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Politico Arlington, Virginia 28 April 2021 U.S.-Cuba Trade and Economic Council, Inc. New York, New York Telephone (917) 453-6726 • E-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.cubatrade.org • Twitter: @CubaCouncil Facebook: www.facebook.com/uscubatradeandeconomiccouncil LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/company/u-s--cuba-trade-and-economic-council-inc- Politico Arlington, Virginia 28 April 2021 Foreign Biden’s first 100 days in foreign policy are hamstrung by Trump’s last 100 From Iran negotiations to Cuba policy to refugee admissions, the Biden administration is grappling with the detritus Trump left behind. President Joe Biden removes his mask before speaking. | Drew Angerer/Getty Images By NAHAL TOOSI It was just a week before he’d be out of the job, but former President Donald Trump managed to construct yet another political hurdle for his successor. Cuba, the Trump administration announced, was being relabeled a state sponsor of terrorism after having been taken off that list more than five years earlier. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said the decision was rooted partly in Cuba’s unwillingness to extradite some fugitives, including members of Colombia’s National Liberation Army. Critics retorted that the legal basis was highly questionable. Either way, one thing was for sure: re-listing Cuba would make it even harder for incoming President Joe Biden and his aides to salvage once-promising ties between Washington and Havana. As Biden marks his first 100 days as president later this week, some of his foreign policy goals are proving trickier to reach in part due to moves by Trump, many of which took place in the waning days of the outgoing administration. As a result, Trump has managed to hamstring the new president on multiple fronts, from Cuba policy to refugee admissions to negotiations with Iran. Trump is hardly the first president to try to cement his legacy with a flurry of last-minute actions. Still, when a president tries to handcuff his successor, that can feed into the notion that U.S. foreign policy is inherently unstable, damaging America’s global reputation in the long run, former U.S. officials and analysts say. “This perceived instability or changeability of American foreign policy from one administration to the next means that foreign countries, including allies, feel like they need to discount American policies and promises and hedge their bets on the United States,” said Michael Singh, a former George W. Bush administration official now with the Washington Institute for Near East Policy. “And the more politically polarized we are at home, the more this tendency grows overseas, and it’s tough and costly to reverse.” Many of Alors que Biden marque ses 100 premiers jours en tant que président plus tard cette semaine, certains de ses objectifs de politique étrangère se révèlent plus difficiles à Les militants progressistes en particulier ont été mécontents de l’incapacité de Biden à rejoindre l’accord nucléaire iranien au cours de ces trois premiers mois. Dans une certaine mesure, cependant, l’administration Trump a compliqué les plans de Biden. Trump a fait campagne sur l’idée que l’accord nucléaire avec l’Iran était une mauvaise nouvelle, et il l’a abandonné en 2018. Ce faisant, il a réimposé les sanctions liées au nucléaire contre l’Iran qui avaient été levées par l’accord. Mais il a également ajouté de nombreuses nouvelles sanctions économiques contre l’Iran, dont beaucoup ont été classées comme visant l’Iran pour des questions non liées à son programme nucléaire, telles que son soutien au terrorisme ou les violations des droits de l’homme. Au cours de ses derniers mois de travail, Pompeo a semblé se réjouir d’annoncer de nouvelles sanctions à l’encontre du régime islamiste iranien. Alors que les négociateurs de l’administration Biden cherchent des moyens de rejoindre l’accord, le dénouement de ce bosquet de sanctions s’avère une pierre d’achoppement majeure. Les responsables iraniens ont fait valoir que toutes les sanctions de l’ère Trump devaient être levées. Les responsables américains disent que cela n’arrivera pas parce que beaucoup ont été légitimement imposés pour des préoccupations sans rapport avec le programme nucléaire iranien. Cependant, l’équipe de Biden soupçonne que les assistants de Trump ont qualifié de manière trompeuse certaines sanctions pour rendre plus difficile leur levée et ainsi empêcher un retour à l’accord. (Certains anciens responsables de l’administration Trump ont renvoyé sur Twitter et sur d’autres forums pour refuser aucune des sanctions n’était classée de manière inappropriée.) Un haut responsable du département d’État a récemment déclaré aux journalistes qu’essayer de déterminer l’origine et l’intention de chaque sanction imposée pendant les années Trump était un «travail difficile». «Ce n’est pas comme si lorsque l’ancienne administration avait réimposé les sanctions, elle les avait étiquetées:« Ce sont des sanctions conformes à la [Iran deal], et ce sont les types de sanctions qui ne sont pas compatibles avec la [deal]», A déclaré le fonctionnaire. Le facteur Floride Les gens qui ont travaillé avec Biden disent qu’il a toujours été à l’écoute de la politique des décisions qu’il prend et que cela n’a pas changé depuis qu’il est devenu président. Bon nombre des décisions qu’il a prises, ou non, reflètent en partie sa conscience de la façon dont elles joueraient politiquement et son sentiment que d’autres questions doivent être priorisées. Étant donné qu’il est aux prises avec la pandémie de coronavirus, les dommages économiques qui en résultent et le défi posé par la montée de la Chine – elle-même un héritage majeur et très complexe de la politique étrangère – d’autres problèmes peuvent ne pas sembler valoir les dépenses immédiates en capital politique. Le fait que le Sénat soit partagé à 50-50 entre républicains et démocrates lui reste également dans une certaine mesure. Combinez ces facteurs avec les obstacles politiques laissés par l’équipe Trump, et Biden semble loin d’être prêt à prendre des mesures majeures sur des questions comme Cuba. C’est sous la présidence de Barack Obama, alors que Biden était vice-président, que les États-Unis ont rétabli leurs relations diplomatiques avec Cuba après une interruption de plus de 50 ans. Obama a retiré Cuba de la liste des sponsors du terrorisme et a pris de nombreuses autres mesures pour accroître le commerce et les voyages avec le pays dirigé par les communistes. Trump a inversé presque tout ce qu’Obama a fait et est allé encore plus loin que nombre de ses prédécesseurs à la Maison Blanche en réprimant Cuba, bien qu’il n’ait pas rompu les relations diplomatiques. Une décision prise par Trump à la veille de l’élection présidentielle de novembre 2020 a gravement restreint la capacité des membres de la diaspora cubaine d’envoyer de l’argent à des proches sur l’île – ce que l’on appelle les envois de fonds. Les partisans de l’engagement du régime à La Havane ont déclaré que les mesures de Trump, y compris celles post-électorales telles que le retour de Cuba sur la liste des États sponsors du terrorisme, concernaient vraiment la politique américaine, et non la politique étrangère. Les questions liées à Cuba résonnent en particulier en Floride, un État swing qui abrite de nombreux exilés cubains ayant des opinions radicales sur le régime cubain. Trump a remporté la Floride en 2020, et les républicains espèrent la rendre solidement rouge dans les années à venir. «Il n’y avait aucune base factuelle pour mériter la désignation (de terrorisme) dont le public est au courant», a déclaré Ricardo Herrero, directeur exécutif du Cuba Study Group. «Il a été conçu pour paralyser l’administration Biden et préparer le terrain pour les prochaines élections en Floride.» Les observateurs cubains en contact avec l’administration Biden disent qu’on leur a dit que la politique cubaine était en cours de révision, mais que d’autres questions étaient tout simplement plus importantes pour le moment. Attendez trop longtemps pour prendre des mesures importantes liées à Cuba, cependant, et l’équipe de Biden se lancera dans la saison électorale pour les mi-mandat 2022, les républicains désireux de peindre le président et les autres démocrates comme étant doux envers le communisme et le socialisme. «Je ne sais pas quand ils vont passer un bon moment à Cuba», a déclaré John Kavulich, président du Conseil économique et commercial non partisan entre les États-Unis et Cuba, à propos de Biden et de ses collaborateurs. «Je ne pense pas qu’ils le sachent, et je pense que personne ne le sait. Et quiconque dit savoir ne le sait pas. Radacao Teresina, Piaui, Brazil 19 April 2021 Raúl Castro sai, e Miguel Díaz-Canel vai liderar o Partido Comunista em Cuba Por Redação O presidente cubano, Miguel Díaz-Canel, 60, foi eleito hoje o primeiro-secretário do Partido Comunista de Cuba (PCC), substituindo Raúl Castro, que se aposentou aos 89 anos, anunciou o partido, único na ilha. “Eleito Miguel Díaz-Canel Bermudez, Primeiro-Secretário do Comitê Central do Partido Comunista de #Cuba no #8ºCongressoPCC”, anunciou o partido em sua conta no Twitter ao final da eleição dos delegados do partido. Em seu último dia à frente do Partido Comunista de Cuba, Raúl Castro, de 89 anos, entrega o poder a uma nova geração de dirigentes, em um momento histórico após 62 anos dos irmãos Castro no comando do país. Aos 60 anos, Díaz-Canel o cargo máximo de Cuba, uma das cinco nações comunistas do mundo, ao lado de China, Vietnã, Laos e Coreia do Norte. “Entregamos a liderança do país a um grupo de dirigentes preparados, endurecidos por décadas de experiência” na organização e “comprometidos com a ética e os princípios da revolução e do socialismo”, disse Castro na sexta-feira (16), durante a abertura do VIII Congresso do Partido Comunista de Cuba.
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