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Pirates and Robbers: American Privateers on the St. Lawrence River
Pirates and Robbers: American Privateers on the St. Lawrence River An Operational History Gary M. Gibson Origin Although private armed vessels belonging to a nation, and often referred to as “privateers,” were a feature of European naval warfare for centuries, it was the adoption of the United States Constitution in 1789 that made them officially allowed during the War of 1812. Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution gives Congress the power to “grant letters of marque and reprisal.” Such letters designate a nation with which the United States is at war and allows owners of private vessels to arm those vessels and seek out and capture or destroy vessels at sea belonging to that enemy. An additional clause in the same section of the Constitution empowered Congress to “make rules concerning captures on land and water,” particularly the amount and distribution of prize money awarded to the captures made by those privateers. The War of 1812 saw a large number of private American merchant vessels, and even a few specially built as privateers (e.g. Prince de Neufchatel), receiving letters of marque and reprisal. Almost all of the letters were issued to vessels sailing from ports on the Atlantic although some were issued on the Gulf of Mexico at New Orleans.1 There are only three letters of marque and reprisal known to have been granted on Lake Champlain and three on Lake Ontario. It is only those on Lake Ontario, and their 2 operations, that are described here. On the Atlantic, all letters of marque and reprisal were issued by the United States Department of State. -
N.C. Gold Rush Reading
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An Historical Overviw of the Beaufort Inlet Cape Lookout Area of North
by June 21, 1982 You can stand on Cape Point at Hatteras on a stormy day and watch two oceans come together in an awesome display of savage fury; for there at the Point the northbound Gulf Stream and the cold currents coming down from the Arctic run head- on into each other, tossing their spumy spray a hundred feet or better into the air and dropping sand and shells and sea life at the point of impact. Thus is formed the dreaded Diamond Shoals, its fang-like shifting sand bars pushing seaward to snare the unwary mariner. Seafaring men call it the Graveyard of the Atlantic. Actually, the Graveyard extends along the whole of the North Carolina coast, northward past Chicamacomico, Bodie Island, and Nags Head to Currituck Beach, and southward in gently curving arcs to the points of Cape Lookout and Cape Fear. The bareribbed skeletons of countless ships are buried there; some covered only by water, with a lone spar or funnel or rusting winch showing above the surface; others burrowed deep in the sands, their final resting place known only to the men who went down with them. From the days of the earliest New World explorations, mariners have known the Graveyard of the Atlantic, have held it in understandable awe, yet have persisted in risking their vessels and their lives in its treacherous waters. Actually, they had no choice in the matter, for a combination of currents, winds, geography, and economics have conspired to force many of them to sail along the North Carolina coast if they wanted to sail at all!¹ Thus begins David Stick’s Graveyard of the Atlantic (1952), a thoroughly researched, comprehensive, and finely-crafted history of shipwrecks along the entire coast of North Carolina. -
Attitudes Towards Privateering During the Era of the Early American Republic
ATTITUDES TOWARDS PRIVATEERING DURING THE ERA OF THE EARLY AMERICAN REPUBLIC A Senior Honors Thesis by James R. Holcomb IV Submitted to the Office of Honors Programs & Academic Scholarships Texas A&M University In partial fulfillment of the requirements of the UNIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH FELLOWS April 2007 Major: History ii ABSTRACT Attitudes towards Privateering during the Era of the Early American Republic (April 2007) James R. Holcomb IV Department of History Texas A&M University Fellows Advisor: Dr. James C. Bradford Department of History Lacking sufficient funds to build and maintain a sizeable navy, the young United States was forced to employ privateers as a “stop-gap navy” in its struggles against stronger sea powers during the War for Independence, the Quasi War, and the War of 1812. Many American leaders opposed privateering on moral grounds, but felt compelled to employ it. Merchants and seamen were generally more supportive, wither because their usual employment, fishing and peaceful commerce, was denied them when enemies hovered outside American ports and began seizing American ships, or because privateering offered the prospect of quick and large profits. Sailors preferred service in iii privateers to enlisting in the navy because discipline tended to be less rigorous in privateers than in warships, privateers appeared safer since their captains generally tried to avoid combat with enemy men of war, and privateers offered the prospect of more prize money from the sale of captured ships. Officers in the Continental and United States Navy usually opposed privateering because privateers competed with them for recruits and for naval stores to fit their ships out for sea. -
All Fraction of Historical Places and Data Can Be Covered in a Sampler of This Brevity
These old cannons command the harbor of Colonial Edenton from the Town Green, where a bronze teapot marks the site where on October 25, 1774, the ladies of Edenton staged the first "tea party" protesting taxes levied by England on the Colony of North Carolina. The home of Mrs. Penelope Barker, who organized the tea party, has been restored and is shown in this picture. rj/ie 79^(me^ The Coat of Arms adorning Tryon Palace at New Bern, identified as of the period of the construction of the Palace (1770), is the only one of its kind used in the U.S.A. Library North Carolina State Raleiah HC Doc. state of north carolina executive; department RALEIGH TERRY SANFORD GOVERNOR GREETINGS TO STUDENTS OF HISTORY: I sincerely hope you will have the opportunity of visiting North Carolina and sharing with us the nnany historical attractions from coast to mountains. This little book can give you only the barest introduction, but I hope it will prove helpful in planning and enjoying your visit to the Tar Heel State. I ann confident that you will find it as truly a Land of Firsts as it was in its historic past. As a visitor interested in our American Heritage, you may be sure you will find a warm welcome. Sincerely, HISTORIC NORTH CAROLINA is published by the Department of Conservation ond Develop- ment, Travel Information Division, Roleigh, North Carolina. First printing, 1959, revised editions 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964. HISTORIC NORTH CAROLINA North Carolina is rich in history dating from the very beginning of the British colonies. -
BRICK ! Wia8 '1 Prqpflletors of The
Official Publication of the St. Lawrence County Historical Association Spring 1991 I&+, BRICK ! WIa8 '1 PrQPflletors of the RAPT"-"' DVILLE3 BRIUK- " A ' order md ke lep lor sale arll kinds of II nl I I II I Resse~ano lommon ilu~~olne,trrlcK a1 me LowesI MalKW YIICI, Th ick mar is Yard (the on1y Press- - -7 . Brick manufacturecl In N orthern -N ew Y or^, ) and f ully eqlla1 to tl ;edE 'hila k- Bulldera are invtted to call and exmine be!( me purchasing. JtrKlFH SHIPPED TO AXY p'ART 0F THE COUXTRY. THE QUARTERLY Official Publication of the St. Lawrence County Historical Association VOLUME XXXVI SPRING 1991 NO. 2 CONTENTS Harriet W; Liotta 3 The Forgotten Industry: Nineteenth Century Brickmaking in St. Lawrence County George F. McFarland 8 The Battle of Ogdensburg, 1813, from First- hand Accounts Katherine Briggs 17 Miss Richmire at the Pine Grove School in Massena Cover: Advertisement for Coates Brickyard, Raymondville, NY, The St. Lawrence County Directory, 1885. This publication is made possible in part with public funds from the New York State Council on the Arts. Co-editors: Marvin L. Edwards ISSN 0558-1931 George F. McFarland Copyright St. Lawrence County Historical Association 1991 Advertising: Betsey Deuval Ernest Deuval Contributions: The Quarterly welcomes contributions in the form of manuscripts, drawings, and photo- The Quarterly is published Winter, Spring, Summer, graphs. If documentation is necessary, we request and Fall each year by the St. Lawrence County that it conform to The MLA Style Manual. A summary Historical Association. of the MLA format is available from the editor; Extra copies may be obtained from the St. -
Québec New York Vermont
Sorel The Pliny Moore House Richelieu River Québec La maison Pliny Moore Chambly In 1789, Revolutionary War veteran Pliny En 1789, le vétéran de la guerre Chambly Canal Nile’s Weekly Register: October 30, 1813 Registre hebdomadaire de Niles : Le 30 octobre, 1813 St.-Jean-sur-Richelieu Moore (1759-1822) settled Champlain after A British major. — The following gasconading notice was sent out to Un major anglais – la fanfaronnade suivante fût envoyée au juge Moore révolutionnaire Pliny Moore fonda le village being awarded land by the State of New judge Moore, of Champlain, by major Perreault, who commands about de Champlain par le major Perrault, commandant en chef de plus de de Champlain après avoir reçu des terres de sixty Canadians and indians at Odletown. A few nights previous to soixante canadiens et indiens à Odletown. Quelques nuits avant la York. In 1801 he built a Federal-style frame the promulgation of this petty mandate, our militia had attacked a promulgation de cette jolie ode, notre milice attaqua un poste près de la l’état de New York. En 1801, il construisit picket near the lines which so excited the ire of the British major, that house similar to the one standing today. frontière; ce qui excita grandement la colère du major anglais et l’incita Canada une demeure semblable à celle que vous voyez he issued, without delay, the following “humane advertisement.” sans délai à composer cet hymne humanitaire : Moore was the first judge and postmaster --LA COLE, 10th October. -- LA Cole, 10 octobre aujourd’hui. Mr. Moore fût le premier juge et United States J “Citizens of Champlain! — I am happy that humanity should still udg ore Champlain of the town. -
The War of 1812 in St. Lawrence County the St
Volume LVI Number 3 2011 The War of 1812 in St. Lawrence County The St. Lawrence County Historical Association at the Silas Wright House The St. Lawrence County Historical Association is a private, not-for-profit, membership organiz- ation based at the Silas Wright House in Canton, New York. Founded in 1947, the Association is governed by a constitution, by-laws, and Board of Trustees. The Historical Association’s mem- bership meets annually to elect its trustees. 2012 Officers 2012 Trustees President: Carl Stickney, Stockholm Roger Bailey, Canton Vice-President: Jane Subramanian, Potsdam James Barnes, Potsdam Treasurer: Rita Goldberg, Canton Patricia Carson, Canton Secretary: Cathie O’Horo, Canton Marcia Eggleston, Massena William Flynn, Ogdensburg Nancy LaFaver, Lisbon Stanley Maine, Pierrepont Anne Mazzotta, Canton 2012 Staff Lowell McAllister, Heuvelton Trent Trulock, Executive Director Bryan Thompson, DeKalb Sue Longshore, Collections Manager Shirley Wisner, Morristown Jean Marie Martello, Archives Manager Our Mission The St. Lawrence County Historical Association is a not-for-profit membership organization and museum which serves as an educational resource for the use and benefit of the citizens of St. Lawrence County and others interested in the County’s history and traditions. The Association collects and preserves archival material and artifacts pertinent to the County’s history. In coopera- tion and collaboration with other local organizations, the Association promotes an understanding of and appreciation for the County’s rich history through publications, exhibits, and programs. The St. Lawrence County Historical Association operates within museum standards established by the American Association of Museums. SLCHA Membership Membership in the St. Lawrence County Historical Association is open to all interested par- ties. -
The Bethania Freedmen's Community
The Bethania Freedmen’s Community An Architectural and Historical Context of the Bethania-Rural Hall Road Study Area Prepared for: Forsyth County Historic Resources Commission City-County Planning Board P. O. Box 2511 Winston-Salem, NC 27102 PrePared by: HeatHer FearnbacH • FearnbacH History services, inc. 3334 nottingHam road • Winston-salem, NC 27104 • February 2012 Cover photos taken by Heather Fearnbach, 2011 (top row, left to right): Aldean and Julia Washington Lash House, 1705 Bethania-Rural Hall Road James and Lillian Allen House, 1580 Bethania-Rural Hall Road Alspaugh-Shouse House, 1840 Bethania-Rural Hall Road (bottom row, left to right): Raleigh N. and Margaret E. Scales House, 1720 Bethania-Rural Hall Road William Maceo and Alta Washington Ervin House, 1740 Bethania-Rural Hall Road John H. and Sallie Alspaugh Conrad House, 1842 Bethania-Rural Hall Road Report © 2012 by Heather Fearnbach All rights reserved TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Project Scope 2 II. Introduction 2 III. Historical Context 3 IV. Architectural Context 50 V. Significance Evaluation 58 VI. Proposed Boundary Description and Map 62 VII. Recommendations for Future Work and Next Steps 66 VIII. Bibliography 69 Appendix A. List of Surveyed Historic Properties in the Study Area A-1 Appendix B. Genealogical Notes Regarding Families in the Study Area B-1 Appendix C. Agricultural Census Resource Descriptions C-1 Appendix D. Professional Qualifications D-1 I. Project Scope In November 2010, the City of Winston-Salem-Forsyth County Planning Department engaged Heather Fearnbach of Fearnbach History Services, Inc. to investigate the historical and architectural significance of resources flanking a section of Bethania-Rural Hall Road known as the Bethania Freedmen’s Community. -
Advisory Commission on Portraits Report and Recommendations
Advisory Commission on Portraits Report and Recommendation to the Supreme Court of North Carolina December 14, 2020 Table of Contents Page INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................................3 Commission Membership ........................................................................................................................ 3 Summary of Contents .............................................................................................................................. 4 PORTRAIT COLLECTION ...........................................................................................................5 THOMAS RUFFIN .........................................................................................................................5 INDIVIDUAL STATEMENTS .......................................................................................................8 Statement of Bree Newsome-Bass .......................................................................................................... 8 Statement of Dr. Lyneise Williams ........................................................................................................ 10 APPENDIX ................................................................................................................................... 12 About the North Carolina Judicial Branch The mission of the North Carolina Judicial Branch is to protect and preserve the rights and liberties of all the people as guaranteed -
Captain Otway Patriot, Privateer Legislator Arma
To TH E M E MORY OF A M E R I C A ’ S N A V A L H E R O E S W ITH FEELINGS OF T HE DEEPEST ADMIRATION FOR THEIR ACT S OF SPLENDID DARING FOR T HE HONOR OF OU R COU NTRY TH IS WORK I S RESPECTFU LLY bE DIC ATE D C o p y ri gh t 1 905 W AL T E R F R A N CIS B U R NS INTRODUCTION . A careful and sustained search fo r written and traditional records o f those w ho shared in the na t io na l defence in 1 8 1 2 has revealed a lamentable dearth o f authentic informa tion both i n offi cial and o o f he r private circles . America has been pr digal ' s a heroes . Contemporaneous foreign history show wealth o f smallest details in their perfected sys tems w a s o f War Office Records . But America in her infancy ; a struggle for even the form o f the co n s t i t ut i o n itself was raging while the war o f 1 8 1 2 s i f w a be ng waged . Such o ficial records as were kep t were despoiled by the British invasion o f o f Washington . The vast extent the country and the rap idly shifting scenes o f action also co ntri buted much to the difficulty o f accurately recording a h events . -
NCPHS Journal Issue 123 (Summer 2013)
NONORRTHTH CCAARROOLILINNAA POPOSSTTALAL HISHISTOTORIRIAANN The Journal of North Carolina Postal History Volume 32, No. 3 SUMMER 2013 Whole 123 Union Occupation Mail from Eastern North Carolina Centreville Cover to General Matt Ransom Mill Grove to Brackenheim, Württemberg North Carolina’s Faces in the War of 1812 Affiliate #155 of the American Philatelic Society PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE IN THIS ISSUE he North Carolina Postal History Society (NCPHS) Union Occupation Mail from Eastern will hold its annual meeting at CHARPEX 2013, the North Carolina during the Civil War, Charlotte regional philatelic exhibition and stamp Part I by Michael C. McClung. ..................................................3 show, at 2:30 PM, Saturday, July, 27, 2013. After a Mystery Cover ...............................................................................9 Tvery short meeting, I will present a talk on the basic North A Cover from Centreville, N.C. to General Carolina cancel types based on my experience with the North Matt Ransom by Scott Troutman ......................................... 10 Carolina Postmark Update project. This year CHARPEX will Mill Grove to Brackenheim, Württemberg be held at a new location not far from last year’s show. by Richard F. Winter. ................................................................ 11 CHARPEX will be at Taylor Hall on the campus of Central North Carolina’s Faces in the War of 1812 Piedmont Community College, 1234 Elizabeth Avenue, by Tony L. Crumbley. ............................................................... 13 Charlotte, NC 28204, conveniently located just off I-277 and Route 74. Site location details are available on the CHARPEX catalog continues to grow. To date, the postmarks of 61 web site, http://www.charpex.info/. If you would like to counties and three large cities have been documented in exhibit, a link to the CHARPEX 2013 Prospectus is available separate pdfs on our web site under the tab of NC Postmark from this same web site.