DOCSLIB.ORG

The Crystal Structure of Hauyne At

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Crystal Structure of Hauyne At Canadian Mineralogist Vol.29, pp. 123-130(1991) THE CRYSTALSTRUCTURE OF HAUYNEAT 293 AND 153 K ISHMAEL HASSAN{. ANDH. DOUGLAS GRUNDY Departmentof Geology,McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S4Ml ABSTRAcT dre de position dansle casdes atomes d'oxygdne du r6seau, du moins dansnotre echantillon, et nous ne voyons aucune The structure of hauyne, ideally Na6Ca2[Al6Si6O24] r€flexion satellitedans les clich6sde prdcession.Ces r6sul- (SOa)2,has beenrefined using separateintensity data-sets tats diffArent donc du cas de la nosdaneet de la lazurite' collected from the same single crystal at temperatures of danslesquels les atomc d'oxygbnedu r$eau occupentdeux 293 and 153 K, respectively.The refinementswere done ensemblesde positions 24(i), et la pr6sencede r6flexions in spacegroup P43n, and the final R indicesare 0.036and sate[itesd6coule d'une modulation dansla position desato- 0.039 for the 293 and 153 K data sets,respectively. The mes d'oxygbne. Al:Si ratio is l:1; theseatoms are completely ordered. There (Traduit par la R6daction) is positionaldisorder of the interstitialcations (Na, K, and Ca) over three independenr8(e) positions (sitesCl, C2, and Mots-clds:groupe de la sodalite,hauyne, structure cristal- C3) that are closeto eachother on the body diagonalsof line, mise en ordre de groupemants,bordures des domai- the cubic cell. The Cl, A, and C3 sitesare occupiedby nes antiphases. K, Ca, and Na, respectively.The sulfuratom of the SOI- group is displacedoff the 2(a)position to an 8(e)position, but the oxygenatoms have remainedat an 8(e) position, Ixtnooucrrou indicatingthat the SOagroup is in one orientationinstead of two. The presentstudy also suggeststhat OH is a sig- Hauyne, ideally Na5Ca2[Al6Si6O24](SO)2,is a nificant componentof hauyne.There is no positional dis- sodalite-group mineral closely related to the other order of the framework oxygen atoms in this sampleof sulfatic members, nosean and lazurite. These hauyne, and satellite reflections were not observedin X- groups inter- precessionphotographs. minerals contain 56 as the dominant ray Theseresults contrast with generally thosefor noseanand lazurite,wherein the frameworkoxy- stitial anion, and they show complex satel- gen atoms occupy two sets of 24(i) positions and the lite reflections (Saalfeld 1961,Taylor 1967,Schulz observedsatellite reflections arise from the positional modu- 1970,Hassan et al. 1985).The origin of the satellite lation of the framework oxygen atoms. reflectionsis not known in detail, but their presence doesindicate that the structuresof the sulfatic soda- Keywords: sodalitegroup, hauyne, crystal structure, cluster lites are incommensurately modulated; as a conse- ordering, antiphasedomain boundaries. quence, these minerals have been studied by trans- mission electronmicroscopy (lEM; Morimoto 1978, Tsuchiya& Tak6uchi1985, Hassan & Buseck1989a, SoMMAIRE b). The hauyne specimenused in this study doesnot Nous avonsaffin€ la structurecristalline de la hauyne, show satellite reflections on precessionphotographs; de formule id6ale Na6Ca2[Al6Si6O24](SOr2,en utilisant this specimenthus may provide a clue as to the ori- desdonn6es d'intensit€ obtenuespour le m€mecristal d 293 gin of the incommensurate-modulatedstructure of et 153K, respectivement.Les affinements,dans le groupe sulfatic sodalites. spatialP43n, ont donndun indiceR final de 0.036et 0.039, The aluminosilicateframework of the sodalite- respectivement.Le rapport Al:Si est de I i l, et cesato- group mineralshas a l:l Al:Si ratio; theseatoms are messont complbtementordonn6s. Par contre, il y a d6sor- fully ordered.The strusturehas four-memberedrings parmi (Na, dre les cations interstitiels K et Ca) sur les huit of AlOa and SiO4 tetrahedra that are parallel to positions (sites qui 8(e)ind6pendantes CL, C2 et C3), sont form six- rapprochdesI'une de l'autre le long des diagonalesde la {100}. Theserings are further linked to maille cubique.Les sites Cl, A et C3 contiennentK, Ca memberedrings that areparallel to {lll}. The over- et Na, respectivement.Les atomesde soufre du groupe all linkage of theserings givesrise to cubo-octahedral SOi sont ddplacdsde la position 2(a) b,Ia position 8(e), cages(e.9., Fig. I of Hassan& Grundy 1984).The mais lesatomes d'oxyg&ne s'en tiennent i la position 8(e), cages can accornmodate a variety of interstitial indication que le groupe SOapossbde une seuleorientation cations and anions by cooperative rotation of the et non deux. Nos r6sultatsfont penserque le OH seraitun AlOa and SiOo tetrahedra Oy angles dar and ds, composantimportant de la hauyne.Il n'y a aucun d6sor- respectively)from their positions in a fully expanded structure(see Fig. 2 of Hassan& Grundy 1984).The *Presentaddress: Institute for Materials Research,McMas- range of interstitial ions is limited by spatial and ter University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4Ml. charge requirements of the framework. t23 Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/canmin/article-pdf/29/1/123/4005946/123_29_1_cm.pdf by guest on 27 September 2021 124 THE CANADIAN MINERALOGIST TABLE1. CHEMICALCOMPOSITION OF HAUYNE FROM samesingle crystal was thus collectedat 153K to bet- VAI I E BIACHELLq.SACROFANO. ITALYT ter define the parameters of the interstitial atoms. The cell parameter was determined by the least- Oxlde \fft. o/o Cell contontsl* squaresmethod using monochromatic MoKo radi- ation and 15 reflections having 10" < U < 35o, Aaoa 27.O AI automatically centeredon a four-circle single-crystal sio2 31.3 SI AG X-ray diffractometer. The cell parameter and other N%o 11.8 Na 4.35 information pertinent to X-ray data collection and K2o K NG refinements are presentedin Table 2. All reflection CaO 11.2 Ca 2.28 intensities were measuredin an octant on a Syntex sog 14.2 s 2.03 P2t diffractometer operating ul^the04 scanmode, 993 with a 20 scan range of (I(oq -0.85') to (Ka2 tMicroprob€ +0.85') and variablescan-rates of 3o to 29.3min-I, Analysisby LlndsayKeller, dependingon the intensity of a preliminary scan. ArizonaState Unlversity The intensitiesofthe two standardreflections,622 r*Basod + = on Al Si 12.0;a=9.120(6) A and 404, monitored after every 50 reflections, did not changeduring the experiment.The data werecor- rected for Lorentz, polarization, background effects, ExpsnrN4sNTnr and sphericalabsorption Qable 2). Equivalent reflec- tions werethen averagedto produceunique data-sets. The hauyne sample used in this study is from All crystallographiccalculations were done using the Sacrafano, Italy (Royal Ontario Museum no. XRAY76 CrystallographicPrograms (Stewart 197O. M35731).A different specimenfrom this locality was chemically analyzed (Table l), and we assumethis composition to be representativeof our material. Srnucruns Rern lgl4er.rr Precession photographs show sharp substructure reflectionsand no satellitereflections. Space group Atomic scattering factors for neutral atoms were P43n was assumed and used in the structure taken from Cromer & Mann (1968).For the frame- refinement. work atoms (Al, Si, and Ol), the initial isotropic An initial refinement with the data set colected temperature-factorsused were those of sodalite, and at 293 K (room temperature) indicates significant initial positional parameters were calculated using positional and substitutional disorder of the inter- the geometricalmodel for sodalite(Hassan & Grundy stitial atoms in hauyne; another data set from the 1984). TABLE2. CRYSTALDATA* AND INFORMATION ON DATACOI I ECNONFOR HAUYNEAT 293 AND 153 K Miscellaneous 293 K 153K a (A) 9.1164(5) 9.1097(8) v tAsl 757.65 755.e8(8) Denslty"4". (S/cm{) 2.41 2.42 Crystalslze (mm) O.23x0.23x0.17 p (cm'1) 13.02 13.06 Maximum20 650 550 0<h,k,l< 13 11 Totalno. of lnlensitles 1&r9 1087 No.of uniquereflectlons 329 215 'r33 No.of non-equlv.lFol > 3cllFl 1il Flnal**R 0.036 0.039 Flnal***Rw 0.03i1 0.me *Spacegroup P?3n; Z = 1; Radiation/monochromator= Mo/C; MolQ=0.71069A r*R ***R,,"= 211 =X( | FoI - I FcI )lt IFo | ; pw( | Fe| - I FcI )2/tw IFo I /2, * = t. Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/canmin/article-pdf/29/1/123/4005946/123_29_1_cm.pdf by guest on 27 September 2021 THE CRYSTALSTRUCTURE OF HAUYNE t25 TABLE3. REFINEDAND CALCULATEDOCCUPANCY-FACTORS* AND CHEMICAL FORMULAEFOR HAUYNE 1 2 3 4 c Site Na K Anal. Cation c1 0.3t 0.19 0.18 0.12K 0.20K c2 0.52 0.30 0.29 0.30Ca 0.30Ca c3 0.54 0.31 0.30 0.54Na 0.54Na ChemicalFormulae (a)Charge balance model: (Nao.uCar.o\.0)rz.slAosi6o24l(SO4)1.50POH)0.50 (b)Refinemenl: (Na4.3Ca2.4K1.6)26.3[A16S16024l(SOd1.520OH)r.os (SO/2.s3 (c) Chemicalanalysls: (N"c.ssC"z.zsh.sS)t z.salAOSl6O2al Lijhn& schulz(1968) data: (d)Chemicafanafysis(Naa.s2h2.22j<o.qlrz.gslAoSi6o24l(Sod1.56€OH)j.0s (e)Reflnement: (N"s.osO"e.eeh.erbe.relAoSi6O24l(SO4) j.5(?OH)r.a6 rcolumn 1: Obtalnedby relinementusing Na scatteringcurve. Column2: Obtainedby convertingcolumn 1 Into K atoms. Column3: Obtainedby convertingcolumn 1 into Ca atoms. Column4: Obtainedby chemicalanalysis. Column5: Obtainedby refinementusing each atom $catteringcurve. Refinementof the $tructure (Table 3) was done TABLE 4. ATOMIC POSMOML PARAMETEBS,OCCUPANCY FACTORS, AND THERMAL PAFTAMETERS62 x 101 rOn Hetryneerzs alo tsg x on the $etof intensitiesmeasured at room tempera- ture by a full-matrix least-squaresmethod using unit Sh€ O6uparci6 C@dlnat6 MK 153K weightsand a variable overall scale-factor.The posi- 1.0 1/4 1/4 tional coordinates of the framework atoms v 0 0 were refined, as well as their isotropic and subse- 112 112 quently their anisotropic temperature-factors.The u*u"'' I 7 refined temperature-factors(Tables 4, 5) for the 1/4 framework atoms showedno unexpectedvalues, and v 1/2 geometryof the framework (Iable was 0 0 the resulting Q uequtr. I found to be comparable to that sodalite Qlassan & Grundy 1984);this indicatescomplete order among 24(t) 1.0 x 0.1443(5) 0.1443(5) In particular, the temperaturefac- v 0.15n96) 0.1558(6) Al and Si atoms.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Unusual Silicate Mineralization in Fumarolic Sublimates of the Tolbachik Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia – Part 2: Tectosilicates
    Eur. J. Mineral., 32, 121–136, 2020 https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-32-121-2020 © Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Unusual silicate mineralization in fumarolic sublimates of the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia – Part 2: Tectosilicates Nadezhda V. Shchipalkina1, Igor V. Pekov1, Natalia N. Koshlyakova1, Sergey N. Britvin2,3, Natalia V. Zubkova1, Dmitry A. Varlamov4, and Eugeny G. Sidorov5 1Faculty of Geology, Moscow State University, Vorobievy Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia 2Department of Crystallography, St Petersburg State University, University Embankment 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia 3Kola Science Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Fersman Str. 14, 184200 Apatity, Russia 4Institute of Experimental Mineralogy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademika Osypyana ul., 4, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia 5Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Piip Boulevard 9, 683006 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia Correspondence: Nadezhda V. Shchipalkina ([email protected]) Received: 19 June 2019 – Accepted: 1 November 2019 – Published: 29 January 2020 Abstract. This second of two companion articles devoted to silicate mineralization in fumaroles of the Tol- bachik volcano (Kamchatka, Russia) reports data on chemistry, crystal chemistry and occurrence of tectosil- icates: sanidine, anorthoclase, ferrisanidine, albite, anorthite, barium feldspar, leucite, nepheline, kalsilite, so- dalite and hauyne. Chemical and genetic features of fumarolic silicates are also summarized and discussed. These minerals are typically enriched with “ore” elements (As, Cu, Zn, Sn, Mo, W). Significant admixture of 5C As (up to 36 wt % As2O5 in sanidine) substituting Si is the most characteristic. Hauyne contains up to 4.2 wt % MoO3 and up to 1.7 wt % WO3.
    [Show full text]
  • A Geological Excursion to Port Cygnet in Connection with the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science, 1902
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Tasmania Open Access... A GEOLOGICAL EXCURSION TO PORT CYGNET IN CONNECTION WITH THE AUSTRALASIAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE, 1902. By W. H. Twelvetrees, F.G.S., Go vernmerd Geo log i.st [Read May 12. 1903.] The interest attaching to tlie plexus of felspathoid rocks, now known to occur at Port Cygnet, led to a flying visit being paid to the locality by members of Section C. (Geology) of the Anstralasian Association for the Advancement of Science, in January, 1902. The occurrence of this division of eruptive rocks in Tasmania is so restricted, and their development is exposed so instructively, that a brief account of the excursion will be interesting to others besides the actual visitors. Seventeen members took advantage of the opportunity, and travelled to Port Cygnet by one of the Channel steamers, making the trip in a few -hours. A call was made at Kettering, in the D'Entrecasteaux Channel, where Professor E. C. Hogg led the party to an exposure of Permo- Carboni- ferous till, with glaciated pebbles. Oyster Cove, where the belt of alkali rocks comes through from Port Cygnet, was not visited, the entire energies of the expedition being reserved for the better known area at Lovett. Elaeolite syenite, essexite and alkali rocks with trachytoidal ground- mass, occur at Oyster Cove. The assistance rendered to the cause of Science by the Hon. Edward Mulcahy, the then Minister of Lands, Works, and Mines, in lending the services of the two State geologists, was appreciated by the members and duly acknowledged at the time.
    [Show full text]
  • The Crystal Structure of Hauyne at 293 and 153 K
    Canadian Mineralogist Vol.29, pp. 123-130(1991) THE CRYSTALSTRUCTURE OF HAUYNEAT 293 AND 153 K ISHMAEL HASSAN{. ANDH. DOUGLAS GRUNDY Departmentof Geology,McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S4Ml ABSTRAcT dre de position dansle casdes atomes d'oxygdne du r6seau, du moins dansnotre echantillon, et nous ne voyons aucune The structure of hauyne, ideally Na6Ca2[Al6Si6O24] r€flexion satellitedans les clich6sde prdcession.Ces r6sul- (SOa)2,has beenrefined using separateintensity data-sets tats diffArent donc du cas de la nosdaneet de la lazurite' collected from the same single crystal at temperatures of danslesquels les atomc d'oxygbnedu r$eau occupentdeux 293 and 153 K, respectively.The refinementswere done ensemblesde positions 24(i), et la pr6sencede r6flexions in spacegroup P43n, and the final R indicesare 0.036and sate[itesd6coule d'une modulation dansla position desato- 0.039 for the 293 and 153 K data sets,respectively. The mes d'oxygbne. Al:Si ratio is l:1; theseatoms are completely ordered. There (Traduit par la R6daction) is positionaldisorder of the interstitialcations (Na, K, and Ca) over three independenr8(e) positions (sitesCl, C2, and Mots-clds:groupe de la sodalite,hauyne, structure cristal- C3) that are closeto eachother on the body diagonalsof line, mise en ordre de groupemants,bordures des domai- the cubic cell. The Cl, A, and C3 sitesare occupiedby nes antiphases. K, Ca, and Na, respectively.The sulfuratom of the SOI- group is displacedoff the 2(a)position to an 8(e)position, but the oxygenatoms have remainedat an 8(e) position, Ixtnooucrrou indicatingthat the SOagroup is in one orientationinstead of two.
    [Show full text]
  • Zeolites in Tasmania
    Mineral Resources Tasmania Tasmanian Geological Survey Record 1997/07 Tasmania Zeolites in Tasmania by R. S. Bottrill and J. L. Everard CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………………… 2 USES …………………………………………………………………………………… 2 ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE …………………………………………………………… 2 GEOLOGICAL OCCURRENCES ………………………………………………………… 2 TASMANIAN OCCURRENCES ………………………………………………………… 4 Devonian ………………………………………………………………………… 4 Permo-Triassic …………………………………………………………………… 4 Jurassic …………………………………………………………………………… 4 Cretaceous ………………………………………………………………………… 5 Tertiary …………………………………………………………………………… 5 EXPLORATION FOR ZEOLITES IN TASMANIA ………………………………………… 6 RESOURCE POTENTIAL ……………………………………………………………… 6 MINERAL OCCURRENCES …………………………………………………………… 7 Analcime (Analcite) NaAlSi2O6.H2O ……………………………………………… 7 Chabazite (Ca,Na2,K2)Al2Si4O12.6H2O …………………………………………… 7 Clinoptilolite (Ca,Na2,K2)2-3Al5Si13O36.12H2O ……………………………………… 7 Gismondine Ca2Al4Si4O16.9H2O …………………………………………………… 7 Gmelinite (Na2Ca)Al2Si4O12.6H2O7 ……………………………………………… 7 Gonnardite Na2CaAl5Si5O20.6H2O ………………………………………………… 10 Herschelite (Na,Ca,K)Al2Si4O12.6H2O……………………………………………… 10 Heulandite (Ca,Na2,K2)2-3Al5Si13O36.12H2O ……………………………………… 10 Laumontite CaAl2Si4O12.4H2O …………………………………………………… 10 Levyne (Ca2.5,Na)Al6Si12O36.6H2O ………………………………………………… 10 Mesolite Na2Ca2(Al6Si9O30).8H2O ………………………………………………… 10 Mordenite K2.8Na1.5Ca2(Al9Si39O96).29H2O ………………………………………… 10 Natrolite Na2(Al2Si3O10).2H2O …………………………………………………… 10 Phillipsite (Ca,Na,K)3Al3Si5O16.6H2O ……………………………………………… 11 Scolecite CaAl2Si3O10.3H20 ………………………………………………………
    [Show full text]
  • The Minerals of Tasmania
    THE MINERALS OF TASMANIA. By W. F. Petterd, CM Z.S. To the geologist, the fascinating science of mineralogy must always be of the utmost importance, as it defines with remarkable exactitude the chemical constituents and com- binations of rock masses, and, thus interpreting their optical and physical characters assumed, it plays an important part part in the elucidation of the mysteries of the earth's crust. Moreover, in addition, the minerals of a country are invari- ably intimately associated with its industrial progress, in addition to being an important factor in its igneous and metamorphic geology. In this dual aspect this State affords a most prolific field, perhaps unequalled in the Common- wealth, for serious consideration. In this short article, I propose to review the subject of the mineralogy of this Island in an extremely concise manner, the object being, chiefly, to afford the members of the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science a cursory glimpse into Nature's hidden objects of wealth, beauty, and scientific interest. It will be readily understood that the restricted space at the disposal of the writer effectually prevents full justice being done to an absorbing subject, which is of almost universal interest, viewed from the one or the other aspect. The economic result of practical mining operations, as carried on in this State, has been of a most satisfactory character, and has, without doubt, added greatly to the national wealth ; but, for detailed information under this head, reference must be made to the voluminous statistical information, and the general progress, and other reports, issued by the Mines Department of the local Government.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Occurrence of a New Species of Garnet at Port Cygnet
    - ON THE OCCURRENCE OF A NEW SPECIES OF GARNET AT PORT CYGNET. By W. A. MACLEOD AND O. E. WHITE. THE Igneous rock containing this Garnet as a constant I The Specific gravity - accessOl"y constituent~ occurs as an outcrop about 6 feet Hardness ~ 7'5. Fusibility - 3'5 about. wide em the beach between Port Cygnet and Lymington. r, AnarY8is of m~sive Gt\rn~t from Brazil. It is intruded between other vole-olDie rocks, and, as far I TI. " )J Garnet, Port Cygnet. as could be ascertained from a hasty examination, 8eemB In. " " Trachyte " to be the only exposure in this locality_ From fossils [. II. 11[. SiO, 37'23 36'87 55'87 found it is pl'obably contemporaneous with the Permo­ AJ,O. 15'22 1'28 18'21 Carboniferous sediments. FeO 26'76 17'12 8'01 rrhe microscopical and chemical examinations of the MgO 3'1. 12'49 '46 rock point out its relationship to the Trachyte family. C.O 4'31 11'98 4'54 MnO 3'40 13'68 2'61 examples of which are so plentiful in this dietl-jet, and Na,O 3'36 which have been fully descrihed by Messrs. Twelve­ K,O 0'75 trees and Petterd.- Many of the varities of Trachyte 19nition loss 00'29 2'28 mentioned by them have melanite garnet as an accessory constituent. 99'71 101'09 The percentage of 8i O in this rock does not run very - 2 % Macroscopica.l chw'a.cuwistics -----o£ Garnet 'rrachyte. high for a Trachyt<l, being as low as 55'S7 ' Trachytes Bluish:.grey in colour on a fresh fractured surface, studded proper often include as much as 62%-64% of Silica.
    [Show full text]
  • Alphabetical List
    LIST L - MINERALS - ALPHABETICAL LIST Specific mineral Group name Specific mineral Group name acanthite sulfides asbolite oxides accessory minerals astrophyllite chain silicates actinolite clinoamphibole atacamite chlorides adamite arsenates augite clinopyroxene adularia alkali feldspar austinite arsenates aegirine clinopyroxene autunite phosphates aegirine-augite clinopyroxene awaruite alloys aenigmatite aenigmatite group axinite group sorosilicates aeschynite niobates azurite carbonates agate silica minerals babingtonite rhodonite group aikinite sulfides baddeleyite oxides akaganeite oxides barbosalite phosphates akermanite melilite group barite sulfates alabandite sulfides barium feldspar feldspar group alabaster barium silicates silicates albite plagioclase barylite sorosilicates alexandrite oxides bassanite sulfates allanite epidote group bastnaesite carbonates and fluorides alloclasite sulfides bavenite chain silicates allophane clay minerals bayerite oxides almandine garnet group beidellite clay minerals alpha quartz silica minerals beraunite phosphates alstonite carbonates berndtite sulfides altaite tellurides berryite sulfosalts alum sulfates berthierine serpentine group aluminum hydroxides oxides bertrandite sorosilicates aluminum oxides oxides beryl ring silicates alumohydrocalcite carbonates betafite niobates and tantalates alunite sulfates betekhtinite sulfides amazonite alkali feldspar beudantite arsenates and sulfates amber organic minerals bideauxite chlorides and fluorides amblygonite phosphates biotite mica group amethyst
    [Show full text]
  • (F, Cl, Br, and I) and S Ratios in Rock-Forming Minerals As
    minerals Article Changes in Halogen (F, Cl, Br, and I) and S Ratios in Rock-Forming Minerals as Monitors for Magmatic Differentiation, Volatile-Loss, and Hydrothermal Overprint: The Case for Peralkaline Systems Hans G.M. Eggenkamp 1,* , Michael A.W. Marks 1, Petya Atanasova 1,2, Thomas Wenzel 1 and Gregor Markl 1 1 Department of Geosciences, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstraße 94-96, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; [email protected] (M.A.W.M.); [email protected] (P.A.); [email protected] (T.W.); [email protected] (G.M.) 2 Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology, 09599 Freiberg, Germany * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 23 October 2020; Accepted: 5 November 2020; Published: 10 November 2020 Abstract: We determined the halogen (F, Cl, Br, and I) and sulfur (S) concentrations in Cl-rich rock-forming minerals from five peralkaline complexes. We investigated sodalite (N = 42), eudialyte-group minerals (N = 84), and tugtupite (N = 8) from representative rock samples derived from Ilímaussaq (South Greenland), Norra Kärr (Sweden), Tamazeght (Morocco), Lovozero, and Khibina (Russian Federation). Taken together, sodalite and eudialyte-group minerals dominate the Cl and Br budget of the investigated rocks. For F, however, several other phases (e.g., amphibole, fluorite, villiaumite, and minerals of the rinkite group and the apatite supergroup) are additional sinks, and parts of the S may be scavenged in generally rare sulfides. The investigated minerals contain Cl at the wt.% level, F and S concentrations are in the hundreds to thousands of µg/g-range, Br is less common (0.2–200 µg/g) and I is rare (mostly well below 1 µg/g).
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of Mineral Trapping for CO2 Disposal in Deep Aquifers
    Analysis of Mineral Trapping for CO2 Disposal in Deep Aquifers Tianfu Xu, John A. Apps, and Karsten Pruess Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720. Abstract. CO2 disposal into deep aquifers has been suggested as a potential means whereby atmospheric emissions of greenhouse gases may be reduced. However, our knowledge of the geohydrology, geochemistry, geophysics, and geomechanics of CO2 disposal must be refined if this technology is to be implemented safely, efficiently, and predictably. As a prelude to a fully coupled treatment of physical and chemical effects of CO2 injection, we have analyzed the impact of CO2 immobilization through carbonate precipitation. A survey of all major classes of rock-forming minerals, whose alteration would lead to carbonate precipitation, indicated that very few minerals are present in sufficient quantities in aquifer host rocks to permit significant sequestration of CO2. We performed batch reaction modeling of the geochemical evolution of three different aquifer mineralogies in the presence of CO2 at high pressure. Our modeling considered (1) redox processes that could be important in deep subsurface environments, (2) the presence of organic matter, (3) the kinetics of chemical interactions between the host rock minerals and the aqueous phase, and (4) CO2 solubility dependence on pressure, temperature and salinity of the system. The geochemical evolution under both natural background and CO2 injection conditions was evaluated. In addition, changes in porosity were monitored during the simulations. Results indicate that CO2 sequestration by matrix minerals varies considerably with rock type. Under favorable conditions the amount of CO2 that may be sequestered by precipitation of secondary carbonates is comparable with and can be larger than the effect of CO2 dissolution in pore waters.
    [Show full text]
  • INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS, PART 3 (And Friends)
    GLY 4310C LAB 8 INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS, PART 3 (and friends) Syenite, Phonolite, Ijolite, Carbonatite, Ultramafic Rocks and Lamprophyre These intrusive rocks correspond to fields 6, 6', 7, 7', 11, and 15 of figure 3-1 in Hyndman. The syenites are on the border between the QAP and the APF triangles. The remaining rocks are in the APF triangle. Phonolite is actually an extrusive or hypabyssal equivalent of nepheline syenite. The ultrmafic rocks and lamprophyre are very rich in mafic minerals. Consequently they cannot be plotted on the main part of the QAPF diagram, although technically they plot in field 16 (Figure 3-1, Hyndman) in a separate rectangle. More information on these rocks is available in Chapters 9, 14, 15, 16, and 17 in Moorhouse. SYENITE - Intrusive igneous, plutonic. The major mineral is feldspar, with greater than 65% alkali feldspar (K-spar or albite). The ferromagnesian minerals are usually # 20%. The K-spar is typically orthoclase, microcline or perthite. In dikes sanidine may be present. Any plagioclase present is generally subhedral and is often zoned (normal or oscillatory). Biotite is often present and is usually brown. Small amounts of feldspathoids, like nepheline and sodalite, may be present. If more than 5% of these minerals are present, the rock is called nepheline (or sodalite) syenite. Sphene, apatite, ilmenite, magnetite, zircon, and monzonite are accessories. In the IUGS classification, 0-5 Q, and P/(A+P) is 10-35. The name is for Syene (near Aswan), Egypt. Pliny the Elder named granite-like rocks from this area for the locality. ALKALI SYENITE - Intrusive igneous, plutonic.
    [Show full text]
  • Mineralogy of Southwest Montana by Michael J
    Mineralogy of Southwest Montana By Michael J. Gobla Covellite MBMG Museum Butte Presentation Outline • Montana Geologic Provinces • World Class Mineral Localities • Collecting in the Pioneer Mountains Gold, Highlands MBMG Museum Butte Gemstones • Two official State Gemstones • Montana Agate • Sapphire Corundum Rock Creek Montana Agate The Great Plains – Sedimentary Rocks Calcite, Barite, Gypsum, Montmorillonite, Quartz Calcite Montana Agate Carter County Yellowstone River Barite Cedar Creek Pertified Wood House Billings The Alkalic Province -Sediments Penetrated by Alkaline Intrusive Rocks • Aegirine, Augite, Biotite, Burbankite, Davanite, Eudialyte, Gold, Hauyne, Barytolamprophyllite, Nepheline, Olivine, Orthoclase, Phologopite, Sanadine, Wadeite Eudialyte Bearpaw Mts. The Absorka Province - Precambrian Metamorphics, Intrusive, and Volcanic Rocks Calcite Calcite, Chromite, Red Cliff Gallatin River Enstatite, Gold, Opal-Hyalite, Petrified Wood Platinum minerals Quartz replacing wood Wyoming Archean Province - Precambrian Metamorphic and Tertiary Intrusive Rocks • Metamorphic Rocks – Almandine, Anthophyllite, Corundum, Kyanite, Talc • Tertiary Intrusives – Gold • Pegmatites – Biotite, Schorl, Microcline, Dendritic Talc Muscovite, Rose Quartz Yellowstone Mine Corundum Elk Creek Mine The Rocky Mountains – Many Rock Types • Pegmatites – Quartz, Schorl, Microcline, Albite, Titanite, Epidote, Allanite • Skarns – Epidote, Magnetite, Scheelite, Grossular, Spinel • Tertiary Intrusives – Gold, Silver, Chalcocite, Galena, Diopside Hemimorphite, Pyrite,
    [Show full text]
  • Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Optically Anisotropic and Isotropic Haiiyne
    American Mineralogist, Volume 80, pages 87-93, 1995 Transmission electron microscopy study of optically anisotropic and isotropic haiiyne HUIFANG Xu, * DAVID R. VEBLEN Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, U.S.A. ABSTRACT Optically anisotropic and isotropic haiiyne has been observed in phonolite from Niang- niang Hill, Jiangsu Province, southeastern China. Selected-area electron difITaction (SAED) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies show the anisotropic haiiyne has a one-dimensional superstructure with a period of 6d1lO,ubalong one of the <110) directions of the ideal cubic haiiyne subcell. The superstructure may be considered as a periodic arrangement of (I 10) layer domains with P23 symmetry along [110]. Neighboring domains are related by a twin relationship. The unit-cell parameters for this haiiyne superstructure are thus metrically orthorhombic, with a,up = 2dilO'Ub,b,up = 6dllO,ub, c,uP = C,ub'but the most likely space group is monoclinic, Pn. SAED patterns and TEM images of two opti- cally isotropic haiiyne samples show they have either a three-dimensional superstructure or no superstructure. The average structure of the isotropic haiiyne with the superstructure is cubic, even though it is composed of twin domains with one-, two-, and three-dimen- sional superstructures. The superstructure may have formed by ordering of [Na3Ca(S04)]3+ and [(Na,KMOH)p+ clusters in the cubo-octahedral cages of the haiiyne framework during an arrested phase transition from P43n to P23 symmetry. INTRODUCI10N Taylor, 1967; Schultz, 1970; Morimoto, 1978; Tsuchiya Haiiyne, nosean, and lazurite are sodalite-group min- and Takeuchi, 1985).
    [Show full text]