Oleh Lilis Sariyanti 157047007 Studi Magister Sosiologi Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan 2

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Oleh Lilis Sariyanti 157047007 Studi Magister Sosiologi Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan 2 KERENTANAN MASYARAKAT DAN KAPASITAS PEMERINTAH DAERAH DALAM PENANGGULANGAN BANJIR DI KECAMATAN PASIE RAYA KABUPATEN ACEH JAYA TESIS OLEH LILIS SARIYANTI 157047007 STUDI MAGISTER SOSIOLOGI FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2018 i Universitas Sumatera Utara KERENTANAN MASYARAKAT DAN KAPASITAS PEMERINTAH DAERAH DALAM PENANGGULANGAN BANJIR DI KECAMATAN PASIE RAYA KABUPATEN ACEH JAYA TESIS Diajukan Sebagai Salah Satu Syarat untuk Memperoleh Gelar Magister Sosiologi dalam Program Studi pada Magister Sosiologi Universitas Sumatera Utara Oleh LILIS SARIYANTI 157047007 STUDI MAGISTER SOSIOLOGI FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2018 ii Universitas Sumatera Utara iii Universitas Sumatera Utara Telah diuji pada Tanggal : 24 Agustus 2018 PANITIA PENGUJI TESIS Ketua : Henri Sitorus, M.Sc., Ph.D Anggota : 1. Dr. Fikarwin Zuska, M. Si : 2. Prof. Rizabuana Ismail, M. Phil., PhD : 3. Drs. Henry Sitorus, M. Si : 4. Prof. Dr. M. Arif Nasution, MA iv Universitas Sumatera Utara PERNYATAAN Judul Tesis “Kerentanan Masyarakat dan Kapasitas Pemerintah Daerah dalam Penanggulangan Banjir di Kecamatan Pasie Raya Kabupaten Aceh Jaya” Dengan ini penulis menyatakan bahwa tesis ini disusun sebagai syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Magister Sosial pada Program Studi Magister Sosiologi Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Sumatera Utara adalah benar merupakan hasil karya penulis sendiri. Adapun pengutipan-pengutipan yang penulis lakukan pada bagian-bagian tertentu dari hasil karya orang lain dalam penulisan tesis ini, telah penulis cantumkan sumbernya secara jelas sesuai dengan norma, kaidah, dan etika penulisan ilmiah. Apabila di kemudian hari ternyata ditemukan seluruh atau sebagian tesis ini bukan hasil karya penulis sendiri atau adanya plagiat dalam bagian –bagian tertentu, penulis bersedia menerima sanksi pencabutan gelar akademik yang penulis sandang dan sanksi-sanksi lainnya sesuai dengan peraturan perundangan yang berlaku. Medan, 24 Agustus 2018 Penulis, Lilis Sariyanti v Universitas Sumatera Utara KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur kepada Tuhan yang maha esa, atas bantuan dan tuntunan-Nya penyusunan tesis dengan judul “Kerentanan masyarakat dan kapasitas pemerintah daerah dalam penanggulangan banjir Kecamatan Pasie Raya Kabupaten Aceh Jaya” dapat diselesaikan. Penulis telah berusahan menampilkan tesis ini dalam kondisi yang terbaik dan setepat mungkin, namun karena keterbatasan dan kelemahan yang ada, pasti terbuka kemungkinan kesalahan. Untuk itu penyusun mengharap masukan positif dari semua pihak untuk perbaikan tesis ini. Dengan penuh kerendahan hati, penyusun menyampaikan terima kasih yang tidak terhingga kepada semua pihak yang langsung maupun tidak lansung , turut andil dan memotivasi penyelesaian tesis ini, antara lain kepada : 1. Dr. Muriyanto Amin, S.Sos., M.Si selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Sumatera Utara. 2. Prof. Rizabuana, M.Phil, Ph.D selaku Ketua Program Studi Magister Sosiologi sekaligus dosen pembanding yang telah bersedia meluangkan waktu untuk memberikan bimbingan, masukan pemikiran, dan dukungan dalam penulisan dalam tesis ini. 3. Bapak Henri Sitorus, Ph.D selaku Pembimbing I yang telah memberi banyak masukan dan arahan dalam penulisan tesis ini. vi Universitas Sumatera Utara 4. Bapak Dr. Fikarwin Zuska M. Si selaku Pembimbing II yang telah memberi banyak masukan serta meluangkan banyak waktu dalam penyelesaian tesis ini. 5. Bapak Drs. Henry Sitorus, M.Si selaku dosen pembanding dalam ujian tesis, yang telah masukan dan koreksi demi penyempurnaan penyusunan tesis ini. 6. Prof. Dr. M. Arif Nasution, MA, selaku dosen penguji penguji tamu dalam ujian tesis ini, yang telah memberikan masukan dan arahan dalam penyempurnaan tesis ini. 7. Bapak dan Mamak serta adik tercinta yang selama ini tak henti-hentinya selalu mendoakan serta memberikan motivasi, semangat dan dukungan baik moril maupun materil selama menjalankan perkuliahan hingga proses penyelesaian tesis ini. 8. Seluruh rekan-rekan seperjuangan pada Progam Studi Magister Sosiologi Fakultas Ilmu Dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Sumatera Utara, atas bantuan dan dukungan yang diberikan selama perkuliahan. Segala bantuan dan dukungan mereka dapat menjadi amal dan dilimpahi berkat oleh Tuhan yang maha kuasa, terima kasih. Medan, 24 Agustustus 2018 Lilis Sariyanti vii Universitas Sumatera Utara ABSTRAK Banjir yang melanda beberapa kecamatan di Aceh Jaya disebabkan oleh luapan air sungai Teunom. Sungai Teunom merupakan salah satu sungai besar yang ada di Provinsi Aceh. Untuk mengkaji kerentanan masyarakat di Gampong Pulo Tinggi terhadap banjir serta kapasitas pemerintah daerah dalam menanggulangi banjir maka dilakukan analisis secara kualitatif dengan metode wawancara, observasi dan Forum Group Discussion. Hasil temuan menunjukkan bahwa bencana banjir ini terjadi akibat dari kemerosotan kualitas lingkungan yaitu adanya penggundulan hutan dan pembuatan tanggul yang belum maksimal. Terdapat beberapa pencegahan dari masyarakat untuk menghindari kerugian yang lebih besar akibat bencana banjir ini seperti membuat pondasi rumah yang lebih tinggi dari permukaan tanah, membuat pantee untuk meletakkan perabotan guna untuk menghindari terendam banjir, mengatur jadwal menanam padi yang disepakati melalui musyawarah kenduri blang. Upaya pencegahan yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat seperti kenduri blang dan tulak bala yang menjadi sebuah kearifan lokal merupakan hasil pewarisan nenek moyang berupa ritual permohonan kepada Tuhan. Penanggulangan banjir yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah belum begitu maksimal dalam hal pencegahan seperti tanggul yang harus diperpanjang, alat-alat saat terjadi banjir seperti perahu karet yang belum mencukupi dan Tim Reaksi Cepat yang hanya berjumlah 20 orang hingga 2018 untuk seluruh Kabupaten Aceh Jaya. Kata kunci : Kerentanan Masyarakat, Kapasitas Pemerintah, Penanggulangan Banjir viii Universitas Sumatera Utara ABSTRACT Flood which hits some sub-districts in Aceh Jaya is caused by the overflow of the Teunom River which is one of the big rivers in Aceh province. The objective of the research was to analyze the people‟s vulnerability at Gampong Pulo Tinggi to flood and the capacity of local government to handle it. The research was done qualitatively, by conducting interviews, observation, and Forum Group Discussion. The result of the research showed that flood was caused by the degradation of environmental quality such as illegal logging and lack of embankment construction. The efforts made by the local people were by making high home foundation, making pantee for placing the furniture to avoid soaking in the water, and arranging the schedule in planting rice plants through kenduri blang (big party) or warding off unfortunate which were local wisdom from generation to generation as rituals in requesting to God. It seems that the government does not maximally mitigate the floods such as lengthening the embankment, inadequate equipment like dinghies, and inadequate number of Quick Reaction Team members (there were only 20 of them) in 2018) in all over Aceh Province. Keywords: People’s Vulnerability, Government’s Capacity, Flood Mitigation ix Universitas Sumatera Utara DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL ...................................................................................... i KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................... vi ABSTRAK ..................................................................................................... viii DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................. x DAFTAR TABEL........................................................................................... xiii DAFTAR GAMBAR ...................................................................................... xiv DAFTAR SINGKATAN ................................................................................ xv BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang ........................................................................................... 1 1.2 Rumusan Masalah ...................................................................................... 14 1.3 Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian .................................................................. 14 BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA 2.1 Bencana dalam Perspektif Sosiologi .......................................................... 15 2.2 Pendekatan Sosiologi Bencana .................................................................. 17 2.3 Strategi Penanggulangan dan Pengurangan Risiko Bencana Banjir .......... 18 2.4 Penanggulangan Bencana Banjir................................................................ 21 2.4.1 Pra Bencana .......................................................................................... 22 2.4.1.1 Pencegahan dan Mitigasi Banjir ................................................. 22 2.4.1.2 Kesiapsiagaan Banjir .................................................................. 24 2.4.2 Strategi Penanggulangan Pada Saat Terjadinya Bencana .................... 24 2.4.2.1 Kesiapan Tanggap Darurat ......................................................... 24 2.4.2.2 Tanggap Darurat ........................................................................ 25 2.4.3 Pasca Bencana Banjir ........................................................................... 26 2.4.3.1 Pemulihan ................................................................................... 26 x Universitas Sumatera Utara 2.4.4 Tujuan Penanggulangan Bencana
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