Partition in the Classroom: Diff erentiated Strategies for Teaching India’s Partition Instructional MaMaterialss forfor the Social StudiesStudie Classroom AIM: South Asia is produced through South Asia Institute in the College of Liberal Arts AIM: South Asia the University of Texas at Austin Partition in the Classroom: Diff erentiated Strategies for Teaching India’s Partition Instructional Materials for the Social Studies Classroom Primary Researchers: Amber Abbas, PhD Studente Department of History University of Texas at Austin Rachel Meyer, Outreach Director Don Arntz, Media Coordinator South Asia Institute University of Texas at Austin Jamison Warren, Social Studies Teacher Stephen F. Austin High School Austin, Texas South Asia Institute University of Texas htt p://www.utexas.edu/cola/insts/southasia/[email protected] Partition in the Classroom: Diff erentiated Strategies for Teaching India’s Partition Instructional Materials for the Social Studies Classroom First Edition Publication Date: November 2007 Th is unit contains copyrighted material, which remains the prop- erty of the individual copyright holders. Permission is granted to reproduce this unit for classroom use only. Please do not redistribute this unit without prior permission. For more information, please see: htt p://www.utexas.edu/cola/insts/southasia/ I Table of Contents Partition in the Classroom: Diff erentiated Strategies for Teaching India’s Partition Instructional Materials for the Social Studies Classroom Introduction. .III Standards Alignment . IV Section One: Introductory Lessons. 1 Introduction to the 1947 Partition of India . .2 Introduction to Oral History . .26 Supplementary Lesson: Push-Pull Factors of Migration. 37 Section Two: Student Activities . 38 KWL . .39 Partitioning the Classroom. .40 Margaret Bourke-White Photo Analysis . .55 Political Cartoon Analysis. .70 Short Story Analysis – “Toba Tek Singh” . .78 Reading Oral Histories of Partition . .83 Oral History Jigsaw or Partition “Speed Dating” . 104 Take a Stand . 107 Creating Interpretive Materials . 108 Orchid and Onion. 111 Section Th ree: Lesson Planning . .112 Section Four: Student Products . .117 Appendix: Other Resources and Bibliography. .127 II Introduction Th is curriculum unit, “Partition in the Classroom: Diff erentiated Strategies for Teaching India’s Partition” was conceived at the 60th anniversary of the Partition of the Indian Subcontinent. Th e unit addresses the complex issue of teaching about Partition in classrooms increasingly defi ned by ethnic diversity. It treats Partition as a case study for analyzing and understanding other migration events while providing students with insights into the specifi c diffi cult and complex choices individuals, families and communities faced in 1947 in India. What were the experiences of individuals, families and communities when they were displaced? What eff ects did this movement have on understandings of national identity and citizenship? How are lessons learned from 1947 relevant today? How do diff erent individuals and communities remember Partition? How can oral histories provide students with additional perspectives on historical events and processes? “Partition in the Classroom” introduces these questions through a variety of primary source materials. Th e materials are designed to bring out many of the contemporary and remembered experiences of Partition. By addressing the issue of memory and the possibility for multiple experiences, the unit seeks to engage students with a history that takes place at the level of families and communities, rather than at the level of politicians and governments. Just as the unit introduces students to multiple ways of seeing and understanding history, the fi nal project allows students to utilize Multiple Intelligences to generate creative products. Th e unit begins with a brief introduction to the basic history and geography of the Partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947, located in Section One. Th is section also includes an Introduction to Oral History. Both original documents, in Microsoft PowerPoint, with Lecture Notes, are included on the CD. A supplementary lesson is also provided in this section on migration push/pull factors. Th is brief exercise allows students to think broadly about migration trends as well as the specifi c factors at stake in 1947 India. Section Two includes a number of student activities that draw on a variety of sources (photographs, political cartoons, oral histories and fi ction). Th e activities are designed for use in diverse classrooms with the intention of providing a selection that ensures maximum student participation and engagement. Th e activities are designed primarily for use at the high school level. Activities in the unit require students to synthesize information from primary and secondary sources and create interpretive materials for understanding the history and the geography of Partition. We include ideas for lesson planning in Section Th ree. Th e section provides guidance and strategies for planning lessons of varying lengths, classroom activities and enrichment/extension opportunities. Sample student products with rubrics are provided in Section Four. Finally, an Appendix contains a bibliography and resources for learning more about the 1947 Partition of India, including fi lms, Web sites, scholarly books, and fi ction. We hope you fi nd this unit useful. We welcome any feedback or comments you may have. III Standards Alignment Th is curriculum unit was designed to address the following standards in the Texas Essential Knowledge & Skills (TEKS): 113.33 World History Studies (High School) (6) Geography. Th e student understands the types and patt erns of sett lement, the factors that aff ect where people sett le, and processes of sett lement development over time. Th e student is expected to: B) explain the processes that have caused cities to grow such as location along transportation routes, availability of resources that have att racted sett lers and economic activities, and continued access to other cities and resources. (7) Geography. Th e student understands the growth, distribution, movement, and characteristics of world population. Th e student is expected: B) explain the political, economic, social, and environmental factors that contribute to human migration such as how national and international migrations are shaped by push-and-pull factors and how physical geography aff ects the routes, fl ows, and destinations of migration. (18) Culture. Th e student understands the ways in which cultures change and maintain continuity. Th e student is expected to: A) describe the impact of general processes such as migration, war, trade, independent inventions, and diff usion ofideas and motivations on cultural change. 113.34 World Geography Studies (High School) (7) Geography. Th e student understands the growth, distribution, movement, and characteristics of world population. Th e student is expected to: B) explain the political, economic, social, and environmental factors that contribute to human migration such as how national and international migrations are shaped by push-and-pull factors and how physical geography aff ects the routes, fl ows, and destinations of migration. Th is unit also addresses the following National Geography Standards from Th e National Geographic Society: Standard 9, Human Systems: Th e characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth’s surface. Grades 9-12 By the end of the twelft h grade, the students knows and understands: (1) trends in world population numbers and patt erns and (2) the impact of human migration on physical and human systems. IV Standards Alignment Th is unit also addresses the following National Standards for History for Grades 5-12 – World History presented by the National Center for History in the Schools: Th e student in grades 5-12 should understand Era 9 - Th e 20th Century Since 1945: Promises and Paradoxes Standard 1- Part three: how colonial empires broke up. Standard 2 -Th e search for community, stability, and peace in an interdependent world. Th is unit also addresses the following NCSS Standards and Performance Expectations: I. Culture Social Studies programs should include experiences that provide for the study of culture and cultural diversity, so that the [high school] learner can: b. predict how data and experiences may be interpreted by people from diverse cultural perspectives and frames of references. e. demonstrate the value of cultural diversity, as well as cohesion, within and across groups. II. Time, Continuity & Change Social Studies programs should include experiences that provide for the study of the ways human beings view themselves over time, so that the [high school] learner can: a. demonstrate that historical knowledge and the concept of time are socially infl uenced constructions that lead historians to be selective in the questions they seek to answer and the evidence they use. d. systematically employ processes of critical historical inquiry to reconstruct and reinterpret the past, such as using a variety of sources and checking their credibility, validating and weighing evidence for claims, and searching for causality. e. investigate, interpret, and analyze multiple historical and contemporary viewpoints within and across cultures related to important events, recurring dilemmas, and persistent issues, while employing empathy, skepticism, and critical judgment. IV. Individual Development & Identity Social Studies