First Report | Inhope | Association of Hotline Providers in First Report | Inhope | Association of Internet Hotline Providers in Europe

Contents

Preface by President 1

Background 2

Role of the Executive 6

Membership 12

Description of Activities 16

New Hotlines 20

External Relations 22

Hotline Profiles 23

Appendices 41

1. Mission Statement of INHOPE Association 2. Members of INHOPE 3. Accounts Summary 4. EU Safer Internet Action Plan – INHOPE 5. List of Events

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PREFACE

This is the first re p o rt of the INHOPE Although, I only took on the role of President O rganisation describing the role and from May 2001, it has been a challenge and activities of the Association in relation to the a pleasure to work on the executive since c o o rdination of international hotline November 1999. I am currently the only activities from its establishment in November executive member who has been there since 1999 through May 2002. the beginning with a ‘career’ starting as Member without Portfolio rising to Vice- INHOPE coordinates the work of hotlines in President and then to President last year. Europe and around the world. Hotlines are an essential element to a coord i n a t e d I am proud to introduce the first report of response to the illegal and harmful use of the INHOPE which outlines the wide range of Internet. Hotlines, Filtering & Rating and challenges INHOPE faced during the process Aw a reness are the three re s p o n s e s of evolution from the concept of a hotline supported by the EU Safer Internet Action network through to a fully functional Plan to the downside issues of the Internet. internationally respected organisation.

From the beginning, INHOPE has managed to bring together the widely diff e re n t stakeholders at national and international level and forged trust and respect among all those that INHOPE interacts with. The members of INHOPE have demonstrated high levels of professionalism and dedication that will continue to drive INHOPE to higher ” INHOPE has managed levels of success. to bring together the widely different Cormac Callanan President INHOPE stakeholders at national May 2002 and international level and forged trust and respect...”

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BACKROUND closely. It secured funding under the EC Founding of Inhope Daphne programme to establish a forum for By 1995 Internet users, the Internet industry, E u ropean hotlines to meet and discuss governments and law enforcement agencies common issues of concern. were aware that the Internet was being used by paedophiles for the publication and The INHOPE Forum was created and 8 exchange of . While there hotlines came together to form the INHOPE is a wide range of potential dangers on the Association. The hotlines agreed the statutes I n t e rnet, child pornography remains a of the association and it was form a l l y p a rticular concern. Other illegal activities established as a Dutch company on 23rd were also migrating to the Internet (e.g. November 1999. publication of extreme racist material). The first executive was elected on that date The members of INHOPE are directly aware and Ms. Ruth Dixon, Assistant Chief how the Internet has positively transformed Executive of the United Kingdom Internet everyone’s life and how it continues to do so. Watch Foundation, was elected as inaugural When used correctly the Internet is a President. The organisation meets regularly w o n d e rful tool, it’s benefits are both to share and exchange knowledge and best educational and informative. It is also an practices in the operation of Intern e t efficient and inexpensive method by which Hotlines. to communicate with friends and family worldwide. However, INHOPE is also alert What is a hotline? that there can be negative aspects, INHOPE’s position on this is clearly enshrined particularly when it comes to it’s use by in Section 5 of the Articles of Association. children. Hotlines must provide a mechanism for receiving complaints from the public about During 1995-1999, various national initiatives alleged illegal content and/or use of the brought together the relevant stakeholders I n t e rnet; they must have effective trans- to consider how to prevent illegal activity and p a rent pro c e d u res for dealing with especially the abuse of children on the complaints and they must have the support Internet. of government, industry, law enforcement, and Internet users in the countries of In Germany a number of separate initiatives operation. commenced that were first discussed at the time of high profile court cases and In addition to these requirements, to be a parliamentary debates in 1995/96. In June member of INHOPE, a hotline must co- 1996 the first Internet child pornography operate with other members in exchanging hotline was established in the Netherlands by information about illegal content, share their concerned individuals in the industry and expertise, make a commitment to maintain among users, with the support of the police. confidentiality and respect the procedures of This was quickly followed by initiatives in other members. , Belgium and the UK before the end of 1996. INHOPE is deeply conscious of the problems created by illegal content and the complexity Other countries began to take notice and of responding to such issues as they relate to plans for hotlines were being finalized in the Internet. The raison d’etre of a hotline is Austria, Ireland, , Spain and . to quickly and efficiently remove illegal The issue was extensively debated in other material from the Internet, to enable a swift European countries as well. In March 1998 investigation by Law Enforcement and to the USA launched its “Cybertipline” which collaborate at international level with other quickly became established as one of the members of INHOPE. busiest hotlines. Each hotline has a strong mandate from the In 1997 Childnet International proposed that appropriate National Government, Internet hotlines around the world should work more I n d u s t ry, Law Enforcement and Child First Report | Inhope | Association of Internet Hotline Providers in Europe 3

We l f a re. This broad support has been country that is a member of the INHOPE essential to the success achieved so far. There Organisation, then a report based on the have been many lessons learned during the original re p o rt will be submitted by the last two years that were extre m e l y national hotline to the remote hotline for demanding on INHOPE and the individual processing. The case is then closed with the hotlines. national hotline service.

Even though each country has its own Regulatory Environment individual legislation relating to illegal In the specific area of Child Pornography, material on the Internet, the primary focus of although there is widespread international the INHOPE association relates to illegal child agreement that such material is abhorrent in pornography and online abuse of children. m o d e rn society, there are sometimes However, some hotlines also deal with illegal substantial, and sometimes subtle, variations adult pornography and/or crimes of in the re g u l a t o ry environment. UNICEF xenophobia and racism. currently estimates that 80% of paedophile- related investigations involve more than one Hotline Activities country, and 90% involve the Internet. The An Internet Hotline provides a central point b road geographical coverage by INHOPE of contact for members of the public who hotlines is a very successful response to this become aware of potentially illegal material global problem. (usually either Child Pornography, Extreme Adult Pornography or Xenophobia) on the INHOPE respects the diff e rent legal and Internet. cultural values which diff e rent countries o b s e rve. Material, which might be Reports can be received by , phone, fax, considered illegal in Ireland, might not be website or letter. illegal in the United States. Material, which the United Kingdom considers illegal, might Once a report is received, it is logged into the not be illegal in The Netherlands. hotline database system and, if the report is not anonymous, an email receipt is sent to INHOPE also juggles with many different the user who submitted the report. cultural priorities. Illegal activities that are c o n s i d e red of major importance in one After the re p o rt has been logged, the country are not given the same level of material will be traced and assessed as to severity in another country. For example, whether it is potentially illegal under national National Socialist Offences on the Internet legislation. If it is potentially illegal the are of major importance in countries such as location of the material is determined as France, Germany and Austria yet Internet accurately as possible. Internet tracing is not Chat Rooms and Grooming are major always possible under current conditions. c o n c e rns in the United Kingdom and . If the reported material is hosted on a locally based server then the manager of that server While the definition of child pornography is is identified and the hotline issues a notice to p e rhaps the most closely re s e m b l e d Law Enforcement and/or to the Intern e t legislation across the globe, INHOPE strives Service Provider based on their complaint to ensure a consistent response in a world of handling procedures. The decision to initiate small but significant variations. National a criminal investigation is a matter for Law legislation normally makes it illegal for Enforcement. The Internet Service Provider is anyone to knowingly distribute, produce, responsible for the timely removal of the print, publish, import, export, sell or show specified potentially illegal content from their any child pornography. However, differences servers to ensure that other Internet users s t a rt to emerge immediately after this cannot access the material. Once this statement. The definition of a child varies notification is done, the hotline can close the case. across Europe and the world. In Europe the age of a “child” ranges from 14 to 18 years If the material is located on a server in a of age. In some countries knowingly 4 First Report | Inhope | Association of Internet Hotline Providers in Europe

possessing Child Pornography is also a . The Articles of Association are criminal offence. Sometimes the definition of available in full on the INHOPE website- Child Pornography includes computer www.INHOPE.org - and cover a wide range generated or altered images. Sometimes it of areas:- includes cartoon characters. Most definitions require the image (text, etc) to show a child Article 1: Name engaged in explicit sexual activity. This use of Article 2: Official Seat the words “explicit sexual activity” has Article 3: Objectives created some difficult problems in relation to 1. The objectives of the Association are to pictures of children being abused but with facilitate and promote the work of no sexual activity involved. European Hotlines in responding to illegal use and content on the Internet. Regardless of the range of specific legal and 2. The Association may negotiate and jurisdictional definitions, each individual secure rights in the name of its member of INHOPE operates a hotline within members but has no authority to a single legal jurisdiction that means that any undertake obligations or liabilities in interpretations of law are subject to objective their name, unless so instructed by an evaluation of rep o r ted material. The prob l e m s arise explicit authorisation from the when material is reported to one hotline that members concerned. is located in a separate jurisdiction from the 3. Generating profits for the purpose of reported material. If material is not illegal in distributing the same among the the country where the hotline receives the members shall not be permitted. re p o rt, the re p o rt is not processed any Article 4: Members further. If the material is likely to be illegal in Article 5: Qualification for Membership the country where the hotline receives the Article 6: Associates report, the report is forwarded to the hotline Article 7: Admission in the country where the material is located. Article 8: Termination of Membership The hotline in that country then determines Article 9: Annual Membership Fees if the material is likely to be illegal under the Article 10: General Assembly local law. If it is not illegal no furt h e r Article 11: INHOPE Executive Committee processing on the report is performed. Article 12: Secretariat Article 13: Annual Report - Accounting It is perhaps obvious to those with a legal Article 14: Meetings of the General b a c k g round but the clear definitions Assembly included in national legislation are extremely Article 15: Admittance and Voting difficult to apply in daily practice. All hotlines Rights started receiving a wide range of reports for Article 16: Chairmanship - Minutes processing immediately after launch. These Article 17: Decision-making of the reports ranged from the expected reports of General Assembly child pornography to encompass such issues Article 18: Notice of Meetings of the as adult porn o g r a p h y, unsolicited adult General Assembly , virus attacks, financial fraud and Article 19: Amendment to the Articles enquiries about filtering software solutions. of Association There have been many requests for advice Article 20: Reimbursement of Expenses about best practices in dealing with non- Article 21: Dissolution illegal, yet harmful material on the Internet Article 22: Rules and Regulations for the younger Internet surfers. The differences between what is illegal and what Articles 8 and 11 were later revised by the is harmful is at the fore f ront of every general assembly. assessment performed by the hotline. Rules and Regulations Articles of Association The Articles of Association provide high-level The INHOPE association was form a l l y guidance for the activities of the association established on 23rd November 1999 and the and the Rules and Regulations focus on the Articles of Association were registered in more practical aspects of operations and First Report | Inhope | Association of Internet Hotline Providers in Europe 5 management. They are available on the i n d u s t ry associations and there f o re these INHOPE website – www. i n h o p e . o rg. The hotlines have strong connections to industry Rules and Regulations cover the following and government. The more recent members areas:- of the INHOPE association come from the child welfare sector and these hotlines have 1. General proficiency and expertise in the promotion of 2. Membership safety on the Internet to children. 3. General Assembly 4. General Assembly Voting One of the impressive facts and strengths 5. Executive (INHOPE Executive about the INHOPE association is that it does Committee) Elections bring together a wide range of know-how 6. INHOPE Executive Committee and primary interests but with one basic goal 7. Secretariat – to eliminate illegal material or activity on 8. Financial the Internet.

Rule 8 was later updated by the general Founding Members assembly to change the membership fees for When the hotline network was established in association membership. November 1999 there were 7 full members, 1 provisional member and 2 associate Types of Hotlines members. The key strength of INHOPE since it was founded is the diversity of the membership Full Members: - hotlines. Austria – nic.AT France - AFA The oldest hotline of the INHOPE group is Germany – ECO Meldpunt1 in The Netherlands which was Germany – Jugendschutz.net started in August 1995 (incorporated May Germany – FSM 1997) and Internet Watch Foundation2 in the The Netherlands – Meldpunt United Kingdom that was established in United Kingdom – Internet Watch September 1996. In May 1996 Electronic Foundation Commerce Forum ICTF-Hotline3 in Germany Provisional Members was established, in summer of 1997 the Ireland – Internet Service Provider G e rman federal states launched Association of Ireland Jugendschutz.net4 and in 1997 FSM5 was Associates announced. AFA Point de Contact6 in France United States – Cybertipline and the Austrian Stopline7 was created in Australia – Australian Broadcasting November 1998. The last to be created in the Authority initial group was the Irish Hotline w w w. h o t l i n e . i e8 established in November 1999, on the same birth-date of the INHOPE association! In March 1998 the US Cybertipline9 was established and in January 2000 the Australian Broadcasting Authority complaints mechanism10 was established.

A quick review of these organisations easily 1 www.meldpunt.org highlights the variety of approaches in 2 www.iwf.org.uk different countries to the problems of the 3 www.eco.de Illegal and Harmful Use of the Internet. Some 4 www.jugendschutz.net countries have taken strong govern m e n t 5 www.fsm.de initiatives to establish regulatory mandated 6 www.pointdecontact.org o rganisations with strong and close 7 www.stopline.at connections to government and law 8 www.hotline.ie en f o r cement. Other countries have encouraged 9 www.cybertipline.org a self-regulatory approach by industry or 10 www.aba.gov.au 6 First Report | Inhope | Association of Internet Hotline Providers in Europe

ROLE OF THE EXECUTIVE Treasurer • Manage bank account The executive is responsible for the day-to- • Submit monthly statement to Executive day management of the association. The including executive includes the President, vice- Bank balance. President, Treasurer and up to two Executive Receipts/Payments members without portfolio. The executive Cash Flow members meet as often as they decide both Aged Debtors/Creditors in face-to-face meetings and using tele- • Submit annual budget proposals to the conference calls. Executive • Bank reconciliation Each meeting is chaired by the President, • Co-sign cheques who plans the agenda for each meeting and • Ensure correct and appropriate filing allocates responsibilities and tasks. The system for all financial documents executive agrees targets and objectives and • Verification/approval of expenses with develops the strategy for the association. At President. each members meeting the President reports • Identify/evaluate sponsorship proposals. on the activities of the executive and receives • Financial presentations at Executive / guidance from the members about the Members meetings. strategy and direction of the association. Executive Members without Portfolio The executive is responsible for managing • Verify cost statements the EU contract, developing the new hotline • Track payment schedule initiatives and representing the association • Identify potential obstructions, and its work at international events. recommend solutions to Executive. • To ensure that all meetings are properly Functions of Officers planned and agenda’s prepared • Supervise accommodation for meetings President • Supervise the Website including updates • Chair INHOPE members and Executive and planning meetings (allow Working Group leaders • Coordinate the work of EU funded to lead specific sessions relating to Hotlines Working Group activity) Common statistics • Supervise all INHOPE business Common report structures • Provide public representation Common approach to financial • To supervise new hotline visits submissions • EU Liaison Sharing CFP documents • Staff management Sharing 6-monthly reports • Press liaison • Common approach to EU) reviews • Coordinate Best Practice Papers • Sponsorship • To deal with website technical management. Identify sponsors. • Co-Sign Cheques Develop sponsorship plans Approach sponsors. Vice President Negotiate contract with President. • All membership issues Ensure compliance with • Evaluation of new members sponsorship contract. • Supervise new Hotline visits • Elections Committee • Stand in for President • Co-ordinate training seminars Elections • Co Ordinate the activities of Working The association holds an Annual General Groups Meeting annually, usually in May. Since the • Co-ordinate the activities of association was founded in November 1999, subcontractors e.g. Childnet the first Annual General Meeting was held in • EU liaison vis-à-vis INHOPE2 CFP-2 November 2000. However, because the First Report | Inhope | Association of Internet Hotline Providers in Europe 7 financial year-end was pre-determined as Treasurer - Sven Karge December 2000, it was not possible to Exec Member provide fully audited accounts at that Annual without portfolio - Linda Venselaar General Meeting and only final management (resigned Jan 2002) accounts were presented. At that time the Exec Member members accepted these accounts. However, without portfolio - Ruth Dixon it was also agreed by all members that the (resigned Jan 2002) statutes of the association would be changed Exec Member to move the Annual General Meeting from without portfolio –Kuno Sørensen November to May for future years allowing (appointed Jan 2002) the fully audited financial accounts of the previous association for the calendar year to Report from The President be completed in time for the Annual General I was elected as President at the INHOPE Meeting. AGM in Washington in May 2001 and it has been a busy year since then. The members of The second Annual General Meeting was the executive have worked hard during the therefore held in May 2001 and the third last year to develop INHOPE in several areas. meeting is scheduled for May 2002. The executive first agreed a sharing of responsibilities for the running of INHOPE At each Annual General Meeting each officer and communicated regularly via email and of the association resigns and can offer via frequent tele-conference calls. The share themselves for re-election. An exception was of responsibilities is outlined above. The made for the second Annual General administrator and treasurer provided timely Meeting when the terms of office were reports of the financial situation enabling extended to cover the period Nov 2000-May careful monitoring of the cash flow and 2001. funding requirements of the association.

At the inaugural meeting, the following were As President I coordinated the work of the elected: - executive and represented the association at many international events which are listed at From Nov 1999 to Nov 2000 the end of this report. I also participated in President - Ruth Dixon many new hotline visits encouraging the Vice-President - Herbert Vitzthum g rowth of the association and wider Treasurer - Alex DeJoode geographical coverage of the hotline Exec Member network. without portfolio - Cormac Callanan In January of 2002 both Linda Venselaar and After the first Annual General Meeting in Ruth Dixon resigned from the executive and I November 2000 the following were elected would like to thank them for their help and to the executive: - support over the years. Of course, I sincerely want to thank the other members of my From Nov 2000 to May 2001 executive, Sven and Marine, who have been President - Ruth Dixon working extremely hard in a voluntary Vice-President - Cormac Callanan capacity since the election one year ago. Treasurer - Alex DeJoode Their commitment and dedication, at all Exec Member times including weekends and holidays, without portfolio - Marine Janiaud makes me proud to work with them.

After the second Annual General Meeting The biggest “project” we undertook during in May 2001 the following were elected to this year was the application for funding the executive: - under the Safer Internet Action Plan for the second contract for INHOPE and the 8 From May 2001 individual hotlines. This resource intensive President - Cormac Callanan activity was led strongly by Marine Janiaud Vice-President - Marine Janiaud and Thomas Rickert from Germany who 8 First Report | Inhope | Association of Internet Hotline Providers in Europe

dedicated almost two months of their Cost Statement No.3 is outstanding and working days to the development of the new expected to be transferred before June 2002 proposal which has now been accepted by The final Cost Statement (No.4) will be the European Commission. The agreement is prepared and submitted directly after the a major improvement on the last contract end of the contract period. but is not completely what we would need since the funding period and amount is less Up to May 2002, INHOPE has received than INHOPE requires. In addition, the need approximately:- to have 8 hotlines tied together as one consortium is creating difficulties for the Membership Fees Û100.000 other members of INHOPE. We have been Advanced Payment Û90.000 assured by the European Commission that Cost Claim No.1 Û31.000 these issues will be reviewed for the next Cost Claim No.2 Û98.000 potential contract in 18 months time. TOTAL INCOME Û319.000

Report from the vice-President INHOPE has spent approximately: - As vice-President, I have worked closely with the President to manage the workload of Cost Claim No.1 Û31.000 INHOPE. Cost Claim No.2 Û98.000 Cost Claim No.3 Û105.000 The first version of the Common Statistics TOTAL EXPENDITURE Û234.000 paper was unanimously accepted during the Madrid meeting in January 2002 and is now For the last period (CC4) we estimate being phased into common use over these Expenses of about Û94.000. months. P re s e n t l y, the INHOPE executive is Together with the President and Thomas negotiating the second contract with the R i c k e rt we co-ordinated the response to E u ropean Commission for an additional E u ropean Commission “Hotline Call-for- period of 18 months with a pro p o s e d Proposals” on 31st January 2002 covering funding amount of almost Û325.000 per the second contract for the INHOPE network annum. One important aspect for the next and consortium. This proposal led to contract is that the overall Euro p e a n extensive negotiations with the EU on the Commission funding percentage will be s t ru c t u re of the new contract and the reduced to 75%, thus giving INHOPE the funding requirements. The final proposal was possibility to build up reserves and to look for p resented to the members for appro v a l additional sponsorship. during the meeting in Madrid in January 2002. Staffing The INHOPE Administrator Report from the Treasurer The INHOPE Administrator was selected after The main tasks of the Treasurer are to submit an open recruitment process and took up his monthly financial statements to the role on 1st January 2001. Executive, submit annual budget proposals to the Executive (including budget proposals The administrator maintains the financial for further EC Funding), give financial records of the association. p resentations at Executive / Members meetings and to prepare cost statements. The Administrator makes all necessary administrative arrangements for INHOPE The INHOPE budget agreed by the members and executive meeting. He commission amounted to Û300.000 for the arranges for all hotel bookings, ensuring that first contract period (Jun-2000 to May 2002). members are kept informed of progress. He From June 2000 until May 2002 three Cost prepares draft agendas for the meeting and Statements were submitted to the e n s u res that conference facilities are Commission and the commission has already a p p ropriate for each meeting. The first reimbursed two of these. The payment of m e m b e r’s meeting pre p a red by the First Report | Inhope | Association of Internet Hotline Providers in Europe 9

Administrator was in Mar 2001 in The responsibilities of this role included: - . The second was in Washington in Identification of target initiatives and key May 2001 and the third was held in contacts- Copenhagen in September 2001. He also • Identify possible initiatives not yet made preparations for the members meeting involved with INHOPE and EU in Madrid in January 2002. Countries. • Identify likely contacts in target There have been three visits to new hotlines, countries in June 2001, Brussels in August • Compile and maintain contact details 2001 and Finland in November 2001. The for new hotline initiatives. administrator made the arrangements for the conference and hotel rooms. He liased Correspondence with new iniatives. with the local co-ordinator to ensure that all • Establish and maintain regular contact necessary arrangements were in place. with new initiatives • Receive requests for guidance and The administrator ensured that the support for hotlines documentation for the second cost claim was forwarded to the and Visits to new hotlines. prepared the draft INHOPE cost claim for the • Draw up detailed project proposals third cost statement. He also liases with for each visit. other hotlines to ensure that all appropriate • Liaise with INHOPE administrator on forms and documentation is submitted to all travel and accommodation the timescales agreed by the Executive. He arrangements then forwards all claims to the European • Ensure adequate translation is Union to meet agreed timescales. available for all attendees • Prepare report after each visit The Administrator attended a meeting on including total cost statement behalf of the Executive on Intern a t i o n a l illegal use of the Internet in June 2001 held Documentation. in Edinburgh. • Create generic PowerPoint presentation about the role and work The administrator has been working closely of INHOPE with the President and Treasurer to ensure • Compile and maintain file of key that INHOPE finances are pro p e r l y documents (including PowerPoint documented and that cash flow presentation) spreadsheets are available for the treasurer • Ensure that all existing INHOPE to plan INHOPE finances. Spreadsheets have members are informed about the new also been prepared in relation to all meeting participants costs and outstanding invoices. Management of correspondence and The Administrator is also required to ensure documentation. that the INHOPE Association’s office in the UK is properly equipped and resourced to Management of expenses. s u p p o rt the INHOPE Association. He is required to research issues in relation to the Meetings. running of the organization. The • Attend Executive and INHOPE Administrator also has two- meetings in part or total as required. co n f e r ences a week with the President to • Meet virtually or physically with discuss prog r ess and any other necessary issues. INHOPE President or other designate line manager on a monthly basis The role of the INHOPE New Hotline (minimum). Coordinator The INHOPE New Hotline Coordinator was appointed on 1st June 2000 and the contract was completed on 31st December 2001. 10 First Report | Inhope | Association of Internet Hotline Providers in Europe

Painting “Eddi, Magga and Una in Nauthólsvik”, painted in 1999 by Hildur Margrétardóttir (www.hildur.com). Displayed in Barnaheill, Iceland.

INHOPE Executive Nov 2000 - May 2001 visiting Capitol building in Washinton May 2001

Cormac Callanan, Ruth Dixon Madrid Feb 2001 First Report | Inhope | Association of Internet Hotline Providers in Europe 11

FINANCIAL REPORT COMPANY IDENTIFICATION Internet Hotline Providers in Europe

BALANCE SHEET

ASSETS 2001 2000

1. Subscribed capital unpaid 2. Fixed assets 10,042.00 5,779.00 2.1. Intangible fixed assets 2.2. Tangible fixed assets 10,042.00 5,779.00 2.3. Financial assets 3. Current assets 127,205.00 88,500.00 3.1. Stocks 3.2.1. Debtors due within one year 6,000.00 3.2.2. Debtors due after one year 3.3. Cash at bank and in hand 29,086.00 80,452.00 3.4. Other current assets 98,119.00 2,048.00 Total assets 137,247.00 94,279.00

LIABILITIES 2001 2000 4. Capital and reserves 47,065.00 50,200.00 4.1. Subscribed capital 4.2. Reserves 4.3. Profit and loss brought forward 50,200.00 -2,939.00 4.4. Profit and loss brought forward for the financial year -3,135.00 53,139.00 5. Creditors 90,182.00 44,079.00 5.1.1 Long term non-bank debt 5.1.2. Long term bank debt 5.2.1. Short term non-bank debt 90,182.00 44,079.00 5.2.2. Short term bank debt Total liabilities 137,247.00 94,279.00

PROFIT AND LOSS 2001 2000 6. Turnover 7. Variation in stocks 8. Other operating income 185,091.00 134,000.00 9. Costs of material & consumables 10. Other operating charges 115,669.00 62,236.00 11. Staff costs 68,556.00 17,817.00 12. Gross operating profit 866.00 53,947.00 13. Depreciation and value adjustments on non-financial assets 4,001.00 808.00 14. Net operating profit -3,135.00 53,139.00 15. Financial income and value adjustments on financial assets 16. Interest paid 17. Similar charges 18. Profit/loss on ordinary activities -3,135.00 53,139.00 19. Extraordinary income and charges 20. Taxes on profits 21. Profit/loss for the financial year -3,135.00 53,139.00 12 First Report | Inhope | Association of Internet Hotline Providers in Europe

MEMBERSHIP Review of Members In May 2002 INHOPE has 9 full members, 4 Types of Membership provisional members and 2 associates. There INHOPE currently has three types of a re 2 public members and 12 private membership category. These are Provisional members. membership, Full Membership and Associate Membership. Benefits of Membership T h e re are many significant reasons to INHOPE comprises of P r i v a t e m e m b e r s become a member of INHOPE. ( o rganisations that are independent of g o v e rnment) and P u b l i c m e m b e r s Exchange of Reports (organisations that are part of or funded by The most important and essential purpose of government). INHOPE is to exchange reports and expertise. This means that reports which are received Only hotlines that are from countries which by one hotline, about material hosted in a are part of the can c o u n t ry covered by another hotline, is become full members of the association. Full immediately notified to that country hotline members can attend all meetings and have for quick and efficient processing. the right to vote. Full membership is given after one year of provisional membership at Exchange of Expertise a plenary session of a members meeting The second most important reason to where a public vote of admittance takes participate in INHOPE is to learn from, and place. Organisations which can apply for full p rovide training to, the wide range of membership are not permitted to become INHOPE dedicated experts. INHOPE provides associate members. training at every meeting on issues ranging from technical and psychological to legal and INHOPE expects Provisional Membership for managerial. There is a wide range of experts one year before applying to become a full in INHOPE and it is possible to develop one- Private or Public member. Pro v i s i o n a l to-one contacts on specific issues which arise Membership is agreed, after plenary vote at in the daily operations of a hotline a Full Members meeting and after organisation. It is good to know that there recommendation by the INHOPE executive. a re others who experienced the same The prospective member must complete the p roblems and learn about the solutions New Membership Application form which which were successful, or indeed, might gives details about their organisation and it’s have failed. areas of activities. It also commits the new o rganisation to abide by the rules and Bursary Programme regulations and statutes of the INHOPE For new hotlines or hotlines who have hired association. The application form also new staff, INHOPE operates a Bursary requests details of the range of relationships Programme which allows staff from one which the new organisation has established hotline to visit a more experienced hotline with their national government, national and work with their staff and management Internet industry, national law enforcement for a short period of time. The program was and national child welfare sectors. inaugurated in 2001 and has been a huge success. It brings content evaluation staff in Associate membership of the Association direct contact with such staff from other may be given to corporate bodies or private hotlines and enables a richer learn i n g individuals if, at the sole discretion of the experience in a different legal and cultural General Assembly, the Association has a environment. strong interest in their admission. Associates may be bodies providing a similar service to Mentor Programme members but outside of the EU; and/or, Where the Bursary Programme finishes, the organisations whose work is of relevance to Mentor Programme takes over. The Mentor the Association, and/or experts in issues Programme was created to provide one-to- which are of concern to members. one assistance from a more experienced First Report | Inhope | Association of Internet Hotline Providers in Europe 13

INHOPE member to a new hotline initiative. The manual includes material on the An experienced INHOPE member agrees to following subjects:- provides direct support on a on-call basis to new hotline initiative. This support can cover • Introduction to INHOPE any issues which arise for the new initiative • How INHOPE works and helps quick-start the new initiative to • Who is involved become a more integrated member of the • Current Activities INHOPE network. • Best practice guidance • Funding of Hotlines & INHOPE Members Meetings • The INHOPE Web site INHOPE holds meetings of the members at • Other background information least three times per year. The purpose of the meeting is to review the work of the Training Seminars association and the work of the individual There was an INHOPE Association Training hotlines and to share knowledge and meeting held in Salzburg in September experience among the hotlines. The 2000. The subjects were:- meetings are usually hosted by one of the member hotlines which will also provide • Activities of the INHOPE Sub- m o re detailed information about the Contractor - Childnet operation of the hotline in their country. The • Integrating New Hotlines – the role meetings usually last for two days and the of the New Hotlines Co-ordinator agenda is very full. Some of the time is • Introduction to Canadian allocated to the work of the association with Government Survey a regular report from the executive to the • www.hotline – Irish Hotline members and the rest of the meeting is Overview of Operations made up of presentations and discussions. • Legal Issues – The University of Since November 1999 there have been 9 full Leuven study meetings of the members of the association - Issues Identified:- in Amsterdam, London, Dublin, Salzburg, Evaluation of images Paris, Stockholm, Washington, Copenhagen Liability and Madrid. Transparency of the Organisation • Evaluating Hotlines – post-ART a Salzburg training seminar Hotline-Round-Table • CyberTipline Updated Procedures At each member’s meeting a round table •Tracing Workshop exchange of major updates is undertaken. Each member gives a short briefing of major There were attendees from INHOPE (UK), developments in their country in relation to Save the Children (Norway), www.hotline.ie the hotline activities. This briefing can ( I reland), Internet Watch Foundation include such issues as major pro b l e m s (UK)/INHOPE, AFA (France), Meldpunt incurred by the hotline, trends identified by (Netherlands), University of Leuven the hotline, technological, legal, regulatory (Belgium), Red Barnet (), or law enforcement developments observed International Paedophilia Consultant (UK), by the hotline. ECO (Germany), NCMEC (US), KPMG (Canada), Jugendschutz (Germany), EU – DG New Hotline Manual XIII and Nic.at (Austria). The first version of the INHOPE manual was distributed to the members during the There has been one INHOPE Association Copenhagen member’s meeting in Training meeting that was held in September 2001. Each member hotline was Washington in May 2001. The subjects given a copy of the manual which includes were:- many background documents regarded by INHOPE of primary relevance to hotline • Age progression and identification operations. This document is updated by the systems. INHOPE administrator. • Legal issues in the Unites States which impact on Europe 14 First Report | Inhope | Association of Internet Hotline Providers in Europe

• Napster and point to point practice. To further this aim, INHOPE has communications identified several key documents which will • Staff Stress identification issues describe best practice guidelines in the • Secure communications. operation of an INHOPE member hotline. The • Understanding how child guidelines are agreed by the members and pornographers operate a re collated from the experience and • Hiding illegal content on the Internet. expertise of all the hotlines. INHOPE is in the process of preparing best practice papers on Washington training seminar the following issues:- Sex Offender/ Paedophile profiling P resentation and discussion on the • Staff Welfare A m e r i c a n / E u ropean experience on sex • Exchange of information which o ffenders and how they operate in an incorporates training needs and the illegal/legal environment. This session INHOPE Association evaluation improved understanding of how paedophiles process, operate on the Internet. • Raising awareness and improving hotline visibility. Innocent images profiling • Statistics Presentation and discussion on the recent innocent images imitative. This imitative It is also proposed that the following best found a lot of success in the United States practice papers will be developed in the and their methods and results proved very future:- interesting to INHOPE members. • Securing the exchange of reports Hiding illegal content on the Internet. • Legal issues relating to the functions of This subject was considered very important a hotline by INHOPE members. This subject will be • Code of Conduct included in future INHOPE training sessions. Working Groups Napster and Peer-to-Peer communications. Starting in Madrid in January 2002, the A discussion on Napster and Peer to Peer members agreed to form semi-permanent communications was led by the Federal working groups as a method to enhance the B u reau of Investigation. Members had functioning of the association outside regular recently noticed a growth in this area of meetings. The purpose of a working group is communications although the technology to perform research into specific areas of was new to most members. interest to the broader membership and to develop comprehensive and detailed Staff Stress Issues recommendations for vote by the wider A psychologist gave members a presentation membership. A working group can cover any on staff stress issues and ways in which steps topic which the members feel relevant. The can be taken to reduce this stress. The chairperson and rapporteur of a working presentation provoked much discussion and group are selected by the members of each provided members clear guidance. It was working group and the members are agreed that stress was a very important volunteers from the whole membership of subject and that it should be discussed at INHOPE. future INHOPE meetings. As example, there is one working group Best Practice Papers dealing with content which will develop One of the key objectives of INHOPE is to policy proposals in relation to different types develop best practice among its members. of online illegal content or activity such as Although most individual members have chat rooms, peer-to-peer, etc. Some working achieved high levels of quality and groups have a short-term goal and once commitment in their daily national completed the working group will wind up. operations, INHOPE would like to ensure that Some working groups have a longer-term all members achieve common levels of best key objective and will continue to work over First Report | Inhope | Association of Internet Hotline Providers in Europe 15 a longer period of time. Most of the working groups have medium-term key milestones to achieve and re p o rt regularly to the membership at every membership meeting.

Website The INHOPE logo and corporate identity was developed early and the website design and development was started in early 2000. The website should support multiple languages, provide secure password access to a closed members area and provide a short public profile of the work of INHOPE, the scope of the problem of illegal activity on the Internet and jump points to the member hotlines. A R e q u e s t - f o r- P roposals was designed and distributed widely and successful organisation (Catalysto, Dublin) designed the website which was publicly launched in June 2001.

It was very difficult to collate the range of information from each of INHOPE members about the various legal systems in each country and to develop a website which would provide relevant but concise information. Feedback on the website has been excellent.

Work has continued using the support of the members to translate the website into multiple languages. Firstly, the menu system was translated into 8 languages (English, F rench, German, Spanish, Norw e g i a n , Danish, Dutch and Swedish). Icelandic and Slovene are in the process of being added. S e c o n d l y, the website content has been translated into French and German. Training seminar in Washington, May 2001 16 First Report | Inhope | Association of Internet Hotline Providers in Europe

DESCRIPTION OF ACTIVITIES The staffing lifecycle - Selection, Welfare, Safety and Churn Start-up Issues The work of the hotline staff can be difficult Ruth Dixon was elected as inaugural and stressful. Reviewing material can be President of INHOPE in November 1999. upsetting and disturbing to many staff During this period of time there were members. It is because of these concerns extensive negotiations with the European which have been frequently expressed by Commission for funding to be provided to many hotlines that staff welfare issues are INHOPE under the Safer Internet Action Plan, important for hotlines. Network of Hotlines programme. The negotiations continued from November The concerns range from the nature of the 1999 through to May 2000 and a contract material processed by the hotlines and the was signed and started on 1st Jun 2000 with problems it may produce both at a personal a contract period of 24 months finishing on and business level. This material varies from 31st May 2002. the potentially illegal to the unpleasant and disturbing. The nature of the work involves The objectives of that contract are fully constant computer use and looking at a described in Appendix 4. monitor. The work activity can be isolating since it is not easy or recommended to talk The contract negotiations were re s o u rc e about it in the pub or at home. intensive and difficult for the embry o n i c association, which had been established in There have been several presentations at November, and much of the work of the INHOPE events on the areas of staff welfare association was performed by the newly and safety. These sessions have provided an f o rmed executive, and especially the excellent basis to start the development of a President, on a voluntary basis. There was no best practice paper on this issue covering the budget for permanent staff in the beginning. areas of:-

As with any organisation, the start-up phase • Recruitment Procedures focused extensively on management issues • Contractual arrangements and on establishing appropriate legal, •Working Conditions and Procedures financial and managerial processes in the •Training association. The contract negotiated with the • Support and Counselling European Commission included 8 hotlines •Working with volunteers from 5 countries in addition to the central network funding requirements. Although the Hotline Comparison association received funding fro m INHOPE is currently composed of hotlines membership fees, funding was a major from 12 European Countries, and The United c o n c e rn from the start until additional States of America and Australia. The hotlines funding was confirmed from the Safer deal with many types of illegal content. They I n t e rnet Acton Plan. Later, cash flow operate under the laws of their own country management was key to safeguard i n g and have developed their own procedures INHOPE’s continued operation and success. within national cultures. INHOPE is developing best practices papers which will Once the contract was confirmed, the standardize much of the work of hotlines executive hired a New Hotline Coordinator and will ensure greater transparency in and were able to avail of pro f e s s i o n a l procedures and practice. s u p p o rt through several subcontract arrangements. The workload was a major Hotlines communicate with each other on a burden for the voluntary executive whilst daily basis so it is vital for them to have an significant obstacles were surmounted. At understanding of the remit, procedures and this stage most systems and procedures are constraints of other hotlines. Hotline now in place and the executive now focus representatives at INHOPE meetings have their attention on the major medium-term often stated the importance of having such and long-term strategic issues. information readily available. First Report | Inhope | Association of Internet Hotline Providers in Europe 17

To assist hotlines to have a gre a t e r EU Reporting/EU Contract Negotiation understanding in this area the INHOPE A contract was signed with the EU for the Executive decided to develop a comparison period 1st June 2000 until 31st May 2002. document which would be simple in design Although, this contract only covers 8 hotlines and would allow hotlines to see, at a glance, and the central INHOPE operations (INHOPE the key procedures of other hotlines. The consortium), most of the new hotlines based Administrator produced the document after in Europe have also received part funding consultation with and assistance from all under the Safer Internet Action Plan, INHOPE members. Network of Hotlines Programme. A second contract for INHOPE and the 8 hotlines is The first version of the document was currently under negotiation for the period presented to the members in Madrid in starting from June 2002. Separate contracts January 2002 where it received widespread are being negotiated by some of the other support. The document is available on the hotlines. This diff e rence in contractual INHOPE website and will be included in the approach has caused confusion between the INHOPE manual. It will also be available to responsibilities of the executive in new hotlines and will be of considerable representing INHOPE and the responsibilities assistance to them when developing their of the executive in managing the INHOPE own procedures and practice. consortium contract.

Exchange of Reports The contract highlights are listed in the A major benefit of the hotline network is the appendix but the funding of the European exchange of reports concerning allegedly Community has been essential to the illegal content on the Internet in order to e ffective establishment of the INHOPE permit fighting such material in the country Network of Hotlines. of origin. Experts are of the opinion that this approach facilitates the fight against illegal The contract has re q u i red a significant material in a timelier manner better than commitment of resources and energies from i n t e rnational cooperation of public both the European Commission staff and the authorities. For the sake of transparency the executive and members of INHOPE. Regular manner of the exchange of reports practiced 6-monthly reports and costs statements have by members of the INHOPE Association is been delivered to the European Commission described in a corresponding best practice by INHOPE. guideline. The guideline provides definitions and depicts a set of rules concerning the exchange of reports in cases where - Content is allegedly illegal under the law applicable for the domestic hotline (i.e. the local hotline which is receiving the report from an Internet user) and in case - Content is legal under the law applicable for the domestic hotline.

F u rt h e r, various duties of inform a t i o n towards users and amongst hotlines shall provide for an efficient report management and facilitate user friendliness. The paper also details format requirements relating to complaints on diff e rent Internet Serv i c e s (, , etc.), ensure s abidance by data protection rules and specifies the framework for future technical measures.

Presentation at Copenhagen members meeting, September 2001 18 First Report | Inhope | Association of Internet Hotline Providers in Europe

Investigating Content INHOPE has been asked many times to Most hotlines operate in a vague legal produce reliable statistics which might lend vacuum. Clearly the work of the hotlines is some understanding and knowledge about s t rongly supported from Govern m e n t s , the scale of the problem of illegal content Industry, Child Welfare, Law Enforcement and activity on the Internet. Until recently, and Internet users. Although, the benefits of many of the current statistics produced by hotlines are appreciated by all these the individual hotlines could not be stakeholders, there remains extensive legal aggregated in a simple manner, as hotlines uncertainty about hotline operations. Many did not use the same “statistics language”. countries do not have specific protection in Several of the hotlines are now in the process their national legislation to permit the of harmonizing their statistics taxonomy to functions undertaken by hotlines. There is no make them compatible with the final special mandate from such regulation or INHOPE best practice document on statistics. legislation to protect the hotline from any legal responsibility in accepting reports about Firstly, an agreement was reached on a child pornography or child abuse on the common taxonomy of all hotlines statistics to Internet. p resent consistent INHOPE statistics. The intention was not to create a new range of However, INHOPE recognises these concerns statistics for hotlines to collate and produce, and difficulties and insists that each member but to aggregate, in a transparent manner of the network must have transpare n t already existing hotlines taxonomy. Secondly, procedures and clear demonstrable support once the common definitions and taxonomy from the major stakeholders listed above. were agreed, the range of information to be INHOPE is not a law enforc e m e n t collected was discussed. The following table organisation. Its purpose is not to replace was then agreed. law enforcement but to enable faster, more effective investigation to be carried out by those organisations.

For a hotline, content on the Internet such as graphic files, photographs, documents, movies, sounds are only evaluated to determine if they are likely to be illegal in the national jurisdiction. Information about this material can then be passed onto the relevant law enforcement organisation to enable an investigation to be conducted. The hotline attempts to determine which location the material is hosted and registered and using this information determines which international hotline to forward the report to. Hotlines are recommended by INHOPE not to store any potentially illegal material and can only do so for extremely limited time and with the explicit consent of law enforcement.

Common Statistics INHOPE has held several sessions at meetings with members with the objective of developing a common format for hotlines to re p o rt statistics both to their own stakeholders and internationally so that any statistics published would be easily understood. First Report | Inhope | Association of Internet Hotline Providers in Europe 19

INHOPE CO–ORDINATING STATISTICS It has been decided to focus both on statistics by number of submissions and statistics by number of items for which actions have been taken. Those “outcome oriented” statistics better reflect the workload of the hotline.

There may be overlaps between categories “submissions”, “reports”, “items” : a submission for example could refer to only one item. We only count reports or items named in the submission.

INHOPE STATISTICS FORM Submission1 Reports2 Items3 Type of material

Child pornography Racial hatred Sex tourism Child trafficking Adult pornography Contents against human dignity, extreme violence Unsolicited E-mails sent to hotline Others (hotline attacks, etc….) Request for information Out of competence TOTAL

Type of Internet location WWW Usenet Chat rooms Napster or assimilated Unsolicited e-mails

Apparent origin In your country Abroad • EU • Others • Non identified

Type of action taken4 Transmission to ISP Transmission to Police 1 a submission refers to each single contact with the Transmission to INHOPE members hotline Providing Information 2 a report refers to a given Internet location, for • On legal actions because no further action example a Newsgroup, a website, a chat room. 3 “items” counts all the separate items to which a can be undertake by the hotline or member ISP report refers, i.e. “items” refers to different materials • Answering questions include in a report : different images, different posts related to a Newsgroup. 4 This section will depend on the structure of the hotline and whether among others the hotline pass on the information to the Police. 20 First Report | Inhope | Association of Internet Hotline Providers in Europe

NEW HOTLINES F i n a l l y, once the hotline is established, applies for and is accepted for membership, Strategy INHOPE provides the high-quality wide range The problem of illegal content and activity on of support services available to all members. the Internet is a global one. No one country This includes expert advice on re p o rt can expect to successfully fight against such p rocessing, mentor programme, bursary issues alone. International collaboration and programme, best practice papers and one- cooperation is an intrinsic element to the on-one networking. response of hotlines to this issue. INHOPE experience indicates that a large proportion New Members of the illegal child pornography is hosted in Since November 1999 there have been six countries which have more relaxed and open additions to the INHOPE network and several re g u l a t o ry environments or where self- other countries have attended INHOPE regulation has yet to gain the confidence of members meetings. the major stakeholders. Belgium INHOPE supports and encourages the Child Focus from Belgium was approved for development of hotline initiatives in provisional membership of INHOPE on 13th countries where no such initiative currently September 2001. exists. This supports the key objective of INHOPE member hotlines to dire c t l y Denmark exchange reports with hotlines where illegal Red Barnet in Denmark was approved for material is hosted. provisional membership of INHOPE on 1st M a rch 2001 and has applied for full INHOPE can do this in many ways. membership of INHOPE starting on 16th May 2002. Firstly, INHOPE can encourage the major national stakeholders to come together to Iceland discuss the role and responsibilities of a Barnaheill from Iceland was approved for possible hotline and the support and provisional membership of INHOPE on 13th oversight requirements such a hotline would September 2001. re q u i re from each of the stakeholders. INHOPE can act as honest broker or Spain i n t e rm e d i a ry to bring these stakeholders ACPI from Spain was approved for together at a national level and can fund provisional membership of INHOPE on 1st basic meeting facilities. INHOPE can also M a rch 2001 and has applied for full offer advice and presentations at that event membership of INHOPE starting on 16th May to describe the INHOPE network and the 2002. d i ff e rent models which are adopted by INHOPE member hotlines. Rädda Barnen from Sweden was approved Secondly, INHOPE can nurture a fledging for provisional membership of INHOPE on hotline initiative by providing part- or full- 23rd November 2000, immediately after funding of attendance by proposed hotline INHOPE was established and was approved management to an INHOPE members for full membership of INHOPE starting on meeting. This can enable all parties to meet 31st January 2002. with and discuss the special requirements of a hotline with the INHOPE executive and with Candidate Hotlines all INHOPE members. INHOPE has been monitoring the stage of evolution of several “candidate” hotlines – Thirdly, INHOPE can offer support and advice hotlines initiatives which are at a very early in the development of funding proposals to stage of development. INHOPE has provided the European Community if the hotline is remote support and advice to many of these based within the European Economic Area. initiatives and has visited many of the Spanish Hotline visit, Feb 2001 stakeholders in these countries to encourage the establishment of a stable, supported and First Report | Inhope | Association of Internet Hotline Providers in Europe 21 funded hotline organisation. In the unsuccessful but with the advice and support experience gained by INHOPE since of other INHOPE member hotlines and November 1999, the identification, INHOPE a second initiative has now applied encouragement and support of a new for funding under the Safer Internet Action hotline initiative can span a period of over 18 Plan to create an Italian hotline. INHOPE is months before such a hotline becomes firmly optimistic that the hotline will shortly apply established. for provisional membership of INHOPE.

Canada Luxembourg The Canadian Government has been INHOPE would like to see the creation of a conducting research over an extended period hotline in Luxembourg and in cooperation of time into the role and operations of a with its industry and European Commission potential hotline initiative in Canada. INHOPE contacts is developing a wider awareness of has been pleased to welcome several the major stakeholders in Luxembourg and Canadian representatives to attend INHOPE the level of support and commitment for a meetings starting with the Salzburg hotline initiative. This is the start of a process members meeting in September 2000 and which will take significant time to complete. more recently at the members meeting in Madrid 2002. Individual hotlines have Norway p rovided extensive expertise to the Norway was an associate member of INHOPE consultative process conducted by the f rom the November 1999. However, in Canadian Government nominees and September 2001 the hotline was closed INHOPE is optimistic of a hotline being down due to lack of resources. INHOPE was established in Canada in the near future. very disappointed to lose one of its key founding members and is eager to Finland encourage the establishment of a new Visit to Iceland in July 2001 INHOPE has visited Finland on two separate initiative in Norway. The INHOPE executive occasions in April 2001 and October 2001 have started to contact the major and met with the major stakeholders in stakeholders in Norway to offer assistance Finland. As a result of this activity there has and support for a new hotline initiative. now been a proposal from Pelastakaa Lapset, Rädda Barnen, Save the Children, Finland to Portugal the European Commission for funding under INHOPE would like to see the creation of a the Safer Internet Action Plan. INHOPE is hotline in Portugal and has started to optimistic that the hotline will shortly apply develop a wider awareness of the major for provisional membership of INHOPE. stakeholders in Portugal and the level of s u p p o rt and commitment for a hotline Hong Kong initiative. This is the start of a process which INHOPE was pleased to have a representative will take significant time to complete. of the Hong Kong Government participating at our members meeting held in Washington Conclusion in May 2001. INHOPE is eager to see the There are many embryonic initiatives in the development of hotline initiatives in the Asia- early stages of development around the Pacific region to augment the excellent work world. Several countries in the African and performed by the Australian Broadcasting Central European region have approached Authority in Australia. INHOPE to provide information and expertise about hotlines and the INHOPE network. Italy INHOPE is clearly mandated to encourage INHOPE has spoken with several org a n - such initiatives but is resource constrained in isations in Italy about the establishment of a the amount of tangible support which can be national hotline initiative since January 2000. provided on a regular basis. However, within Since Italy is one of the larger countries in the reasonable limits, INHOPE members and the European Economic Area it is important that executive will continue to encourage any INHOPE has hotline coverage there. An initial such initiatives. attempt at establishing a hotline was 22 First Report | Inhope | Association of Internet Hotline Providers in Europe

EXTERNAL RELATIONS was holding 48 gigabytes and another over half a million illegal images. After the issues of hotline coordination and new hotline development INHOPE has In calling the experts meeting at its focussed its energies on raising the headquarters in Paris UNESCO sought to awareness of INHOPE internationally. This provide the venue for an overall assessment work has resulted in many requests for of what had been achieved by UN specialized INHOPE to participate and present at agencies, governmental and non- i n t e rnational events around the globe. g o v e rnmental organisations, foundations, INHOPE has presented seminars in Australia, police and judiciary forces, psychologists and Tokyo, Hong Kong and throughout Europe, the media. See Appendix 5 for a complete list of all events attended by INHOPE. It was against this background that the concepts and ideas for the INHOPE forum INHOPE is normally re p resented at such was developed by Childnet International. events by the President but on many occasions other members of the INHOPE Council of Europe executive have also participated. The Council of Europe spent several years developing the Cybercrime Convention Public Relations which covers a wide range of international INHOPE has few resources to service the online criminal activity. Among the issues wide range of queries which the organisation covered by the convention, adopted now by receives in relation to the operation of over 35 nations worldwide, is that of Child hotlines, new hotline initiatives and child Pornography on the Internet. paedophile activity on the Internet. Instead INHOPE has tried to achieve maximum INHOPE was proud to be able to participate impact by using broadcast media where in the pre p a r a t o ry conference for the possible. INHOPE relies on its participation at Yokohama conference on Commercial Sexual i n t e rnational events to increase the Exploitation of Children (CSEC) held in a w a reness of INHOPE and the member Budapest. The INHOPE president was also hotlines. INHOPE has given media interviews able to attend the signing ceremony for the whenever possible and has often Convention in Budapest in November 2001. p a rticipated in national media debates The Council of Europe Committee of Experts during country visits. In addition, INHOPE on the Criminalisation of Acts of a Racist or relies on the third programme of the Safer Xenophobic Nature Committed Thro u g h I n t e rnet Action plan – Aw a re n e s s Computer Networks is currently drafting a P rogrammes – to promote the work of protocol to the Convention dealing with hotlines and the strengths of the hotline issues relating to racism. This protocol will network. also affect the work of hotlines handling reports about such material. International Organisations UNESCO INHOPE has also participated in the European UNESCO held a very successful international Forum on Harmful and Illegal Cyber Content experts meeting in Paris on January 1999 on held in Strasbourg in November 2001. the Sexual Abuse of Children, Child P o rnography and Paedophilia on the EuroPol Internet. It was a significant milestone in the Europol has invited INHOPE to participate at public debate on Child Pornography on the annual expert meeting seminars held at Internet and Child Sexual Exploitation in Europol headquarters in Den Haag. INHOPE general. The meeting was prompted by also participated in the Training Seminar held Operation Cathedral which was a police in Zutphen in November 2000. These events operation led by Interpol launched on the are an opportunity for INHOPE to explain the night of 2nd September 1998. This operation work of hotlines to an international audience demonstrated how widely spread paedophile of law enforcement and to exchange views networks were and gave an estimation of on the issues of illegal activity and material their traffic in illegal images. – one source on the Internet. HOTLINE PROFILES First Report | Inhope | Association of Internet Hotline Providers in Europe 25

HOTLINE PROFILES association organizes three meetings each year for the members to attend and one • INHOPE training seminar. The Annual General • Australia Meeting and elections are held during one of • Austria - Stopline the meetings – usually in May. • Denmark - Red Barnet • France - AFA The Executive Committee consult with the • Germany - ECO members at the regular members meetings - FSM and there is a regular exchange of - Jugendschutz information on the Members and Executive • Iceland - Barnaheill Committee mailing lists. The Executive • Ireland - www.hotline.ie Committee is responsible for implementing • Spain - Protegles policy and for the day-to-day operations of • Netherlands - Meldpunt the organizations. The President has overall • Sweden -FACE-IT responsibility for the organization and • United Kingdom - In t e r net Wat c h represents the organization at international Fo u n d a t i o n events. All the staff of the association report • United States d i rectly to the President. The Executive Committee is also responsible for encouraging the development of new hotlines within the EEA and elsewhere and INHOPE for encouraging all hotlines to operate a c c o rding to INHOPE best practice – as INHOPE was founded in November 1999 and decided by the members. is an organization re g i s t e red in The Netherlands. It coordinates the activities of The problems of illegal and/or harm f u l the network of hotlines across Europe with content and/or illegal activity on the Internet associate members in United States and are global and international. A single hotline Australia. INHOPE itself does not operate a operating at a national level cannot be as hotline service. effective as a group of national hotlines operating to a common purpose, highly The Association is made up of an elected focused and highly coordinated. The INHOPE Executive Committee of up to 5 members Network of Hotlines provides a mechanism who are elected for one year. The positions for national hotlines, whose expertise relates are President, Vice-president, Treasurer, and to the national re g u l a t o ry and cultural two without portfolio. Each position can only e n v i ronments, to work together at an be held for two consecutive terms. The i n t e rnational level in the exchange of Association administrator is based in the UK e x p e rtise and re p o rts to combat the and provides a wide range of administrative downside issues of the Internet. The regular support to the Executive Committee and meetings and sharing of knowledge ensures members. In addition, the Association uses a common approach, coordinated responses the services of several other organizations and highly efficient processing of reports to who provide specialist services. The the hotlines. 26 First Report | Inhope | Association of Internet Hotline Providers in Europe

Australia – Australian Broadcasting Authority

Australia’s Internet hotline is operated by the The hotline has received some 1300 Australian Broadcasting Authority, the complaints since 1st January 2000. Around re g u l a t o ry agency responsible for two-thirds of these have resulted in location broadcasting and online content matters. The of ‘prohibited content’. About three-quarters hotline is one component of the co- of the items actioned have been child re g u l a t o ry scheme that commenced p o rnography or other paedophile-re l a t e d operation on 1st January 2000. The scheme material. aims to align Internet regulation with provisions applying to offline media, and During 2001-02, the hotline has undertaken covers a broad range of material that would re s e a rch on Internet usage in Australian be illegal or restricted in its availability in homes (http://www. a b a . g o v. a u / i n t e rn e t / re traditional media such as films and search/home/index.htm) and the effective- publications. ness of Internet filter software ( h t t p : / / w w w. a b a . g o v. a u / i n t e rn e t / re s e a rc h / f i l t Processes to be followed by the hotline are ering/index.htm). Both pieces of res e a rc h set out in the Broadcasting Services Act 1992 have assisted the redesign of the ABA’s web and in registered codes of practice for the site for families,www. c y b e r s m a rt k i d s . c o m . Internet industry. The hotline is operated by au. the ABA’s Content Assessment Section, within the Industry Performance and Review R e p o rts on the operation of the co- Branch. In addition to the hotline, the section regulatory scheme, including the activities of carries out a range of functions set out in the the hotline, are tabled in Parliament by the Act, including community education, Minister for Communications, Information re s e a rch and international liaison. The Technology and the Arts approximately every s e c t i o n ’s Assistant Manager oversees the six months. The reports are available on the hotline on a day-to-day basis. Reports are web site of the Department of assessed and actioned by two full-time Communications, Information Te c h n o l o g y complaint investigators, who are assisted by a and the Arts at http://www.dcita.gov.au/. part time content classification adviser. First Report | Inhope | Association of Internet Hotline Providers in Europe 27

Austria - Internetverwaltungs- und Betriebsgesellschaft m.b.H. (nic.at / Stopline)

The Austrian Hotline was founded in 1997 by The main objectives of the Austrian the Austrian ISPA (Internet Service Providers “Stopline” are:- Austria) to give Internet users the • Operate the hotline dealing with opportunity to report illegal content they complaints about illegal content concerning find online. Following constant and ongoing child pornography and national socialistic attempts to deal with concerns of Internet offences on the Internet users, particularly with regard to , • Development of pro c e d u res for the Internet Providers and users gradually gained treatment of illegal contents in relationship confidence in the hotline. Since 1999 the to ISPs and users Hotline has had permanent staff and has • Contribute to the development of best continuously grown. The assistance of the EU practices in dealing with illegal content through their Internet Action Plan and their • Co-ordinate with national (government, effort to promote safer use of the Internet law enforcement), European organizations has been a very positive contribution. (Inhope, EuroIspa, eg. ), intern a t i o n a l initiatives (Council of Europe, Unesco…) to At the moment staff members pro c e s s avoid overlap and allow maximum efficiencY. reports on child pornography and national socialistic offences to the Stopline regarding As soon as a report of illegal content reaches content found on the WWW, in Newsgroups, Stopline, employees will trace the url and file sharing programs and similar Internet find out whether it is likely to be illegal services. The hotline receives an average of within 24 hours. Should this really be the approximately 100 to 160 messages per case the provider in question, part n e r month. The daily operations are first of all hotlines and the official body in charge will locating and assessing re p o rted material be informed immediately. Regarding child- within 24 hours, tracing the apparent origins pornography this would be the Interpol, in of illegal content, alerting ISPs of illegal the case of National Socialistic offences it material and advising removal in co- would fall to the State Police Force. operation with national law enforcement agencies. This self regulation is supported and carried out in Austria by the Hotline Advisory Board, which is represented by: ISPA, Department of the Interior, Criminal Police service, N.C.B. Interpol, Universities and legal professionals. The Board has an advisory role and gives guidance to the Hotline, and the structure is open and transparent. 28 First Report | Inhope | Association of Internet Hotline Providers in Europe

Red Barnet Hotline Denmark

The Hotline is operated by the Danish Save illegal material. Information about illegal the Children organisation, Red Barnet. The material is as fast as possible sent on to a Hotline received 5424 reports during the year hotline in the country of apparent origin and 2001, corresponding to 452 reports on an from here the criminal investigation begins. average per month. The Danish Hotline can Material related to Denmark, or to countries be reached at www. re d b a rnet.dk in the in which INHOPE have no contacts, is Danish language, where you will find a short forwarded to the Danish Police. version in English as well. Around 1/3 of the reports from 2001 refer to More then 90% of the incoming reports pictures or videos that show potential illegal concern material posted on websites. The child porn o g r a p h y. Another third of the hotline has the same access to this re p o rts deals with child erotica, namely material as everybody else. Some websites children in posing positions wearing little or are paysites and access requires membership. no clothes. These pictures are legal. The The hotline does not try to access paysites. pictures are not uploaded to the Internet by accident but are clearly distributed in order The last 10% of the reports concern material to stimulate people with a sexual interest for distributed via newsgroups, chatro o m s , children. The last part of the reports concern peer2peer programs or via email. In the both adult pornography, websites with links second half of 2001 we have noticed an to potential child pornographic material and increase in the number of reports about child sites which have been closed down or to p o rnographic material distributed via where there is no access. peer2peer programs. We have also noticed an increase in the number of complaints Together with the Danish Crime Prevention about unwanted emails, spam emails that Council the Hotline launched an awareness propose people to visit websites that are said campaign on safer chat. The information to contain child pornography or child erotica. which addressed both the parents and their teenagers was distributed through the When analysing a report, the hotline staff school-system and reached out to all attempts to trace the apparent origin of the teenagers between the age of 12 and 17. The safer chat website www.sikkerchat.dk contains information aimed at both children and adults, newsboard and an email based consultation for teenagers. First Report | Inhope | Association of Internet Hotline Providers in Europe 29

France – Association des Fournisseurs d’Accès et de Services Internet (AFA)

AFA Point de Contact was set up in 1998 by • If the content is hosted in France by a the French Internet Service Pro v i d e r s member of AFA, the hotline forwards the Association (AFA) which now re p re s e n t s request to the relevant ISP more than 90% of individual access to the (6.177.000 accounts in • If the content is hosted abroad, contact is June 2001) as a response from Fre n c h made with the relevant international hotline, Internet Providers industry to the issue of member or associate member of the illegal content on the Internet. Association.

From 1st March 2002, an operator employed • If requested by French Law, the hotline d i rectly by AFA handle the day-to-day forwards the report to the Police. operations of www.pointdecontact.net. The Operator is managed by the Deputy • In all other cases, the hotline provides Executive Committee Director and supervised Internet user with information on the hosting by the Executive Committee Director of the provider or competent authorities he can French ISP Association in close co-operation report the content to. with AFA Board and ISP members. The hotline provides feedback on each AFA Point de Contact provides a central submission, either within or without the point of contact and information (as regards scope of the hotline. law, other contacts, technical information) for Internet users who may want to report There are many benefits to AFA Point de illegal material found on the Internet. The Contact in being part of the INHOPE hotline deals with two types of content - network. INHOPE provides a mechanism for child pornography and incitement to racial re p o rts to be forw a rded promptly and hatred - and with reports on web-based effectively to the country of apparent origin. hosted content and newsgroups. Expertise can be exchanged and Best Practice Guidelines can be identified and Reports can be submitted by email or via our documented so that hotlines do not have “to web form. Once received, rep o r ts are assessed reinvent the wheel” each time they face a and traced to try to establish the source : new issue or challenge. By adhering to a g reed best practice, hotlines can also demonstrate that they meet high standards, and can there f o re enhance their own credibility and that of the other hotlines in the network. 30 First Report | Inhope | Association of Internet Hotline Providers in Europe

Germany

There are three partners based in Germany, ECO is the German Internet Service Providers which participate in the INHOPE project. Association basically representing technical FSM, jugendschutz.net and ECO have all p roviders. The hotline run by ECO has been part of the consortium in the first specialized in Usenet contents but recently funding period. In addition to the started accepting complaints based on other contribution of the hotlines at a European I n t e rnet services than distributed bulletin level within the Association the hotlines board systems. exchange information on day-to-day activity regularly. There are monthly conference calls jugendschutz.net is an organisation estab- and regular face-to-face meetings in order to lished by the federal states. Thus, this hotline coordinate hotline and awareness activities in targets those Internet users that are hesitant order to avoid dead locks and duplicate to contact the police or an industry funded effort. hotline. More o v e r, jugendschutz.net pro - actively searches the Internet for harmful and It is widely known already that there is more illegal content in addition to the operation of than one organisation dealing with a hotline. complaints concerning Internet content in many of the countries being represented in This is good proof of the excellent interaction INHOPE. However, Germany is the only of hotlines even though they have different country with more than one hotline being a b a c k g rounds and target groups and member of the Association and participating hopefully it will not remain to be the only in the IAP. country with such collaboration. The German hotlines describe their individual profile in FSM is an association the members of which the following pages. recruit basically from the content industry like publishers and content providers. FSM has specialised in complaints referring to World Wide Web contents. First Report | Inhope | Association of Internet Hotline Providers in Europe 31

Germany - ECO electronic commerce forum e.V.

ECO Verband der deutschen ECO’s hotline basically deals with Crimes Internetwirtschaft e. V. is an Internet Service Against Sexual Self-determ i n a t i o n , Providers Association which was founded in Dissemination of Means of of 1996, with offices in Cologne and Berlin Unconstitutional Organizations, Agitation of which carries out lobby work for the Internet the People and Instructions for Crimes. While i n d u s t ry. Pre s e n t l y, there are 16 people only complaints about newsgroups or working for ECO full or part time. ECO individual postings were admissible for the re p resents about 250 members, who N e w s Watch hotline, ECO is pre s e n t l y transmit approximately 85% of the Internet enhancing the service of the hotline to traffic in Germany. ECO’s work is partially complaints based on Internet services other carried out by working groups, one of which than distributed bulletin board systems as is the running of the DECIX, the German well. In this connection the hotline is Commercial Internet Exchange. renamed to “Internet Content Task Force - ICTF”. In this connection, ICTF initiated a project called NewsWatch. This was not a public ECO’s hotline is able to receive reports via hotline but a service for participants of the web interface and e-mail. Complaints ICTF working group. When participating ISPs submitted via telephone are not rejected, but received complaints from users or found this way of submitting re p o rts is not suspicious material themselves, they could promoted. The NewsWatch-software pulls deliver newsfeed to NewsWatch for content the allegedly illegal posting fro m rating by legally educated personnel. The participating ISPs automatically. Screeners, results of the rating should facilitate the who are at least advanced law students, decision of the ISPs whether or not to carry assess the material. Depending on the result on offering certain newsgroups or postings of the rating, ISPs and / or law enforcement to their customers. A major development has might be contacted. Should the complaint been the establishment of an interface to the relate to content which is out of the scope of public and the possibility for participating the hotline or should it apparently be hosted ISPs to request so called “cancel feed” for in a country where a partner hotline is based, the auto-deletion of illegal material from the report is forwarded to the competent their news-servers. hotline. 32 First Report | Inhope | Association of Internet Hotline Providers in Europe

Germany - Freiwillige Selbstkontrolle Multimedia- Diensteanbieter e. V. (FSM)

FSM is the German association for voluntary The FSM has a working board which consists s e l f - regulation in online media. It was of the Chairperson and five Deputy founded in 1997 by numerous media Chairpersons. The hotline (Complaints associations and media enterprises. Among Office) is managed by the Complaints Office its members are the associations manager. He is assisted by a screener. The representing German magazine, book, and decision-making body of complaint - the newspaper publishers, private TV and radio Complaints Commission - has three regular stations, multimedia content pro v i d e r s , and three deputy members. Since August I n t e rnet service providers, software 2001 FSM has employed a managing producers etc. director and an assistant since January 2002. FSM has established a hotline (Complaints The purpose of the association is to promote Office). Every user of multimedia services can education and training in the multimedia complain to this hotline about content a rea. FSM is widely accepted by the he/she has found in online media and which competent German ministries, by users and he/she believes to be illegal or harmful. FSM private businesses. FSM has actively then handles this complaint according to a contributed to the national and international set of rules laid down in a code of procedure discussion on content rating and filtering and (Complaint Rules). FSM actively contributes to the discussion on the newly formed law of protection of The Complaint Rules of FSM are available on minors. the Internet at www.fsm.de. If the FSM Complaints Office is of the opinion that the FSM co-operates with existing voluntary self- content offered by the defendant is illegal or re g u l a t o ry bodies at both national and h a rmful, it has the possibility of, European level. In Germany, FSM exchanges p ronouncing three diff e rent kinds of i n f o rmation on complaints with org a n - measures: a) a reference, combined with the izations such as the German Press Council, request for removal of the content; b) a the German Advertising Council, the d i s a p p roval or c) a condemnation. A German voluntary self-control for television condemnation pronounced against a (FSF) and other associations. member of FSM who has accepted the FSM Code of Conduct must be published by this member in its online service. First Report | Inhope | Association of Internet Hotline Providers in Europe 33

Germany - Zentralstelle der obersten Landesjugendbehörden für Jugendschutz in Mediendiensten (jugendschutz.net) jugendschutz.net is a government institution Complaints referring to illegal or harmful and was established in October 1997 as an content on the Internet are usually received initiative of the Youth Ministers of the by e-mail. The complainants can fill in a form German Federal States, who are responsible integrated on the web site (which can also for youth protection in the media. The be anonymous), and an e-mail is ministry of Education, Women, and Youth of automatically generated and sent to Rheinland-Pfalz is the leading ministry for [email protected]. jugendschutz.net. The complaints are assessed by a team of The main task of jugendschutz.net is to researchers and lawyers and attempts are support the supervisory authorities in their made to establish the source. The hotline responsibility for youth protection in the team is very experienced and most of the media and to search for harmful and illegal personnel have been working for content on the Internet. jugendschutz.net for more than two years. They have excellent skills in assessing the The hotline’s work is a critical component of material and in tracing the source. jugendschutz.net’s work. All other projects a re directly linked to its re s u l t s . If the content is considered a serious offence jugendschutz.net has a broad public against German law, jugendschutz.net recognition and is on the top list of most passes on the information and the material search engines whenever a search for youth to the German Federal Criminal Police Office. protection is conducted. The hotline mainly In all other German cases, the content deals with child pornography, all types of provider is asked to alter or remove the other freely accessible porn o g r a p h y, material. If there is no response, details are rightwing extremism and . passed on to the appropriate authorities. If Complaints mainly refer to web sites. the re p o rt refers to material in the However, due to changes in the German competence of another hotline member legislation in the near future the task of jugendschutz.net passes on the information. jugendschutz.net is expected to be extended Anyway, the complainant is informed about to include all kinds of content in the tele- the steps that have been taken. media. 34 First Report | Inhope | Association of Internet Hotline Providers in Europe

Icelandic Hotline - Stop pornography on the Internet www.barnaheill.is

Save the Children Iceland launched in Public access to the is October 2001 a hotline for complaints from among the highest in the world. The the internet users about child pornography Icelandic nation is 280.000 people and the on the Internet. The Icelandic hotline is numbers of complaints that are sent to the established in cooperation with the Inhope- hotline are around 60 each month. In almost network of hotlines in Europe, USA and all cases the complaints are about websites Australia, and is funded by the European which have apparent origin in other Commission under the Safer Internet Action countries. The hotline forw a rds the Plan Programme. The project on the Icelandic complaints to hotlines in the country of hotline (EPCP - Internet) is a 24 month apparent origin when possible, or else to the project, operated 1st. April 2001 - 31st . March 2002.

The hotline was launched on 30st October 2001. The hotline has it’s website in connection with Save the Childre n ’s homepage www.barnaheill.is. Internet users can fill in a form for complaints which is on the website, or they can choose to send complaints by e-mail. The re p o rters are always assured anonymity. First Report | Inhope | Association of Internet Hotline Providers in Europe 35

The Irish hotline - www.hotline.ie

The www.hotline.ie service was launched in Funding for the www.hotline.ie service is November 1999 and provides a central point provided by the Internet Service Provider’s of contact for members of the public who Association in Ireland and part-funding for become aware of any child pornography on the www.hotline service from the EU Internet the Internet. The hotline accepts reports Action Plan programme. about such material and attempts to trace and identify the source of the child The www.hotline.ie service accepts reports:- pornography. If the material is hosted in • via the secure website Ireland it will request the relevant ISP to www.hotline.ie), remove the material and An Garda Síochána • via email ([email protected]) to investigate or alternatively pass on the • via low-call phone service re p o rt to the appropriate intern a t i o n a l (1890 610 710) hotline. • via low-call fax service (1890 520 720) • via surface mail (26 Upper Baggot The hotline needs advice and assistance from Street, Dublin 4, Ireland) a partnership-driven forum, which monitors and promotes the overall self-re g u l a t i o n Reports can be anonymous if desired. framework. The Internet Advisory Board established in March 2001 ably fulfils this When the www.hotline.ie receives a report it role. Members of the Board include Internet follows a procedure which has been agreed s e rvice providers, An Garda Síochána, with the Internet Advisory Board and with Internet users, Government, the Information the Internet Service Providers. Society Commission, education and child protection bodies, a legal advisor and the The www.hotline.ie has worked closely with Director of the hotline. Among the many the Internet Service Providers, An Gard a objectives of the Internet Advisory Board is Síochána and the Data Pro t e c t i o n the supervision of the operations of the Commissioner to develop a protocol for the www.hotline service and the establishment controlled exchange of personal data in the of viable and transparent procedures for course of a criminal investigation. processing complaints. 36 First Report | Inhope | Association of Internet Hotline Providers in Europe

The Netherlands - Stichting Meldpunt ter bestrijding van Kinderpornografie op Internet (Meldpunt kinderporno)

In August 1995 an article on child all the members of the board perform this pornography on the Internet in a computer work voluntarily. The members of the board magazine gave rise to a discussion about the all have a large expertise within the work responsibility of Internet providers and the field. Since the establishment of the Hotline, possibilities they have for self-regulation. In there has been a good co-operating with the response, the NLIP (the Dutch Association of Dutch police and the Dutch Internet Service Internet providers) launched an action plan providers association (NLIP). that provided for Internet Hotlines for both child pornography and racism. A working The procedure of the Hotline is as follows:- g roup was formed consisting of re p resentatives of Internet providers, the • Either an Internet user or the abuse police Central Investigation and Information department of an Internet Service Provider Division (CRI), and Internet users. This sends a report about the distribution of child working group established the Intern e t pornography to [email protected] Hotline against Child Pornography –the first • The hotline receives a re p o rt and of its kind in Europe-and developed its aims automatically sends a confirmation of receipt and procedures. The Hotline was officially and a follow up-number to the complainant opened on 20th June 1996 by the Minister • The Hotline checks the report of Justice Mrs. W. Sorgdrager. • The Hotline classifies and processes the report. This involves assessing whether the At present the board of the Dutch Hotline material meets the criteria of article 240b of consists of four persons, including a the Criminal Code and whether the material chairperson, a tre a s u rer and a secre t a ry. concerns Dutch subjects Since the beginning of the hotline in 1995, • The Hotline will file a report with the police by passing on the information • If the material meets the criteria of article 240b of the Criminal Code but is not distributed from within the Netherlands, the Hotline passes the information to another Hotline with which we co-operate within INHOPE. • The Hotline informs the complainant First Report | Inhope | Association of Internet Hotline Providers in Europe 37

Spanish Hotline - PROTEGELES

A hotline to allow Internet users to report total amount of reports received from July to content which they consider to be illegal in December was 2,785. The hotline has been the Internet was established in Spain with operating with full support of the Spanish the support of the European Commission National Police, the Guardia Civil as well as under the Internet Action Plan on Promoting the Spanish National Government. In a Safer Use of Internet (IAP). The creation of addition, the hotline has established an this hotline was approved with the extremely efficient collaboration with TERRA SECURENET Project (IAP-264545) in the Networks and all of the reports received with HOTLINE PERMANENT CALL FOR illegal content hosted in TERRA servers are PROPOSALS issued in 1999. sent immediately to TERRA’s head of security.

The Spanish hotline, PROTEGELES, has been The hotline association is dedicated to the running since the year 2001. It launched its following activities:- web site www.protegeles.com where citizens a re allowed to re p o rt sites which they • Receiving through the web site consider to have child pornographic content. www.protegeles.com reports from O P T E N E T, the co-ordinator of the citizens on child pornographic content SECURENET Project (funded by the EC) has in the Internet. been operating the hotline with the support • Examining whether the content of the Spanish non-govern m e n t a l actually contains child pornography, o rganization ACPI (Acción Contra la identifying the host country, etc, P o rnografía Infantil). The ACPI has been • Collaborating and exchanging working on the fight against child information and reports with other pornography and child exploitation in Spain hotlines since 1998. • Collaborating and exchanging information about illegal content with On July 2001 www.protegeles.com received ISPs that cooperate formally with the 348 reports regarding pages carrying images hotline. of child pornography. On October of the • Promoting the collaboration of the same year, this number increased to 529 and different social agents in the fight the hotline closed the year in December with against child pornography in the 607 reports, meaning a six-monthly increase Internet: the Internet Industry, other of almost 74% in the number of reports. The child welfare organizations, the public administration, and the Spanish Police forces. 38 First Report | Inhope | Association of Internet Hotline Providers in Europe

Swedish Hotline - FACE IT

FACE-IT operation works within the context The co-ordinator also ensures that the of Save the Children Sweden’s Programme support given by the European Commission department and its Centre for Children and is visible whenever the Hotline is presented. Adolescents in Crisis. At this Centre experts work with children that have been sexually On the Hotline web-site there is an on-line abused and exploited, children from war reporting form in Swedish and in English: situations and children that have lost a h t t p : / / w w w.rb.se/hotline/ This form is p a rent or sibling through death. The designed so that it can include re p o rt s organisational setting thus adds value to the concerning the World Wide Web, ICQs, Chat work of the Hotline as staff at the Hotline are rooms, peer-to-peer servers, Newsgro u p s continuously present at strategic discussions etc. The reporting person can check a box about how best to assist exploited children that enables him/her to remain anonymous. and how sexual exploitation in all forms may However, the Swedish version notes the fact best be counteracted. that we may want to contact people after having received their reports so we ask those Save the Children is a member organisation that wish to remain anonymous to leave us with 90,000 members spread all over some contact channel in order for us to be Sweden. This means that the work of the able to contact them in some way. All reports Hotline is integrated and disseminated in all are given an automated response and no parts of Sweden. The Save the Children re p o rting person can expect a personal members support the Hotline actively. contact.

FACE-IT is co-ordinated by one project co- The content of the www-link is checked. The ordinator, co-ordinating the activities of the new report is checked against other reports Hotline, ensuring that activities of the Hotline that may have come in with similar content are reported to the Commission, setting up and/or a location and this will help the meetings with important actors in the field, investigation. Reports coming from or co-ordinating the international meetings and concerning domains or communities located seminars, re p resenting the Hotline at in Sweden are prioritised. In co-operation E u ropean meetings, ensuring that the with the police we investigate further into knowledge accumulated by the work communities, use key words given to us by becomes useful for other pro g r a m m e reporting persons and use specific times activities within Save the Children Sweden. during the day to access specific chat rooms or ICQs.. All activity is kept in a format consistent with Swedish law. First Report | Inhope | Association of Internet Hotline Providers in Europe 39

United Kingdom – Internet Watch Foundation (IWF)

The Internet Watch Foundation was set up in The hotline deals with three types of content September 1996 with the support of – child porn o g r a p h y, other illegal porn - government, the Internet Service Provider ography, and criminally racist content. Child industry and law enforcement. The IWF is pornographic material constitutes the vast funded primarily by the UK ISP industry with majority of the reports referred to the police financial support for the hotline from the and Internet Service Providers. The hotline European Union. mainly deals with reports on web-hosted content and Usenet newsgroups, but Policy decisions are taken by a Board f o rw a rds re p o rts on other Intern e t consisting of four industry members and applications to the relevant competent eight non-industry members, with an authority. In addition to receiving reports independent Chair. The non-industry f rom the public, IWF also pro a c t i v e l y members are drawn from a wide range of monitors those Usenet newsgroups which sectors, including child welfare, education a re known regularly to contain child and consumer interests. The IWF has nine pornography. members of staff, of whom six work on the hotline. In addition, the Chief Executive has Reports can be submitted by telephone, fax, overall responsibility for the hotline function. post, email or via our web form, but The hotline is the core business of IWF, and reporters are encouraged to use the online the organisation also has a remit to develop form as this logs reports automatically into education and awareness initiatives and to the database and is the most eff i c i e n t work on labelling and filtering systems. The reporting channel. The reported content is latter is carried out primarily through our located and assessed by hotline staff involvement with the Internet Content Rating according to its legality under the relevant Association (ICRA). UK legislation. The staff are trained by specialist UK police working in the field of indecent and obscene material. Reports of illegal content are forw a rded to law enforcement, to any UK ISPs who may be hosting the content and to the partner INHOPE hotline in the country of apparent origin. 40 First Report | Inhope | Association of Internet Hotline Providers in Europe

United States - National Centre for Missing and Exploited Children

Referred to as “a high-tech search network” (NLETS); and the Federal Parent Locator by the national news media, the National Service (FPLS). It is the only organization Center for Missing and Exploited Children operating a 24-hour, toll-free Hotline for the (NCMEC) is a private, non-pro f i t recovery of missing children in cooperation organization, mandated by Congress and with the US Department of Justice. It is the working in cooperation with the US only organization operating a 24-hour, toll- Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile f ree child pornography tipline in Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP). cooperation with the US Customs Service NCMEC is a vital resource for the 17,000 law and the US Postal Inspection Service. It is the enforcement agencies located throughout only organization to handle, for the US the US in the search for missing children and D e p a rtment of State, the applications the quest for child protection. seeking re t u rn of or access to childre n abducted t o the US under the Hague Since 1984 NCMEC has handled 1,168,570 Convention on the Civil Aspects of Interna- calls through its national Hotline, 1-800- tional Child Abduction. THE-LOST; trained 145,148 police and other professionals; and disseminated nearly 15 Services million free, issue-based publications. • National Computer Network NCMEC has worked with law enforcement • Project ALERT—America’s Law on 57,770 missing child cases, resulting in Enforcement Retiree Team the recovery of 38,868 children. • Missing Child Alert • Photos and Posters NCMEC is unique. It is the only nonprofit • Imaging/Identification organization provided access to the FBI’s • Case Management National Crime Information Center (NCIC) • Leads Missing Person, Wanted Person, and • Case Analysis Unidentified Person Files; the National Law • Queries and Database Searches E n f o rcement Telecommunications System •Training • Prevention of Infant Abductions • Exploited Child Unit • Prevention/Education APPENDICES 42 First Report | Inhope | Association of Internet Hotline Providers in Europe

APPENDIX 1 - Identifying and supporting potential new hotlines in EU countries without such Mission Statement of INHOPE initiatives, with the aim of having 12 Association members within 2 years and members in all EU member countries within 4. The mission of the INHOPE Association is to To educate and inform policymakers, facilitate and co-ordinate the work of particularly at the international level: European hotlines in responding to illegal - Establishing good relationships with use and content on the Internet. government, law enforcement and international agencies Objectives - Promoting better understanding among To facilitate the exchange of expertise: key decision makers in the European - Identifying and establishing policies parliament and other international fora of procedures for individual hotlines in the work of hotlines and the need for and responding to complaints about illegal limits to international co-operation. material available on the Internet To promote awareness of the INHOPE - Promoting best practice by individual Association and individual hotlines hotlines based on the exchange of - Ensuring that the INHOPE network will be expertise among hotlines. widely recognised by key figures in the To facilitate the exchange of reports: various relevant sectors, and that its one - Identifying consistent, effective and stop shop website will be widely linked secure mechanisms for exchanging with high traffic figures. reports of illegal content between To ensure that the central administration of hotlines the hotlines’ network is provided in an - Promoting the maximum possible e fficient, transparent and accountable exchange of reports about illegal items manner: between hotlines Achieving efficiency in the organisation of - Achieving better co-ordination of hotlines the Association with targets for specific in responding to incidences of illegal work being met content and activity on the Internet. - Creating a forward looking, open, To interface with initiatives outside the EU: democratic European association which - Establishing good relationships and the members support and which will strong links with hotlines outside Europe attract the trust of governments, the and exchanging expertise and reports European Institutions, law enforcement, with them the Internet industry, Internet users, child - Achieving better co-operation with welfare associations and the public relevant sectoral agencies on an - Establishing a financially sound international level. association with good forward planning To support new hotlines: and verifiable accounting standards. First Report | Inhope | Association of Internet Hotline Providers in Europe 43

APPENDIX 2

Members of the INHOPE Association (Oct 2001)

Country Membership Organization Web Membership Status Name Address Date

Australia Associate ABA www.aba.gov.au 01-Nov-99

Austria Full Stopline www.stopline.at 01-Nov-99

Belgium Provisional Child Focus www.childfocus.org 13-Sep-01

Denmark Provisional Red Barnet www.redbarnet.dk 01-Mar-01

France Full AFA www.pointdecontact.net 01-Nov-99

Germany Full Electronic www.eco.de 01-Nov-99 Commerce Forum

Germany Full FSM www.fsm.de 01-Nov-99

Germany Full Jugendschutz www.jugendschutz.de 01-Nov-99

Iceland Provisional Barnaheill www.barnaheill.is 13-Sep-01

Ireland Full ISPAI www.hotline.ie 01-Nov-99

Netherlands Full Meldpunt www.meldpunt.org 01-Nov-99

Spain Provisional ACPI www.protegeles.com 01-Mar-01

Sweden Full Rädda Barnen www.rb.se/hotline 23-Nov-00

United Full Internet Watch www.iwf.org.uk 01-Nov-99 Kingdom Foundation

U.S.A Associate Cybertipline www.ncmec.org 01-Nov-99 (NCMEC) 44 First Report | Inhope | Association of Internet Hotline Providers in Europe

APPENDIX 3

Accounts Summary

BALANCE SHEET 2001 2000

ASSETS

Fixed assets Tangible fixed assets 10,042 5,779

Current assets Receivable from EG 98,119 Receivables 0 6,000 Prepaid salary 0 2,048 98,119 8,048 Bank 29,086 80,452

137,247 94,279 LIABILITIES

Capital Appropriated funds INHOPE 50,200 -2,939 Addition appropriated funds INHOPE -3,135 53,139 47,065 50,200 Current Liabilities Creditors 4,213 32,950 Salaries 981 981 Membership fees 2002 32,000 Other payables and deferred expenses 52,988 10,147 90,182 44,078 137,247 94,278

STATEMENT OF INCOME AND EXPENDITURE

2001 2000 Income European Community 129,063 90,000 Member organizations 56,028 44,000 185,091 134,000 Expenditure Personnel costs 68,556 17,817 Travel/meeting costs 87,974 32,638 Web costs 3,669 16,160 Legal consultancy 63 Subcontractor costs 19,000 9,000 Equipment depreciation 4,001 808 Other costs 5,026 4,375 188,226 80,861 Net result -3,135 53,139 First Report | Inhope | Association of Internet Hotline Providers in Europe 45

APPENDIX 4 functions the Association will:

EU Safer Internet Action Plan – 1. Develop the existing INHOPE forum web Objectives of INHOPE - Contract site http://www.INHOPE.org with areas for 01Jun2000 – 31May2002 members, and the public, with quicklinks to all members’ websites. This will be multi- Project Abstract lingual. The INHOPE Association is a non pro f i t 2. P rovide for regular exchanges of organisation registered in the Netherlands information between members through a created by an existing network of Internet closed e-mail list (building on an existing hotline providers in Austria, France, service) Germany, the Netherlands, and the UK in 3. Visit and support six new or potential order to place their co- operation on a formal hotlines each year to enable them to start or basis. A new hotline in Ireland is also part of improve their services. this bid. These hotlines have been meeting 4. O rganise 3 meetings each year at regularly for over a year, originally through different locations in Europe for all members funding provided by the DAPHNE of the forum to discuss practical cooperation programme. The Association’s key purpose is and policy issues leading to the preparation to to facilitate the work of European hotlines of best practice statements. in responding to illegal use and content on 5. Maintain the accountability of the the Internet through:- Association through three committee meetings each year and one annual • Exchanging expertise members meeting for electing officers. • Supporting new hotlines 6. Organise one training seminar each year • Exchanging reports focussed on an aspect of hotlines work with internal and external speakers. Interfacing with initiatives outside the EU 7. Publish summaries of the Association’s (excellent relationships already established work on the web site and through an annual with hotlines in Norway and the USA who report and an annual briefing on a topic. will be observer members of the association) 8. Speak at conferences within and Educating and informing policy makers, outside Europe to explain the work of particularly at the international level. hotlines and the value of international and sectoral (law enforcement, govern m e n t s , The Association hopes to secure members in Internet industry, child welfare and users) co- all EU countries over the next 4 years and will operation. be open to discuss membership with any initiative applying separately to the The Association will support the work of Commission for funding. individual hotlines in EU countries, which is affected by the cultural and legal situation in Strategic and policy support, particularly in those countries. This application includes as the field of education and awareness, will be individual work packages the work of provided by Childnet International. Childnet hotlines in six countries: has co-ordinated the INHOPE forum since its inception in 1998 and has become widely Austria – run by the NIC.AT a company recognised for its expertise in issues of illegal owned by the Austrian, Internet Serv i c e and harmful content (particularly child Provider’s Association pornography). France – run by the AFA – a service provider’s Description of Work association The Association has been established as a n o n - p rofit organisation re g i s t e red in the Germany – three initiatives with different Netherlands. The Association will be open to emphases will be members of INHOPE and public and private bodies within the EC and co-operating – eco Forum, an industry will also seek observer members fro m association that specialises in news groups; outside the EC. In order to fulfil its key FSM an industry self regulation body which 46 First Report | Inhope | Association of Internet Hotline Providers in Europe

deals with complaints about the web; and jugendschutz.net a publicly funded body which identifies problems on the web and responds to complaints.

Ireland – a new hotline being established by the Irish Internet Service Pro v i d e r s Association.

The Netherlands – Meldpunt a private body established by concerned Internet users, I n t e rnet industry, and law enforc e m e n t which deals with complaints about child pornography in the Netherlands

United Kingdom – IWF a private body funded by the Industry, and supported by government, law enforcement and users.

Expected Results The INHOPE Association believes that its work, and that of its individual members will lead to:

1. effective systems for European Internet users to complain about material on the Internet they believe to be illegal

2. better policies and pro c e d u res by individual hotlines in responding to complaints thus reducing the amount of illegal material available on the Intern e t within Europe

3. better co-operation between individual hotlines and with law enforcement, industry and other interests leading to a more efficient and effective response to illegal material, and the Internet being safer for users

4. a strong basis for international co- operation outside the EU. First Report | Inhope | Association of Internet Hotline Providers in Europe 47

APPENDIX 5

List of Events - External

Da t e Lo c a t i o n Title / Subject Re p r esenting INHOPE 2000 April Vienna UN 10th Congress Cormac Callanan June Tokyo Hotlines Symposium Ruth Dixon August Washington CyberTipline visitRuth Dixon and Prosecutors Training Course Ruth Dixon September Lyons 4th International Conference on Computer Crime Marine Janiaud September Luxembourg EC Hotline workshop Ruth Dixon October Berlin G8 Government/Industry Ruth Dixon Workshop Cormac Callanan November Den Haag Europol Experts Meeting Ruth Dixon November Zutphen, NL Europol Police Training Course Ruth Dixon Cormac Callanan December Sydney ABA’s Hotline Workshop Ruth Dixon December Palermo UN Symposium “The Rule of Cormac Callanan Law in the Global Village Ruth Dixon 2001 January Luxembourg EU IAP Update Ruth Dixon March Glasgow NetEnforce Conference Ruth Dixon March Brussels EU meeting on Computer Crime study Ruth Dixon June Edinburgh International Law Enforcement Ruth Dixon and National Security Forum Ian Brown October Brussels Eping! Cormac Callanan Ruth Dixon October Luxembourg EU Safer Internet Action Plan Awareness Day Cormac Callanan October Dublin ONCE SIAP Awareness Project Cormac Callanan November Budapest Council of Europe Preparatory Conference for the Yokohama Conference on Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (CSEC). Cormac Callanan November Strasbourg European Forum on Harmful and Illegal Cyber Content: Self-Regulation, User Protection and Media Competence Ruth Dixon November Den Haag EuroPol Experts Meeting Cormac Callanan December Yokohama Second World Congress on CSEC Cormac Callanan 2002 March Hong Kong Symposium on the Protection of Children Online Cormac Callanan April Cork 4th Copine Conference Cormac Callanan May Florence DOT SAFE: Safe Internet for Students Cormac Callanan 48 First Report | Inhope | Association of Internet Hotline Providers in Europe

APPENDIX 5 - continued

List of Events - Inhope

Executive Meetings (Tele-Conference events not included) 2000 May Dublin Executive Meeting June Amsterdam Executive Meeting June London Executive Meeting September Salzburg Executive Meeting November Paris Executive Meeting 2001 February Amsterdam Executive Meeting February Stockholm Executive Meeting March Stansted Executive Meeting April Amsterdam Executive Meeting May Washington Executive Meeting June Amsterdam Executive meeting September Copenhagen Executive Meeting 2002 January Madrid Executive Meeting May Berlin Executive meeting Members Meetings 1999 November Amsterdam Forum Meeting 2000 February London Members Meeting May Dublin Members Meeting September Salzburg Members Meeting November Paris Members Meeting 2001 March Stockholm Members Meeting May Washington Members Meeting September Copenhagen Members Meeting 2002 February Madrid Members Meeting May Berlin Members Meeting New Hotlines Visits 2000 June Denmark New Hotline Visit Cormac Callanan 2001 February Spain New Hotline Visit Louis Alexander Cormac Callanan Ruth Dixon April Finland New hotline Visit Louis Alexander Alex de Joode July Iceland New Hotline Visit Louis Alexander Cormac Callanan August Belgium New Hotline Visit Louis Alexander October Iceland Hotline Launch Cormac Callanan November Finland New Hotline Visit Louis Alexander Inhope Association, PO Box 3010, Goring BN12 4WF, United Kingdom email: [email protected] • web: www.inhope.org