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The Texas Observer OCT. 4, 1963

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The Texas Observer OCT. 4, 1963 The Texas Observer OCT. 4, 1963 A Journal of Free Voices A Window to The South 25c Letter from Selma, Alabama Selma, Ala. called "the movement") says that only 200 vigilance committee was formed to watch Sept. 25, 1963 out of 14,000 Negroes who could be eligible out for abolitionists, to search "the houses Dear Readers : to vote are registered.* Such circumstances and boxes of slaves" for arms, and to You will pardon me for abandoning the mean in practical effect that Negroes execute "summary and instant punish- usual forms and writing you a letter. So have no political leverage; they have no ment" against disturbers of the institution much has been happening here this week, legitimatized power to improve their gen- of slavery. By 1860, Dallas County had so much speechmaking, scowling, singing, eral condition. 26,000 Negroes and 8,000 whites. There demonstrating, so many arrests, so much Early last summer a Snick worker was a three-story house in the town that faith and so much anger, I could not, in named Bernard Lafayette arrived here and could accommodate (as the book said) 400 the time left me before I mail this, hope began encouraging local Negroes to try to to 500 Negroes. There was a sitting room to put it into some customary form, and register as voters. Before this week, 14 downstairs where they were exhibited and if I could, an excess of details might pit mass meetings were held, with attendance bought, "field hands, women and children the truth. ranging between 300 and 600. Father Mau- of all ages, sizes, and qualities." This was It has just begun to drizzle out my win- rice Ouellet, S.S.E., a 37-year-old Catholic the Selma that has descended to the pres- --dow at the Y, drizzle in a whirling way- priest who is the only white who speaks ent day: stately, well kept mansions and I can see the light flecks of rain churning out on the liberal side of the race question lesser high-peaked homes, and stately re- in defiance of gravity, gray against the here, says Negroes have been denied the fusals to meet with 1963 Negroes to discuss darkened double-door of a house across the right to vote when they tried to register any of their demands. street—but otherwise these have been because they can't pass a written test. The bright early fall days since I arrived here Father, who has a Negro parish, says that Monday afternoon, in time for the first of DESCENDED ALSO, perhaps, he knows a Negro college graduate who from the traditions of committees of vigil- the Negroes' mass night meetings this took the test twice and failed both times. week at their First Baptist Church. Only ance is burly Dallas County Sheriff Jim (A spokesman for the segregationist com- Clark's "posse," a group of at least 60, Negroes—no whites—are demonstrating in munity, "the white power structure," says Selma. About 280 have been arrested, and and perhaps as many as 300 men, specially that whites have also failed it.) "One man, deputized, whom Clark has carried with more will be. The demonstrators' headquar- one vote" has become the Negroes' cry in ters, a Negro church, has been heavily him to Birmingham and Tuscaloosa to help Selma, as it is in other parts of the South quell racial disturbances, and who have patrolled and watched by police. (and even in South Africa). Beyond that, The civil rights movement in the South joined regular local, county, and state cops of course, Negroes here are contending for here this week in routing the unresisting is being managed, or supervised, by several better jobs, better pay, the right to eat in organizations, which seem to have divided Negro children and youths who have dem- any cafe, the removal of the signs, "White," onstrated in the streets since Tuesday. The up their localities of concern, one taking "Colored." these cities and towns, another, those. possemen wear helmets of various colors They are braving history. I just dropped Selma, Alabama, a black belt town 90 miles —yellow, green, red, white—and uniforms south of Birmingham that was founded in on the public library, where the Negroes contrived sometimes of khakis, sometimes have recently been permitted to check out forty years before the civil war, falls with- just of work clothes ; they have clubs and in the jurisdiction, if that is the word, of books, but where, rather than have the electric prod sticks to help them in their reading room integrated, it has been the Student Non-Violent Coordinating work. Committee, nick-named, (after the way closed. Therefore, when I needed a place The whites in this deep Dixie town seem to thumb through the histories of Selma, its initials might sound with a vowel,) to be almost solidly opposed to substantial "Snick." Shortly Snick's young, dedicated I was directed into the reading room only concessions to the Negroes. When Gov. workers here will be moving next door into to find tables with no chairs, except for George Wallace spoke here to the Citizens' rural Mississippi, but they are not likely a stool for the lowest shelves, which I drew Council this summer, 6,800 attended. to find, even there, a town much more up to a children's table. It was an odd ex- Mayor Heinz, a director of 26 civic-type perience, squatting there in a reading room Southern than this. organizations, a successful businessman, Selma has 28,000 citizens; whites are in with no chairs at the tables. The gentle and a polite, cautious man, is a model of ladies behind the front counter turned on the majority by just 300, according to traditional civic probity. It is his position Mayor Chris Heinz. The county is named the overhead light for me. I found, in one that Selma will not change its racial cus- Dallas, after the father of Polk's vice- of the histories, accounts of Selma news- toms; that the demonstrations are all the president, and has about 56,000 citizens, paper ads for runaway slaves (in 1827, work of outside agitators (whose crucial 56% Negro. Voter registration figures are for "JOHN, a tall slim black fellow, about role in events here is, of course, manifest) ; hard to come by here, but a Negro minis- 27 or 28 years of age; CISILY, John's wife, and that Selma whites do not hate Negroes. ter in the Selma movement (in the Negroes' about 21 years old; her complexion not He has refused to discuss concessions with "any Negro group." Sheriff Clark, who speeches, the civil rights revolution is very black ; ROBIN, a yellow fellow, tall and stout made; has a large foot and re- says the Kennedy boys have "sold out for *The U.S. Commission on Civil Rights pro- markable long great toes. I think the one Negro votes," calls sit-ins "communist-led vides, as of Sept. 27, this official information: on the left is the largest. He has a scar on and inspired" and will not sit with a bi- In Dallas County, Ala., 242 Negroes, or 1.7% of his left arm just above the wrist about racial committee. The business community the estimated 14,509 voting age Negroes, are registered to vote. Of 14,400 voting-age whites, the size of a quarter dollar, and is about has been heard from in a full-page ad can- 8,953, or 63%, are registered to vote.—Ed. 20 years of age . ."). In 1835, a Selma didly warning Negroes that demonstrations may cause "reprisals" which hurt the in- fumigating fumes. Death? "I do think of towering rage, that it was "a birthmark nocent as well as the guilty. it," he said. "I don't want to die, I'll be up the side of his head." The Justice De- Father Ouellet tried to get white clergy- frank about that. But I could be killed in partment, represented here by one of the men to speak out. They would not meet a car, or an airplane. If I must die, let me 24 white lawyers in the civil rights divi- until the demonstrations had literally start- die involved in a struggle, and let my death sion and by the only Negro attorney in that ed, Monday a week ago, and when 30 of be .meaningful. When you have a pur- division, is expected to sue the accused of- them did, only three, two other priests and pose, you sort of forget about that." ficial (not Clark) in a few days under fed- one minister, agreed with him that a state- There have been some charges of vio- eral civil rights statutes. ment should be issued. The Father says a lence. When students sat in at downtown Death has come up many times during group of eight prominent Selma whites, drug stores, it is alleged in an affidavit, the mass meetings of the Negroes. When liberals and moderates, got in touch with a 15-year-old girl was pushed off a stool he addressed them Monday night, Lewis him, but that when he asked them to com- and, as she lay on the floor temporarily told them that if it was necessary, let blood mit themselves to sit on a bi-racial com- unconscious, jabbed with an electric prod. flow in the streets; but let it be Negroes' mittee, they all refused, giving business A Negro boy in this same drug store was blood, he said, because it should be inno- reasons.
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