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PDF Format and Printed If you have issues viewing or accessing this file, please contact us at NCJRS.gov. ; + . kS> "\ ) ' ~ 3 Ik 199147 _ i~ \ l 7, , - , ~-~ ' ,t~. -; ' f ";. 9 . -.-.-.a, ~ ,..1' ' q,"- ' ' ~ , , II "%-< "'q k,7.' ,'l ,",' ,--,--4,,v ," , .>---'.. --, '~ .... r I-" " ~, , t__-k ' - ........ -'---~> ' ',,', " " W__j'~ J ; .... -- ~' i TECHNICAL, BUSINESS, AND LEGAL DIMENSIONS OF PROTECTING CHILDREN FROM PORNOGRAPHY ON THE INTERNET PROCEEDINGS OF A WORKSHOP Committee to Study Tools and Strategies for Protecting Kids from Pornography and Their Applicability to Other Inappropriate Internet Content Computer Science and Telecommunications Board Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences National Research Council Board on Children, Youth, and Families Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education National Research Council and Institute of Medicine PROPERTY OF National Criminal Justice Reler~nGe $~iGe {NCJRS) ~3ox 6000 .~,~..~--....... ,q.ockville, MD 20849-6000 NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS Washington, D.C. NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W. Washington, DC 20418 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Gov- erning Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engi- neering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and wit h regard for ap- propriate balance. The study of which this workshop report was a part was supported by Grant No. 1999-JN-FX-0071 between the National Academy of Sciences and the U.S. Depart- ments of Justice and Education; Grant No. P0073380 between the National Acad- emy of Sciences and the W.K. Kellogg Foundation; awards (unnumbered) from the Microsoft Corporation and IBM; and National Research Council funds. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publica- tion are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the orga- nizations or agencies that provided support for this project. Any opinions, find- ings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the symposium presenters and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors. International Standard Book Number 0-309-08326-5 Additional copies of this report are available from: National Academy Press 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W. Box 285 Washington, DC 20055 800/624-6242 202/334-3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area) Copyright 2002 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America Fle NATIONAL Ac'^DFMIFS National Academyof Sciences National Academy of Engineering Institute of Medicine National Research Council The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating soci- ety of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedi- cated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its mem- bers, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advis- ing the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Wm. A. Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Insti- tute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Kenneth |. Shine is president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sci- ences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal gov- ernment. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the Na- tional Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in provid- ing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering com- munities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. Win. A. Wulf are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council. COMMITTEE TO STUDY TOOLS AND STRATEGIES FOR PROTECTING KIDS FROM PORNOGRAPHY AND THEIR APPLICABILITY TO OTHER INAPPROPRIATE INTERNET CONTENT RICHARD THORNBURGH, Kirkpatrick & Lockhart LLP, Chair NICHOLAS J. BELKIN, Rutgers University WILLIAM J. BYRON, Holy Trinity Parish SANDRA L. CALVERT, Georgetown University DAVID FORSYTH, University of California at Berkeley DANIEL GEER, @Stake LINDA HODGE, Parent Teacher Association MARILYN GELL MASON, Independent Consultant MILO MEDIN, Excite@Home JOHN B. RABUN, National Center for Missing and Exploited Children ROBIN RASKIN, FamilyPC Magazine ROBERT SCHLOSS, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center JANET WARD SCHOFIELD, University of Pittsburgh GEOFFREY R. STONE, Univers!ty of Chicago WINIFRED B. WECHSLER, Independent Consultant st, fy HERBERT S. LIN, Senior Scientist and Study Director GAIL PRITCHARD, Program Officer (through June 2001) LAURA OST, Consultant JOAH G. IANOTTA, Research Assistant JANICE SABUDA, Senior Project Assistant DANIEL D. LLATA, Senior Project Assistant (through May 2001) iv COMPUTER SCIENCE AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS BOARD DAVID D. CLARK, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Chair DAVID BORTH, Motorola Labs JAMES CHIDDIX, AOL Time Warner JOHN M. CIOFFI, Stanford University ELAINE COHEN, University of Utah W. BRUCE CROFT, University of Massachusetts at Amherst THOMAS E. DARCIE, AT&T Labs Research JOSEPH FARRELL, University of California at Berkeley JEFFREY M. JAFFE, Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies ANNA KARLIN, University of Washington BUTLER W. LAMPSON, Microsoft Corporation EDWARD D. LAZOWSKA, University of Washington DAVID LIDDLE, U.S. Venture Partners TOM M. MITCHELL, Carnegie Mellon University DONALD NORMAN, Nielsen Norman Group DAVID A. PATTERSON, University of California at Berkeley HENRY (HANK) PERRITT, Illinois Institute of Technology BURTON SMITH, Cray Inc.. TERRY SMITH, University of California at Santa Barbara LEE SPROULL, New York University JEANNETTE M. WING, Carnegie Mellon University Staff MARJORY S. BLUMENTHAL, Director HERBERT S. LIN, Senior Scientist ALAN S. INOUYE, Senior Program Officer JON EISENBERG, Senior Program Officer LYNETFE I. MILLET1~, Program Officer CYNTHIA PATTERSON, Program Officer STEVEN WOO, Program Officer JANET BRISCOE, Administrative Officer DAVID PADGHAM, Research Associate MARGARET HUYNH, Senior Project Assistant DAVID DRAKE, Senior Project Assistant JANICE SABUDA, Senior Project Assistant JENNIFER BISHOP, Senior Project Assistant BRANDYE WILLIAMS, Staff Assistant V BOARD ON CHILDREN, YOUTH, AND FAMILIES EVAN CHARNEY, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Chair JAMES A. BANKS, University of Washington DONALD COHEN, Yale University THOMAS DEWITT, Children's Hospital Medical Center of Cincinnati MARY JANE ENGLAND, Washington Business Group on Health MINDY FULLILOVE, Columbia University PATRICIA GREENFIELD, University of California at Los Angeles RUTH T. GROSS, Stanford University KEVIN GRUMBACH, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital NEAL HALFON, University of California at Los Angeles School of Public Health MAXINE HAYES, Washington State Department of Health MARGARET HEAGARTY, Columbia University RENI~E R. JENKINS, Howard University HARRIET KITZMAN, University of Rochester SANDERS KORENMAN, Baruch College, City University of New York HON. CINDY LEDERMAN, Juvenile Justice Center, Dade County, Florida VONNIE McLOYD, University of Michigan GARY SANDEFUR, University of Wisconsin-Madison ELIZABETH SPELKE, Massachusetts Institute of Technology RUTH STEIN, Montefiore Medical Center Liaisons ELEANOR E. MACCOBY (Liaison~ Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education), Department of.Psychology (emeritus), Stanford University WILLIAM ROPER (Liaison, IOM Council), Institute of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Staff MICHELE D. KIPKE, Director (through September 2001) MARY GRAHAM, Associate Director, Dissemination and Communications SONJA WOLFE, Administrative Associate ELENA NIGHTINGALE, Scholar-in-Residence JOAH G. IANNOTTA, Research Assistant vi Preface In response to a mandate from Congress in conjunction with the Pro- tection of Children from Sexual Predators Act of 1998, the Computer Sci- ence and Telecommunications Board (CSTB) and the Board on Children, Youth, and Families of the National Research Council (NRC) and the In-
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