DOCSLIB.ORG

The Potentially Bright Future of Radio: an Analysis of Interviews From

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Running head: THE POTENTIALLY BRIGHT FUTURE OF RADIO The Potentially Bright Future of Radio: An Analysis of Interviews from Radio Professionals Regarding Radio's Past, Present and Future A Thesis submitted to Southern Utah University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Professional Communication May 2014 By Shawn L. Denevan Thesis Committee: Dr. Arthur Challis, Ed.D, Chair Dr. L. Paul Husselbee, Ph.D Dr. Matthew H. Barton, Ph.D ` THE POTENTIALLY BRIGHT FUTURE OF RADIO ii The Potentially Bright Future of Radio: An Analysis of Interviews from Radio Professionals Regarding Radio's Past, Present and Future Shawn Lee Denevan Dr. Arthur Challis, Thesis Supervisor Abstract Speculation regarding the viability of radio's future presents itself whenever a new audio medium is put forward as a possible competitor to radio. From TV, FM radio, CDs, cassettes, Satellite radio and now Internet radio, AM/FM terrestrial radio has been predicted to "die" at the hand of these competitors numerous times since radio's inception. The Telecommunications Act of 1996 changed the way radio operated as a business. Technology has changed the way radio stations program content. The Internet has provided new audio competition for radio. This study examines the role of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, changes in content and programming, and technology that continues to affect the way radio is perceived as a business and as a medium. An analysis of interviews from radio professionals—whose careers in the radio business may span from before the Telecommunications Act of 1996 to the present, and who have the insight and knowledge to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of radio's past and present—suggests that radio has a bright future if radio can return, in portion, to its past programming ideals of being live, local, and relevant to the communities it serves. This information may provide insight and guidance for the radio industry to remain a competitive and relevant media. THE POTENTIALLY BRIGHT FUTURE OF RADIO iii Table of Contents Approval Page .................................................................................................................................. i Abstract ................................................................................................................................. ii I. The Potentially Bright Future of Radio ...................................................................................... 1 II. Literature Review .................................................................................................................... 11 A. The Telecommunications Act of 1996 ............................................................ 11 B. Local Content: The DJ and the Listener .......................................................... 15 C. Radio's Money: Radio is a Business ............................................................... 21 D. Technologies Role in Changing Radio ........................................................... 24 E. Uses and Gratifications Theory ....................................................................... 28 F. Research Questions .......................................................................................... 30 III. Method ............................................................................................................................... 30 VI. Discussion 1, Before the Telecommunications Act of 1996 ................................................. 40 A. Radio as a Business ......................................................................................... 40 B. Community ...................................................................................................... 43 C. Technology ...................................................................................................... 48 D. Uses and Gratifications Theory ....................................................................... 49 V. Discussion 2, After the Telecommunications Act of 1996 ..................................................... 51 A. Radio as a Business ......................................................................................... 51 B. Community ...................................................................................................... 55 C. Technology ...................................................................................................... 62 D. Uses and Gratifications ................................................................................... 70 VI. Conclusion, What is the Future of Radio? ............................................................................. 72 Based on Radio's Past and Present, What Should Radio do to Secure its Bright Future? ...... 72 THE POTENTIALLY BRIGHT FUTURE OF RADIO iv A. Technology...................................................................................................... 72 B. Content ............................................................................................................ 77 C. Business ........................................................................................................... 78 References ..................................................................................................................................... 82 Appendix 1 Qualitative Questions ................................................................................................ 90 Appendix 2 Recruitment Letter ................................................................................................... 94 Appendix 3 Pre Interview Information ......................................................................................... 95 Appendix 4 Interviews .................................................................................................................. 96 THE POTENTIALLY BRIGHT FUTURE OF RADIO 1 The Potentially Bright Future of Radio Radio has a bright future if—and only if—it can partially return to its programming roots of being live, local and relevant. Regulations governing the radio industry were relaxed with the passage of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 (TA96). The radio industry has drastically changed its business model from serving the public interest with information and entertainment, to maximizing monetary profits from each radio station by the consolidation of radio properties, layoff of non-essential employees, streamlining of on-air content, specific use of certain automation technology to lower overhead costs, and limited use and acceptance of Internet-based technologies viewed by some in the industry as not important enough to study or worth the investment (Plunket, 2010). Radio ownership has made it clear that its primary goal is profitability. Since the TA96, radio has reduced the amount of live and local entertainment and informational news. As mobile technology has evolved with the introduction of the Apple iPhone in 2007 (Farber, 2014), and the first release of an Android phone in 2008 (German, 2011), new content and media have become more accessible through the Internet via these and other mobile devices. Radio listeners are migrating from conventional AM/FM radio to Internet-based-audio content because they have more options. Because radio owners and managers actively embrace the TA96, choose to make changes in radio operations and programming for primarily economic reasons, and do not embrace emerging Internet technologies and HD radio, they are contributing to the perception, by those who comment on electronic media (Lycan, 2013; Quain, 2011), that radio is a dying medium. The radio industry needs to give increased attention to providing more live, local and relevant information, in addition to embracing cross media branding, or the future of radio as a profitable and viable media may be in question. This author believes that the radio industry is on a course of self-destruction based on the decisions, and lack thereof, by station owners and managers. Those directing its path are doing so at the expense of radio's long-term financial future as a local, live, relevant distributor of information and ` THE POTENTIALLY BRIGHT FUTURE OF RADIO 2 entertainment to the communities it serves, so as to achieve short term financial gain for themselves and those who have financial investments in radio. By providing a product whose quality has been reduced to an audience quickly moving to other audio media for information and entertainment, radio is not enticing its listeners to stay, as the audience chooses more and different avenues for audio entertainment and information. Radio has the ability to be live, local and relevant, but the desire to maximize investors' respective bottom lines has crippled that potential. Radio's bright future is based on a partial return to more live and local programming that once allowed the medium to thrive before the TA96, while incorporating the financial lessons learned post- TA96 that allowed radio to become financially stable. The Telecommunications Act of 1996 was drafted to govern the growing industries of radio, broadcast and cable television, telephone, and other emerging telecommunication technologies. The TA96 was originally proposed to allow more competition in the marketplace by allowing any telecommunications company to compete against any other telecommunications company ("Telecommunications Act," 1996). The TA96 promised growth in the separate communication industries, more jobs, more money infused into the economy, and
Recommended publications
  • 8364 Licensed Charities As of 3/10/2020 MICS 24404 MICS 52720 T

    8364 Licensed Charities As of 3/10/2020 MICS 24404 MICS 52720 T

    8364 Licensed Charities as of 3/10/2020 MICS 24404 MICS 52720 T. Rowe Price Program for Charitable Giving, Inc. The David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust USA, Inc. 100 E. Pratt St 25283 Cabot Road, Ste. 101 Baltimore MD 21202 Laguna Hills CA 92653 Phone: (410)345-3457 Phone: (949)305-3785 Expiration Date: 10/31/2020 Expiration Date: 10/31/2020 MICS 52752 MICS 60851 1 For 2 Education Foundation 1 Michigan for the Global Majority 4337 E. Grand River, Ste. 198 1920 Scotten St. Howell MI 48843 Detroit MI 48209 Phone: (425)299-4484 Phone: (313)338-9397 Expiration Date: 07/31/2020 Expiration Date: 07/31/2020 MICS 46501 MICS 60769 1 Voice Can Help 10 Thousand Windows, Inc. 3290 Palm Aire Drive 348 N Canyons Pkwy Rochester Hills MI 48309 Livermore CA 94551 Phone: (248)703-3088 Phone: (571)263-2035 Expiration Date: 07/31/2021 Expiration Date: 03/31/2020 MICS 56240 MICS 10978 10/40 Connections, Inc. 100 Black Men of Greater Detroit, Inc 2120 Northgate Park Lane Suite 400 Attn: Donald Ferguson Chattanooga TN 37415 1432 Oakmont Ct. Phone: (423)468-4871 Lake Orion MI 48362 Expiration Date: 07/31/2020 Phone: (313)874-4811 Expiration Date: 07/31/2020 MICS 25388 MICS 43928 100 Club of Saginaw County 100 Women Strong, Inc. 5195 Hampton Place 2807 S. State Street Saginaw MI 48604 Saint Joseph MI 49085 Phone: (989)790-3900 Phone: (888)982-1400 Expiration Date: 07/31/2020 Expiration Date: 07/31/2020 MICS 58897 MICS 60079 1888 Message Study Committee, Inc.
  • Federal Communications Commission Before the Federal

    Federal Communications Commission Before the Federal

    Federal Communications Commission Before the Federal Communications Commission Washington, D.C. 20554 In the Matter of ) ) Existing Shareholders of Clear Channel ) BTCCT-20061212AVR Communications, Inc. ) BTCH-20061212CCF, et al. (Transferors) ) BTCH-20061212BYE, et al. and ) BTCH-20061212BZT, et al. Shareholders of Thomas H. Lee ) BTC-20061212BXW, et al. Equity Fund VI, L.P., ) BTCTVL-20061212CDD Bain Capital (CC) IX, L.P., ) BTCH-20061212AET, et al. and BT Triple Crown Capital ) BTC-20061212BNM, et al. Holdings III, Inc. ) BTCH-20061212CDE, et al. (Transferees) ) BTCCT-20061212CEI, et al. ) BTCCT-20061212CEO For Consent to Transfers of Control of ) BTCH-20061212AVS, et al. ) BTCCT-20061212BFW, et al. Ackerley Broadcasting – Fresno, LLC ) BTC-20061212CEP, et al. Ackerley Broadcasting Operations, LLC; ) BTCH-20061212CFF, et al. AMFM Broadcasting Licenses, LLC; ) BTCH-20070619AKF AMFM Radio Licenses, LLC; ) AMFM Texas Licenses Limited Partnership; ) Bel Meade Broadcasting Company, Inc. ) Capstar TX Limited Partnership; ) CC Licenses, LLC; CCB Texas Licenses, L.P.; ) Central NY News, Inc.; Citicasters Co.; ) Citicasters Licenses, L.P.; Clear Channel ) Broadcasting Licenses, Inc.; ) Jacor Broadcasting Corporation; and Jacor ) Broadcasting of Colorado, Inc. ) ) and ) ) Existing Shareholders of Clear Channel ) BAL-20070619ABU, et al. Communications, Inc. (Assignors) ) BALH-20070619AKA, et al. and ) BALH-20070619AEY, et al. Aloha Station Trust, LLC, as Trustee ) BAL-20070619AHH, et al. (Assignee) ) BALH-20070619ACB, et al. ) BALH-20070619AIT, et al. For Consent to Assignment of Licenses of ) BALH-20070627ACN ) BALH-20070627ACO, et al. Jacor Broadcasting Corporation; ) BAL-20070906ADP CC Licenses, LLC; AMFM Radio ) BALH-20070906ADQ Licenses, LLC; Citicasters Licenses, LP; ) Capstar TX Limited Partnership; and ) Clear Channel Broadcasting Licenses, Inc. ) Federal Communications Commission ERRATUM Released: January 30, 2008 By the Media Bureau: On January 24, 2008, the Commission released a Memorandum Opinion and Order(MO&O),FCC 08-3, in the above-captioned proceeding.
  • THE WHY and Wherefore Or POOR RADIO RECEPTION

    THE WHY and Wherefore Or POOR RADIO RECEPTION

    Modern radios are pack ed w ith features and refin ements that add immeasurably to radio enjoyment. Yet , no amount of radio improve - ments can increase th is enjoyment 'unless these improvements are u sed-and used properly . Ev en older radios are seldom operated to bring out the fine performance which they are WITH capable of giving . So , in justice to yourself and ~nninqhom the fi ne radio programs now being transmitted , ask yoursel f this questi on: "A m I getting as much enjoyment from my r ad io as possible?" Proper radio o per atio n re solves itself into a RADIO TUBES matter of proper tunin g. Yes , it's as simple as that . But you would be su rprised how few Hour aft er hour .. da y a nd night ... all ye ar people really know ho w t o tune a radio . In lon g . .. th e air is fill ed with star s who enter- Figure 1, the dial pointer is shown in the tain you. News broad casts ke ep you abrea st of middle of a shaded area . A certain station can be heard when the pointer covers any part of a swiftl y moving world . .. sport scast s brin g this shaded area , but it can only be heard you the tingling thrill of competition afield. enjo yably- clearl y and without distortion- Yet none of the se broadca sts can give you when the pointer is at dead center , midway between the point where the program first full sati sfaction unle ss you hear th em properl y.
  • Broadcast Applications 12/8/2009

    Broadcast Applications 12/8/2009

    Federal Communications Commission 445 Twelfth Street SW PUBLIC NOTICE Washington, D.C. 20554 News media information 202 / 418-0500 Recorded listing of releases and texts 202 / 418-2222 REPORT NO. 27127 Broadcast Applications 12/8/2009 STATE FILE NUMBER E/P CALL LETTERS APPLICANT AND LOCATION N A T U R E O F A P P L I C A T I O N AM STATION APPLICATIONS FOR ASSIGNMENT OF LICENSE ACCEPTED FOR FILING TX BAL-20091202ACL KHEY 67771 CCB TEXAS LICENSES, INC. Voluntary Assignment of License E 1380 KHZ TX , EL PASO From: CCB TEXAS LICENSES, INC. To: CC LICENSES, LLC Form 316 TX BAL-20091202ACR KPRC 9644 CCB TEXAS LICENSES, INC. Voluntary Assignment of License E 950 KHZ TX , HOUSTON From: CCB TEXAS LICENSES, INC. To: CC LICENSES, LLC Form 316 TX BAL-20091202ACV KTKR 11945 CCB TEXAS LICENSES, INC. Voluntary Assignment of License E 760 KHZ TX , SAN ANTONIO From: CCB TEXAS LICENSES, INC. To: CC LICENSES, LLC Form 316 TX BAL-20091202ACW KTSM 69561 CCB TEXAS LICENSES, INC. Voluntary Assignment of License E 690 KHZ TX , EL PASO From: CCB TEXAS LICENSES, INC. To: CC LICENSES, LLC Form 316 TX BAL-20091202ACZ WOAI 11952 CCB TEXAS LICENSES, INC. Voluntary Assignment of License E 1200 KHZ TX , SAN ANTONIO From: CCB TEXAS LICENSES, INC. To: CC LICENSES, LLC Form 316 Page 1 of 139 Federal Communications Commission 445 Twelfth Street SW PUBLIC NOTICE Washington, D.C. 20554 News media information 202 / 418-0500 Recorded listing of releases and texts 202 / 418-2222 REPORT NO. 27127 Broadcast Applications 12/8/2009 STATE FILE NUMBER E/P CALL LETTERS APPLICANT AND LOCATION N A T U R E O F A P P L I C A T I O N AM STATION APPLICATIONS FOR ASSIGNMENT OF LICENSE ACCEPTED FOR FILING WA BAL-20091202ADB KHHO 18523 ACKERLEY BROADCASTING Voluntary Assignment of License OPERATIONS, LLC E 850 KHZ From: ACKERLEY BROADCASTING OPERATIONS, LLC WA , TACOMA To: CITICASTERS LICENSES, INC.
  • The Don Lee-Columbia System

    The Don Lee-Columbia System

    THE DON LEE-COLUMBIA SYSTEM: By Mike Adams 111 Sutter Street was not the only network broadcast address during the thirties. The other was 1000 Van Ness Avenue, the Don Lee Cadillac Building, headquarters for KFRC and the Don Lee-Columbia Network. It was there that another radio legend was born. Don Lee was a prominent Los Angeles automobile dealer, who had owned all the Cadillac and LaSalle dealerships in the State of California for over 20 years. After making a substantial fortune in the auto business, he decided to try his hand at broadcasting.1 In 1926, he purchased KFRC in San Francisco from the City of Paris department store. The following year he bought KHJ in Los Angeles and connected the two stations by telephone line to establish the Don Lee Broadcasting System. From the beginning, Lee spared no expense to make these two stations among the finest in the nation, as a 1929 article from Broadcast Weekly attests: Both KHJ and KFRC have large complete staffs of artists, singers and entertainers, with each station having its own Don Lee Symphony Orchestra, dance band and organ, plus all of the musical instruments that can be used successful in broadcasting. It is no idle boast that either KHJ or KFRC could operate continuously without going outside their own staffs for talent, and yet give a variety with an appeal to every type of audience.[2] In 1929, CBS still had no affiliates west of the Rockies, and this was making it difficult for the network to compete with its larger rival, NBC.
  • Engineering in K-12 Education: Understanding the Status and Improving the Prospects

    Engineering in K-12 Education: Understanding the Status and Improving the Prospects

    This PDF is available from The National Academies Press at http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12635 Engineering in K-12 Education: Understanding the Status and Improving the Prospects ISBN Linda Katehi, Greg Pearson, and Michael Feder, Editors; Committee on 978-0-309-13778-2 K-12 Engineering Education; National Academy of Engineering and National Research Council 234 pages 6 x 9 PAPERBACK (2009) Visit the National Academies Press online and register for... Instant access to free PDF downloads of titles from the NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL 10% off print titles Custom notification of new releases in your field of interest Special offers and discounts Distribution, posting, or copying of this PDF is strictly prohibited without written permission of the National Academies Press. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Request reprint permission for this book Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Engineering in K-12 Education: Understanding the Status and Improving the Prospects Committee on K–12 Engineering Education Linda Katehi, Greg Pearson, and Michael Feder, Editors Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Engineering in K-12 Education: Understanding the Status and Improving the Prospects THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.
  • Linda Baun's Dedication Will Leave

    Linda Baun's Dedication Will Leave

    SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2020 CHAIR’S COLUMN Prepare for election season Baun takes bow after 14 years at WBA We are now entering the election window. One very WBA Vice President Linda Baun will retire from the important heads up: You must upload everything organization in September after 14 years. to your Political File (orders, copy, audio or video) Baun joined the WBA in 2006 and led numerous WBA as soon as possible. As soon as possible is the catch events including the Broadcasters Clinic, the WBA phrase. Numerous broadcast companies, large and Awards for Excellence program and Awards Gala, the small, have signed off on Consent Decrees with the Student Seminar, the winter and summer confer- FCC for violating this phrase. What I have been told is, ences, and many other WBA events including count- get it in your Political File by the next day. less social events and broadcast training sessions. She Linda Baun Chris Bernier There are so many great examples of creative pro- coordinated the WBA’s EEO Assistance Action Plan, WBA Chair gramming and selling around the state. Many of you ran several committees, and handled administration are running the classic Packer games in place of the of the WBA office. normal preseason games. With high school football moved to the “Linda’s shoes will be impossible to fill,” said WBA President and CEO spring in Michigan our radio stations there will air archived games Michelle Vetterkind. “Linda earned a well-deserved reputation for from past successful seasons. This has been well received and we always going above and beyond what our members expected of her were able to hang on to billing for the fall.
  • Before the FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION Washington, D.C

    Before the FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION Washington, D.C

    Before the FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20554 In the Matter of ) ) Revitalization of the AM Radio Service ) MB Docket No. 13-249 REPLY COMMENTS OF THE AM RADIO PRESERVATION ALLIANCE ON FURTHER NOTICE OF PROPOSED RULE MAKING The AM Radio Preservation Alliance Members: Alpha Media LLC Bonneville International Corporation CBS Radio Inc. Cox Media Group, LLC Cumulus Media Inc. Entercom Communications Corp. Family Stations, Inc. Grand Ole Opry, LLC Greater Media, Inc. Hearst Stations Inc. Hubbard Radio, LLC iHeartMedia + Entertainment, Inc. NRG License Sub, LLC Scripps Media, Inc. Townsquare Media, Inc. Tyler Media, L.L.C. Tribune Broadcasting Company, LLC April 18, 2016 SUMMARY These Reply Comments are submitted by the AM Radio Preservation Alliance (the “Alliance”) addressing those proposals in the Commission’s Further Notice of Proposed Rule Making, FCC 15-142, MB Docket No. 13-249 (the “FNPRM”) to alter interference protections for Class A AM stations and to reduce the protected daytime contours for Class B, C and D AM stations. These FNPRM proposals, and the variations thereof suggested by certain commenters, would do more harm than good, and if adopted, would undermine the efforts to revitalize the AM radio service undertaken in the Commission’s First Report and Order in this proceeding. The Alliance Comments filed in this docket submitted evidence, grounded in audience data, listener responses and engineering studies, establishing that the FNPRM proposals to protect Class A AM stations only to their 0.1 mV/m groundwave
  • Media Announcement

    Media Announcement

    MEDIA ANNOUNCEMENT FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE BAY AREA RADIO HALL OF FAME ANNOUNCES FIRST CLASS OF HONOREES San Francisco (October 4, 2006) — The Bay Area Radio Museum is proud to announce the first group of inductees into the Bay Area Radio Hall of Fame. The selections were made following a year of study during which input from broadcast professionals, fans and historians was weighed to establish criteria and nominees for enshrinement. Among the first inductees are pioneers from the earliest period of local radio development nearly a century ago, as well as popular personalities from the modern era. Many of the names, such as Don Sherwood and Tom Donahue, may be instantly recognizable. Others, such as Colin B. Kennedy and Harrison Holliway, may be less so. In either case, it is hoped that the creation of the Hall of Fame will help to honor the men and women who have made Bay Area radio so popular over the years, and will make their names and accomplishments known for generations to come. For the near future, the Bay Area Radio Hall of Fame will exist primarily on the Internet at www.barhof.com, although a permanent exhibit is planned at the old KRE radio studios in Berkeley, which are being refurbished by the California Historical Radio Society (CHRS). The Bay Area Radio Hall of Fame is spearheaded by the Bay Area Radio Museum, which is an affiliate of the Broadcast & Newspaper Museum of Northern California consortium, which also includes CHRS and the Broadcast Legends. The radio museum was founded in 2005, and currently presents archival broadcast recordings, photographs, documents and historical essays on its website at www.bayarearadio.org.
  • The Rise of Talk Radio and Its Impact on Politics and Public Policy

    The Rise of Talk Radio and Its Impact on Politics and Public Policy

    Mount Rushmore: The Rise of Talk Radio and Its Impact on Politics and Public Policy Brian Asher Rosenwald Wynnewood, PA Master of Arts, University of Virginia, 2009 Bachelor of Arts, University of Pennsylvania, 2006 A Dissertation presented to the Graduate Faculty of the University of Virginia in Candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of History University of Virginia August, 2015 !1 © Copyright 2015 by Brian Asher Rosenwald All Rights Reserved August 2015 !2 Acknowledgements I am deeply indebted to the many people without whom this project would not have been possible. First, a huge thank you to the more than two hundred and twenty five people from the radio and political worlds who graciously took time from their busy schedules to answer my questions. Some of them put up with repeated follow ups and nagging emails as I tried to develop an understanding of the business and its political implications. They allowed me to keep most things on the record, and provided me with an understanding that simply would not have been possible without their participation. When I began this project, I never imagined that I would interview anywhere near this many people, but now, almost five years later, I cannot imagine the project without the information gleaned from these invaluable interviews. I have been fortunate enough to receive fellowships from the Fox Leadership Program at the University of Pennsylvania and the Corcoran Department of History at the University of Virginia, which made it far easier to complete this dissertation. I am grateful to be a part of the Fox family, both because of the great work that the program does, but also because of the terrific people who work at Fox.
  • Minnesota Emergency Alert System Statewide Plan 2016

    Minnesota Emergency Alert System Statewide Plan 2016

    Minnesota Emergency Alert System Statewide Plan 2016 MINNESOTA EAS STATEWIDE PLAN Revision 9 Basic Plan 11/9/2016 I. REASON FOR PLAN The State of Minnesota is subject to major emergencies and disasters, natural, technological and criminal, which can pose a significant threat to the health and safety of the public. The ability to provide citizens with timely emergency information is a priority of emergency managers statewide. The Emergency Alert System (EAS) was developed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to provide emergency information to the public via television, radio, cable systems and wire line providers. The Integrated Public Alert and Warning System, (IPAWS) was created by FEMA to aid in the distribution of emergency messaging to the public via the internet and mobile devices. It is intended that the EAS combined with IPAWS be capable of alerting the general public reliably and effectively. This plan was written to explain who can originate EAS alerts and how and under what circumstances these alerts are distributed via the EAS and IPAWS. II. PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES OF PLAN A. Purpose When emergencies and disasters occur, rapid and effective dissemination of essential information can significantly help to reduce loss of life and property. The EAS and IPAWS were designed to provide this type of information. However; these systems will only work through a coordinated effort. The purpose of this plan is to establish a standardized, integrated EAS & IPAWS communications protocol capable of facilitating the rapid dissemination of emergency information to the public. B. Objectives 1. Describe the EAS administrative structure within Minnesota. (See Section V) 2.
  • WHITE's WINTER 1952 25C B

    WHITE's WINTER 1952 25C B

    RADIO STATION 1952 LISTINGS RADIQWHITE'S WINTER 1952 25c B. MAR. If44:IL LOG RADIO STATIONS SHORT WAVE TELEVISION FREQUENCYFMMODULATION Vol. 29 Keep "Up -to -Date" on Radio Stations No. 1 WHITE'S RADIO LOG Published quarterly by C. DeWitt White Co.. P. 0. Box 142, Bronxville,N. Y. Charles D'Vir. White, Proprietor.25c per copy, 75c yearly subscription. WINTER 1952 ISSUE January - February- March Entered as second -close matter May 21. 1936. at the Post Office at Bronsville, N. Y., the act of March 3. 1879. under C. DeWITT WHITE CO. Publishers P. 0. Box 142, Bronxville 8, N. Y. COPYRIGHT 1952 BY C. DeWITTWHITE CO. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Absolute accuracy of Station and Program information listed in this publication is notguaranteed, although the publishers have applied their best endeavors in compilingsame. Contents of this booklet fully covered by U. S. copyright. Any person who wilfullyor for profit shall infringe any part thereof will be prosecuted to the full extent of the law. 25c Per Copy at Newsstands Yearly Subscription 75 cents Printed in U. S. A. UNITED STATES BROADCASTING STATIONS ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY BY CALL LETTERS NOTE: Only Stations that have been granted a license at time we go to press,appear in this list. FOR WATT POWER OF STATION SEE LIST ARRANGED BY KILOCYCLES Abbreviation: Kg., frequency in kilocycles. Call Let'rs He.Call Let'rs Re.Call Let'rs Re. DZPI Manila,P.I. 800KBKR Baker,Ore. 1490KCJB Minot, N.D. 910 DZRH Manila, P.I. 710KBKW Aberdeen,Wash. 1450TICKN Kansas City,Kansas 1340 KAAA Red Wing,Minn.