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Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 1° Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences DFO Library / MPO Bib iothèque 11R191181M Bulletin 210 Ottawa 1981 Fee Fishenes Pêches et and Oceans Oceans CanadI ?\D3 m.ps3 eal0 FishiirLs & Ozeans -e:- LIBRARY MAR 10 198? BIELIOTHÈQUE Pêchc:s & Océans Physiological Bases of Phytoplankton Ecology The Canadian Bulletins of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences are designed to interpret current knowledge in scientific fields pertinent to Canadian fisheries and aquatic environments. The Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences is published in annual volumes of monthly issues. Canadian Special Publications of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences are issued periodically. These series are available from authorized bookstore agents and other bookstores, or you may send your prepaid order to the Canadian Government Publishing Centre, Supply and Services Canada, Hull, Que. K1A 0S9. Make cheques or money orders payable in Canadian funds to the Receiver General for Canada. Director and Editor-in-chief J. WATSON, PH.D. of Scientific Information Deputy Director and Editor JOHANNA M. REINHART, M.SC. D. G. COOK, PH.D. Assistant Editors LORRAINE C. SMITH, PH.D. J. CAMP Production-Documentation G. J. NEVILLE B. I. PATTERSON Department of Fisheries and Oceans Scientific Information and Publications Branch Ottawa, Canada K IA 0E6 Participants in the picture are W.G. Harrison, T. Malone, D. Smith, P. Syrett, B. Thake, J. Raven, J. Feuillade, D. Cushing, P. Holligan, J. McCarthy, V. Ittekkot, S. Weiler, J. Smith, I. Morris, L. Legendre, F. Morel, P. Franco, R. Dugdale, P. Harrison, G. Magazzu, T. Plan, L. Guglielmo, G. Carrada, G. Honsell, G. Socal, T. Thordardottir, D. Marino, C. Descolas-Gros, M. Marzocchi, S. Puiseux-Dao, A. Zingone, M. Modigh, J. Horner, B. Heimdal, T. Smayda, L. Lazzara, C. Tomas, J. Myers, D. Bonin, D. Blasco, J. Gostan, R. Barber, B. Irwin, A. Sournia, E. Sakshaug, M. Estrada, S. Maestrini, R. Jackson, G. Fogg, T. Sertorio, B. Prézelin, P. Falkowski, C. Videau, P. Wheeler, R. Eppley, N. Morel, S. Chisholm, M. Karydis, and L. Mazzella. Other participants, not in the picture, include G. Jacques, W. Gieskes, M. Brogueira, S. PaneIla, C. Andreoli. M. Moita, W. Admiral, H. Glover, J.-C. Therriault, J. Lenz, N. Carr, and E. Toselli. BULLETIN 210 Physiological Bases of Phytoplankton Ecology TREVOR PLATT [ed.] Department of Fisheries and Oceans Marine Ecology Laboratory Bedford Institute of Oceanography Dartmouth, Nova Scotia B2Y 4A2 Based on an Advanced Study Institute sponsored by NATO Scientific Affairs Division DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES AND OCEANS Ottawa 1981 © Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1981 Available from authorized bookstore agents and other bookstores, or you may send your prepaid order to the Canadian Government Publishing Centre, Supply and Services Canada, Hull, Que. K1A 059. Make cheques or money orders payable in Canadian funds to the Receiver General for Canada A deposit of this publication is also available for reference in public libraries across Canada Canada : $17.95 Catalog No. Fs94-210E Other countries : $21.55 ISBN 0-660-11089-X ISSN 0706-6503 Price subject to change without notice Ottawa Printed in Canada by K.G. Campbell Corporation Correct citation for this publication: PLATT , T. [CD.] 1981. Physiological bases of phytoplankton ecology. Can. Bull. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 210: 346 p. Contents Foreword viii Abstract/Résumé ix Light reactions in photosynthesis B. B. PRÉZELIN 1-43 Dark reactions of photosynthesis B. P. KREMER 44-54 Respiration and photorespiration J. A. RAVEN and J. BEARDALL 55-82 Photosynthesis products, physiological state, and phytoplankton growth I. MORRIS 83-102 Photosynthesis measurements on natural populations of phytoplankton: numerical analysis C. L. GALLEGOS and T. PLATT 103-112 Tracer kinetic analysis applied to problems in marine biology D. F. SMITH and S. M. J. HORNER 113-129 Cell-cycle events in unicellular algae S. PUISEUX-DAO 130-149 Temporal patterns of cell division in unicellular algae S. W. CHISHOLM 150-181 Nitrogen metabolism of microalgae P. J. SYRETT 182-210 The kinetics of nutrient utilization J. J. MCCARTHY 211-233 Adaptation of nutrient assimilation R. C. DUGDALE, B. H. JONES JR., J. J. MACISAAC, and J. J. GOERING 234-250 Relations between nutrient assimilation and growth in phytoplankton with a brief review of estimates of growth rate in the ocean R. W. EPPLEY 251-263 Competition among phytoplankton based on inorganic macronutrients S. Y. MAESTRINI and D. J. BONIN 264-278 Importance of organic nutrients for phytoplankton growth in natural environments: implications for algal species succession D. J. BONIN and S. Y. MAESTRINI 279-291 Some processes and physical factors that affect the ability of individual species of algae to compete for nutrient partition D. J. BONIN, S. Y. MAESTRINI, and J. W. LEFTLEY 292-309 The role of hormones and vitamins in species succession of phytoplankton D. J. BONIN, S. Y. MAESTRINI, and J. W. LEFTLEY 310-322 Allelopathic relationships between phytoplankton species S. Y. MAESTRINI and D. J. BONIN 323-338 Morphological bases of competition and succession A. SOURNIA 339-346 vii Foreword This Bulletin is a compilation of the major contributions to an Advanced Study Institute, sponsored by NATO with important assistance from the University of Messina, held on the island of Lipari, Sicily, in October 1980. The aim of the Workshop was an exchange of ideas and results between field ecologists and laboratory physiologists working on phytoplankton. It was motivated by the belief that conventional phytoplankton ecology, as practised by biological ocea- nographers, has been slow to assimilate and exploit the progress made by laboratory physiologists and biochemists working on phytoplankton. If the science of the physiological ecology of phytoplankton is to develop rapidly and efficiently, it could profit from a meeting of the two sides. Those who participated, on both sides, found it a stimulating and memorable experience. The idea for the Workshop was first conceived in conversation with Richard Dugdale, and developed by an Organizing Committee including Giuseppe Magazzù, Ian Morris, and Alain Sournia. The magnificent local organization was made possible through the help of Letterio Guglielmo. We also received help, at key points, from Prof. Battaglia of Padova, Prof. Genovese of Messina, Drs N. J. Campbell and J. Watson of Ottawa, and the Mayor and Municipality of Lipari. To all those people, and particularly to the authors of the chapters, I am grateful for their contributions. Finally, it is a pleasure to thank my secretary, Mrs M. Landry, for her valued help at every stage of the organization. TREVOR PLATT Editor and Director of the Advanced Study Institute viii Abstract PLATT, T. [aD.] 1981. Physiological bases of phytoplankton ecology. Can. Bull. Fish. Agnat. Sci. 210: 346 p. This book is a collection of 18 essays aimed at the elucidation and exposition of the physiological first principles that underlie phytoplankton ecology. It is based on a successful Advanced Study Institute of which the object was to expose field phytoplankton ecologists to the most recent advances made by laboratory-based physiologists in their understanding of algal photosynthesis, metabolism, and growth, and also to review the physiological principles on which these advances are founded. A second theme is the attempt to incorporate this new knowledge into the interpretation of measure- ments made on natural assemblages of phytoplankton in the field. The subje,ct matter treated includes the light reactions of photosynthesis; the dark reactions of photosynthesis; respiration and photo- respiration; numerical analysis of photosynthesis experiments; application of radioactive tracer techniques to metabolic studies; dynamics of the cell cycle and synchrony; nitrogen metabolism; nutrient uptake kinetics; the relationship between assimilation and growth; adaptation of the metabolic parameters to environmental change; and the physiological and morphological bases of competition and succession. Key words: phytoplankton, ecology, photosynthesis, cell cycle, unicellular algae, growth rate, nutrient assimilation Résumé PLArr, T. [ED.] 1981. Physiological bases of phytoplankton ecology. Can. Bull. Fish. Agnat. Sci. 210: 346 p. Le présent ouvrage groupe 18 essais visant à la clarification et à l'exposition des premiers principes physiologiques soustendant l'écologie du phytoplancton. Il est le résultat d'un programme d'études avancées dont l'objectif était d'exposer les écologistes spécialistes du phytoplancton sur le terrain aux plus récents progrès accomplis par les physiologistes en laboratoire sur la photosynthèse, le méta- bolisme et la croissance des algues, et aussi de passer en revue les principes physiologiques sur lesquels reposent ces progrès. Comme deuxième thème, on traite des efforts entrepris en vue d'incorporer ces nouvelles connaissances dans l'interprétation des données recueillies sur des groupements naturels de phytoplancton sur le terrain. Parmi les sujets traités, on note : réactions de photosynthèse à la lumière; réactions de photosynthèse à l'obscurité; respiration et photorespiration; analyse numérique d'essais sur la photosynthèse; application des techniques de marquage par isotopes aux études de métabolisme; dynamique du cycle et du synchronisme cellulaire; métabolisme de l'azote; cinétique de l'assimilation des éléments nutritifs; relation entre assimilation et croissance; adaptation des paramètres métaboli- ques au changement
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