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Influence of Temperature and Humidity on the Activity of Three Carabus Species Gabriel Nève

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Influence of Temperature and Humidity on the Activity of Three Carabus Species Gabriel Nève Influence of temperature and humidity on the activity of three Carabus species Gabriel Nève To cite this version: Gabriel Nève. Influence of temperature and humidity on the activity of three Carabus species. Carabid Beetles: Ecology and Evolution, 51, 1994, Series Entomologica. hal-02367195 HAL Id: hal-02367195 https://hal-amu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02367195 Submitted on 17 Nov 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Nève, G. 1994. Influence oftemperature and humidity on the activity ofthree Carabus species. In Carabid Beetles: Ecology and Evolution, Desender, K, Dufrêne, M., Loreau, M., Luff M.L. & Maelfait, lP. (eds), Kluwer, Dordrecht, 189-192. Influence of temperature and humidity on the activity of three Carabus species G.NÈVE Unité d'Écologie et de Biogéographie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 5, B-l348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium Summary The influence of temperature, as the most im• portant meteorological variable, on the activity Carabid beetles were trapped in summer 1987 and of carabid beetles has been studied in the field spring 1988 in the Plateau des Tailles (Province by several authors (e.g. Althoff et al. 1994), but Luxembourg, Belgium). The traps were checked humidity, as an important second variable, has every morning during 10 trapping sessions (79 generally been discarded, as in the case of the days). Temperature and humidity were recorded negative interrelationship observed between tem• continuously on the site during the whole period. perature and humidity in open habitats (e.g. De• The influence of these two meteorologica1 vari• sender 1983). The use of a Stepwise Linear Re• ables was studied using a Stepwise Linear Regres• gression Model, however, allows the additive sion Model in order to study the information significant information given by different vari• added by the different variables. ables to be studied (Berenson et al. 1983). ln spring, the higher the Mean daily tempera• ture, and the lower the day-night tempe rature contrast and the Mean daily humidity, the more Carabus problematicus and C. auronitens were Materials and metbods active. The activity of Carabus problematicus and C. During a recent study of the movements of C. auronitens in summer, and of C. violaceus in auronitens and C. problematicus (Nève & Ba• spring was positively correlated with the Mean guette 1990), temperature and humidity were re• dally temperature. corded on the site of capture in order to study C. violaceus is active in spring mainly in nights their effects on the catchability, taken as an index during which the humidity at midnight is between of the activity of the studied species. A total of 85 and 97%. 147 pitfall traps were put in a beech fore st (Lu• zulo-Fagetum) in the Plateau des Tailles (50" 15'N, 5° 44'E, Province Luxembourg, Belgium). The pitfall traps consisted of half plastic boules Introduction 17cm height, 8.5 cm diarneter, buried so that their rim was at the same level as the surrounding Most studies on the influence of temperature and soil surface, as described by Dufrêne (1988). humidity on carabids' activity have been conduc• Temperature and humidity were recorded con• ted in the laboratory, and have shown that both tinuously with a mechanical thermo-hydrometer factors May show distinctive influences; e.g. Car• placed on the ground, and the traps were checked abus problematicus displayed different activity every morning one out of two weeks from 22 July patterns at 90% and at 95% humidity levels to 19 September 1987, and from 20 April to 8 (Thiele 19n), but Weber (1983) already men• July 1988. At the beginning of the latter period tioned the difficulty of applying laboratory results 24 extra traps were set, raising the total to 171. of C. problematicus locomotion records to natural Totals of 87 and 295 catches of C. auronitens, 568 situations. and 96 catches of C. problematicus and 43 and 25 Table 1. Variables most correlated with the daily catches, as chosen by a StepwiseLinear RegressionModel; the variables are selected as long as they meet a 0.05% level for entry in the model, TP1 and TP2 denotes the first two axes of the Principal Component Analysis of the temperature variables, and HP1 the first one of the PCA on humidity Carabus problematicus Summer 1987(9 August-19 September) n = 20 Variables Parameter Partial R2 F estimate TP1 4.65 33% 8.26* Spring 1988(20 April-8 July) n = 51 Variables Parameter Partial R2 F estimate TP1 0.26 12% 6.32·· TP2 -0.96 9% 6.10·· ~~~------~~~-f--~--~----~ HPI -0.53 7% 6.51· .o.s l: 28% Axis 2 Carabus auronitens Summer 1987(22 July-4 September) n = 26 Fig. 1. Equilibrium circle of the temperature descriptors, as Variables Parameter Partial R2 F given by axes 2 and 3 of the Principal Component Analysis estimate of the temperatures of the 24 hours preceding the trap check (8.00 a.m.). TN and tx are the minimum and maximum TP3 -1.18 27% 7.72· observed temperatures and the figuresthe different times of TP1 0.21 30% 12.94·" observation. l: 57% Spring 1988(20 April-23 June) n = 41 Variables Parameter Partial R2 F tervals, as weIl as the maximum and minimum of estimate each 24 hour period preceding the trap check TP1 1.39 35% 20.22··· (8.00 a.m., West European Summer Time). As HPI -1.55 14% 17.24··· the studied species show marked seasonal differ• -2.72 14.92··· TP2 7% ences in their activity, C. problematicus being an l: 56% autumn breeder (Houston 1981) and C. auronit• Carabus violaceus ens a spring breeder (Hemmer et al. 1986), the Spring 1988(Il June-8 July) n = 41 data sets from summer 1987 and spring 1988 were Variables Parameter Partial R2 F analysed separately. As the 14 daily values of estimate each temperature and humidity were correlated TP1 0.11 24% with each other, the multiple linear regression .p <0.05, •• p < 0.01, ••• p < 0.001. method could not be used on the raw data, be• cause of the colinearity of the independent vari• ables (Legendre & Legendre 1984). The influ• C. violace us were recorded in summer 1987 and ences of temperature and humidity were analysed spring 1988, respectively. During the whole pe• separately because there were only occasional riod there were 29 and 50 capture days, grouped correlation values (mostly P > 0.10) between in 10 trapping sessions. these two sets of variables, in contrast to the high correlation of both temperature and humidity val• ues within each 24 hour period (P < 0.001); and a Principal Component Analysis (PCA), after z• Statistical analysis and results transformation, on both variables taken together gave a fust axis determined mainly by tempera• For the statistical analysis, the values of tempera• ture values (percentage of values accounted for lure and humidity were input at 2 hourly in- 43.6%) and a second axis by humidity values (a) N C.Nlbus .urolllt~". r Spring 1988 Numbcrof C.,.bus fIiolom .. - ClbaeM!d •• Iues captwm - ExpécledvakJes • N.7.11. UHPI·1.MIf'1.2..T.I1I'2 ..•.. 21 241 .11 21. April Moy '" J~U1C O' • ... ••••••• ..... (b) III .. 100 Cn,ab"s prob/CIII.'ials : Spring1988 Humidily al midniShl N, ,. _ Observed values Fig. 3. Spring 1988 catches of C. violaceus, as a function of " _ Expected values 10 observed humidity at 0.00 the night previous to the trap check. N. t.l2.D2&TP1-0.• TP1·U1HPI to account for the seasonality of activity of the different species. The coordinates of the days, given by the first three axes of the PCA on both :1 humidity and temperature were then used in a ., ""T'""O..,...,......, ........................ ..,.....,""'T" .............- ....... ..,_, .............. ..,....., ,,)Ii) '1' 2"1 lU na' Stepwise Linear Regression Model (procedure April ~Lly )un\.' July REG, SAS 1990) in order to detect the greatest influences on the daily catches of the studied spe• C.rallIIS l',oblcIIJaticMs : Summc:r 19&7 cies (Table 1). The first two axes of the PCA of temperature values and the first one of humidity values are highly significant in explaining the variation of C. problematicus and C. auronitens numbers caught in spring. The first axes of both the tempe rature and the humidity PCAs give indices of the magni• tude of the considered temperatures and humidi• ties respectively, the second temperature axis is 8 9 16 2J 31 1 4 15 19 a measure of the contrast between day and night A"gusi ScpIcmbcr temperatures and the third axis of the tempera• Fig. 2. (a) Springcatches of C. auronitens and (b) C. problem• ture PCA is an index of the difference between aticus, and (c) summer catches of C. problematicus and their late moming and early night temperatures (Fig. values as predicted by the Stepwise Multiple Linear Regres• 1). sion Mode!. (perœntage of values accounted for 38.1%). The Discussion fust three axes of the PCAs on these two variables retained 85, 8 and 4% of the variance of the 14 C. problematicus and C. auronitens morning original temperature values; and 72, 10 and 6% spring catches respond positively to the tempera• of the variance of the original 14 humidity values.
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