Lake had the best water quality among the three lakes as reflected by the bacterial eutrophic index (BEI), bacterial indicator (Luteolibacter) and functional prediction analysis. It was found that Alphaproteobacteria had the lowest abundance in summer and the highest abundance in winter. Bacteroidetes had the lowest abundance in winter, while Planctomycetes had the highest abundance in summer. N/P ratio appeared to have some relationships with eutrophication. Tangxun Lake and Nan Lake with higher average N/P ratios (e.g., N/P = 20) tended to have a higher BEI in summer at a water temperature of 27 ◦C, while Yezhi Lake with a relatively lower average N/P ratio (e.g., N/P = 14) tended to have a higher BEI in spring and autumn at a water temperature of 9–20 ◦C.
    [Show full text]
  • Planning Strategy and Practice of Low-Carbon City Construction , 46 Th ISOCARP Congress 2010
    Zhang Wentong, Planning Strategy and Practice of Low-carbon City Construction , 46 th ISOCARP Congress 2010 Planning Strategy and Practice of Low-carbon City Construction Development in Wuhan, China Zhang Wentong Yidong Hu I. Exploration on Planning of Low-carbon City Construction under the Global Context The concept of low-carbon is proposed in the context of responding to global climate change and advocating reducing the discharge of greenhouse gases in human’s production activities. While in the urban area, the low-carbon city is evolved gradually from the concept of ecological city, and these two can go hand in hand. The connotation of low-carbon city has also changed from the environment subject majoring in reducing carbon emission to a comprehensive subject including society, culture, economy and environment. Low-carbon city has become a macro-system synthesizing low-carbon technology, low-carbon production & consumption mode and mode of operation of low-carbon city. At last it will be amplified to the entire level of ecological city. The promotion of low-carbon city construction has a profound background of times and practical significance. Just as Professor Yu Li from Cardiff University of Great Britain has summed up, at least there are reasons from three aspects for the promotion of low-carbon city construction: firstly, reduce the emission of carbon through the building of ecological cities and return to a living style with the harmonious development between man and the nature; secondly, different countries hope to obtain a leading position in innovation through exploration on ecological city technology, idea and development mode and to lead the construction of sustainable city of the next generation; thirdly, to resolve the main problems in the country and local areas as well as the problem of “global warming”.
    [Show full text]
  • DELIVERABLE 4 Report on the Identification of the Main Adriatic Fisheries, with Relevant Maps, Focusing on the Shared Stocks
    MAREA MEDITERRANEAN HALIEUTIC RESOURCES EVALUATION AND ADVICE Specific Contract no 10 - SEDAF: "Improved knowledge of the main socio-economic aspects related to the most important fisheries in the Adriatic Sea” SPECIFIC CONTRACT N° 10 "IMPROVED KNOWLEDGE OF THE MAIN SOCIO- ECONOMIC ASPECTS RELATED TO THE MOST IMPORTANT FISHERIES IN THE ADRIATIC SEA (SEDAF)" DELIVERABLE 4 Report on the identification of the main Adriatic fisheries, with relevant maps, focusing on the shared stocks Responsible Giuseppe Scarcella (CNR) WP1. Fisheries identification Task 1.1 - Fishery identification demersals Task 1.2 - Fishery identification small pelagics Participants WP 1 leader and D4 responsible: Giuseppe Scarcella (CNR - Ancona) Task 1.1 leader: Nedo Vrgoč (IOF – Split) Task 1.2 leader: Ana Pešić (IMB – Kotor) CONISMA-NISEA: Dario Pinello, Evelina Sabatella IMB: Zdravko Ikica LAP: Jerina Kolitari FRIS: Bojan Marčeta December 2014 “This report does not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission and in no way anticipates any future opinion of the Commission. Permission to copy, or reproduce the contents of this report is granted subject to citation of the source of this material. This study has been carried out with the financial assistance of the European Commission.” 1 MAREA MEDITERRANEAN HALIEUTIC RESOURCES EVALUATION AND ADVICE Specific Contract no 10 - SEDAF: "Improved knowledge of the main socio-economic aspects related to the most important fisheries in the Adriatic Sea” Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY..................................................................................................................3
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Assistance Consultant's Report People's Republic of China
    Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report Project Number: 42011 November 2009 People’s Republic of China: Wuhan Urban Environmental Improvement Project Prepared by Easen International Co., Ltd in association with Kocks Consult GmbH For Wuhan Municipal Government This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. (For project preparatory technical assistance: All the views expressed herein may not be incorporated into the proposed project’s design. ADB TA No. 7177- PRC Project Preparatory Technical Assistance WUHAN URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT PROJECT Final Report November 2009 Volume I Project Analysis Consultant Executing Agency Easen International Co., Ltd. Wuhan Municipal Government in association with Kocks Consult GmbH ADB TA 7177-PRC Wuhan Urban Environmental Improvement Project Table of Contents WUHAN URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT PROJECT ADB TA 7177-PRC FINAL REPORT VOLUME I PROJECT ANALYSIS TABLE OF CONTENTS Abbreviations Executive Summary Section 1 Introduction 1.1 Introduction 1-1 1.2 Objectives of the PPTA 1-1 1.3 Summary of Activities to Date 1-1 1.4 Implementation Arrangements 1-2 Section 2 Project Description 2.1 Project Rationale 2-1 2.2 Project Impact, Outcome and Benefits 2-2 2.3 Brief Description of the Project Components 2-3 2.4 Estimated Costs and Financial Plan 2-6 2.5 Synchronized ADB and Domestic Processes 2-6 Section 3 Technical Analysis 3.1 Introduction 3-1 3.2 Sludge Treatment and Disposal Component 3-1 3.3 Technical Analysis for Wuhan New Zone Lakes/Channels Rehabilitation, Sixin Pumping Station and Yangchun Lake Secondary Urban Center Lake Rehabilitation 3-51 3.4 Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations 3-108 Section 4 Environmental Impact Assessment 4.1 Status of EIAs and SEIA Approval 4-1 4.2 Overview of Chinese EIA Reports 4-1 Easen International Co.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Opening Speech Time: 08:45 - 09:00 President’S Speech: Jian Guo Zhou, 10 Min Dean’S Speech: Baoshan Cui, 5 Min
    Sponsored by National Key R&D Program of China （2018YFC1406400, 2016YFC0500402, 2017YFC0506603, 2018YFC0407403） Key Lab of Water and Sediment Science of the Ministry of Education （IAHR） International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research 1 Scientific Committee Name School Country John Bridgeman The University of Bradford U.K. Stuart Bunn Griffith University Australia John Cater The University of Auckland New Zealand Muk Chen Ong University of Stavanger Norway Taiwan, Jianzhong Chen Fooyin University China Carlo Gualtieri University of Naples Italy China Institute of Water Resources and Wei Huang China Hydropower Research Magnus Larson Lund University Sweden Yiping Li Hohai University China Pengzhi Lin Sichuan University China China Institute of Water Resources and Shu Liu China Hydropower Research William Nardin The University of Maryland U.S.A. Ling Qian Manchester Metropolitan University U.K. Benedict Rogers The University of Manchester U.K. Xinshan Song Donghua University China Marcel Stive Delft University of Technology Netherlands Guangzhi Sun Edith Cowan University Australia Xuelin Tang Chinese Agricultural University China Roger Wang Rutgers University U.S.A. Zheng Bing Wang Delft University of Technology Netherlands Yujun Yi Beijing Normal University China Xiao Yu University of Florida U.S.A. Zhonglong Zhang Portland State University U.S.A. 2 Conference Committee Chair: Jian Guo Zhou, Manchester Metropolitan University Co-Chairs: Baoshan Cui, Beijing Normal University Alistair G.L. Borthwick, The University
    [Show full text]
  • Summary Environmental Impact Assessment Wuhan
    SUMMARY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT WUHAN WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT PROJECT IN THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA July 2002 CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 15 June 2002) Currency Unit - yuan (CNY) CNY 1.00 = $0.121 $1.00 = CNY8.27 The exchange rate of the yuan is determined under a floating exchange rate system. In this report a rate of $1.00 = CNY8.27 is used. ABBREVIATIONS AAOV average annual output value A/C anaerobic plus modified carousel oxidation ditch process ADB Asian Development Bank A/O anaerobic/ oxic AP affected people BOD biochemical oxygen demand CODcr chemical oxygen demand EIA environmental impact assessment EIRR economic internal rate of return HPEPB Hubei Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau PPTA project preparatory technical assistance PRC People’s Republic of China PRO project resettlement office RAP Resettlement Action Plan RP Resettlement Plan SEPA State Environmental Protection Administration t/yr ton per year WMEPB Wuhan Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau WMWC Wuhan Municipal Wastewater Company WPMO Wuhan Project Management Office WWTP wastewater treatment plant WEIGHTS AND MEASURES ha Hectare km Kilometer km2 square kilometer m Meter m/s meter per second m3 cubic meter m3/day cubic meter per day t/yr ton per year NOTES: (i) The fiscal year (FY) of the government coincides with the calendar year. (ii) In this report, “$” refers to US dollars. CONTENTS MAP(s) ii I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 2 A. Topography and Geology 2 B. Climate and Rainfall 2 C. Hydrology 3 D. Ecological Resources 3 E. Water Quality and Pollution 4 F. Social and Economic Conditions 4 IV.
    [Show full text]
  • Management Plan for Bottom Trawl Fisheries
    MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR BOTTOM TRAWL FISHERIES Draft version (for internal use only) February, 2013 1 Schematic presentation of preparation and contents of the managment plan DEFINING THE FRAMEWORK PLANA UPRAVLJANJA COLLECTION OF DATA AND SITUATION ASSESSMENT DEFINING THE OBJECTIVES OF THE PLAN STAKEHOLDERES DEFINING INDICATORS AND REFERENCE POINTS DETERMINING MEASURES AND DEADLINE TO ACHIEVE THE OBJECTIVES EVERY 3 TO 5 YEARS ESTABLISHMENT AND CONTROL OF MEASURES IMPLEMENTATION MONITORING ANNUALY SHORT TERM EVALUATION OD EFFECT OF MEASURES AND THIER ADJUSTMENT ARRANGMENT AND HARMONIZATION OF ACTIVITIESALL WITH PROCJENA UČINKA MJERA I NJIHOVA PRILAGODBA LONG-TERM EVALUATION OD EFFECT OF MEASURES AND THEIR ADJUSTMENT 2 CONTENTS Schematic presentation of preparation and contents of the managment plan .......................................... 2 1. MANAGEMENT PLAN FRAMEWORK ...................................................................................... 4 2. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 5 3. ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ECOSYSTEM IN WHICH THE MANAGEMENT PLAN IS CARRIED OUT ........................................................................................ 8 4. STRUCTURE OF THE TRAWLER FLEET IN THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA ..................... 12 5. LEGAL REGULATION OF TRAWL FISHING ......................................................................... 21 6. TRAWL CATCH IN THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA ..............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Spatiotemporal Distribution and Mass Loadings of Perfluoroalkyl
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Institutional Repository of Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry,CAS(GIGCAS OpenIR) Science of the Total Environment 493 (2014) 580–587 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Science of the Total Environment journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/scitotenv Spatiotemporal distribution and mass loadings of perfluoroalkyl substances in the Yangtze River of China Chang-Gui Pan, Guang-Guo Ying ⁎, Jian-Liang Zhao, You-Sheng Liu, Yu-Xia Jiang, Qian-Qian Zhang State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China HIGHLIGHTS • Contamination profiles of 18 PFCs in the Yangtze River investigated • PFOA was the predominant PFAS contaminant both in water and sediment. • The annual mass loading of total PFASs was 20900 kg/year. • Wuhan and Er'zhou contributed the most amounts of PFASs into the Yangtze River. • No significant seasonal variations observed for most PFASs in water. • Most PFAS concentrations were correlated positively with TN both in water and sediment. article info abstract Article history: A systematic investigation into contamination profiles of eighteen perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in both sur- Received 13 March 2014 face water and sediments of Yangtze River was carried out by using high performance liquid chromatography– Received in revised form 9 June 2014 tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS) in summer and winter of 2013. The total concentrations of the Accepted 10 June 2014 PFASs in the water and sediment of Yangtze River ranged from 2.2 to 74.56 ng/L and 0.05 to 1.44 ng/g dry weights Available online 28 June 2014 (dw), respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Study on the Lakes in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Article A Fuzzy Comprehensive Assessment and Hierarchical Management System for Urban Lake Health: A Case Study on the Lakes in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China Teng Wang 1,†, Jingjing Yan 2,†, Jinlong Ma 2, Fei Li 2,* , Chaoyang Liu 2, Ying Cai 2, Si Chen 3, Jingjing Zeng 2 and Yu Qi 2 1 Hubei Research Center of Water Affair, Hubei University of Economics, Wuhan 430073, China; [email protected] 2 School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China; [email protected] (J.Y.); [email protected] (J.M.); [email protected] (C.L.); [email protected] (Y.C.); [email protected] (J.Z.); [email protected] (Y.Q.) 3 School of Resources and Environment, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] † These authors contributed equally to this work. Received: 13 October 2018; Accepted: 18 November 2018; Published: 22 November 2018 Abstract: Environmental assessment of eutrophication or heavy metals in urban lakes is an important reference for identifying the pollution degree and formulating pollution prevention strategies. At present, the most research on lake health states is often evaluated from a single angle for toxic metals pollution or eutrophication using the standard comparison method for both, the comprehensive trophic level index (TLI), and the health risk assessment for toxic metals. Moreover, the above deterministic methods probably lead to biased or unreliable assessment due to the randomness and fuzziness in environment system caused by natural change and human activities.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Report of Urban Flood Risk Management Capacity | Ndrcc| Undp China
    RESEARCH REPORT OF URBAN FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT CAPACITY | NDRCC| UNDP CHINA RESEARCH REPORT OF URBAN FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT CAPACITY THIS REPORT SUPPORT BY UNDP PROJECT 00083985 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AND COORDINATION SUPPORT IN CHINA THIS REPORT IS A COLLABORATION BETWEEN NATIONAL DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER OF CHINA AND UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME IN CHINA RESEARCH REPORT OF URBAN FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT CAPACITY | NDRCC| UNDP CHINA Foreword The Research Report on Urban Flood Risk Management Capability was completed with the massive support of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) in China and the National Disaster Reduction Center of China (NDRCC) affiliated to the Ministry of Civil Affairs. It is also the crystallization of joint efforts of all participating members. In recent years, the risk of urban flood disaster in China has become increasingly prominent, posing threats to not only the people's lives and property safety, but also the sustainable economic and social development. Against this backdrop, UNDP has established China Disaster Management and Coordination Support Project and commissioned the NDRCC to carry out the Research on Risk Management Capability of the Urban Flood Disaster. Based on field investigation, this Report analyzes the current situation, problems and deficiencies of urban flood disaster management in Wuhan and Ganzhou and puts forward some suggestions to strengthen the risk management of the urban flood disaster. The Report is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is the overview of flood disasters of China in 2016. The second and third chapters introduce the characteristics of flood disasters in Wuhan and Ganzhou by combining the city profiles and historical data of floods.
    [Show full text]
  • Maps -- by Region Or Country -- Eastern Hemisphere -- Europe
    G5702 EUROPE. REGIONS, NATURAL FEATURES, ETC. G5702 Alps see G6035+ .B3 Baltic Sea .B4 Baltic Shield .C3 Carpathian Mountains .C6 Coasts/Continental shelf .G4 Genoa, Gulf of .G7 Great Alföld .P9 Pyrenees .R5 Rhine River .S3 Scheldt River .T5 Tisza River 1971 G5722 WESTERN EUROPE. REGIONS, NATURAL G5722 FEATURES, ETC. .A7 Ardennes .A9 Autoroute E10 .F5 Flanders .G3 Gaul .M3 Meuse River 1972 G5741.S BRITISH ISLES. HISTORY G5741.S .S1 General .S2 To 1066 .S3 Medieval period, 1066-1485 .S33 Norman period, 1066-1154 .S35 Plantagenets, 1154-1399 .S37 15th century .S4 Modern period, 1485- .S45 16th century: Tudors, 1485-1603 .S5 17th century: Stuarts, 1603-1714 .S53 Commonwealth and protectorate, 1660-1688 .S54 18th century .S55 19th century .S6 20th century .S65 World War I .S7 World War II 1973 G5742 BRITISH ISLES. GREAT BRITAIN. REGIONS, G5742 NATURAL FEATURES, ETC. .C6 Continental shelf .I6 Irish Sea .N3 National Cycle Network 1974 G5752 ENGLAND. REGIONS, NATURAL FEATURES, ETC. G5752 .A3 Aire River .A42 Akeman Street .A43 Alde River .A7 Arun River .A75 Ashby Canal .A77 Ashdown Forest .A83 Avon, River [Gloucestershire-Avon] .A85 Avon, River [Leicestershire-Gloucestershire] .A87 Axholme, Isle of .A9 Aylesbury, Vale of .B3 Barnstaple Bay .B35 Basingstoke Canal .B36 Bassenthwaite Lake .B38 Baugh Fell .B385 Beachy Head .B386 Belvoir, Vale of .B387 Bere, Forest of .B39 Berkeley, Vale of .B4 Berkshire Downs .B42 Beult, River .B43 Bignor Hill .B44 Birmingham and Fazeley Canal .B45 Black Country .B48 Black Hill .B49 Blackdown Hills .B493 Blackmoor [Moor] .B495 Blackmoor Vale .B5 Bleaklow Hill .B54 Blenheim Park .B6 Bodmin Moor .B64 Border Forest Park .B66 Bourne Valley .B68 Bowland, Forest of .B7 Breckland .B715 Bredon Hill .B717 Brendon Hills .B72 Bridgewater Canal .B723 Bridgwater Bay .B724 Bridlington Bay .B725 Bristol Channel .B73 Broads, The .B76 Brown Clee Hill .B8 Burnham Beeches .B84 Burntwick Island .C34 Cam, River .C37 Cannock Chase .C38 Canvey Island [Island] 1975 G5752 ENGLAND.
    [Show full text]