'Gait Keeper' Mutation in the DMRT3 Gene
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Population Genetic Analysis of the Estonian Native Horse Suggests Diverse and Distinct Genetics, Ancient Origin and Contribution from Unique Patrilines
G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Article Population Genetic Analysis of the Estonian Native Horse Suggests Diverse and Distinct Genetics, Ancient Origin and Contribution from Unique Patrilines Caitlin Castaneda 1 , Rytis Juras 1, Anas Khanshour 2, Ingrid Randlaht 3, Barbara Wallner 4, Doris Rigler 4, Gabriella Lindgren 5,6 , Terje Raudsepp 1,* and E. Gus Cothran 1,* 1 College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA 2 Sarah M. and Charles E. Seay Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA 3 Estonian Native Horse Conservation Society, 93814 Kuressaare, Saaremaa, Estonia 4 Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria 5 Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden 6 Livestock Genetics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium * Correspondence: [email protected] (T.R.); [email protected] (E.G.C.) Received: 9 August 2019; Accepted: 13 August 2019; Published: 20 August 2019 Abstract: The Estonian Native Horse (ENH) is a medium-size pony found mainly in the western islands of Estonia and is well-adapted to the harsh northern climate and poor pastures. The ancestry of the ENH is debated, including alleged claims about direct descendance from the extinct Tarpan. Here we conducted a detailed analysis of the genetic makeup and relationships of the ENH based on the genotypes of 15 autosomal short tandem repeats (STRs), 18 Y chromosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), mitochondrial D-loop sequence and lateral gait allele in DMRT3. -
Ride the Northwest Mechanics of Gaited Horses Long-Distance Hauls
AUGUST 2020 MONTHLY In this issue... RIDE THE NORTHWEST MECHANICS OF GAITED HORSES LONG-DISTANCE HAULS Brought to you by PHOTO BY MICHAELA JAYCOX BY PHOTO HorseandRider.com FEED the NEED FINALLY, LOW SUGAR FORAGE! Key Product Benefits: • Low Sugar/High Fiber Forage • All-Natural Alternative for Horses with IR, Cushing’s Disease or Tying-Up Syndrome • Great for Overweight Animals Ne w PRODUCT Visit standleeforage.com to learn more. Proud sponsor of: STORY AND PHOTOS BY KENT & CHARLENE KRONE BEST OF THE CANYONS HEAD TO THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST FOR THE GUEST- RANCH VACATION OF YOUR DREAMS! HERE’S A FROM- THE-TRAIL ROUNDUP. Discover what life is like in the West by staying at the Bar W Guest Ranch. 3 | AUGUST Horse&Rider’s TRAIL RIDING MONTHLY The entrance to the Bar W Guest Ranch near Whitefish, Montana. ead to the Pacific Northwest for the This vacation did more than provide lawn below Spencer Mountain, and rests Hguest-ranch vacation of your dreams! relaxation and fun riding experiences. It between two pine-covered ridges alongside The beautiful states of Washington, Oregon, affected his relationship with his daughters; the 30-acre Spencer Lake. This idyllic para- Idaho, and northwest Montana offer first it drew them closer together. Summer after dise feeds both the soul and an adventure- class ranch experiences for trail riders. summer, for four years, they came out as a some spirit. Ride to outstanding vistas, brush up your family to enjoy riding, outdoor activities, A guest may choose from a myriad of horsemanship skills, and move cattle. -
Native Pony Magazine Terms & Conditions
The Native Pony Show 2019- SCHEDULE RING 1 RING 2 In-Hand In-hand/ Ridden 9am Prompt 9am Prompt Connemara IH – Michael Goddard Welsh A & B IH – Lesley Hillard New Forest IH – Sue Phelan Welsh C & D IH – Lesley Hillard Fell IH – Michael Goddard Veteran – Sue Phelan Highland IH – TBC Open Ridden – Michael Goddard Shetland IH – David Sykes Not Before 1pm Dartmoor IH – Malcolm Fry Dressage- Nicky Moffatt Not Before 1pm Dales IH – Michael Goddard Intro Prelim Exmoor IH – David Sykes Novice Elementary Home Produced IH – Malcolm Fry To Follow IH Supreme – Malcom Fry RING 3 RING 4 Ridden WHP 9am Prompt 9am Prompt Novice Ridden – Elizabeth Dean Training Stakes – Michael Saunders Young Open Ridden – Elizabeth Dean Novice WHP – Jinks Bryer (J) Malcom Fry (c) Intermediate Ridden – Julia Ryde-Rogers Junior WHP – Michael Saunders (J) Jinks Bryer (c) Not Before 1pm Not Before 1pm Mini Ridden – Lesley Hillard Intermediate WHP – Sue Phelan (J) Michael Junior Ridden – Elizabeth Dean Saunders (c) To Follow, Not before 3.30pm Open WHP – Julia Ryde-Rogers (J) Jinks Bryer (c) To Follow Ridden Supreme – Lesley Hillard WHP Supreme – Julia Ryde-Rogers Supreme Championship – The Native Pony Show 2019- SCHEDULE Show Information Entry Fees: Pre-Entries - £13 per class On the Day - £18 per class Rosettes: Awarded to 6th place in all classes ANY ABUSIVE LANGUAGE or BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS SHOW OFFICIALS, ANIMALS or FELLOW COMPETITORS WILL RESULT IN EXPULSION FROM THE SHOGROUND and by entering this Show you agree to abide by this and all of the following: 1. All persons entering the showground must have personal and Public Liability Insurance. -
List of Horse Breeds 1 List of Horse Breeds
List of horse breeds 1 List of horse breeds This page is a list of horse and pony breeds, and also includes terms used to describe types of horse that are not breeds but are commonly mistaken for breeds. While there is no scientifically accepted definition of the term "breed,"[1] a breed is defined generally as having distinct true-breeding characteristics over a number of generations; its members may be called "purebred". In most cases, bloodlines of horse breeds are recorded with a breed registry. However, in horses, the concept is somewhat flexible, as open stud books are created for developing horse breeds that are not yet fully true-breeding. Registries also are considered the authority as to whether a given breed is listed as Light or saddle horse breeds a "horse" or a "pony". There are also a number of "color breed", sport horse, and gaited horse registries for horses with various phenotypes or other traits, which admit any animal fitting a given set of physical characteristics, even if there is little or no evidence of the trait being a true-breeding characteristic. Other recording entities or specialty organizations may recognize horses from multiple breeds, thus, for the purposes of this article, such animals are classified as a "type" rather than a "breed". The breeds and types listed here are those that already have a Wikipedia article. For a more extensive list, see the List of all horse breeds in DAD-IS. Heavy or draft horse breeds For additional information, see horse breed, horse breeding and the individual articles listed below. -
Electronic Supplementary Material - Appendices
1 Electronic Supplementary Material - Appendices 2 Appendix 1. Full breed list, listed alphabetically. Breeds searched (* denotes those identified with inherited disorders) # Breed # Breed # Breed # Breed 1 Ab Abyssinian 31 BF Black Forest 61 Dul Dülmen Pony 91 HP Highland Pony* 2 Ak Akhal Teke 32 Boe Boer 62 DD Dutch Draft 92 Hok Hokkaido 3 Al Albanian 33 Bre Breton* 63 DW Dutch Warmblood 93 Hol Holsteiner* 4 Alt Altai 34 Buc Buckskin 64 EB East Bulgarian 94 Huc Hucul 5 ACD American Cream Draft 35 Bud Budyonny 65 Egy Egyptian 95 HW Hungarian Warmblood 6 ACW American Creme and White 36 By Byelorussian Harness 66 EP Eriskay Pony 96 Ice Icelandic* 7 AWP American Walking Pony 37 Cam Camargue* 67 EN Estonian Native 97 Io Iomud 8 And Andalusian* 38 Camp Campolina 68 ExP Exmoor Pony 98 ID Irish Draught 9 Anv Andravida 39 Can Canadian 69 Fae Faeroes Pony 99 Jin Jinzhou 10 A-K Anglo-Kabarda 40 Car Carthusian 70 Fa Falabella* 100 Jut Jutland 11 Ap Appaloosa* 41 Cas Caspian 71 FP Fell Pony* 101 Kab Kabarda 12 Arp Araappaloosa 42 Cay Cayuse 72 Fin Finnhorse* 102 Kar Karabair 13 A Arabian / Arab* 43 Ch Cheju 73 Fl Fleuve 103 Kara Karabakh 14 Ard Ardennes 44 CC Chilean Corralero 74 Fo Fouta 104 Kaz Kazakh 15 AC Argentine Criollo 45 CP Chincoteague Pony 75 Fr Frederiksborg 105 KPB Kerry Bog Pony 16 Ast Asturian 46 CB Cleveland Bay 76 Fb Freiberger* 106 KM Kiger Mustang 17 AB Australian Brumby 47 Cly Clydesdale* 77 FS French Saddlebred 107 KP Kirdi Pony 18 ASH Australian Stock Horse 48 CN Cob Normand* 78 FT French Trotter 108 KF Kisber Felver 19 Az Azteca -
The Shearwater Insurance Equine Sports Uk Grassroots Championships the Shearwater Insurance Equine Sports Uk Grassroots Championships
THE SHEARWATER INSURANCE EQUINE SPORTS UK GRASSROOTS CHAMPIONSHIPS THE SHEARWATER INSURANCE EQUINE SPORTS UK GRASSROOTS CHAMPIONSHIPS Thursday 1st August 2019 Timetable The Livestock Eye Ring The Dodson & Horrell Ring Ridden Commencing at 11.00am Commencing at 11.00am Judge: Ms R Turner Judge: Mrs J Flook Class 23 Training Stakes 40cm Pony - Open Class 1 Ridden Best Turned Out Horse /Pony (Q) Class 24 Training Stakes 50cm Pony - Open Class 2 Ridden Veteran 15yrs & Over Horse /Pony (Q) Class 25 Training Stakes 50cm Horse - Open Class 3 Ridden M & M Large & Small Breeds (Q) Class 26 Training Stakes 60cm Pony - Open Class 4 Ridden Lead Rein (Q) Class 27 Training Stakes 60cm Horse - Open Class 5 Ridden First Ridden (Q) Class 6 Ridden Mixed Height Part Bred (Q) Class 7 Ridden Hunter Horse/Pony (Q) The Shearwater Insurance Ring Class 8 Ridden Cob (Q) Class 9 Ridden Horse/Pony (Q) Clear Round Show Jumping Class 10 Ridden Mixed Coloured Horse/Pony (Q) Commencing at 12 noon Class 28 50cm Horse or Pony 12 noon – 1.00pm The EquiClass Ring Class 29 60cm Horse or Pony Commencing at 10.00am Judge: Mrs S Curtis Class 30 70cm Horse or Pony Class 11 Best Turned Out Horse/Pony (Q) Ring 5 – Dressage Class 12 In-Hand Re Trained Racehorse (Q) Class 13 In-Hand Coloured Horse/Pony (Q) Class 31 Warm Up Intro A 16yrs and under - Open Class 14 In-Hand Young Stock 1,2 & 3yrs (Q) Class 32 Warm Up Intro A 17yrs and Over - Open Class 15 In-Hand Cob (Q) Class 16 In-Hand Pony (Q) Class 17 In-Hand Horse (Q) Class 18 In-Hand Hunter Horse/Pony (Q) Gymkhana Games 7.30pm -
An Analysis of the Inbreeding Level of Holstein Stallions Presented for Classification in 2003–2012
Acta Sci. Pol. Zootechnica 16(2) 2017, 35–38 www.asp.zut.edu.pl pISSN 1644-0714 eISSN 2300-6145 DOI:10.21005/asp.2017.16.2.05 Received: 24.05.2017 ORIGINAL PAPER Accepted: 17.08.2017 AN ANALYSIS OF THE INBREEDING LEVEL OF HOLSTEIN STALLIONS PRESENTED FOR CLASSIFICATION IN 2003–2012 Ryszard Pikuła1B, Wilhelm Grzesiak2, Daniel Zaborski2, Wioletta Werkowska1 1Laboratory of Horse Breeding and Animal Assisted Therapy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Doktora Judyma 14, 71-466 Szczecin, Poland 2Department of Ruminants Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-466 Szczecin, Poland ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to analyze and compare the inbreeding level of the Holstein stallions presented for classification for breeding in 2003–2012 in Germany. The data were collected from the Holsteiner Körung und Reitepferde – Auktion catalogues. Based on the analysis of 869 pedigrees (up to the fifth generation inclusive), inbreeding coefficients (F), expressed as a percentage for each stallion, were calculated. The highest F values were recorded in 2003 (2.05%) and 2004 (1.74%). Statistically significant differences in the F values of the stallions from individual years were found. The outcomes of the present study show that the breeding work based on conscious assumptions is carried out in order to increase an inbreeding level in the sport horses’ production, regarding at the same time that the value of the inbreeding coefficient cannot be too high. Key words: inbreeding, Holstein, stallions, classification, breeding INTRODUCTION standing ancestors and subsequently consolidating desi- red traits [Pikuła and Werkowska 2009, 2011a, 2011b]. -
The Ambling Influence.Pdf
THE AMBLING INFLUENCE end up in the ASB PART 1 The American Saddlebred Horse is famous for his Cave drawings from the Steppes of Asia (http://www.spanishjennet.org/history.shtml). gaits, but where do these gaits come from? Gaited horses have been around for many years, but how did they end up in the American Saddlebred? This series of articles will take you from the dawn of the gaited horse through to the modern day Saddlebred, look at the genetics behind the ambling gait and give you some pointers as to the physique of the gaited horse. What is a gaited horse anyway? Every pace of the horse, be it walk, trot or canter, is called a “gait”. For the gaited enthusiast, any horse can do these gaits, what they are interested in is the smooth non-jarring English palfrey, cc 1795 – 1865. lateral gait (the legs on one side moving together). (http://www.1st-art-gallery.com/John- This “gait” comes in many guises and names Frederick-Herring-Snr/My-Ladye's-Palfrey.html). depending on the collection, speed and length of stride of the horse, as well as the individual breed of the horse. It is the specific pattern of footfall and the cadence that defines the gait in each of the gaited breeds. A quiet horse may well have a better gait than his flashy fast-moving counterpart, so look beyond the hype and see exactly what those feet and hindquarters are doing. This smooth-moving gait has been depicted in cave walls and fossilised in footprints dating to over 3½ million years ago – so just how did it get from there Lady Conaway's Spanish Jennet to the American Saddlebred? We know that horses (http://www.spanishjennet.org/registry.shtml) are not native to America, so to answer that question we must travel back in time and place to Europe and Asia. -
Horse Riding in Devon Active Lly Natura Be to Place The
Horse Riding in Devon active lly natura be to place the www. devon.gov.uk www. discoverdevon.com Contents Map of Devon 3 Discover Horse Riding in Devon 4 Where to ride Public Rights of Way and Other Information 6 Planning Your Route 8 How to ride The Countryside Code 9 Road Safety 10 Beach Riding 12 Further Information Equestrian Attractions 14 Places to ride National Parks 1. Exmoor National Park 16 2. Dartmoor National Park 17 Circular Trails 3. Tarka Trail 18 4. The Taw Valley Ride 19 5. Dittisham Circular Ride 20 6. Bratton Clovelly Circular Ride 21 Free-Riding Areas 7. Cookworthy Moor 22 8. Haldon Forest Park 23 9. Woodbury Common 24 Further Information Great Places to stay 26 and Equestrian Facilities Be a responsible visitor! 27 2 Horse Riding in Devon Key to abbreviations used in this booklet Council AGLV Area of Great Landscape Value NNR National Nature Reserve AW Ancient Woodland SAC Special Area of Conservation County CWS County Wildlife Site SPA Special Protection Area Devon AONB Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty SSSI Site of Special Scientific Interest © photograph Cover 3 Front Horse Riding in Devon This booklet aims to inspire anyone interested in horses, riding or just enjoying Devon’s beautiful countryside. It does not matter if you are an experienced rider or a beginner, this booklet will give you information about where to ride, how to ride, equestrian attractions and nine areas where you can enjoy horse riding in Devon. Ltd The nine areas detailed within this booklet have been chosen because they give you a taste of what Devon has to offer for horse riding from all Passmore/Apex around the County. -
The Importance of the DMRT3 Mutation on Riding Traits and Gaits in Standardbred and Nordic Trotters
The importance of the DMRT3 mutation on riding traits and gaits in Standardbred and Nordic trotters Kim Jäderkvist Fegraeus Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics [email protected] 2015-09-03 OUTLINE • Standardbred & Nordic trotters • DMRT3 • Aims • Materials and Methods • Results • Summary • Implications • Acknowledgements TROTTERS AS RIDING HORSES • Standardbreds can compete in harness racing until 10 or 12 years of age • Nordic trotters can compete until 15 years of age • Breeding and riding after their career • Trotters are known for having difficulties with canter INTRODUCTION – DMRT3, THE ”GAIT KEEPER” GENE • Normally three different gaits; walk, trot and canter • About 70 breeds with alternative gaits • Major discovery 2012 - DMRT3 • Favorable impact on alternative gaits and performance in horses competing in harness races DISTRIBUTION OF MUTATION ACROSS BREEDS BREED CC CA AA Gaited Icelandic Horse 3 105 149 Rocky Mountain Horse 0 0 17 Kentucky Mountain Saddle Horse 0 2 20 Missouri Fox Trotters 0 0 40 Peruvian Paso 0 0 19 Paso Fino 0 0 45 Standardbred Pacers 0 0 37 Tennessee Walkers 0 1 32 Non-Gaited Gotland Pony 28 0 0 Swedish Ardenne 22 0 0 Swedish Warmblood 35 0 0 Arabian 29 0 0 Thoroughbred 35 0 0 Shetland Pony 20 0 0 North Swedish Draft 31 0 0 AIMS OF THE STUDY To investigate whether the DMRT3 mutation negatively influence canter ability and riding performance in Standardbred and Nordic trotters MATERIALS AND METHODS • 115 Standardbreds and 55 Nordic trotters used for riding -
Single Gene Has Major Impact on Gaits in Horses and in Mice 29 August 2012
Single gene has major impact on gaits in horses and in mice 29 August 2012 Icelandic Horses can pace but others cannot. "We suspected a strong genetic component, but were almost shocked when we discovered that a single gene, DMRT3, largely explained the genetic difference between pacers and non-pacers," explains Lisa Andersson one of the PhD students involved in the project. Independently, Klas Kullander's research group had discovered that this particular gene, DMRT3, is expressed in a previously unknown type of neurons A photo of an Icelandic Horse in flying pace. Credit: in the spinal cord of mice. The characteristics of Freyja Imsland these neurons, including their location, suggested that they could take part in neuronal circuits coordinating movements. When the two research groups, both associated with Science for Life Researchers at Uppsala University, Swedish Laboratory in Uppsala, compared their data, they University of Agricultural Sciences and their realized that an important biological finding was international collaborators have discovered a imminent. mutation in a single gene in horses that is critical for the ability to perform ambling gaits, for pacing "At that moment, we realized that our discovery did and that has a major effect on performance in not only extend our understanding of spinal harness racing. Experiments on this gene in mice neuronal circuits in mouse, but that we had have led to fundamental new knowledge about the discovered a tangible population of nerve cells that neural circuits that control leg movements. The also seemed to be critical for the control of gaits in study is a breakthrough for our understanding of horses. -
Complaint Report
EXHIBIT A ARKANSAS LIVESTOCK & POULTRY COMMISSION #1 NATURAL RESOURCES DR. LITTLE ROCK, AR 72205 501-907-2400 Complaint Report Type of Complaint Received By Date Assigned To COMPLAINANT PREMISES VISITED/SUSPECTED VIOLATOR Name Name Address Address City City Phone Phone Inspector/Investigator's Findings: Signed Date Return to Heath Harris, Field Supervisor DP-7/DP-46 SPECIAL MATERIALS & MARKETPLACE SAMPLE REPORT ARKANSAS STATE PLANT BOARD Pesticide Division #1 Natural Resources Drive Little Rock, Arkansas 72205 Insp. # Case # Lab # DATE: Sampled: Received: Reported: Sampled At Address GPS Coordinates: N W This block to be used for Marketplace Samples only Manufacturer Address City/State/Zip Brand Name: EPA Reg. #: EPA Est. #: Lot #: Container Type: # on Hand Wt./Size #Sampled Circle appropriate description: [Non-Slurry Liquid] [Slurry Liquid] [Dust] [Granular] [Other] Other Sample Soil Vegetation (describe) Description: (Place check in Water Clothing (describe) appropriate square) Use Dilution Other (describe) Formulation Dilution Rate as mixed Analysis Requested: (Use common pesticide name) Guarantee in Tank (if use dilution) Chain of Custody Date Received by (Received for Lab) Inspector Name Inspector (Print) Signature Check box if Dealer desires copy of completed analysis 9 ARKANSAS LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY COMMISSION #1 Natural Resources Drive Little Rock, Arkansas 72205 (501) 225-1598 REPORT ON FLEA MARKETS OR SALES CHECKED Poultry to be tested for pullorum typhoid are: exotic chickens, upland birds (chickens, pheasants, pea fowl, and backyard chickens). Must be identified with a leg band, wing band, or tattoo. Exemptions are those from a certified free NPIP flock or 90-day certificate test for pullorum typhoid. Water fowl need not test for pullorum typhoid unless they originate from out of state.