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Home , Battle of Front Royal, Battle of Port Republic, Gettysburg Campaign, Irvin McDowell, Page Valley, Stonewall Brigade

Shenandoah AT WAR

If this Valley is lost, – Gen. is Thomas lost! J. “Stonewall” Jackson

One story... a thousand voices.

Visitors Guide to the ’s Civil War Story Shenandoah Valley Battlefields National Historic District Shenandoah Valley Battlefields National Historic District

Explore the National Historic District Other Areas By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher area by area... including Harpers Ferry, ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was Martinsburg, and thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and Winchester Charles Town Harpers Ferry including areas of Frederick and Clarke counties Page 40 for hours successfully repulsed Page 20 Signal Knob Winchester including Middletown, Strasburg, and Front Royal By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Page 24 Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole

line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took New Market including Luray and areas of Page County a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no Page 28 other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed

By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher Rockingham ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into including Harrisonburg and Luray confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours McDowell areas of Page County New Market Page 32 including areas successfully repulsed of Highland and Augusta counties Harrisonburg Page 36 Elkton By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to Monterey rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the

whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we

...or follow the Valley’s took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion Staunton Augusta Civil War campaigns. and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours Waynesboro including Staunton successfully repulsed and Waynesboro Jackson’s 1862 Valley Campaign Page 40 Page 6 By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... Rockbridge Lee’s 1863 Campaign including Lexington Page 10 There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into Page 42 1864 Campaigns: Sigel, Early, and Sheridan confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours Lexington Page 12 successfully repulsed

2 By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourseTable but to rallyof Contentsthe Brigade on higher

ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed The Valley’s By Civil degrees War History the whole line was

thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on6 higherJackson’ ground...s 1862 Valley There Campaign we took a stand and Harpers Ferry 10 Lee’s 1863 for hours successfully repulsed 12 The 1864 Lynchburg Campaign 14 Early’s 1864 Campaign Winchester 16 Sheridan’s 1864 Shenandoah Campaign By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but tolly ra the

Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsedAreas of the Valley By degrees the whole 20 Winchester, including areas of line wasWelcome thrown into to confusion the and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade Frederick on higher and Clarke ground... counties There we took a stand Shenandoahand for hours successfully Valley Battlefields repulsed National By degreesHistoric the District! whole line was24 thrownSignal Knob, into includingconfusion Middletown, and I had no Strasburg, and Front Royal other Fiercerecourse battles but were to fought rally across muchthe Brigadeof the nation on during higher the ground...Civil War. The There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed Shenandoah Valley saw some of the most significant action: ’s 28 New Market, including Luray and areas of Page County By degrees1862 the Valley whole Campaign, line was Lee’s thrown drive toward into Gettysburg,confusion and and Sheridan’s I had no1864 other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher 32 Rockingham, including Harrisonburg ground...Shenandoah There we Campaign took a allstand played and key for roles hours in the successfullycourse of the war. repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into and areas of Page County Luray Today visitors are able to view the Valley’s historic towns and landscapes much as confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground...36 McDowell, There weincluding took ara easstand of and for hours New Market they were seen by soldiers and civilians during the war. Highland and Augusta counties successfully repulsed This guide was created to help visitors explore that history. The guide is divided 40 Staunton, Waynesboro, and into two main sections. The first introduces you to the Valley’s Civil War history. Augusta County The second tells you about the wealth of sites in the National Historic District Harrisonburg 42 Lexington and Rockbridge County Elkton where you can learn about – Byand degreesexperience the – thatwhole history line today. was Finally,thrown there into is confusiona and I had no other recourseut b to Monterey list of resources available across the Valley to help you plan your visit. 44 Other Areas–, rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully including repulsed Harpers Ferr y, Martinsburg, By degrees the Thank you for your interest in the Shenandoah Valley’s Civil War story and Charles Town whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we The 150th Anniversary of the Other Information took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion 45 Planning Your Visit: Staunton The Virginia Sesquicentennial of the American Civil War and I hadCommission no other is recourseworking with but partners to rally across the Virginia Brigade to on higher ground... ThereEvents andwe Activities;took a stand and for hours Waynesboro commemorate the Civil War sesquicentennial. From 2011 Lodging, Dining, and Other Activities; successfully repulsed Tourism Offices to 2015, national parks, battlefields, museums, and historic sites throughout Virginia will provide visitors with unique 45 Virginia Civil War TrailsBy degrees the whole opportunities to study and experience our nation’s Civil War story. 46 About the National Historic District line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... Major commission programs include the annual Signature Conference, the Civil 46 Acknowledgments and Credits There weWar took 150 Legacya stand Project, and thefor HistoryMobile, hours successfully the An American repulsed Turning Point exhibit, 47 BySupporting degrees the the National whole Historicline was District thrown into confusionan educationaland I had DVD, no other the Walk recourse In Their Footstepsbut to webrally resource, the andBrigade a statewide on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours calendar of Sesquicentennial events. More information about the Commission’s Lexington successfullyprograms repulsed can be found at VirginiaCivilWar.org.

www.ShenandoahAtWar.org 3 The Homefront By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was he enchanting Shenandoah Valley has always been a bit different from and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the thrown into confusion and I had no other recourseTthe restbut of to Virginia rally and the it becameBrigade a onvalued higher pawn ground... in this most There uncivil we war. took a stand whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to and for hours successfully repulsed Here the Germans, the Scots-Irish, and the English met and melded. Adding to the cultural melting pot was a significant population of African-Americans, rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours most of whom were held in bondage, and large numbers of German-speaking successfully repulsed By degrees the whole linepacifists—Brethren was thrown into and confusion Mennonite. and I had no other recourse but tolly ra the By the mid-19th century, this rich Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsedThey commenced By degrees carrying the whole blending of cultures and geography By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took had created one of the wheat capitals the dead from the field... Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole a stand and for hours successfully repulsed of the country. By degrees Indeed, the the Valleywhole line wasO, thrownwhat intoa sickening confusion and sight I had no became vital as the “Breadbasket line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we tookafter a the stand andbattle... for hours Our successfully poor repulsed of the Confederacy” when the soldiers, how they suffered a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion andconflict I had began. no other recourse but toand rally died the that Brigade day! on higher – Eliza Clinedinst Crim other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfullyThe repulsedweathered Blue By degrees the whole line was thrown By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally theRidge Brigade Mountains on higher on the ground... east and rugged There Alleghenies we took aon stand the and for west protect the rich limestone valley plain. This region ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into hours successfully repulsed was strategically significant thanks to its ability to feed armies and its geographic location in relation to the confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours opposing capitals: Richmond and Washington. Certain successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrownhills into and confusion fields were andcontested I had time no andother time recourse again—ut b to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and taken,for hours lost and successfully retaken by both repulsed sides. The city of By degrees Winchester alone changed hands as many as 70 times. By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... Throughout the war, the lines between the homefront rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into and warfront blurred as battles raged in farmers’ fields, whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade onfilling higher churches ground... and homes There with we wounded.took a stand When and the for hours took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion successfully repulsed curtain closed on this horrific conflict, much of the region lay devastated, its population decimated. The and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully Valley had experiencedBy the degrees full measure the of the horrorswhole line was repulsed thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally ofthe war Brigade and was on forever higher changed. ground... There we took a stand By degrees the whole line was and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no repulsed Eliza Clinedinst Crim, resident of New Market

4 I had no sooner gotten By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other into the saddle when the recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand most vicious sounding and fterfor ahours series successfullyof small clashes inrepulsed By degrees the bullet I ever heard swished A1861, Shenandoah Valley residents whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to by my ear and I thought it first heard the great thunder of war in had taken a part of it off. rallythe spring the of 1862Brigade when on Gen. higher Thomas ground... There we took a stand and for hours J. “Stonewall” Jackson began one of the – Sgt. William B. Colston, 2nd Virginia Infantry successfully repulsed most audacious and brilliant military campaigns in American history, drawing thousands of Union troops from the Federal campaign to take Richmond. By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but tolly ra the The next year, in crafting his campaign—an effort that would Brigadeend on athigher Gettysburg—Gen. ground... There Robert E.we Leetook used a standthe Shenandoah and for Valley’shours successfullyunique repulsed By degrees the whole line wasgeography thrown andinto position confusion as an and “avenue I had of advance”no other for recourse his invasion but north. to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took The Valley supplied his men but most importantly, Lee used the Blue a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no Ridge to screen his army from Federal eyes as it moved north into other Pennsylvania.recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degreesThe theyear 1864whole sawline the was turning thrown point into in the confusion Civil War and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground...for There the Valley. we Atook series a ofstand summertime and for victories hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into were the last the Confederates would see in confusionthe andShenandoah I had no Valley. other Desperate recourse Federal but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfullyleaders turnedrepulsed to a new commander, Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, and in the fall Sheridan delivered several stinging defeats, dashingBy degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourseut b to Confederate hopes. Federal rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the forces embarked on scorched- whole lineearth was operations thrown that into burned confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a standand laid and to waste for hours much successfullyof the repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion Valley’s agricultural bounty. The and I hadConfederacy no other had recourse lost control but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsedof the Shenandoah Valley. Six months later, the war ended 50 miles away in the small Virginia By degrees the whole line was throwntown into ofconfusion Appomattox. and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and Pvt. John J. Rhodes for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no 5th Virginia () Fatal Fields www.ShenandoahAtWar.org 5 If this Valley is lost, Virginia– Gen. Thomasis lost! J. “Stonewall” Jackson

Harpers Ferry

Winchester

FIRST KERNSTOWN Confederate Gen. Thomas J. March 23 “Stonewall” Jackson Front Royal Washington March 23 - May 8

Jackson

Harrisonburg

Elkton McDowell

MCDOWELL Fredericksburg May 8

Staunton

May 8 - May 25 Harpers Ferry

FIRST WINCHESTER Lexington May 25

FRONT ROYAL May 23 Washington Richmond May 25 - June 8 Harpers Ferry McClellan Harpers Ferry

Winchester Winchester Harrisonburg Frémont

Elkton McDowell Strasburg June 8 - 9 Shields Strasburg McDowell Jackson Fredericksburg Front Royal Washington Front Royal Washington Staunton Jackson

Frémont Shields Harrisonburg Jackson’s 1862 Valley Campaign 1862 Valley Jackson’s Elkton McDowell Lexington Harrisonburg McDowell Fredericksburg Elkton McDowell CROSS KEYS Richmond McDowell June 8 PORT REPUBLIC Staunton Jackson June 9 Fredericksburg McClellan Staunton 6

Lexington

Lexington Richmond McClellan

Richmond McClellan In the spring of 1862, a of 100,000 was Timeline of A Brief History Jackson’s approaching Richmond from the southeast, attempting to Valley Campaign take the Confederate capital. The plan also called for Gen. Irvin McDowell, with 30,000 men near Fredericksburg, to advance on Richmond from the north. By unleashing a vigorous offensive Winter 1861-62 in the Shenandoah Valley, Confederate Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson kept McDowell in Jackson in winter headquarters Fredericksburg, wresting the initiative away from the Federal campaign. at Winchester. Despite an initial setback in March at Kernstown, Jackson quickly recovered. In May, after a feint to March 1862 Harpers Ferry Jackson retires south, up the the east, he headed west, up into the mountains of Highland County. Here he turned back Union Valley, as Union forces occupy troops at the village of McDowell (May 8). He then turned north and marched his army more than Winchester. Winchester 100 miles before defeating Federal forces under Gen. Nathaniel Banks at Front Royal (May 23) and 23 March FIRST KERNSTOWN Winchester (May 25). March 23 Jackson is defeated at the First Jackson pursued Banks further north, almost to Harpers Ferry. In early June, two separate Union Battle of Kernstown, near Winchester, and retreats south. armies of 20,000 each moved to unite near Strasburg and crush Jackson in a trap. Jackson raced

Front Royal Washington south, eluding the trap—the two northern armies pursuing him on either side of the Massanutten April – May Mountain, which runs down the spine of the Shenandoah Valley. At the Massanutten’s southern After pausing at modern-day Elkton, Jackson moves his Jackson tip, Jackson’s army fought masterful back-to-back battles at army out of the Valley to Cross Keys (June 8) and Port Republic (June 9), preventing If the enemy can succeed so deceive Federal forces and the Federals from combining. After these “twin battles” and then returns via rail through defeats, Union forces withdrew from the Valley. Jackson, readily in disconcerting Staunton. having accomplished his mission, moved east and joined all our plans by alarming 8 May Harrisonburg McDowell Gen. Robert E. Lee in front of Richmond. us first at one point, then Jackson defeats Federal forces Elkton under Gen. John Frémont at In a swift feat of marching, deception, counter-marching at another, he will paralyze McDowell. MCDOWELL Fredericksburg and sheer boldness, Jackson had conducted one of the most a large force with a very May 8 23 May audacious and brilliant campaigns in American military small one.– Union Gen. Irvin McDowell Jackson defeats a Federal Staunton history. With only 18,000 men, marching several hundred garrison at Front Royal. miles over the course of a few weeks, Jackson inflicted twice 25 May as many casualties as he suffered, seized countless supplies, and tied up elements of three separate Jackson defeats Union Gen. Federal armies totaling more than 60,000 men that would otherwise have been used against Nathaniel Banks at the First Richmond. Battle of Winchester.

Lexington Early June To learn more about the history... Jackson narrowly eludes an attempt by Union Gens. In addition to the numerous books and articles that have been published Frémont and James Shields Richmond about Jackson’s Valley campaign, a concise but comprehensive history to trap him in the lower can be found in the booklet “If this Valley is lost, Virginia is lost!” Stonewall Shenandoah Valley. McClellan Jackson’s Valley Campaign, available in most visitor centers and many 8 June bookstores in the Valley. A list of retailers is available online at Jackson defeats Frémont at www.ShenandoahAtWar.org. Cross Keys. 9 June Jackson defeats Union forces at Port Republic. Mid-June Federal forces withdraw from the Valley and Jackson is free to join Lee in front of Richmond.

www.ShenandoahAtWar.org 7 Jackson’s Valley Campaign: By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusionExperiencing and I had no otherthe recourse Story but Todayto rally the Brigade on higher ground... The ability to follow an entire Civil War military campaign... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into is one of the many unique appeals of the Shenandoah Valley Battlefields National Historic District. confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours confusion and I had no other recourse but toIn rallyparticular, the following Brigade Stonewall on higher Jackson’s ground... famous Valley There Campaign we istook a favorite a stand activity and of Civilfor Warhours historians and enthusiasts. successfully repulsed successfully repulsed But it’s not easy, for many of the same reasons that it wasn’t easy for the soldiers who marched these roads nearly 150 years ago. Jackson’s army marched up and down and back up the Valley, tracing and retracing their own steps and earning the nickname “.” Following the trail of Jackson’s By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the By degrees the whole linetroops was chronologically thrown into can thereforeconfusion be a challengeand I had for even no theother hardiest recourse traveler. but tolly ra the To explore the numerous places in the Valley that today tell the story of this famous campaign, many Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole Brigade Kernstownon higher Battlefield ground... -- Pritchard ThereFarm we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole visitors choose to visit these sites geographically, traveling north to south or south to north. The line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took line was thrown into confusion and I had no informationother recourse on these pagesbut tois arrangedrally to thehelp visitorsBrigade find on these higher sites thatground... way. However, There for wetrue took enthusiasts who would prefer to follow Jackson’s path, the timeline on the previous page will help you a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no a stand and for hours successfully repulsed understand howBy degreesto revise thethe order whole of theline sites wasin this thrown list. into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed Winchester, including areas of Frederick and Clarke counties By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusionPages 20-23 and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... First Kernstown and First Winchester — Printed Battlefield Driving Tour There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion A free printed battlefield driving tour for these two battles is available at most Civil War sites in the Winchester and Frederick County area, online at www.ShenandoahAtWar.org, and at the Civil War Orientation Center and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully and I had no other recourse but to rally theinside Brigade the Winchester-Frederick on higher ground... County visitor There center. we took a stand and for hours successfully Kernstown Battlefield -- Rose Hill repulsed repulsed Stonewall Jackson’s Headquarters This is where Jackson and his wife spent the winter before his campaign. Today it is a historic house museum managed by the Winchester-Frederick County Historical Society. Kernstown Battlefield—Pritchard-Grim Farm By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally By degrees theThe whole central line portion was of thethrown First Kernstown into confusion battlefield. Thisand site—owned I had no and othermanaged recourse by the ut b Kernstown to rally Battlefield Association—includes the original Pritchard House, a visitor center, walking trails, and interpretive signage. the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line Kernstown Battlefield—Rose Hill Farm was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and was thrown into confusion and I had no otherSite recourseof the final stagesbut toof the rally First Battle the of BrigadeKernstown. onRose higher Hill is owned ground... and managed There by the we Museumtook ofa stand the Shenandoah Valley. Site open on select days and by appointment. A Civil War Trails sign at the entrance for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other and for hours successfully repulsed provides an excellent By degrees synopsis ofthe the fightingwhole line that occurredwas thrown at this location. into confusion and I had no Signal Knob, including Middletown, Strasburg, and Front Royal recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed other recourseStonewall Jackson’sbut toHeadquarters rally Museum the Brigade on Pageshigher 24-27 ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line thrownwas Driving and Walking Tours By degrees the whole line thrownwas Printed driving and walking tours of the key sites of the battle are available at the Front Royal Visitor Center. into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours into confusion and I had no other recourse butThe drivingto rally tour is thealso available Brigade on CD.on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours New Market, including Luray successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse successfully repulsed PagesBy 28-31degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed but to rally the Brigade on higher ground...Civil WarThere Trails we Signage took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed Located throughout Page County are more than a dozen Virginia Civil War Trails roadside markers telling the story of Jackson’s use of the during his campaign. A printed driving tour of Page County’s Civil War sites is available at the regional visitor center in downtown Luray.

8 Rockingham, including Harrisonburg and areas of Page County By Pagesdegrees 32-35 the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... ThereCross Keyswe andtook Port a Republic stand battlefields, and for Porthours Republic successfully Museum, and The repulsedCoaling By degrees the whole line was thrown into A printed battlefield driving tour for these two battles is available at most Civil War sites in the Harrisonburg confusionand Rockingham and ICounty had noarea, other online atrecourse www.ShenandoahAtWar.org, but to rally and the at the Brigade Civil War onOrientation higher Center ground... There we took a stand and for hours inside the Harrisonburg visitor center. The driving tour includes a stop at the Frank Kemper House/Port Republic Museum, which offers a walking tour of the village of Port Republic, as well as directions to “The successfullyCoaling,” the site repulsed of Union artillery during the . The Heritage Museum The Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society operates a museum and heritage center that features a light map offering a strategic overview of Jackson’s Valley Campaign as well as other Civil War exhibits. By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but tolly ra the Miller-Kite House Cross Keys battlefield BrigadeIn the spring on higher of 1862, ground...while using the There Miller-Kite we Housetook as a a standheadquarters, and Jacksonfor hours developed successfully the outline for repulsed By degrees the whole what would become his Valley Campaign. The house has been restored by the Elkton Historical Society, which operates it as a museum. line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took North River Bridge a standAlong theand banks for of hours the North successfully River on Va 42 in repulsedthe village of Bridgewater Byare twodegrees Virginia the Civil wholeWar Trails line was thrown into confusion and I had no signs, one of which tells the story of the movements of Jackson’s troops across the river at this site after the otherBattle ofrecourse McDowell. but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed McDowell, including areas of Augusta and Highland Counties By Pagesdegrees 36-39 the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... ThereRamsey’s we Drafttook a stand and for hours successfully repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion Virginia Civil War Trails signage along US 250 in western Augusta County tells the story of the opening phases andof Ithe had Battle no of otherMcDowell. recourse Look for thebut Virginia to rally Civil War the Trails bugleBrigade sign andon arrowhigher as youground... travel west onThere US we took a stand and for hours successfully 250. The Heritage Museum repulsedFort Johnson Running along the top of Shenandoah Mountain—where US 250 crosses the Augusta/Highland county line— is a series of trenches created by Confederate troops guarding the “back door” to the Valley. Amazing views of the surrounding hills and mountains, short walking trails, and interpretive signage at this site in the George Washington National Forest. By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourseut b to rally Sitlington’s Hill theApproaching Brigade McDowellon higher from ground... the east along USThere 250, awe Virginia took Civila stand War Trails and pull-off for andhours sign markssuccessfully the repulsed By degrees the whole line trailhead of a fairly demanding hike to the top of the hill. The hill offers tremendous views of the village of wasMcDowell thrown and into the surroundingconfusion mountains—views and I had no virtually other untouched recourse by the but modern to world.rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and Highland County Museum and National Historic District Civil War Orientation Center for Inhours the village successfully of McDowell an repulsed antebellum home has been converted intoBy adegrees museum andthe National whole Historicline was thrown into confusion and I had no other District orientation center, owned and operated by the Highland Historical Society. recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours successfully repulsed Camp Allegheny Just across the western border of Highland County in West Virginia along US 250 is the site of what was both By degrees the whole line thrownwas Union and Confederate encampments. Signage and short walking trails. McDowell Battlefield intoLexington confusion and IRockbridge had no other County recourse but to rally the Brigade on higher ground... There we took a stand and for hours Pages 42-43 successfullyLexington repulsed By degrees the whole line was thrown into confusion and I had no other recourse Lexington is the site of the Virginia Military Institute, where Jackson taught before the Civil War, and Jackson’s buthouse, to rally now a historic the houseBrigade museum on thathigher interprets ground... Jackson’s life There and experience we took living a instand Lexington. and Jacksonfor hours successfully repulsed was laid to rest after the Battle of Chancellorsville in 1863 in what is now the Stonewall Jackson Memorial Cemetery.

Fort Johnson

www.ShenandoahAtWar.org 9 If I had had Stonewall Jackson with me, so far as a man can see, I should have won the . – Gen. Robert E. Lee

Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee Gettysburg

Lee moves into Pennsylvania

Harpers Ferry SECOND WINCHESTER June 13-15 Early to mid-June Milroy Ewell Strasburg Washington Front Royal

Mid-July Harpers Ferry

Winchester Lee Lee Harrisonburg Strasburg Elkton Front Royal Washington

McDowell New Market Fredericksburg Luray

Harrisonburg

Lee’s 1863 Gettysburg Campaign Lee’s Staunton Elkton

McDowell Fredericksburg

Staunton

10

LexingtonLexington

Richmond

Richmond A Brief History In the summer of 1863, Gen. Robert E. Lee made the Shenandoah Valley an “avenue of advance” for his invasion of Timeline of Lee’s 1863 Gettysburg the north. He selected the Valley due to its obvious advantages. The Shenandoah Valley’s bountiful Campaign farms were a welcome respite for Lee’s long-suffering Army of , supplying it with food and livestock. Early May Lee defeats Union forces But more importantly, Lee used the Blue Ridge to screen his army from Federal eyes, thus avoiding a at Chancellorsville, near general engagement until he and his troops were ready. The Valley was a natural avenue of advance Fredericksburg. that led perfectly to the in Pennsylvania where Lee hoped to draw the Federal June 3 army away from war-weary Virginia. During the advance, Confederate Gen. Richard Ewell defeated a Lee’s army begins to move Gettysburg small Federal force at Winchester in mid-June, clearing the way for Lee to move north. north. After the devastating defeat at Gettysburg, the Confederates crossed the Potomac at Williamsport and June 9 once again found safety and provisions in the Shenandoah Valley as the Army of Northern Virginia Confederate cavalry under Gen. James Ewell Brown “Jeb” regrouped and amassed vital supplies. Stuart defeats Union cavalry Lee moves into at Brandy Station, east of the Pennsylvania Blue Ridge. Exploring Lee’s Gettysburg Campaign: June 13 - 15 To clear the way for Lee’s Shenandoah Valley Sites army to move north through the Shenandoah Valley, Gen. Harpers Ferry Winchester, including areas of Frederick and Clarke counties Richard S. Ewell defeats SECOND WINCHESTER Pages 20-23 Robert H. Milroy’s Union June 13-15 garrison at Winchester. Second Battle of Winchester Two Civil War Trails signs on US 522 west of Winchester—west of Va 37 at the Virginia Farm Market and at Star Fort June 15 Milroy just east of Va 37—describe action around the defensive forts northwest of the city during the battle. Confederates begin crossing Ewell Stephenson’s Depot the Potomac into Maryland. Strasburg A Civil War Trails marker at Stephenson’s Depot north of Winchester tells the story of the final moments of the Second Battle of Winchester, when Federal forces retreating along the Valley Turnpike were overwhelmed by Late June Washington Confederate artillery on the hills to the east. Lee moves into Pennsylvania Front Royal and Federals cross north into Signal Knob, including Middletown, Strasburg, and Front Royal Maryland east of the Pages 24-27 Blue Ridge. Lee at Bel Air June 30 Diarist Lucy Buck recorded the story of a visit to her home, Bel Air, by Gen. Robert E. Lee as his army moved through Confederate Gen. Front Royal after the Battle of Gettysburg. A Virginia Civil War Trails marker provides details. receives permission to take his division the next day to New Market, including areas of Luray and Page County Gettysburg in search of shoes. Pages 28-31 Pass Run and July 1 - 3 Confederate units camped in the safety of the Shenandoah following the . On July 1, Heth finds Union Lee forces defending Gettysburg Harrisonburg and for the next three days, the Battle of Gettysburg rages Elkton through the town and the ...we have been on the march since yesterday week we were 10 miles surrounding fields. McDowell Fredericksburg below Fredericksburg we crossed the Blue Ridge and the Rappidan Early to mid-July Rappahannock and both branches of the Shenandoah north and Confederates retreat southward, crossing the south and are within 21 miles of the Potomic and I would take any Potomac into the relative Staunton safety of the Shenandoah amount for the trip the most butiful scenery I ever beheld since I have Valley. been in the army... It is supposed that we will go into Pennsylvania... – Lt. William B. Taylor, 11th North Carolina Infantry June 22, 1863

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Lexington

Richmond If Sigel can’t skin himself he can hold a leg whilst some one else skins. – Gen. Ulysses S. Grant

Harpers Ferry Winchester Union Gen. Franz Sigel Sigel Early May Strasburg Front Royal Washington Spring - Summer 1864

Harpers Ferry Winchester NEW MARKET Early June May 15 Luray Strasburg

Front Royal Washington

Harrisonburg Luray Elkton Hunter Harrisonburg McDowell Breckinridge Elkton Fredericksburg McDowell Fredericksburg Harpers Ferry Staunton Winchester PIEDMONT Staunton June 5

Strasburg Jones

Front Royal Washington

Charlottesville Mid-June Luray Harrisonburg Lexington Elkton

McDowell Fredericksburg Staunton Richmond

Lexington Lynchburg

Hunter

Lexington

Early

Lynchburg Campaign Lynchburg Richmond Richmond LYNCHBURG June 17-18

Lynchburg

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