A Tracer of CO2 Density Variations in the Martian Lower CO2 Density Provided by the Mars Climate Database Is Scaled Down by a Factor Between 0.50 and 0.66
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Insight Spacecraft Launch for Mission to Interior of Mars
InSight Spacecraft Launch for Mission to Interior of Mars InSight is a robotic scientific explorer to investigate the deep interior of Mars set to launch May 5, 2018. It is scheduled to land on Mars November 26, 2018. It will allow us to better understand the origin of Mars. First Launch of Project Orion Project Orion took its first unmanned mission Exploration flight Test-1 (EFT-1) on December 5, 2014. It made two orbits in four hours before splashing down in the Pacific. The flight tested many subsystems, including its heat shield, electronics and parachutes. Orion will play an important role in NASA's journey to Mars. Orion will eventually carry astronauts to an asteroid and to Mars on the Space Launch System. Mars Rover Curiosity Lands After a nine month trip, Curiosity landed on August 6, 2012. The rover carries the biggest, most advanced suite of instruments for scientific studies ever sent to the martian surface. Curiosity analyzes samples scooped from the soil and drilled from rocks to record of the planet's climate and geology. Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Begins Mission at Mars NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter launched from Cape Canaveral August 12. 2005, to find evidence that water persisted on the surface of Mars. The instruments zoom in for photography of the Martian surface, analyze minerals, look for subsurface water, trace how much dust and water are distributed in the atmosphere, and monitor daily global weather. Spirit and Opportunity Land on Mars January 2004, NASA landed two Mars Exploration Rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, on opposite sides of Mars. -
Mars Pathfinder
NASA Facts National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, CA 91109 Mars Pathfinder Mars Pathfinder was the first completed mission events, ending in a touchdown which left all systems in NASAs Discovery Program of low-cost, rapidly intact. developed planetary missions with highly focused sci- The landing site, an ancient flood plain in Mars ence goals. With a development time of only three northern hemisphere known as Ares Vallis, is among years and a total cost of $265 million, Pathfinder was the rockiest parts of Mars. It was chosen because sci- originally designed entists believed it to as a technology be a relatively safe demonstration of a surface to land on way to deliver an and one which con- instrumented lander tained a wide vari- and a free-ranging ety of rocks robotic rover to the deposited during a surface of the red catastrophic flood. planet. Pathfinder In the event early in not only accom- Mars history, sci- plished this goal but entists believe that also returned an the flood plain was unprecedented cut by a volume of amount of data and water the size of outlived its primary North Americas design life. Great Lakes in Pathfinder used about two weeks. an innovative The lander, for- method of directly mally named the entering the Carl Sagan Martian atmos- Memorial Station phere, assisted by a following its suc- parachute to slow cessful touchdown, its descent through and the rover, the thin Martian atmosphere and a giant system of named Sojourner after American civil rights crusader airbags to cushion the impact. -
Explore Digital.Pdf
EXPLORE “sic itur ad astra” ~ thus you shall go to the stars EXPERTISE FOR THE MISSION We’ve built more interplanetary spacecraft than all other U.S. companies combined. We’re ready for humanity’s next step, for Earth, the Sun, our planets … and beyond. We do this for the New capability explorers. And for us for a new space era Achieving in space takes tenacity. Lockheed Martin brings more We’ve never missed a tight (and finite) capability to the table than ever planetary mission launch window. before, creating better data, new Yet, despite how far we go, the most images and groundbreaking ways to important technologies we develop work. And we’re doing it with smarter improve life now, closer to home. factories and common products, Here on Earth. making our systems increasingly affordable and faster to produce. HALF A CENTURY AT MARS Getting to space is hard. Each step past that is increasingly harder. We’ve been a part of every NASA mission to Mars, and we know what it takes to arrive on another planet and explore. Our proven work includes aeroshells, autonomous deep space operations or building orbiters and landers, like InSight. AEROSHELLS VIKING 1 VIKING 2 PATHFINDER MARS POLAR SPIRIT OPPORTUNITY PHOENIX CURIOSITY INSIGHT MARS 2020 1976 1976 1996 LANDER 2004 2018 2008 2012 2018 2020 1999 ORBITERS MARS OBSERVER MARS GLOBAL MARS CLIMATE MARS ODYSSEY MARS RECONNAISSANCE MAVEN 1993 SURVEYOR ORBITER 2001 ORBITER 2014 1997 1999 2006 LANDERS VIKING 1 VIKING 2 MARS POLAR PHOENIX INSIGHT 1976 1976 LANDER 2008 2018 1999 Taking humans back to the Moon – We bring solutions for our customers that include looking outside our organization to deliver the best science through our spacecraft and operations expertise. -
Mars Insight Launch Press Kit
Introduction National Aeronautics and Space Administration Mars InSight Launch Press Kit MAY 2018 www.nasa.gov 1 2 Table of Contents Table of Contents Introduction 4 Media Services 8 Quick Facts: Launch Facts 12 Quick Facts: Mars at a Glance 16 Mission: Overview 18 Mission: Spacecraft 30 Mission: Science 40 Mission: Landing Site 53 Program & Project Management 55 Appendix: Mars Cube One Tech Demo 56 Appendix: Gallery 60 Appendix: Science Objectives, Quantified 62 Appendix: Historical Mars Missions 63 Appendix: NASA’s Discovery Program 65 3 Introduction Mars InSight Launch Press Kit Introduction NASA’s next mission to Mars -- InSight -- will launch from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California as early as May 5, 2018. It is expected to land on the Red Planet on Nov. 26, 2018. InSight is a mission to Mars, but it is more than a Mars mission. It will help scientists understand the formation and early evolution of all rocky planets, including Earth. A technology demonstration called Mars Cube One (MarCO) will share the launch with InSight and fly separately to Mars. Six Ways InSight Is Different NASA has a long and successful track record at Mars. Since 1965, it has flown by, orbited, landed and roved across the surface of the Red Planet. None of that has been easy. Only about 40 percent of the missions ever sent to Mars by any space agency have been successful. The planet’s thin atmosphere makes landing a challenge; its extreme temperature swings make it difficult to operate on the surface. But if a spacecraft survives the trip, there’s a bounty of science to be collected. -
NASA History Fact Sheet
NASA History Fact Sheet National Aeronautics and Space Administration Office of Policy and Plans NASA History Office NASA History Fact Sheet A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION by Stephen J. Garber and Roger D. Launius Launching NASA "An Act to provide for research into the problems of flight within and outside the Earth's atmosphere, and for other purposes." With this simple preamble, the Congress and the President of the United States created the national Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) on October 1, 1958. NASA's birth was directly related to the pressures of national defense. After World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union were engaged in the Cold War, a broad contest over the ideologies and allegiances of the nonaligned nations. During this period, space exploration emerged as a major area of contest and became known as the space race. During the late 1940s, the Department of Defense pursued research and rocketry and upper atmospheric sciences as a means of assuring American leadership in technology. A major step forward came when President Dwight D. Eisenhower approved a plan to orbit a scientific satellite as part of the International Geophysical Year (IGY) for the period, July 1, 1957 to December 31, 1958, a cooperative effort to gather scientific data about the Earth. The Soviet Union quickly followed suit, announcing plans to orbit its own satellite. The Naval Research Laboratory's Project Vanguard was chosen on 9 September 1955 to support the IGY effort, largely because it did not interfere with high-priority ballistic missile development programs. -
Student Version
Strange New Planet Student Version Adapted from NASA’s “Mars Activities: Teacher Resources Version and Classroom Activities – Strange New Planet” located at mars.jpl.nasa.gov/classroom/pdfs/MSIP-MarsActivities.pdf Why should your team do this activity? Your team should now be somewhat familiar with Mars, the planet your Rover will be designed to navigate and explore. Why do we send rovers to planets in the first place? Well, different kinds of spacecraft are able to make different kinds of observations. Think about how different the information gathered by looking at a planet from Earth is from the information that a rover might collect. The information that a rover can gather about rock materials on the surface of Mars is much more specific than what an astronomer can collect simply by looking through a telescope. Yet the astronomer’s information is necessary to successfully land and operate a rover on the surface of another planet, right?. As you will see, each kind of mission has its advantages and drawbacks. During this activity, your team will explore a strange new planet, one that your teacher has made especially for you. You will explore this planet just like NASA explores Mars. As you make observations, you will make decisions about what your team would like to explore further. Your observations will continually refine the goals of your exploration. During the last phase of exploration, you will land on the surface and carry out your investigations. Happy exploring! The Necessities: A planet (your teacher will provide this) Planetary viewers, one for each team member (your teacher will help you with this) One 5 inch by 5 inch blue piece of cellophane paper and rubber band per member Pen or pencil Idaho TECH Lab Notebook Directions Your teacher will guide your team through this activity. -
Mars Exploration Entry, Descent and Landing Challenges1,2
Mars Exploration Entry, Descent and Landing Challenges1,2 Robert D. Braun Robert M. Manning Georgia Institute of Technology Jet Propulsion Laboratory Atlanta, GA 30332-0150 California Institute of Technology (404) 385-6171 Pasadena, CA 91109 [email protected] (818) 393-7815 [email protected] Abstract—The United States has successfully landed five interesting locations within close proximity (10’s of m) of robotic systems on the surface of Mars. These systems all pre-positioned robotic assets. These plans require a had landed mass below 0.6 metric tons (t), had landed simultaneous two order of magnitude increase in landed footprints on the order of hundreds of km and landed at sites mass capability, four order of magnitude increase in landed below -1 km MOLA elevation due the need to perform accuracy, and an entry, descent and landing operations entry, descent and landing operations in an environment sequence that may need to be completed in a lower density with sufficient atmospheric density. Current plans for (higher surface elevation) environment. This is a tall order human exploration of Mars call for the landing of 40-80 t that will require the space qualification of new EDL surface elements at scientifically interesting locations within approaches and technologies. close proximity (10’s of m) of pre-positioned robotic assets. This paper summarizes past successful entry, descent and Today, robotic exploration systems engineers are struggling landing systems and approaches being developed by the with the challenges of increasing landed mass capability to 1 robotic Mars exploration program to increased landed t while improving landed accuracy to 10’s of km and performance (mass, accuracy and surface elevation). -
Mer Landing.Qxd
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION Mars Exploration Rover Landings Press Kit January 2004 Media Contacts Donald Savage Policy/Program Management 202/358-1547 Headquarters [email protected] Washington, D.C. Guy Webster Mars Exploration Rover Mission 818/354-5011 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, [email protected] Pasadena, Calif. David Brand Science Payload 607/255-3651 Cornell University, [email protected] Ithaca, N.Y. Contents General Release …………………………………………………………..................................…… 3 Media Services Information ……………………………………….........................................…..... 5 Quick Facts ………………………………………………………................................……………… 6 Mars at a Glance ……………………………………………………….................................………. 7 Historical Mars Missions ………………………………………………….....................................… 8 Mars: The Water Trail ………………………………………………………………….................…… 9 Where We've Been and Where We're Going …………………………………................ 14 Science Investigations .............................................................................................................. 17 Landing Sites ............................................................................................................................. 23 Mission Overview ……………...………………………………………..............................………. 28 Spacecraft ................................................................................................................................. 38 Program/Project Management …………………………………………….................................… -
Mars: the Viking Discoveries
'Docusiii RESUME ED 161. 728 SEpiS194 mITHoR rrench, Bevan M., TITLE , Mars: The Viking Discoveries. - INSTITUTION Xational Aeronautics and Space Administration, iinshington, D.C. REPORT NO INASA -EP- 146 PUB. DATE Oct 77 NOTE 137p.; Not available in hard81), due to poor reproducibility of photographes AVAILABLE FROM Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 (Stock No. 033-000-00703-5; $1.50) _ EMS PRICE/ MO-$0.83 Plus Postage. HC Not Available f-rom EDRS.. DESCRIpTCRSI *Aerospace. Education; Aerospace Techn§logy; AAstrotomy; *Earth SCieficeL Geology; *Instructional 2,Materials; Physics; *Science ActivitieSi' Science Education; Science Experiments; *Space Sciences IDENTIkiERS *Mars ti ABSTRACT This book :::rt describes the results, pf NASA's VViking spacecraft on Mars. It is tended to be useful for the teacher of basic courses in earth, scie.w- space science, astronom physics, or A geology, but is also of inte :-t to the well-informed 1man. Topics include why we should ,study Mars; how the Viklpg spacec aft works, ..the winds of Mars, the chemistry of Mars, exp rimentt i ativit and the future of the Viking spacecraft. An appendix includes suggestions for further reading, classroom experiments'And activitiei, and suggested films. (BB) .*********************************************************************, keproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can-be made 4, from the original document. ************************************************** 3wk***********-***-- S. DEPARTMENT OP HEALTH. EDUCATION WELFARE HATIONALJNSTITUTE OP EDUCATION cHISDOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO. DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGIN. ATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STAYED DO NOT NECESSARILYREPRE SENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTEOF EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY I AI MI AMA -A Mars: le VikingDiscoveries .tip by Bevan M. -
Mars Science Laboratory Landing
PRESS KIT/JULY 2012 Mars Science Laboratory Landing Media Contacts Dwayne Brown NASA’s Mars 202-358-1726 Steve Cole Program 202-358-0918 Headquarters [email protected] Washington [email protected] Guy Webster Mars Science Laboratory 818-354-5011 D.C. Agle Mission 818-393-9011 Jet Propulsion Laboratory [email protected] Pasadena, Calif. [email protected] Science Payload Investigations Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer: Ruth Ann Chicoine, Canadian Space Agency, Saint-Hubert, Québec, Canada; 450-926-4451; [email protected] Chemistry and Camera: James Rickman, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, N.M.; 505-665-9203; [email protected] Chemistry and Mineralogy: Rachel Hoover, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif.; 650-604-0643; [email protected] Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons: Igor Mitrofanov, Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia; 011-7-495-333-3489; [email protected] Mars Descent Imager, Mars Hand Lens Imager, Mast Camera: Michael Ravine, Malin Space Science Systems, San Diego; 858-552-2650 extension 591; [email protected] Radiation Assessment Detector: Donald Hassler, Southwest Research Institute; Boulder, Colo.; 303-546-0683; [email protected] Rover Environmental Monitoring Station: Luis Cuesta, Centro de Astrobiología, Madrid, Spain; 011-34-620-265557; [email protected] Sample Analysis at Mars: Nancy Neal Jones, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.; 301-286-0039; [email protected] Engineering Investigation MSL Entry, Descent and Landing Instrument Suite: Kathy Barnstorff, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va.; 757-864-9886; [email protected] Contents Media Services Information. -
Chapters 11-14
At NASA, hopes for a new planetary mission to Saturn had been in the works since the early 1980s. Scientists had long sought to visit the second-largest planet in the solar system, with its fascinating system of rings, numerous moons, and unique magnetic field. 11 140 Visiting Saturn 11 The Cassini Mission s the 1980s drew to a close, the DOE Office of Special Applica- tions had its hands full with space nuclear power system work. Although assembly and testing of four GPHS-RTGs (including Aone spare) for the Galileo and Ulysses missions were complete, other projects filled the time. Ongoing assessment and development of DIPS, begun under SDI, continued on a limited basis under SEI. e SP- 100 space reactor program and TFE verification program were in the midst of ongoing development and testing. DOE also continued supporting DoD in development of a space nuclear thermal propulsion system that had begun under the auspices of SDI. At NASA, hopes for a new planetary mission to Saturn had been in the works since the early 1980s. Scientists had long sought to visit the second-largest planet in the solar system, with its fascinating system of rings, numerous moons, and unique magnetic field. Flybys of Saturn by the RTG-powered Pioneer 11 spacecraft in 1979 and the Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 spacecraft in 1980 and 1981, respectively, provided information that further piqued that interest. Efforts to acquire a Saturn mission finally came to fruition in 1989 with the authorization of Congressional funding. Conceived as an international partnership with the ESA and Italian Space Agency, the Cassini-Huygens mission (alternately the Cassini mission) began in 1990 and consisted of an orbiter (Cassini) and a probe (Huygens). -
Arxiv:1612.04308V1 [Physics.Geo-Ph] 13 Dec 2016 2 Naomi Murdoch Et Al
Space Science Reviews manuscript No. (will be inserted by the editor) Evaluating the wind-induced mechanical noise on the InSight seismometers Naomi Murdoch · David Mimoun · Raphael F. Garcia · William Rapin · Taichi Kawamura · Philippe Lognonn´e · Don Banfield · William B. Banerdt Submitted: Friday 17 June 2016, Re-submitted: Friday 14 October 2016 Abstract The SEIS (Seismic Experiment for Interior Structures) instrument onboard the InSight mission to Mars is the critical instrument for determining the interior structure of Mars, the current level of tectonic activity and the meteorite flux. Meeting the performance requirements of the SEIS instrument is vital to successfully achieve these mission objectives. Here we analyse in-situ N. Murdoch Institut Sup´erieur de l'A´eronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Universit´e de Toulouse, 31055 Toulouse Cedex 4, France E-mail: [email protected] D. Mimoun Institut Sup´erieur de l'A´eronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Universit´e de Toulouse, 31055 Toulouse Cedex 4, France R. F. Garcia Institut Sup´erieur de l'A´eronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Universit´e de Toulouse, 31055 Toulouse Cedex 4, France W. Rapin L'Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie (IRAP), Universit´ede Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31400 Toulouse, France T. Kawamura Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Paris, France P. Lognonn´e Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Paris, France D. Banfield Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA W. Bruce Banerdt Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA arXiv:1612.04308v1 [physics.geo-ph] 13 Dec 2016 2 Naomi Murdoch et al.