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Political Governance, Conflict Management and Anti-Corruption Policies’ OSSREA-Mauritius Chapter OSSREA-Mauritius Chapter ABOUT OSSREA Academic Workshop Proceedings The Organization for Social Science Research in Eastern and Southern Africa (OSSREA) is a regional membership-based and donor-supported research and capacity-building organization whose mission is to promote dialogue and interaction between researchers and policy-makers in Eastern and Southern Africa with a view to enhancing the impact of research on policy-making and development planning. Its headquarter is based in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. P.O.Box: 31971 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Telephone: 251-11-1239484 Fax: 251-11-1223921 Email: [email protected] Web: http://www.ossrea.net Liaison Ocer for Mauritius Chapter Nicolas Ragodoo FSSH, University of Mauritius Reduit [email protected] Tel: +230 403 76 84 ‘Political Governance, Conflict Management and Anti-Corruption Policies’ 3rd September 2012 Engineering Tower Lecture Theatre 2 University of Mauritius ISSN 1694-2027 OSSREA-Mauritius Chapter Proceedings of the Academic Workshop on ‘Political Governance, Conflict Management and Anti-Corruption Policies’ 3rd September 2012 Engineering Tower Lecture Theatre 2 University of Mauritius 1 P.O.Box: 31971 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Telephone: 251‐11‐1239484 Fax: 251‐11‐1223921 Email: [email protected] Web: http://www.ossrea.net Liaison Officer for Mauritius Chapter Nicolas Ragodoo FSSH, University of Mauritius Reduit [email protected] Tel: +230 403 76 84 ISSN 1694-2027 2 Preface Mauritius is regularly cited as an example of political stability and democracy at both the regional and global level. The Mauritian model has, over the decades, ensured that each component of our complex socio‐cultural fabric is represented at the different level of the decision‐making spheres since our independence in 1968. This has contributed towards peaceful cohabitation of the different ethnic groups. The country has enhanced, over the years, its fight against corruption through socio‐ economic policies and legal frameworks. Mauritius has made several attempts to rethink its political Governance framework so as to accelerate a modern and healthier nation‐building process, establish a better model of representative democracy, and contribute towards the fight against corruption. It is therefore important to stimulate discussion about the way forward with regards to Political Governance in Mauritius, so as to propose measures having the potential to contribute toward the consolidation of the peaceful and stable Mauritian society through conflict management and anti‐corruption strategies. This academic workshop provides academicians and researchers with the opportunity to write conference papers and present same to a wider audience. It also creates a forum for OSSREA members to engage in academic debates The Workshop critically examines the existing political governance framework, assessing its contribution during the past 44 years in terms of conflict management, ensuring representation and fighting against corruption. It identifies the flaws of the present system and proposes alternative models or specific amendments that need to be made. An evaluation of the present Mauritian political governance framework contributes towards leveling the playing field and promoting a more enabling society given that the effectiveness of measures implemented, the lessons learnt, as well as the gaps and the challenges ahead are investigated. http://www.ossrea.net 3 Guest Speech Why is Electoral Reform difficult in Mauritius? Dr Rama Sithanen OSSREA-Mauritius Chapter was honoured by the presence and the inspirational Key-Note speech of Dr Rama Sithanen GCSK at the Academic workshop. Presently Chairman and Director, International Financial Services LTD (Mauritius), Dr Rama Sithanen was Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance and Economic Empowerment of Mauritius between 2005 and 2010. He was also Minister of Finance and Economic Development of Mauritius between 1991 and 1995, and has held several senior positions in the private sector as well as acted as an adviser and consultant to regional and international organisations and Governments. Furthermore, he is also a former Director of Strategy at the African Development Bank in Tunis. Dr Sithanen was Governor for Mauritius at the International Monetary Fund (1991-1995; 2005-2010) and at the World Bank (2005-2010) and Governor at the African Development Bank (1991-1995 and 2005-2010). He was leader of the Mauritius delegation at the Joint Annual IMF/WB meeting and the Commonwealth Finance Ministers meeting (1991-1995; 2005-2010). He was Chairperson of the Council of Ministers of Finance of COMESA (2008-2010), leader of the Mauritius delegation and also spoke person for ACP countries during the WTO negotiation in the Green Room at Geneva in 2008 and leader of the Mauritius delegation during the AGOA negotiation in 2008 in Washington. He is currently Chairman and Director of International Financial Services, focusing on strategy, policy and business development. He read economics at the London School of Economics and Political Science and holds a BSc with First Class Honours, and an MSc with a mark of Distinction. He has completed a PhD in Political Science from Brunel University, UK. 4 OSSREA-Mauritius Chapter (2012-2014) Executive Committee N. Ragodoo Liaison Officer (middle) FSSH, UoM D. Padachi Secretary/ Finance Officer (left) SBMF, UTM R. Suntoo PR/ Drive Officer (right) FSSH, UoM D.Gokulsing Member of E.C FSSH, UoM 5 Assoc Prof J Chan‐Low, Dean, Prof S. Bunwaree, Chairperson Faculty of Social Studies and Humanities, University of Mauritius 6 “Bonne Gouvernance” et Développement Constitutionnel l’île Maurice de l’Après Guerre à l’Indépendance Manorama Akung Doctorante, Université de la Réunion INTRODUCTION: ETYMOLOGIE L’origine et l’histoire du vocable ‘gouvernance’ sont rarement énoncées de manière unique, et diffèrent selon les auteurs, chaque entité soutenant tel ou tel forme de ce 1 parcours.0F Pour certains l’étymologie du mot ‘gouvernance’, qui signifiait alors la direction des baillages, remonte au XIIe siècle en 2 France.1F Mais pour d’autres, c’est Platon qui se servit du verbe grec kubernáo (qui voulait La gouvernance apparaît dans le langage dire piloter un navire ou un char) de façon international dans les années 1990, sous l’élan métaphorique dans La République pour la des institutions financières de Bretton Woods, première fois, et utilisa le lexique militaire précisément la Banque Mondiale, le Fonds 7 dans un cadre politique en faisant allusion au Monétaire International et l’OCDE6F avec la poste stratégique puissant avec des grandes formule prépondérante, et bientôt dogme, la 3 8 7F responsabilités qu’occupe un pilote.2F good governance ou « bonne gouvernance ». Puis le mot est passé au XIIIe siècle, en Comme l’étymologie, les définitions de langues anglaise, espagnole et portugaise dans gouvernance sont antinomiques, et hautement 4 9 8F un sens synonyme de gouvernement.3F On le polysémiques chacun le conceptualisant de retrouve ensuite en terme de droit dans sorte à arborer leur position et indiquer leur 10 l’ancien français en 1478, et il fut employé objectifs distincts.9F Selon une notion large, la ultérieurement en 1679 au sens large de 5 « charge de gouvernance ».4F Le terme de gouvernance resta dans la terminologie 7Bellina Séverine (2008): op cit, p4; Charles Tournier contemporaine à travers l’anglais, governance, (2007): op cit, p.70; Cvetek Nina, Daiber Friedel (2009): 6 dans le sens de management.5F Qu’est-ce que la Société Civile? Antananarivo, KMF- CNOE [u.a.], p.19, http.www.library.fes.de 8Bellina Séverine (2008): op cit, p4; Charles Tournier (2007) : op cit, 9Freyss Jean: Gouvernance Guide de cours. Université 1Bellina Séverine, Magro Hervé, de Villemeur Violaine Paris I, Pantheon-Sorbonne. Institut D’étude Du (2008): La Gouvernance démocratique. Un nouveau Développement Économique et Social. IEDES PSD paradigme pour le développement? Institute de option 2 2003-2004. www.institut-gouvernance.org Recherche et Débat sur la Gouvernance, http://www.institut-gouvernance.org, p.3 10Lamine Mandiang: Reflexions Autour du Concept de 2Ibid Gouvernance. Dakar, CESTI : 06-09 mai 2008 institut 3Charles Tournier (2007) : Le Concept de Gouvernance PANOS Afrique de l’Ouest, p.2 ; Kouider Boutaleb: en Science Politique Pap. Polít.[online] Bogotá Démocratie, État de droit et bonne gouvernance en (Colombia), Vol. 12, No. 1, p.66 Afrique : le cas de l’Algérie. Université Abou 4Bellina Séverine (2008): op cit BekrBelkaid Tlemcen, Algerie. 5Ibid http://www.francophonie-durable.org 6 Ibid 7 gouvernance indique une manière d’aborder Bien que la notion de « bonne gouvernance » la question du gouvernement qui ne donne pas soit relativement nouvelle, cette la priorité à l’art de gouverner et aux communication, qui n’est qu’une ébauche, vise techniques de conduite de l’action, mais aux à placer la bonne gouvernance à Maurice dans relations entre les dirigeants et les dirigés, une perspective historique. En utilisant son 11 notamment la société civile et l’Etat.10F contenu et les principes qui le sous-tendent, elle décrit brièvement son introduction et son Le combat contre la corruption, le népotisme évolution plus précisément dans la période et le clientélisme fonde la base essentielle de charnière où l’île Maurice expérimentait son 12 la « bonne gouvernance ».11F Selon cette passage à une des plus importantes étapes du conception, la « bonne gouvernance » est processus de démocratisation qu’est la genèse établit sur les
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