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Guide to Road Design Part 4C: Interchanges

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Guide to Road Design Part 4C: Interchanges Guide to Road Design Part 4C: Interchanges Sydney 2015 Guide to Road Design Part 4C: Interchanges Second edition project manager: Mike Whitehead Publisher Austroads Ltd. Level 9, 287 Elizabeth Street Second edition prepared by: Peter Aumann Sydney NSW 2000 Australia Phone: +61 2 8265 3300 Second edition published December 2015 [email protected] First edition published August 2009 www.austroads.com.au This second edition contains minor editorial and technical changes to Sections 1.3, 1.4, 1.8, 3.2, 4.9 (new), 9.2, 10.1, 11 and 17.3. Updates have About Austroads been made throughout this edition to include new and updated reference Austroads’ purpose is to: material and cross-references to other Guides, including: • promote improved Australian and New Zealand • Section 1 Introduction: updates to road safety including the Safe System transport outcomes principles; and additional information on design objectives and staged development. • provide expert technical input to national policy • Section 3 Forms of Interchange: additional information on factors that may development on road and road transport issues influence the type of interchange. • promote improved practice and capability by • Section 4 Structures: additional section providing information on safety road agencies. screens. • promote consistency in road and road agency • Section 9 Vertical Alignment: additional information on criteria to be operations. considered for grading at a cross-road. • Section 10 Ramp Terminals at Major Roads: amending the longitudinal Austroads membership comprises: grade of a minor road to not exceed 2%. • Roads and Maritime Services New South Wales • Section 11 Ramp Terminals at the Major Road: additional information to expand the range of speeds shown in Table 11.2 and Table 11.3. • Roads Corporation Victoria • Section 17 Other Considerations: additional section on oversized and high • Department of Transport and Main Roads wide load corridors. Queensland • Main Roads Western Australia ISBN 978-1-925294-85-9 • Department of Planning, Transport and Pages 94 Austroads Project No. TP1718 Infrastructure South Australia Austroads Publication No. AGRD04C-15 • Department of State Growth Tasmania • Department of Transport Northern Territory © Austroads Ltd 2015 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the • Territory and Municipal Services Directorate, Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without Australian Capital Territory the prior written permission of Austroads. • Commonwealth Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development Abstract • Australian Local Government Association The Guide to Road Design Part 4C: Interchanges provides guidance on the • New Zealand Transport Agency. geometric design of interchanges on freeways/motorways and on major arterial roads. The Guide covers the design of interchanges between: The success of Austroads is derived from the freeways and arterial roads; two freeways; and two major arterial roads. It collaboration of member organisations and others covers the geometric design of all the elements of an interchange including in the road industry. It aims to be the Australasian the: alignment and cross-section of the freeway in the vicinity of the leader in providing high quality information, advice interchange, the intersecting road and the ramps; merge and diverge ramp and fostering research in the road transport sector. terminals at the freeway; and ramp terminals at the intersecting road. Keywords Design considerations, design process, pedestrian, cyclist, public transport, cross-section, design speed, horizontal alignment, vertical alignment, sight distance, ramp terminals, ramp terminal locations, ramp alignment, entry ramp nose, exit ramp nose. Acknowledgements It is acknowledged that this second edition has been updated from the first edition prepared by Gary Veith and Les Louis and project managed by David Hubner. This Guide is produced by Austroads as a general guide. Its application is discretionary. Road authorities may vary their practice according to local circumstances and policies. Austroads believes this publication to be correct at the time of printing and does not accept responsibility for any consequences arising from the use of information herein. Readers should rely on their own skill and judgement to apply information to particular issues. Guide to Road Design Part 4C: Interchanges Contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Purpose .................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Scope of this Part ..................................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Road Safety .............................................................................................................................................. 2 1.4 Road Design Objectives ........................................................................................................................... 3 1.5 Traffic Management at Interchanges........................................................................................................ 3 1.6 Safety Performance of Interchanges ........................................................................................................ 3 1.7 Traffic Capacity of Interchanges ............................................................................................................... 4 1.8 Staged Development of Interchanges ...................................................................................................... 4 1.8.1 Staging Interchange Development ............................................................................................. 4 1.8.2 Flexibility and Constructability .................................................................................................... 5 2. Design Considerations Process and Principles ................................................................................. 7 2.1 General ..................................................................................................................................................... 7 2.2 Design Considerations ............................................................................................................................. 7 2.2.1 Design Information ..................................................................................................................... 7 2.2.2 Design Controls and Criteria ...................................................................................................... 8 2.2.3 Stormwater Drainage .................................................................................................................. 8 2.2.4 Landscape Development ............................................................................................................ 9 2.2.5 Public Transport Facilities .......................................................................................................... 9 2.3 Design Process ...................................................................................................................................... 11 2.3.1 Review Planning Reports ......................................................................................................... 11 2.3.2 Design Brief .............................................................................................................................. 12 2.3.3 Preliminary Design ................................................................................................................... 12 2.3.4 Detailed Design Stage .............................................................................................................. 12 2.4 Principles ................................................................................................................................................ 13 2.4.1 Interchange Elements ............................................................................................................... 13 2.4.2 Interchange Uniformity and Spacing ........................................................................................ 14 3. Forms of Interchange ........................................................................................................................... 16 3.1 Traffic Considerations ............................................................................................................................ 16 3.2 Other Considerations.............................................................................................................................. 20 3.2.1 General ..................................................................................................................................... 20 3.2.2 Underpass or Overpass ............................................................................................................ 21 4. Structures .............................................................................................................................................. 22 4.1 General ................................................................................................................................................... 22 4.1.1 Types of Structure ...................................................................................................................
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