Undiscovered Nicaragua and El Salvador
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Biocultural Design” As a Framework to Identify Sustainability Issues in Río San Juan Biosphere Reserve and the Fortress of the Immaculate Conception, Nicaragua
“Biocultural design” as a framework to identify sustainability issues in Río San Juan Biosphere Reserve and the Fortress of the immaculate Conception, Nicaragua Claudia Múnera-Roldán Final Report for the UNESCO MaB Young Scientists Awards 2013-2014 “Biocultural design” as a framework to identify sustainability issues in Río San Juan Biosphere Reserve and the Fortress of the immaculate Conception, Nicaragua Claudia Múnera-Roldán Final Report for the UNESCO MaB Young Scientists Awards 2013-2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents .............................................................................................................................................. 2 Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................................................. 4 List of Acronyms ................................................................................................................................................ 5 Executive summary............................................................................................................................................ 6 1. Introduction: Site identification and context analysis .................................................................................. 8 1.1 Site description ............................................................................................................................................ 8 1.2. Context and background ........................................................................................................................... -
National Historic Landmark Nomination Old San Juan
NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK NOMINATION NPS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 OLD SAN JUAN HISTORIC DISTRICT/DISTRITO HISTÓRICO DEL VIEJO SAN JUAN Page 1 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 1. NAME OF PROPERTY Historic Name: Old San Juan Historic District/Distrito Histórico del Viejo San Juan Other Name/Site Number: Ciudad del Puerto Rico; San Juan de Puerto Rico; Viejo San Juan; Old San Juan; Ciudad Capital; Zona Histórica de San Juan; Casco Histórico de San Juan; Antiguo San Juan; San Juan Historic Zone 2. LOCATION Street & Number: Western corner of San Juan Islet. Roughly bounded by Not for publication: Calle de Norzagaray, Avenidas Muñoz Rivera and Ponce de León, Paseo de Covadonga and Calles J. A. Corretejer, Nilita Vientos Gastón, Recinto Sur, Calle de la Tanca and del Comercio. City/Town: San Juan Vicinity: State: Puerto Rico County: San Juan Code: 127 Zip Code: 00901 3. CLASSIFICATION Ownership of Property Category of Property Private: X Building(s): ___ Public-Local: X District: _X_ Public-State: X_ Site: ___ Public-Federal: _X_ Structure: ___ Object: ___ Number of Resources within Property Contributing Noncontributing 699 128 buildings 16 6 sites 39 0 structures 7 19 objects 798 119 Total Number of Contributing Resources Previously Listed in the National Register: 772 Name of Related Multiple Property Listing: NPS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form ((Rev. 8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 OLD SAN JUAN HISTORIC DISTRICT/DISTRITO HISTÓRICO DEL VIEJO SAN JUAN Page 2 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service National Register of Historic Plaaces Registration Form 4. -
Inside the Volcano – a Curriculum on Nicaragua
Inside the Volcano: A Curriculum on Nicaragua Edited by William Bigelow and Jeff Edmundson Network of Educators on the Americas (NECA) P.O. Box 73038 Washington, DC 20056-3038 Network of Educators' Committees on Central America Washington, D.C. About the readings: We are grateful to the Institute for Food and Development Policy for permission to reproduce Imagine You Were A Nicaraguan (from Nicaragua: What Difference Could A Revolution Make?), Nicaragua: Give Change a Chance, The Plastic Kid (from Now We Can Speak) and Gringos and Contras on Our Land (from Don’t Be Afraid, Gringo). Excerpt from Nicaragua: The People Speak © 1985 Bergin and Garvey printed with permission from Greenwood Press. About the artwork: The pictures by Rini Templeton (pages 12, 24, 26, 29, 30, 31, 38, 57 60, 61, 66, 74, 75, 86, 87 90, 91. 101, 112, and the cover) are used with the cooperation of the Rini Templeton Memorial Fund and can be found in the beautiful, bilingual collection of over 500 illustrations entitled El Arte de Rini Templeton: Donde hay vida y lucha - The Art of Rini Templeton: Where there is life and struggle, 1989, WA: The Real Comet Press. See Appendix A for ordering information. The drawing on page 15 is by Nicaraguan artist Donald Navas. The Nicaraguan Cultural Alliance has the original pen and ink and others for sale. See Appendix A for address. The illustrations on pages 31, 32 and 52 are by Nicaraguan artist Leonicio Saenz. An artist of considerable acclaim in Central America, Saenz is a frequent contributor to Nicar&uac, a monthly publication of the Nicaraguan Ministry of Culture. -
Real Affordable Costa Rica 2017 14-Day Land Tour{Tripoperatedby}
Real Affordable Costa Rica 2017 14-Day Land Tour{TRIPOperatedBy} EXTEND YOUR TRIP PRE-TRIPS Guatemala: Antigua & Tikal OR Nicaragua's Colonial Cities & Volcanic Landscapes POST-TRIP Tortuguero National Park: Ultimate Rain Forest Experience Your Day-to-Day Itinerary OVERSEAS ADVENTURE TRAVEL Overseas Adventure Travel, founded in 1978, is America’s leading adventure travel company. The New York Times, Condé Nast Traveler, The Los Angeles Times, Travel + Leisure, The Wall Street Journal, US News & World Report, and others have recommended OAT trips. But our most im- pressive reviews come from our customers: Thousands of travelers have joined our trips, and 95% of them say they’d gladly travel with us again, and recommend us to their friends. INCLUDED IN YOUR PRICE » International airfare, airport transfers, government taxes, fees, and airline fuel surcharges unless you choose to make your own air arrangements » All land transportation » Accommodations for 13 nights » 31 meals—daily breakfast, 9 lunches, 9 dinners (including 1 Home-Hosted Lunch) » 10 small group activities » Services of a local O.A.T. Trip Leader » Gratuities for local guides, drivers, and luggage porters » 5% Frequent Traveler Credit toward your next adventure—an average of $176 Itinerary subject to change. For information or reservations, call toll-free 1-800-955-1925. WHAT THIS TRIP IS LIKE PACING ACCOMMODATIONS & FACILITIES » 6 locations in 14 days with one 1-night » Some of our lodgings may be quite small stay and some early mornings or family-run » While this is a mobile -
Rafaela Herrera, La Heroína Desconocida I S T O R
H I RAFAELA HERRERA, LA HEROÍNA DESCONOCIDA S urante cierta noche de julio de 1762 ocu- rrió un suceso admirable, una joven mu- T jer derrotó a un grupo de feroces piratas. O Esta historia transcurrió en el fuerte El Castillo de la Inmaculada Concepción de María, un punto R clave que defendía la ciudad colonial de Granada I en la actual Nicaragua, estratégico por constituir- se en la salida al Océano Pacífico. Aquella mu- A chacha de nombre Rafaela Herrera, había nacido en nuestro territorio mucho antes de llamarse Co- lombia, en una época cuando a diferencia de hoy, las mujeres no tenían muchas oportunidades de protagonismo. El nombre de Rafaela Herrera en Nicaragua es símbolo de valentía y audacia femenina, de hecho Foto: www.cartagenamagica.com se le considera un referente nacional. Su historia es digna de ser conocida. El 29 de julio de 1762 1742, su experiencia en el mundo de la defensa tras se libra una desigual lucha, entre una fuerza de las murallas, las había adquirido en aquella ciudad, de filibusteros ingleses, con más de cincuenta bar- la mano de su padre, oficial experto en el manejo de cos y dos mil hombres enviados desde Jamaica, fuertes. Rafaela era hija natural, al ser fruto de la unión contra un fuerte ubicado en el río San Juan, defendido fugaz del castellano Herrera con una mulata que mu- por unos cuantos hombres al mando del Capitán José rió luego del parto. Por ello, Rafaela creció al lado de Herrera y Sotomayor, quien durante el cerco de los su padre en medio del fragor de las batallas y con el británicos fallece, dejando en la orfandad no sólo a sus estigma de su origen, pecaminoso para ciertos ojos de hijos, sino a sus subalternos. -
Earthquake-Induced Landslides in Central America
Engineering Geology 63 (2002) 189–220 www.elsevier.com/locate/enggeo Earthquake-induced landslides in Central America Julian J. Bommer a,*, Carlos E. Rodrı´guez b,1 aDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Imperial College Road, London SW7 2BU, UK bFacultad de Ingenierı´a, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Santafe´ de Bogota´, Colombia Received 30 August 2000; accepted 18 June 2001 Abstract Central America is a region of high seismic activity and the impact of destructive earthquakes is often aggravated by the triggering of landslides. Data are presented for earthquake-triggered landslides in the region and their characteristics are compared with global relationships between the area of landsliding and earthquake magnitude. We find that the areas affected by landslides are similar to other parts of the world but in certain parts of Central America, the numbers of slides are disproportionate for the size of the earthquakes. We also find that there are important differences between the characteristics of landslides in different parts of the Central American isthmus, soil falls and slides in steep slopes in volcanic soils predominate in Guatemala and El Salvador, whereas extensive translational slides in lateritic soils on large slopes are the principal hazard in Costa Rica and Panama. Methods for assessing landslide hazards, considering both rainfall and earthquakes as triggering mechanisms, developed in Costa Rica appear not to be suitable for direct application in the northern countries of the isthmus, for which modified approaches are required. D 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Landslides; Earthquakes; Central America; Landslide hazard assessment; Volcanic soils 1. -
Unique! Extras
Starters Mains £3.90 BREAD & OLIVES CURRIED GOAT (k) (g) £11.00 Marinated olives tossed with olive oil, lemon, black Delicious curried goat with scallion, onions and carrots, pepper and chilli. Served with crusty bread. served with white rice or rice’n’peas. £4.60 STAMP’N’GO JERK CHICKEN LEG (g) £8.50 Delicious fried Saltfish fritters served with red onion, Slow cooked jerked chicken leg in our home-made scallion, scotch bonnet, thyme and lemon. gravy, served with fried plantain, steamed vegetables B A E and rice’n’peas. (v) £4.30 R O U S PEPPER POT SOUP & C O O K H Add an extra piece of chicken. £3.00 Cabbage, carrots, onion,Starters chow chow, yam, potato, Mains Starters BREADhot pepper & OLIVES soup. Served with crusty bread. £3.90 Mains BREAD & OLIVES £3.90 CURRIED GOAT (k) (g) (k) (g) £11.00£10.00 CURRIED GOAT (k)(k) (g) Mains £11.00 BROWN STEW CHICKEN Starters Marinated olives tossed with olive oil, lemon, black CURRIED GOAT £11.00 £3.90 MarinatedBREAD & OLIVESolives tossed with oliveolive oil, lemon,lemon, blackblack (k) (g) Delicious curried goat with scallion, onions and carrots, pepper and chilli. Served Mainswith crusty bread. DeliciousCURRIED curried GOAT goatgoat0117 with scallion, 330 onions 5298 andand carrots,carrots, £11.00 Browned and stewed skinless soft and tender chicken Starters Marinated olives tossed with olive oil, lemon, black £3.90 pepper and chilli. Served with crusty bread. BREAD & OLIVES pepper and chilli. Served with crusty bread. CURRIEDMUSSELS GOAT(g) (k) (g) £11.00£6.00 servedDelicious with curried white goatrice orwith rice’n’peas. -
Nicaragua: the Threat of a Good Example?
DiannaMelrose First Published 1985 Reprinted 1986,1987,1989 ©Oxfam 1985 Preface © Oxfam 1989 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Melrose, Dianna Nicaragua: the threat of a good example. 1. Nicaragua. Economic conditions I. Title 330.97285'053 ISBN 0-85598-070-2 ISBN 0 85598 070 2 Published by Oxfam, 274 Banbury Road, Oxford, 0X2 7DZ, UK. Printed by Oxfam Print Unit OX196/KJ/89 This book converted to digital file in 2010 Contents Preface vii Introduction 1 Chronology of Political Developments 2 1. The Somoza Era 4 The Miskitos and the Atlantic Coast The 1972 Earthquake Land Expropriation Obstacles to Community Development The Somoza Legacy 2. A New Start for the People 12 The Literacy Crusade Adult Education New Schools Public Health Miners' Health Land Reform New Cooperatives Food Production Consumption of Basic Foods Loss of Fear The Open Prisons Obstacles to Development 3. Development Under Fire 27 Miskito Resettlement Programme Disruption of Development Work Resettlement of Displaced People Economic Costs of the Fighting 4. Debt, Trade and Aid 39 Debt Trade Aid 5. The Role of Britain and Europe 45 UK Bilateral Aid Other European Donors EEC Aid Trade A Political Solution Europe's Role 6. Action for Change: Summary and Recommendations 59 Notes and References Abbreviations Further Reading iii IV Acknowledgements First and foremost I would like to thank all the Nicaraguan people who gener- ously gave their time to help with research for this book, particularly Oxfam friends and project-holders who gave invaluable assistance. -
Sustainable Tourism: Economic Benefits for Many Economic Impact Study Granada, Nicaragua
Photo: Jessica Webb Sustainable Tourism: Economic Benefits for Many Economic Impact Study Granada, Nicaragua The Rainforest Alliance’s Sustainable Tourism Program would like to thank • The SEEP Network and Argidius for authorizing the use of their “Tourism Impact Measurement” tool. • The businesses in Granada, Nicaragua that participated in this study: the tour operator ORO Travel and the hotels Plaza Colón, La Casona de Los Estrada, La Gran Francia and Patio del Malinche. Photo: Jessica Webb Index The Tourism Industry’s Value Chain 01 Results at a Glance 06 Research Methods 11 Tourism in Nicaragua 15 Number of Visitors in 2009 18 Tourism in Granada, Nicaragua 20 Sustainable Tourism’s Impact in Granada 23 Importance of the Total Economic Impact Within the Economy 25 Conclusions - Sustainable Tourism, a Motor of Development 35 Credits 38 The Tourism Industry’s Value Chain Money is a pliable material. It can start out in the This research was undertaken between January and tangible form of cash in the hand of a tourist to later April of 2009, with the goal of tracing the trail of become part of the industry’s economic statistics money that tourists spent in the local economy and and may even end up in vaults of the nation’s demonstrating its positive impact on practically all central bank. business sectors. Much has been said of tourism’s role as a generator That money enters Granada’s economy and circulates of income, employment and wealth and great sums to reach an array of local businesses, the families of of money have been invested in efforts to stimulate workers from the region and suppliers, when some of tourism development. -
Caribbean Sea Ecosystem Assessment (CARSEA)
Caribbean Sea Ecosystem Assessment (CARSEA) A contribution to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment prepared by the Caribbean Sea Ecosystem Assessment Team Co-ordinating Lead Authors JOHN B. R. AGARD AND ANGELA CROPPER Lead Authors Patricia Aquing, Marlene Attzs, Francisco Arias, Jesus Beltrán, Elena Bennett, Ralph Carnegie, Sylvester Clauzel, Jorge Corredor, Marcia Creary, Graeme Cumming, Brian Davy, Danielle Deane, Najila Elias-Samlalsingh, Gem Fletcher, Keith Fletcher, Keisha Garcia, Jasmin Garraway, Judith Gobin, Alan Goodridge, Arthur Gray, Selwin Hart, Milton Haughton, Sherry Heileman, Riyad Insanally, Leslie Ann Jordon, Pushpam Kumar, Sharon Laurent, Amoy Lumkong, Robin Mahon, Franklin McDonald, Jeremy Mendoza, Azad Mohammed, Elizabeth Mohammed, Hazel McShine, Anthony Mitchell, Derek Oderson, Hazel Oxenford, Dennis Pantin, Kemraj Parsram, Terrance Phillips, Ramón Pichs, Bruce Potter, Miran Rios, Evelia Rivera-Arriaga, Anuradha Singh, Joth Singh, Susan Singh-Renton, Lyndon Robertson, Steve Schill, Caesar Toro, Adrian Trotman, Antonio Villasol, Nicasio Vina-Davila, Leslie Walling, George Warner, Kaveh Zahedi, Monika Zurek Editorial Advisers Norman Girvan and Julian Kenny Editorial Consultant Tim Hirsch Sponsors: THE CROPPER FOUNDATION UWI Other Financial Contributors: MILLENNIUM ECOSYSTEM ASSESSMENT UNEP ROLAC i ii CARIBB. MAR. STUD., SPECIAL EDITION, 2007 Foreword We are very pleased to have the opportunity to combine our thoughts and concerns in a joint Foreword to this Report of the Caribbean Sea Ecosystem Assessment (CARSEA). This pleasure is, however, accompanied by a palpable anxiety about the findings of this Assessment, given the significance that this ecosystem has for the economic, social, and cultural well- being of the diversity of nations which make up the Wider Caribbean region, that this Report so clearly establishes. -
Spanish Direct Investment in Latin America: Challenges and Opportunities William Chislett
William Chislett Spanish Direct Investment in Latin America: Challenges and Opportunities William Chislett Challenges and Opportunities Spanish Direct Investment in Latin America: William Chislett was born in Oxford in 1951. He reported on Spain’s 1975-78 transition to democracy for The Times. Between 1978 and 1984 he was based in Mexico City for The Financial Times, covering Mexico and Central America, before returning to Madrid in 1986 as a writer and translator. He has written books on Spain, Portugal, Chile, Ecuador, Panama, Finland, El Salvador and Turkey for Euromoney Publications. The Writers and Scholars Educational Trust published his The Spanish Media since Franco in 1979. Banco Central Hispano published his book España: en busca del éxito in 1992 (originally published that same year by Euromoney), Spain: at a Turning Point in 1994, and Spain: the Central Hispano Handbook, a yearly review, between 1996 and 1998. Banco Santander Central Hispano published his dictionary of economic terms in 1999 and his Spain at a Glance in 2001. He wrote the section on Latin America for Business: The Ultimate Resource (Bloomsbury, 2002), and in 2002 the Elcano Royal Institute published his book The Internationalization of the Spanish Economy. He is married and has two sons. Praise for previous books on Spain One of the great attractions is the author’s capacity to gather, analyze and synthesize the most relevant economic information Spanish Direct Investment and explain its implications concisely and directly. in Latin America: Guillermo de la Dehesa, Chairman of the Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), El País Challenges and Opportunities Stylish and impressive. -
An Integrated Structural and GPS Study of the Jalpatagua Fault, Southeastern Guatemala
Research Paper GEOSPHERE An integrated structural and GPS study of the Jalpatagua fault, southeastern Guatemala 1 1 2 1 1 1,3 4 4 GEOSPHERE, v. 17, no. 1 Bridget Garnier , Basil Tikoff , Omar Flores , Brian Jicha , Charles DeMets , Beatriz Cosenza-Muralles , Douglas Hernandez , Griselda Marroquin , Luis Mixco4, and Walter Hernandez4 https://doi.org/10.1130/GES02243.1 1Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1215 West Dayton St., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA 2Centro de Estudios Superiores de Energías y Minas–Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de San Carlos, Ciudad Universitaria, Zona 12, Edificio T-1, tercer nivel, Ciudad de Guatemala 01012, Guatemala 3Instuto de Invesgación en Ciencias Físicas y Matemácas, Escuela de Ciencias Físicas y Matemácas, Universidad de San Carlos, Ciudad Universitaria, Zona 12, Edificio T-1, segundo nivel, Ciudad 13 figures; 6 tables; 1 supplemental file de Guatemala, Guatemala 4Dirección del Observatorio, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Km. 5½ carretera a Santa Tecla, colonio y calle Las Mercedes, San Salvador, El Salvador CORRESPONDENCE: [email protected] ABSTRACT ■ INTRODUCTION Guzmán-Speziale et al., 2005; Lyon-Caen et al., 2006; CITATION: Garnier, B., Tikoff, B., Flores, O., Jicha, B., DeMets, C., Cosenza-Muralles, B., Hernandez, D., Franco et al., 2012). The dextral forearc fault system Marroquin, G., Mixco, L., and Hernandez, W., 2021, An The Jalpatagua fault in Guatemala accommodates Moving forearc slivers typically result from is the widest in Nicaragua, with NE-oriented sinistral integrated structural and GPS study of the Jalpatagua dextral movement of the Central America forearc. We strain partitioning due to oblique convergence faults that suggest bookshelf faulting may accom- fault, south eastern Guatemala: Geosphere, v.