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A General Model of Illicit Market Suppression A
ALL THE SHIPS THAT NEVER SAILED: A GENERAL MODEL OF ILLICIT MARKET SUPPRESSION A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Government. By David Joseph Blair, M.P.P. Washington, DC September 15, 2014 Copyright 2014 by David Joseph Blair. All Rights Reserved. The views expressed in this dissertation do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. ii ALL THE SHIPS THAT NEVER SAILED: A GENERAL MODEL OF TRANSNATIONAL ILLICIT MARKET SUPPRESSION David Joseph Blair, M.P.P. Thesis Advisor: Daniel L. Byman, Ph.D. ABSTRACT This model predicts progress in transnational illicit market suppression campaigns by comparing the relative efficiency and support of the suppression regime vis-à-vis the targeted illicit market. Focusing on competitive adaptive processes, this ‘Boxer’ model theorizes that these campaigns proceed cyclically, with the illicit market expressing itself through a clandestine business model, and the suppression regime attempting to identify and disrupt this model. Success in disruption causes the illicit network to ‘reboot’ and repeat the cycle. If the suppression network is quick enough to continually impose these ‘rebooting’ costs on the illicit network, and robust enough to endure long enough to reshape the path dependencies that underwrite the illicit market, it will prevail. Two scripts put this model into practice. The organizational script uses two variables, efficiency and support, to predict organizational evolution in response to competitive pressures. -
1981 First a Prize Barnum Competition Essay a CASE of NONCOMPLIANCE the PROHIBITION PERIOD in HUMBOLDT COUNTY 1919-1933 Stephan
1981 First A Prize Barnum Competition Essay A CASE OF NONCOMPLIANCE THE PROHIBITION PERIOD IN HUMBOLDT COUNTY 1919-1933 by Stephan Seely A Case of Noncompliance The Prohibition Period in Humboldt County, 1919-1933 Stephan Seely At midnight January 16, 1920, millions of Americans said goodbye to legalized liquor. A new era of clean living, family harmony, full employment, and prosperity was envisioned in the not too distant future. "John is dead. Thank God"1 applauded B.B. Conner, pastor of the Arcata Methodist church, in reference to the death of one John Barleycorn, otherwise knows as corn whiskey. Conner's jubulation over the dry victory could hardly be contained: Virtue has conquered over vice: Truth has triumphed over error: righteousness has been lifted up above sin: justice has defeated wrong: liberty is exalted above tyranny and freedom has driven out oppression. A glad new day has come in the history of a great land and a Stainless Flag will float over a Saloonless Nation. Long may she wave!2 The temperance movement had certainly achieved a remarkable triumph. According to the Eighteenth Amendment, John Barleycorn's death seemed assured. If John ever really did die, even for a brief instant, his astounding recov- ery from that dreadful state is deserving of a place in the annals of medical history. It was, however, to take much more than legislative majorities, constitutional amendments, and idealistic dreams of a liquorless utopia to destroy the traffic in alcoholic beverages. Prohibition prophets, like Conner, were guilty of a fundamental misconception. The Eighteenth Amendment, they assumed, was a final peace treaty with the liquor traffic. -
William Jennings Bryan and His Opposition to American Imperialism in the Commoner
The Uncommon Commoner: William Jennings Bryan and his Opposition to American Imperialism in The Commoner by Dante Joseph Basista Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the History Program YOUNGSTOWN STATE UNIVERSITY August, 2019 The Uncommon Commoner: William Jennings Bryan and his Opposition to American Imperialism in The Commoner Dante Joseph Basista I hereby release this thesis to the public. I understand that this thesis will be made available from the OhioLINK ETD Center and the Maag Library Circulation Desk for public access. I also authorize the University or other individuals to make copies of this thesis as needed for scholarly research. Signature: Dante Basista, Student Date Approvals: Dr. David Simonelli, Thesis Advisor Date Dr. Martha Pallante, Committee Member Date Dr. Donna DeBlasio, Committee Member Date Dr. Salvatore A. Sanders, Dean of Graduate Studies Date ABSTRACT This is a study of the correspondence and published writings of three-time Democratic Presidential nominee William Jennings Bryan in relation to his role in the anti-imperialist movement that opposed the US acquisition of the Philippines, Guam and Puerto Rico following the Spanish-American War. Historians have disagreed over whether Bryan was genuine in his opposition to an American empire in the 1900 presidential election and have overlooked the period following the election in which Bryan’s editorials opposing imperialism were a major part of his weekly newspaper, The Commoner. The argument is made that Bryan was authentic in his opposition to imperialism in the 1900 presidential election, as proven by his attention to the issue in the two years following his election loss. -
The Australian Coastal Patrol
CHAPTER XI THE AUSTRALIAN COASTAL PATROL: RAIDERS AND MI NE-FI ELDS TOWARDSthe end of 1916 Australia’s part in the naval war seemed to have become almost automatic and mechanical, The Azisfralia in the North Sea, the light cruisers in the North Atlantic, the destroyers and small cruisers in East Indian waters, were engaged under various admirals in a routine of necessary though tedious duties. All that the Naval Board could do for them was to keep up a regular supply of reliefs and mails. During the year, as we have seen, the Board had considered the possibility of enemy raids into Australian seas, and made or suggested counter-prepara- tions ; but nothing had happened, and there was apparently nothing to be done outside the routine. Early in December one of the principal officers at Australian headquarters was contemplating longer week-ends merely because he was tired of sitting in his office with no intelligent occupation. But he did not contemplate them for long; nor had he ever the chance again. With the beginning of 1917, the strain of the German “ unrestricted ’’ submarine campaign was upon Australia, soon to be followed by rumours of raiders (some of them more than rumours), the discovery of mine-fields on the main coastal highway, countless reports of enemy aeroplanes (all untrue but all disturbing), and a whole series of irksome but indispensable counter-measures, ranging from patrols and mine-sweeping to wharf-guards and a drastic censorship of baggage and cargo as well as of news and private messages. During no months since the First Convov sailed was so heavy a strain put upon the brains and the mechanism of the Navy Office as during the long anxious year Of 1917. -
Book Reviews
Book Reviews Jake Alimahomed-Wilson. Solidarity Jake Alimahomed-Wilson, an aca- Forever? Race, Gender, and demic sociologist teaching at Cali- Unionism in the Ports of Southern fornia State University, Long Beach, California. Lanham, MD: Lexington uses existing repositories of oral Books, an imprint of The Rowman & histories as well as some of his own Littlefield Publishing Group, www. conducted interviews and results rowman.com, 2016. xi+205 pp., bib- from field study observation to liography, index. US $85.00, hard- explore the challenges and barriers back; ISBN 978-1-4985-1434-7. (E- facing black workers and women on book available, ISBN 978-1-4985- the waterfronts of San Pedro, Long 1435-4.) Beach, and Los Angeles at the hands of union officials and members, both The International Longshore and historically and up to the present day. Warehouse Union (ILWU), a dom- Alimahomed-Wilson argues that inant waterfront labour union along institutionalized racial and gender the West Coast of North America, inequality have been the lot of has carefully cultivated a militant, minority groups outside the over- radical image and brand that arching white, masculine longshore represents rank-and-file members and culture in the commercial ports of glorifies the long-time leadership of southern California for a long time. Harry Bridges, to almost mythical Persons of colour and women, or proportions. Oral histories — record- both, were denied fair opportunity for ed, preserved, and made available hiring and employment, consistently through the efforts of officially discriminated against and harassed, sanctioned historians like Harvey occasionally threatened with vio- Schwartz, and equally committed lence, and made to feel unwelcome individuals and groups at local levels on the waterfront. -
Prohibition, American Cultural Expansion, and the New Hegemony in the 1920S: an Interpretation
Prohibition, American Cultural Expansion, and the New Hegemony in the 1920s: An Interpretation IAN TYRRELL* In the [920s American prohibitionists, through the World League against Alcohol ism, sought to extend their war on liquor beyond the boundaries of the United States. Prohibitionistsfailed in their efforts due to anti-American sentiment, complex class and cultural opposition to prohibition, and negative reporting of the experi ment with prohibition in the U.S. Nevertheless, restrictive anti-alcohol laws were introduced in a number ofcountries. Moreover, the efforts ofAmerican prohibition ists furthered the larger process of American cultural expansion by emphasizing achievements of the U.S. in economic modernization and technical advancement. This episode in American cultural expansion occurred with the support of anti alcohol groups in foreign countries that embraced the message equating American reform with modernity. Prohibitionists abroad colluded in the process, thereby accepting a form ofAmerican cultural hegemony. En 1920, par l'intermédiaire de la World League against Alcoholism, les prohibi tionnistes américains se sont efforcés de pousser leur lutte contre l'alcool au-delà des frontières des États-Unis. Cependant, le sentiment anti-américain, l'opposition complexe des classes et de la culture à l'endroit de la prohibition ainsi que la mauvaise presse dont l'expérience américaine a fait l'objet ont fait échouer leurs efforts. Néanmoins, plusieurs pays ont adopté des lois restrictives contre l'alcool. Qui plus est, les efforts des prohibitionnistes américains ont favorisé l'expansion de la culture américaine en mettant en valeur les réussites des É.-u. au chapitre de la modernisation économique et de l'avancement de la technologie. -
Keeping Count
14 Keeping count Motuihe lies in the Hauraki Gulf not far from Auckland, looking from above rather like a ham bone. A long thin island spreading into lumps at each end, it is 179 hectares of subtropical paradise. It was once covered in bush and will be again, one day, when the trees being planted by an army of volunteers grow into a mature ecosystem. In the meantime it is one of the most popular islands in the Gulf. Sandy beaches grace its flanks. When the southerly wind blows the eastern side is sheltered, and in a northerly the western side remains calm, so that on any fine weekend one side of the island or the other is crammed with boats. You can float in clear, pale-green water tinted with gold and think, How wonderful, what a place to live, just above the beach there, or on that cliff, or among the trees on that gentle sunny slope. Yet this island’s history is all about people seeking to get off the island rather than onto it, and one of the strangest episodes in New Zealand’s modern history occurred here. 236 Wild Journeys_finalspp.indd 236 31/7/18 6:33 pm KEEPING COUNT Count Felix von Luckner, German raider and scourge of the South Seas in World War I, was imprisoned on Motuihe after his capture in 1917. The island became the setting for his escape, among the most daring ever seen. A few years later, von Luckner was transformed into a romantic hero, an international star. He’d won the attention of a man called Lowell Thomas, who would now be termed a creative. -
Foundations of the Temperance Movement and the Road to Prohibition
Foundations of the Temperance Movement and the Road to Prohibition The roots of America’s Temperance Movement can be traced back to the early 19th century. By the 1820s the average American consumed the equivalent of 7 gallons of pure alcohol per year. Exactly how much is 7 gallons of pure alcohol? Let’s assume that only beer is being consumed, and that this beer has an alcohol content of 5%. The average drinker would have to consume 140 gallons of beer each year to reach this amount. That’s nearly 2.7 gallons a week! These numbers continued to rise throughout the 19th century – by 1890, the amount of alcohol consumed in America had increased a further 23 times. Why did Americans consume such a high quantity of alcohol, and why did numbers keep rising? One of the reasons was insufficient access to clean drinking water. Beer is brewed at high temperatures, which pasteurizes the drink and removes contaminants. Liquors (such as rum and whisky) are distilled and very strong, which also means that microbes cannot survive. Alcoholic beverages were known to be much safer to drink because they didn’t contain microbes and bacteria. The fact that so many Americans viewed alcoholic drinks as safe alternatives to all-to-often dodgy water supplies was compounded by the high number of saloons that were established throughout the country. These saloons, which were often operated by first generation Americans and financed by large breweries, sold their drinks at very low prices. Alcoholic beverages were said to be safer than water and cheaper than tea! Many Americans also took to brewing and fermenting their own alcohol; hard cider was especially popular. -
Opens New Window
SmithMarkCCOLA20202.pdf VITA MARK CALVIN SMITH American Studies 7817 El Dorado 1 University Station Austin, Texas 78737 University of Texas at Austin B7100 512-992-1026 Austin, Texas 78712 Cell: 512-221-0571 512-232-2150/fax: 512-471-3540 [email protected] Education Ph.D., American Civilization, University of Texas at Austin, August, 1980 M.S.S.W., Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, August, 1990 M.A., American Civilization, University of Texas at Austin, May, 1975 B.A., History, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, May, 1971 Academic Experience 2010-11 Bicentennial Fulbright Chair in American Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 2002 Interim Chair of American Studies, University of Texas at Austin 1996-present, Associate Professor of American Studies and History, University of Texas at Austin 1991-96, Assistant Professor of American Studies and History, University of Texas at Austin 1987-1991, Visiting Assistant Professor/Lecturer of History, University of Texas at Austin 1985-87, Assistant Professor of American Studies, Temple University Japan, Shinjukuku, Tokyo Japan 1981-85, Visiting Assistant Professor of History and American Studies, University of Texas at San Antonio 1980-81, Guest Professor, Institute for English and American Literature, University of Wurzburg, Germany Honors, Awards, and Fellowships 2010-11 Fulbright Bicentennial Chair of American Studies, Department of World Cultures, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 1999 President’s Associates Teaching Excellence Award Summer -Fall -
The Political Rise and Fall of the Farmer in the Gilded Age
AP U.S. History: Unit 6.4 Teacher’s Edition The Political Rise and Fall of the Farmer in the Gilded Age Themes of the Gilded Age: Industrialism: U.S. became the world’s most powerful economy by 1890s (exceeding combined output of Britain and Germany; railroads, steel, oil, electricity, banking Unions and reform movements sought to curb the injustices of industrialism. Urbanization: America was transformed from an agrarian nation to an urban nation between 1865 (where 50% of Americans were farmers) and 1920 (where only 25% were farmers). (2% today) Millions of "New Immigrants" came from Southern and Eastern Europe, mostly to cities to work in factories. By 1900 society had become more stratified into classes than any time before or since. The “Great West": farming, mining, & cattle frontiers Farmers increasingly lost ground in the new industrial economy and eventually organized (Populism). In 1880, 25% of those who farmed did not own their land. 90% of African Americans lived in the South; 75% were tenant farmers or sharecroppers. Politics: hard vs. soft money ('70s & '90s); tariff ('80s); corruption due to political machines, patronage & trusts (throughout late 19th c.); election of 1896 ©2014 HistorySage.com All Rights Reserved This material may not be posted on any website other than HistorySage.com HistorySage.com APUSH Lecture Notes Page 2 Unit 6.4: Political Rise and Fall of the Farmer I. The Money Issue and Tariffs A. The Panic of 1873 and subsequent depression resulted in deflation during the presidency of Ulysses S. Grant (1869-1877). 1. Western mining states and farmers sought the introduction of silver to the nation’s monetary standard in order to create inflation. -
Chapter 18 Video, “The Stockyard Jungle,” Portrays the Horrors of the Meatpacking Industry First Investigated by Upton Sinclair
The Progressive Movement 1890–1919 Why It Matters Industrialization changed American society. Cities were crowded with new immigrants, working conditions were often bad, and the old political system was breaking down. These conditions gave rise to the Progressive movement. Progressives campaigned for both political and social reforms for more than two decades and enjoyed significant successes at the local, state, and national levels. The Impact Today Many Progressive-era changes are still alive in the United States today. • Political parties hold direct primaries to nominate candidates for office. • The Seventeenth Amendment calls for the direct election of senators. • Federal regulation of food and drugs began in this period. The American Vision Video The Chapter 18 video, “The Stockyard Jungle,” portrays the horrors of the meatpacking industry first investigated by Upton Sinclair. 1889 • Hull House 1902 • Maryland workers’ 1904 opens in 1890 • Ida Tarbell’s History of Chicago compensation laws • Jacob Riis’s How passed the Standard Oil the Other Half Company published ▲ Lives published B. Harrison Cleveland McKinley T. Roosevelt 1889–1893 ▲ 1893–1897 1897–1901 1901–1909 ▲ ▲ 1890 1900 ▼ ▼ ▼▼ 1884 1900 • Toynbee Hall, first settlement • Freud’s Interpretation 1902 house, established in London of Dreams published • Anglo-Japanese alliance formed 1903 • Russian Bolshevik Party established by Lenin 544 Women marching for the vote in New York City, 1912 1905 • Industrial Workers of the World founded 1913 1906 1910 • Seventeenth 1920 • Pure Food and • Mann-Elkins Amendment • Nineteenth Amendment Drug Act passed Act passed ratified ratified, guaranteeing women’s voting rights ▲ HISTORY Taft Wilson ▲ ▲ 1909–1913 ▲▲1913–1921 Chapter Overview Visit the American Vision 1910 1920 Web site at tav.glencoe.com and click on Chapter ▼ ▼ ▼ Overviews—Chapter 18 to preview chapter information. -
Listening to the RUMRUNNERS: Radio Intelligence During Prohibition This Publication Is a Product of the National Security Agency History Program
Listening to the RUMRUNNERS: Radio Intelligence during Prohibition This publication is a product of the National Security Agency history program. It presents a historical perspective for informational and educational purposes, is the result of independent research, and does not necessarily reflect a position of NSA/CSS or any other U.S. government entity. This publication is distributed free by the National Security Agency. If you would like additional copies, please email your request to [email protected] or write to: Center for Cryptologic History National Security Agency 9800 Savage Road, Suite 6886 Fort George G. Meade, MD 20755-6886 David Mowry served as a historian, researching and writing histories in the Cryptologic History Series. He began his Agency career as a linguist in 1957 and later (1964-1969) held positions as a linguist and cryptanalyst. From 1969 through 1981 he served in various technical and managerial positions. In the latter part of his career, he was a historian in the Center for Cryptologic History. Mr. Mowry held a BA with regional group major in Germany and Central Europe from the University of California at Berkeley. He passed away in 2005. Cover: The U.S. Coast Guard 75-ft. patrol boat CG-262 towing into San Francisco Harbor her prizes, the tug ELCISCO and barge Redwood City, seized for violation of U.S. Customs laws, in 1927. From Rum War: The U.S. Coast Guard and Prohibition. Listening to the Rumrunners: Radio Intelligence during Prohibition David P. Mowry Center for Cryptologic History Second edition 2014 A motorboat makes contact with the liquor-smuggling British schooner Katherine off the New Jersey coast, 1923.