World Bank Document

Document of

The World Bank I L 9

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized

Report No. 3717-PAK

STAFF APPRAISAL REPORT

Public Disclosure Authorized PAKISTAN

IRRIGATION SYSTEMS REHABILITATION PROJECT

Public Disclosure Authorized April 9, 19E2 Public Disclosure Authorized

South Asia Projects Department Agricultural Division A

This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS

US$1 = Rs 11.0 Rs 1 = US$O.0909

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

English/US Units Metric Units

1 foot (ft) 30.5 centimeters (cm) 1 yard (yd) 0.925 meters (m) 1 mile (mi) 1.609 kilometers (km) I acre (ac) 0.045 hectare (ha) 1 canal mile (5000 ft) 1.524 km 1 square mile (sq mi) 259 ha or 2.59 sq km 1 pound (1 lb) 0.454 kilograms (kg) 1 long ton (lg ton) 1.016 metric tons (mt)

Pakistani Units English Units

1 maund = 82.3 lbs (0.0367 lg ton) = 37.39 kg (0.0373 m tons) 26.8 mds = 2,205 lbs = 1.0 m tons 27.2 mds = 1.0 lg ton (2240 lbs) = 1,016 kg

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMSUSED

AC - Acre ACOP - Alluvial Canal Observation Project ADBP - Agricultural Development Bank, Pakistan ADP - Annual Development Program CB - Commercial Bank cca or CCA - Canal Command Area CDWP - Central Development Working Party cft - Cubic Feet cusecs - Cubic Feet per Second ECNEC - Executive Committee of National Economic Council ERR - Economic Rate of Return FBC - Federal Bank for Cooperatives FFC - Federal Flood Commission FGW - Fresh Groundwater FRR - Financial Rate of Return GOP - Government of Pakistan GO Provinces - Government of Provinces ICB - International Competitive Bidding IFAD - International Fund for Agricultural Development km - kilometer LCB . - Local Competitive Bidding M - Million m - Meter maf - Million Acre Feet FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

ABBREVATIONS AND ACRONYMS USED m/m - Man/Month mt - Metric Ton NA - Not Applicable NESPAK - National Engineering Services, Pakistan NDB - Non-Development Budget NPV - Net Present Value NWFP - North West Frontier Province O&M - Operation and Maintenance p.a. - Per Annum PCB - Provincial Cooperative Banks PIDs - Provincial Irrigation Department ppm - Parts Per Millicn PS - Prudent Shopping PV - Present Value RAP - Revised Action Plrogram SCARP - Salinity Control and Reclamation Projects SGW - Saline Groundwater TDS - Total Dissolved Solids T&V - Training and Visits TW - Tubewell UNDP - United Nations Development Program USAID - U.S. Agency for International Development WAPDA - Water and Power Development Authority Xen - Executive Engineer

GLOSSARY bund - flood protection embankment doab - land between major river systems in Punjab chak - lowest order of irrigation command (about 450 ac) karaze - traditional irrigation system with tunnel conveyance channel kharif - wet season (mid--Aprilto mid-October) rabi - dry season (mid--Octoberto mid-April) warabandi - weekly rotational schedule of irrigation deliveries to farmers watercourse - irrigation distribution system in a chak

FISCAL YEAR

July 1 - June 30

PAKISTAN

IRRIGATION SYSTEMS REHABILITATION PROJECT

STAFF APPRAISAL REPORT

Table of Contents

Page No.

I. BACKGROUND ...... 1 General ...... 1 Agricultural Performance and Policies ...... 2 Physical and Demographic Features ...... 2 Agricultural Production ...... 6 Agricultural Inputs and Services ...... 6

II. IRRIGATION SYSTEMS AND RELATED O&M ...... 7 Irrigation Facilities ...... 8 Drainage Facilities ...... 10 Flood Protection Facilities ...... 11 Problems Associated with Existing Facilities ...... 12 Current O&M Funding ...... 13 Execution of Works ...... 16 Equipment and Maintenance Facilities ...... 16

III. THE PROJECT ...... 17 Objectives ...... 17 Civil Works ...... 18 Equipment ...... 21 Technical Assistance ...... 22 Training ...... 22 Supervision and Administration ...... 23

IV. PROJECT COSTS, FINANCING, AND PROCUREMENT ...... 23 Cost Estimates and Schedule of Expenditures ...... 23 Financing ...... 24 Procurement ...... 25 Disbursements ...... 26 Accounts and Audits ...... 26

V. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE ...... 26 Institutional Arrangements ...... 26 Operation and Maintenance ...... 30 Monitoring and Evaluationi ...... 31 Implementation Schedule ...... 31 - ii -

Table of Contents (Cont'd)

Page No.

VI. PRODUCTION, MARKETING AND PRICES, FARM INCOME AND COST RECOVERY ...... 32 Agricultural Impact ...... 32 Marketing and Pricing ...... 34 Water Charges ...... 35

VII. BENEFITS AND JUSTIFICATION ...... 37 Employment and Distributive Effects ...... 38 Direct Foreign Exchange Effect ...... 38 Environmental Impact ...... 39 Assumptions of the Economic Analysis ...... 39 Project Risks and Sensitivity Texts ...... 40

VIII. AGREEMENTS REACHED ...... 43

LIST OF ANNEXES

ANNEX 1 - Cost Tables Table 1 - Total Project Costs Table 2 - Project Costs -- Punjab Province Table 3 - Project Costs -- Sind Province Table 4 - Project Costs -- NWFP Table 5 - Project Costs -- Baluchistan Province Table 6 - Project Costs -- Federal Coordinating Cell Table 7 - Civil Works -- Summary of Costs and Schedule of Targets and Expenditures Table 8 - Civil Works -- Proposed Schemes for Punjab Table 9 - Civil Works -- Proposed Schemes for Sind Table 10 - Civil Works -- Proposed Schemes for NWFP Table 11 - Civil Works -- Proposed Schemes for Baluchistan Table 12 - Equipment, Spares, and Machine Tools -- Summary of Costs and Schedule of Expenditures Table 13 - Equipment and Spares List and Costs by Province Table 14 - Machine Tools List and Costs by Province Table 15 - Technical Assistance -- Summary of Costs and Schedule of Expenditures Table 16 - Training -- Summary of Costs and Schedule of Expenditures Table 17 - Supervision and Administration -- Federal Coordinating Cepl Table 18 - Disbursement Schedule of IDA Credit

ANNEX 2 - Procurement Schedule Table 1 - Equipment and spares Table 2 - Machines Tools - iii -

LIST OF ANNEXES (Cont'd)

ANNEX 3 - Supervisory Consultants Term<, of Reference

ANNEX 4 - Implementation Schedule

ANNEX 5 - Financial and Economic Tables Table 1 - O&M and Aministration -- Summary of Costs and Schedule of Expenditures Table 2 - O&M and Administration -- Puiijab Province Table 3 - O&M and Administration -- Sind Province Table 4 - O&M and Administration -- NWFP Table 5 - O&M and Administration -- Ba:Luchistan Province Table 6 - Cropping Patterns and Yields for the Sub-systems/schemes Model Table 7 - Illustrative Financial Crop Budgets Table 8 - Farmgate Prices used in Economic Analysis Table 9 - Current and Estimated Revenues and O&M Expenditures Table 10 - Summary of Economic Evaluation Table 11 - Economic Cash Flow

PLATES

I - Water Balance - Indus Plan and Peshawar Vale II - Indus Irrigation System III - Typical Cross-section of Main Canals and Branches IV - Typical Cross-section of Distributaries and Minors V - Organizational Chart - Federal Coordinating Cell VI - Organizational Chart - Punjab Department of Irrigation and Power VII - Organizational Chart - Sind Department of Irrigation and Power VIII Organizational Chart - NWFP Department of Irrigation IX - Organizational Chart - Baluchistan Department of Irrigation and Power

MAP - PAKISTAN - Irrigation Systems Rehabilitation Project :it PAKISTAN

IRRIGATION SYSTEMS REHABILITATION PROJECT

STAFF APPRAISAL REPORT

I. BACKGROUND

1.01 Pakistan's irrigation, drainage, and flood protection systems are deteriorating because of an accumulation of deferred maintenance. This has been evidenced by: breaching of flood protection bunds during the 1973 and 1976 floods, frequent breaching of canal banks; and, clogging of canals and surface drains with sediment and debris. This situation has been documented in many reports such as: (a) "Pakistan: Flood Rehabilitation Program Credit", Report No. 304a-PAK, World Bank (February 20, 1974); (b) "Operation and Maintenance of Flood Protection Works in Pakistan", Inter-Departmental Group (June 1978); (c) "Revised Action Progranm (RAP) for Irrigated Agricul- ture", Water and Power Development Authority (May 1979); and (d) "An Economic Analysis of Level and Structure of Irrigation Water Charges", a recent publication by Pakistan's Institute of Development Economics.

1.02 The possibility of strengthening the operation and maintenance (O&M) capability of the Provincial Irrigation Departments (PIDs) on a project basis was discussed in general terms by Government of Pakistan (GOP) officials and an IDA Agricultural Review Mission in December 1979. National Engineering Services, Pakistan (NESPAK) was engaged by GOP to prepare a feasibility report for the project. NESPAK's draft report (Marclh 1981) served as the principal reference document for an IDA appraisal mission that visited Pakistan in June 1981. This report is based upon the findings of that mission comprising Mr. W. Fairchild, Miss G. Lituma, and Messrs 14. Artaza, C. P. Cheng, J. Mohamadi, and R. Reynolds (IDA), and Mr. W. Sikorski (Consultant). Mr. R. Anson (IDA) also assisted in the economic analysis.

General

1.03 The Islamic Republic of Pakistan covers an area of about 197 M ac in the four Provinces of Baluchistan, North Wast Frontier (NWFP), Punjab and Sind. The population is estimated at 80 M and increasing at a rate of 3% per annum (p.a.). About 74% of the population resides in the rural areas. Average per capita income is about US$ 300 p.a. 1/ and is growing at an annual rate of about 3%. About 30% of the population is estimated to have an annual income below US$ 150 per capita, which was the estimated absolute poverty level for FY 80.

1.04 Agriculture is the single largest sector in Pakistan's economy. It accounts for about 30% of the GDP, employs about 55% of the 23 M labor force, and provides about 70% of the nation's export earnings. In FY 80, agricultural exports exceeded by over US$ 550 M the value of agriculture- related imports of fertilizer, pesticides, machinery, wheat, edible oil, tea, etc.

1/ World Bank estimate using 1980 prices. - 2-

Agricultural Performance and Policies

1.05 Agricultural production grew substantially in the late 1960s, averaging about 6% per year. This growth slowed to little over 2% annually in the early to mid-1970s. A series of adverse developments caused this disappointing performance: political turmoil during 1971 and 1972, and a succession of floods and droughts during the period 1973-76. Institutional factors also contributed to this poor showing, mainly, weaknesses in agricultural supporting services, and worsening terms of trade for agricultural products. A major factor preventing higher agricultural production has been the, uncertainty of irrigation water supplies, coupled with inefficiencies in the irrigation system. Agricultural production, however, increased from 2.5% annually in FY 78 to 7.3% in FY 80. Much of this recovery could be attributed to favorable weather conditions, however there are signs that improvements in GOP's price support policies, and increased supply of fertilizer are beginning to take effect.

1.06 During the last three decades, GOP-s agricultural policies have stressed: (a) large water sector projects (Tarbela and Mangla Dams, link canals, and salinity control and drainage projects); (b) food and input subsidies (wheat, edible oil, tubewells, water charges, fertilizer and pesticides); and, (c) support pricing policy. However, some essential requirements for agricultural production such as field oriented research, training and extension programs, water management, and operation and maintenance of the existing irrigation system were severely neglected. This unbalanced approach, even though accompanied by substantial investments, was a major factor in retarding agricultural growth during the late 1960s to mid 1970s. Recently, however, GOP began to revise these policies by reducing subsidies, encouraging private sector investment in areas such as input distribution, concentrating on funding efficient agricultural extension and research services and improving water management at the farm level. Also GOP has become increasingly aware of the deterioration of its existing irrigation infrastructure. Consequently, projects to rehabilitate the irrigation system have the highest priority in the country s development program for the agriculture sector.

Physical and Demographic Features

1.07 Climate. Climate is arid to semi-arid and subtropical. The temperature in most cultivable areas allows for all-year cultivation, with temperatures reaching as high as 45-C in May and June. Rainfall varies seasonally and annually and is strongly influenced by monsoon currents (June through September) from tropical depressions originating in the Bay of Bengal. Annual precipitation is less than 150 mm over much of the Indus Plain, whereas pan evaporation varies from 1,250 mm to 2,800 mm, making irrigation a necessity for agricultural production. Even so, hejvy rainfall does occur during some monsoon seasons causing substantial flood damage to property and crops, and loss of human lives. In 1973 and 1976, floods caused damage in excess of US$1,800 M, which prompted two IDA Flood Rehabilitation and Restoration Projects (Cr.466-PAK and 683-PAK). 1.08 Water. Total annual rainfall in the Indus Plain's culturable canal commanded area (cca) is about 25 maf with about 50% effectiveness. The total annual Indus River inflow is about 150 maf. Qtiality of this surface water is excellent for irrigation with total dissolvEd solids (TDS) running between 100 to 200 ppm in the upper basin and 150 to -;50ppm in the lower Indus. There are vast amounts of groundwater underlying the Indus Plain. To a depth of 40 m, 47% of the Indus Plain has groundwater with TDS of less than 1,000 ppm and 69% less than 3,000 ppm. 1/ Fresh groundwater (FGW) pumpage (160,000 private and 10,000 public tubewells) amounts to about 33 maf annually. The "Revised Action Programme for Irrigated Agriculture" (RAP) 2/ estimated that an additional 11 maf is recharged annually to F1GW zones and is available for pumpage. Of the approximately 200 maf of water available to the Indus Plain, only about 67 maf is available to crops because of unavoidable losses and poor water management (see Plate I-Indus Plain and ]'eshawarVale Water Balance). A recently approved On-Farm Water Management Project with IDA and International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) financing is to improve water management along selected watercourses in Pakistan.

1.09 Soils. The soils of the Indus Plain are generally deep river alluvium deposits of a calcareous nature. About 85% of the soils' texture is moderately coarse to moderately fine and are well suited to irrigated agriculture. The pH generally runs from 8 to 3.5 with nitrogen, phosphorous and organic matter being generally low and potassum in ample supply. As shown in Table 1.1, some 78% of these soils have been classified as having Class I or II capability.

Table 1.1: Land Capability in Canal IDrigated Areas (M ac)

Sind &

Class Capability Punjab NWFP Baluch Total _

I Very good 8.93 0.19 2.58 11.90 33 II Good 8.80 0.19 6.91 15.90 45 III Moderate 3.01 0.09 3.19 6.29 18 IV Poor 1.26 0.01 0.26 1.53 4

Total 22.00 1.10 12.22 35.62 100

Source: Soil Survey of Pakistan.

1.10 A 41.3 M ac soil salinity survey of the Indus Plain, which was completed in 1980 by WAPDA's Research and Survey Organization, found substantial improvement in surface and profile salinity as compared to information from a similar survey made in the early 1960s. Much of this improvement can be attributed to the leaching effect of additional water supplies delivered to

1/ Water with TDS less than 1000 ppm is generally considered acceptable quality for irrigating crops; whereas water up to 3000 ppm has been successfully utilized for crop production in Pakistan when appropriately mixed with good quality surface supplies.

2/ Prepared by the Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) in May 1979 with UNDP financing and World Bank as Executing Agency. - 4- the irrigated areas. The 1980 survey determined that about 62% of the irrigated soils in the Indus Plain were salt free, 11% saline, 3% sodic and 24% saline sodic. Soil salinity in the lower basin is more of a problem where only 38% of the soils in Sind and Baluchistan are salt free. However, the survey found over 80% of the saline sodic soils contained gypsum in the profile and would be readily reclamable by leaching. Therefore, much;of the soils appearing in Land Class III and IV in Table 1.1 could be easily upgraded through a program of leaching and appropriate management practices.

1.11 Land Use. Culturable canal commanded area that can be irrigated for at least one full cropping season, includes about 34.5 M ac of land of which 5 M ac is classified as culturable waste. An additional 20 1M ac of cultivated land are watered by rain (barani), flood moisture (sailaba), isolated irrigation systems, and groundwater and about 28 M ac are in range and forest lands. The remaining 119 M ac are made up of deserts, mountains and open water. Table 1.2 gives more details on land-use.

Table 1.2: Land Use

Area % (M ac)

Culturable Canal Command (cca) 34.5 17.6

Culturable waste within cca -5.0 -2.6 Subtotal 29.5 15.0

Other (Cultivated Areas Irrigated (wells, streams, karezes /a etc.) 5.5 2.8

Barani (rainfed) 9.1 4.6

Sailaba (riverain & torrent) 5.6 2.8 Subtotal 20.1 10.2

Range and Forest Land 28.3 14.4

Total suitable for agriculture and forestry 77.9 39.6

Total unsuitable for agriculture and forestry 118.8 60.4

Total area of Pakistan 196.7 100.0

/a Karaze: an irrigation scheme existing in Baluchistan. Irrigation system with tunnel-like channel from water source at hill foot that flows by gravity until it surfaces and outlets to fields that may be located several kilometers away.

Source: "Revised Action Program for Irrigated Agriculture", Master Planning (WAPDA), May 1979. 1.12. Farm Size. As shown in Table 1.3, in 1972 the majority or 68% of the 3.76 M farms in Pakistan are under 12.5 ac, but they cover only 30% of the total 49 M ac of farmland. Another 29% of the farms in the size category of 12.5 to 50 ac occupy 46% of the total farmland, and the remaining 3% of farms over 50 ac in size occupy 24% of the total farm:Land. The Land Reform Act of 1972 limited holdings of irrigated land to 150 ac and this was further reduced in 1977 to 100 ac.

Table 1.3: Farm Distribution by Size and Percentage in CCAs

Farms Area No. (000) C_1 M ac %

Under 2.5 520 14 0.64 1 2.5-5.0 538 14 1.90 4 5.0-7.5 580 15 3.43 7 7.5-12.5 921 25 8.91 18 12.5-25.0 794 21 13.06 27 25.0-50.0 289 8 9.22 19 Over 50.0 119 3 11.88 24

Total: 3,761 100 49.06 100

Source: Pakistan Census of Agriculture, 1972

1.13 Land Tenure. Among the 3.76 M farms in Pakistan, 42% or 1.56 M are owner-operated, 34% or 1.29 M are tenant operated, and 24% or 0.89 M are mixed owner and tenant operated. A large portion (63%) of the farms in Sind are tenant operated (Table 1.4).

Table 1.4: Land Tenure Operation Under CCAs

% of Farms % of Area No. of Owner Owner Farms Operator Mixed Tenant Operator Mixed Tenant (o000)

Punjab 2,375 42 29 29 39 36 26 Sind 748 24 13 63 31 19 51 NWFP 466 55 22 23 28 40 22 Baluchistan 172 73 8 19 68 15 17

Total: 3,761 42 24 34 40 31 29

Source: Pakistan Census of Agriculture, 1972. -6-

Agricultural Production

1.14 Crop Production and Yields. Wheat, rice, cotton and sugarcane are the major crops. Wheat grows in the dry season (rabi, mid-October to mid- April) in both irrigated and barani areas. Rice and cotton are grown in the wet season (kharif, mid-April to mid-October). Sugarcane is mainly planted or ratooned in the spring and harvested 10 to 12 months later. About 74% of the wheat and sugarcane production and 60% of the cotton come from Punjab and 47% of the rice is produced in Punjab and an equal amount of rice in Sind. Table 1.5 gives a summary of FY80 yields and production for the major crops.

Table 1.5: Yields and Production for Major Crops (1979-80)

Crops Acreage Yields Production ('000 ac) (mt/ac) ( 000 mt)

Wheat 17,079 0.63 10,805 Rice 5,027 0.64 3,216 Cotton 5,142 0.14 729 /a Sugarcane 1,775 15.45 27,500

/a 4,096,000 bales.

Source: Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Cooperatives.

1.15 Crop yields should be quite high in Pakistan because of the extensive irrigation systems, favorable climate for year-round cropping, and generally good soils. However, due mainly to constraints described in paras 1.05 and 1.06, crop yields are far below their potential with wheat and rice yields of about 0.6 mt/ac, cotton 0.1 and sugarcane 15.0 (Table 1.5). Based upon a 1977 Leading Farmer Survey, RAP estimated that reasonable and obtain- able crop yields for wheat should be 1.38, rice 1.50, cotton 0.28, and sugarcane 28.0 mt/ac. These potentials are attainable through improved delivery of irrigation water, water management, extension services and input supplies of seeds, fertilizer, and pesticides. In most cases, crop yields are not affected by any single factor, but rather by a combination and interaction of several factors. However, production constraints are mostly water related.

1.16 Cropping Intensities. Cropping intensity and cropping pattern vary with climate, soils and particularly the availability of water. According to RAP, the highest annual cropping intensity (141%) is in the NWFP's mixed cropping zone and the lowest (65%) is in Sind's rice-wheat zone, which reflects soil salinity and flooding constraints. The average annual cropping intensity in the Indus Plain is about 100%, whereas a reasonable target for cropping intensities would be 130% to 150%.

Agricultural Inputs and Services

1.17 Fertilizers. Currently, fertilizer distribution is handled by both public and private sectors. Recently, fertilizer off-take rates have grown at about 20% annually and reached about 1,080 M nutrient mt in FY 81. Although a depressed off-take prevailed immediately following the sharp - 7 -

February 1980 fertilizer price increase, it rezovered during rabi season 1980/81. Under the Fertilizer Import Credit (Cr. 1068-PAK) GOP has agreed to: (a) increase domestic production of nitro3enous and phosphorous fertilizer to 1,050,000 and 178,000 nutrient tons, respectively, by FY84, which would meet about 75% of the domestic requiremeat; (b) improve the efficiency of the distribution system; (c) strengthen the role of the private sector in both production and distribution; and, (d) phase out all fertilizer subsidies by FY86.

1.18 Seeds. During FY79, only about 6% of the required wheat, rice and cotton seed was met with certified seeds. To improve the situation, GOP and GO Provinces have launched an IDA assisted Seed Industry Development Project (Cr. 620-PAK) with a target to meet 86% of the total certified seed requirement by FY83.

1.19 Plant Protection. In February 1980, the responsibility for pesticides distribution was transferred from the Extension Service to the private sector and the government subsidy on pesticides in Punjab and Sind was abolished. Withdrawal of pesticides subsidy in Baluchistan and NWFP is to be completed by 1983.

1.20 Extension Service. Each Province has an agricultural extension system, although their operation to date has teen quite ineffective. To improve the effectiveness of current extension programs, IDA has recently funded two projects to introduce the Training and Visit (T&V) System in Punjab (Cr. 813-PAK) and in Sind (Cr. 922-PAK).

1.21 Agricultural Credit. Agricultural credit in Pakistan is provided from a variety of sources, including the Federal Bank of Cooperatives (FBC), the four Provincial Cooperative Banks (PCB), the Agricultural Development Bank of Pakistan (ADBP) and Commercial Banks (CB). The FBC, PCB and CB provide mainly short-term credit and limited cEmount of medium-term credit. ADBP provides mainly medium and long-term creclit. During FY80, agricultural credit amounted to Rs 2.3 billion of which about 45% was financed by CBs, 30% by ADBP and the balance 25% by the PCBS. In 1978, IDA approved the Fourth Credit for ADBP (Cr. No.957-PAK) for US$40 M, with IFAD financing an additional US$30 M. This credit is to mainly finance investments in minor irrigation, mechanization, and on-farm development.

II. IRRIGATION SYSTEMS ANI) RELATED O&M

2.01 Irrigation began in Pakistan about 3,000 years ago. Now irrigation is undertaken on about 75% of the cropped area (Table 1.2) which generates about 90% of the Nation's total agricultural production. Primarily because of inadequate funding for maintenance, the irrigation system is now in a seriously deteriorated condition. -8-

Irrigation Facilities

2.02 Indus Irrigation System: The Indus Irrigation System (34.5 M ac cca) is the largest contiguous irrigation system in the world. It comprises the Indus River and its major tributaries, three major storage reservoirs, 1/ 19 barrages/headworks, 12 link canals, 2/ 43 canal commands and some 89,000 chaks (para 2.04). The total length of the canal system is about 58,500 km with watercourses, farm channels and field ditches running another 1.6 M km in length (see Plate II - Indus Irrigation System).

2.03 Water from the river channels is diverted by barrages and headworks into the main canals. 3/ The first controlled all-year irrigation began in 1859 with completion of the Upper Bari Doab Canal from Madhopur headworks on the Ravi River. Generally, the hierarchical canal system runs from main canals to branch canals, distributaries, and minors. Table 2.1 gives a summary of data on canal channels broken down by Provinces.

Table 2.1: Summary of Indus Irrigation System's Channels

Discharge (cusecs) cca Province Total length(km) Designed Capacity (M ac)

Punjab 36,700 272,000 /a 20.65 Sind 18,625 132,400 12.19 NWFP 2,300 7,700 .90 Baluchistan 825 4,770 .76

58,500 416,870 34.5

/a includes link canals.

Source: "Rehabilitation of Irrigation and Flood Protection Works in Pakistan." NESPAK, March 1981 (cca adjusted on basis of RAP data).

2.04 In each canal command, the lowest order command is called a chak. These chaks vary in size from 200 to 700 ac (average about 400 ac), each covering about 20 to 50 farms (average about 35 farms). Flow into the chak distribution system, which is called a watercourse, is governed by an open, free flowing outlet (mogha) designed to pass a discharge that self-adjusts in proportion to flows from the parent channel. Normally, moghas outlet from distributaries and minors. Generally discharges from moghas vary from one to three cusecs, however, there are instances where over 5 cusecs are delivered. The distribution of water within a chak is by a time rotation called "warabundi" with each farmer holding a specific period in proportion to the size of his holding.

1/ Tarbela has 9.3 maf live storage, Mangla 5.9, and Chashma 0.7.

2/ Marola-Ravi link has the largest design capacity of 22,000 cusecs.

3/ Rohri in Sind is the largest of the 43 canals and commands about 2.6 M ac. - 9 -

2.05 Generally, the design criteria of the canal system have evolved to:

(a) fit the availability of water supplies in the river;

(b) meet the objective of bringing to maturity the largest possible acreage of crops with the minimum consumption of water; 1/ and

This design has resulted in low cropping intensities (para 1.16) and low yields (para 1.14). However, with the urgent demand to increase crop production to meet the domestic requirements of a rapidly increasing population (para 1.05) and a need to aid balance of payments through international sale of exportable surpluses, flows in excess of designed capacities are now being carried in many of the canals, especial:y in Sind Province. 2/ This has placed great stress on the system and has increased significantly the risk of failure. These larger flows have been made possible by an improved system of barrages and the storage in Mangla and Tarbela reservoirs.

2.06 Until about 20 years ago, the extensive groundwater resource under tihe Indus Plain (para. 1.08) was viewed more as an hazard of waterlogging than an asset available to yield additional water for crop production. The first large scale salinity control and reclamation p)roject (SCARP I) was started in 1959 and involved installation of 2,069 public tubewells(TW), of one to five cusecs discharge capacity. As of June 30, 1930, WAPDAhad installed about 11,000 operating public TWs in the fresh grouadwater (FGW) zones and about 1,300 in saline groundwater (SGW) zones. TabLe 2.2 shows SCARP implementation progress through June 30, 1980. Normally public TWs in FGW discharge into the upper end of the watercourse and become part Df the warabundi.

Table 2.2. Summary of SCARPF mplenentation Program Progress Up to June 30, 1980

TWs (No.) FGW SGW Expenditures

Province New Replace New (Rs M)

Punjab 8,116 815 927 2,933 Sind 2,376 30 365 2,084 NWFP 549 - - 374 Baluchistan 105 - - 83

Total 10,939 845 1,292 5,475

Source: WAPDA

1/ A general design criterion has been 3 ctsecs for each 1000 ac of cca.

2/ For example, Rohri canal in Sind has a cLesign capacity of 10,887 cusecs, but has been operated at 16,385 cusecs. - 10 -

2.07 Noting the operation of SCARP TWs and the financial returns of supplementing surface water supplies with groundwater, farmers in the late 1950s began installing and operating smaller private TWs of one cusec or smaller discharge capacity. It is now estimated that about 160,000 private TWs have been installed with a total annual pumpage of about 26.0 maf, which exceeds by about three times public TW pumpage of about 7.9 maf. 2.08 Irrigation Outside the Indus Plain: According to RAP (Table 1.2), there are about 5.5 M ac of irrigated land outside the Indus Basin cca. This area, most of which is supplied by private irrigation systems, is in widely scattered parcels, and receives water supply from various sources such as open wells, TWs, lift pumps, karezes, springs and smaller diversion schemes. Most of the minor civil canals and lift irrigation schemes are operated by PIDs and are located in NWFP (110,000 ac cca) and Baluchistan (220,000 ac cca). Water supply available for such schemes is extremely variable by location and by season. Because of the scattered nature of these schemes, O&M is more costly and poses a more difficult problem as evidenced by the highly deteriorated state of these facilities, some of which are inoperable at the present time. Drainage Facilities

2.09 The drainage system needs in the irrigated areas of Pakistan comprises both surface and subsurface facilities. Except for rice area commands, subsurface drainage would be required ultimately for all irrigated areas where the water table is less than 5 feet. GOP has attempted to meet such subsurface drainage through SCARPs plus a very limited tile drainage program where applicable (example Khairpur II, Cr. 648-PAK). 2.10 The flat topography and lack of well developed natural drainage system in the Indus Plain, creates a surface drainage problem, which has been compounded by the construction of roads, railways, flood embarkments, and irrigation distribution networks that obstructed natural drainage flows. The ccas which are subject to frequent rainstorm flooding are located near the Himalaya's foot hills in the upper portion of the Bari, Rechna, and Chaj Doabs in Punjab and in the lower reaches of the Indus Plain close to the sea coast in Sind. Also local surface drainage problems are encountered in NWFP. The cities of Lahore, Karachi, Jhang, Sukkur, and Rawalpindi have major stormwater drainage problems. Over the years a large network of surface drains has been constructed in Punjab's doabs and more recently construction of Phase I of the Left Bank Outfall Drain in Sind provides some relief from rain flooding in the tail reaches of the Rohri and Nara canal commands. Table 2.3 gives a summary of the major characteristics of existing surface drains. Table 2.3: Discharge Capacities, Catchment Area and Length of Surface Drains

Discharge Catchment Total Length Province Designed Area of Drains (cusecs) (sq km) (km) Punjab 15,000 23,390 6,320 Sind 9,870 17,720 5,980 NWFP 3,440 2,780 1,990 Baluchistan 390 360 160

Total: 28,700 44,250 14,360 Source: Ibid, NESPAK Flood Protection Facilities

2.11 Extensive flood losses in Pakistan 'para 1.07) occur from three major categories of floods; rain flooding, hiLl torrents, and major rivers. See para 2.10 for description of the system oi- surface drains constructed to mitigate the damages of rain flooding.

2.12 A severe and largely intractable flood problem is caused by hill torrents on intermittent streams that drain hilly or foothill areas in zones of low annual rainfall. Intensive rainstorms occasionally occur in steep and barren catchment areas, causing severe flash floods and depositing large quantities of coarse sediments. Regions most affected are the eastern slopes of the Kirthar and Suleman Ranges (Baluchistan and Sind), Peshawar Valley (NWFP) and Nallah tributaries of the Chenab and Ravi Rivers (Punjab). Because of the infrequency and localized nature of hiLl torrent flooding, few flood protection measures have been installed to alLeviate this problem.

2.13 Major river flooding associated witl1 the Indus River and Punjab tributaries represents the greatest flood hazard to Pakistan. To reduce major river flood damage, an extensive bund system has been installed along the Lower Indus River in Sind which is entireLy confined by bunds, except where high ground is near. the river. In Punjab and NWFP, bunds have been constructed at high hazard locations and in a3sociation with barrages. The total length of front-line bunds along the major rivers is about 4200 km Table 2.4 gives a summary of existing flood protection bunds.

Table 2.4: Existing Flood Protection Bunds (km)

River Training & Protection Protection Near Embankment Structures along rivers Spurs Total

Punjab 521 1,931 168 2,620

Sind 66 1,842 3 1,911 NWFP 2 171 56 229 Baluchistan _ 248 - 248

Total 589 4,192 227 5,008 Sources: Ibid, NESPAK

2.14 Priorities for the planning, design, construction or rehabilitation of flood protection facilities are estabLished by the Federal Flood Commission (FFC) based upon recommendations of PIDs. These priorities are generally in line with the 1978 National Flood Plan. 1/ A flood forecasting and warning program is jointly operated by the Pakistan Meterological Department (PMD), WAPDA, police, GO Punjab, aad GO Sind. This program was recently upgraded through a World Meterological Organization/UNDP/PMD Flood Forecasting Project.

1/ "1978 National Flood Plan" (October 1979) was prepared for FFC by NESPAK/Harza from funds provided by the 1976 Flood Damage Restoration Project (Cr. 683-Pak). - 12 -

Problems Associated with Existing Facilities

2.15 Canals. Because of the increasing demands for irrigation water, many of the canals are carrying quantities of water well in excess of their design capacities and beyond the limits of safe operation (para 2.05). Most canals are now operating with inadequate or no freeboard, berms have been eroded away, operating road widths are inadequate, outside embankments have deteriorated, sedimentation has severely reduced the capacity in many minors and distributaries, and some hydraulic structures need repair.

2.16 Canals breach on many occasions. A notable example was a breach in the Rohri canal in 1978 when the canal was closed for 10 days for repairs with no water deliveries during that period to the 2.6 M ac cca. Most of the earthwork and repairs are done with labor intensive methods with inadequate attention to required compaction.

2.17 The Indus canal system carries a substantial sediment load which ranges from about 50 to 300 ppm of fine and medium sands. Even though the canals are theoretically designed to carry this sediment for proportional evacuation through the watercourse moghas and eventual deposition on the irrigated lands, a significant amount is deposited in the canal channels. This problem is particualrly serious in distributaries and minors flowing less than 1000 cusecs and located in the mid and lower reaches of subsystems. Sediment deposition in the distributaries and minors may occur in any reach or throughout their entire lengths. However, the net effect in all cases is to raise the water flow line in the channel resulting in additional with- drawals of water for water courses in the upper reaches with corresponding reductions in deliveries to water courses in the lower reaches of distributaries and minors. This phenomenon has been well documented in RAP-s expanded agricultural economics survey of 2,000 farmers in 400 watercourses. This survey indicated that the value of crops produced was substantially lower in tail end watercourses than was the case of watercourses situated along the mid or upper reaches of such systems. To rectify the sediment problem, the normal maintenance procedures by PIDs calls for a special maintenance program to remove the accumulated sediment. Because of inadequate funding and time limitation of perennial canal closure (maximum 15 days in January of each year), the sediment problem has gone generally unattended in recent times.

2.18 SCARP Public Tubewells. Since FY 75, SCARP TW pumping capacity has been declining at a rate of about 4.6% annually because of tubewell failure, decline in groundwater levels, reduction in specific capacity (blockage of TW screens and gravel packs) and pump breakdowns. Because of inadequate operating budgets to finance ever increasing energy costs, pumps are now being operated at about 35% of installed capacity. Another major problem is that a formalized operational program has not been developed to integrate canal and TW water. The organization responsible for canal and TW operations are parallel with no cross links for operational coordination below the Regional Chief Engineer. No public TW operating criteria have been developed reflecting crop water requirements and tubewell schedules. The only operational criteria calls for TW pumpage for the full period of the warabundi so that distribution is equitable. Public TW operators pose a particularly difficult problem. Operators are frequently absent - 13 - from TW stations. Initially, TWs are equipped with protective devices to shut off the motor when electrical supply problems are experienced. Pumps are to be restarted only by the operators, but becau3e of their frequent absences many of the protection devices have been disabled by disgruntled farmers, which has resulted in a high incidence of burned out motors. Preferential arrangements between the operator and some farmers are not unusual. Attempts to discipline operators have generally been uasuccessful because of a powerful operators' union.

2.19 Surface Drainage: The older surface drains were designed with rule-of-thumb criteria ranging from one to four cusecs per square mile. This inadequate capacity has been further aggravated by such man-made obstructions as roads, railways and canals. Because of inadequate maintenance, most of these drains have become clogged with sedimenL and weeds. Interviewed farmers in RAP's expanded agricultural economLcs survey repeatedly indicated that slow removal of excess storm water was a major problem constraining increased crop production.

2.20 Flood Protection Bunds: Numerous G3P and IDA studies and reports I/ have shown that failure of flood protection blindshas invariably been associated with breaching rather than overtopping. Breaches are a direct result of inadequate maintenance associated with rain cuts, wave wash, stream erosion, damage caused by vehicular or animal traffic, and holes made by burrowing animals and tree roots. Experience has indicated that bunds constructed with manual/donkey techniques are more prone to breaching than those constructed with heavy earth-moving equipment. Labor intensive measures are characterized by greater volume of larger clods and air pockets, and corresponding substan- dard compaction. For example, none of the bu:id reaches restored with heavy equipment following the 1973 and 1976 floods were breached during subsequent high flood flows in 1976 and 1978 respectively.

Current O&M Funding

2.21 Inadequate funding for O&M has been the major cause for the accumulation of deferred maintenance and resulting prTblems affecting the irrigation, drainage, and flood protection facilities deszribed in para 2.15 to 2.20. Normally such funding should be fully met in the Non-Development Budgets (NDB) supported by financial resources generated within each Province. Because of a shortfall of NDB funding, GO Provinces and GOP have included certain deferred maintenance items, described as rehabilitatioa, in the Provincial Annual Development Programs (ADP). Further, to alleviate the funding problem, GOP has assumed the rehabilitation of flood proteztion works as a Federal responsibility and included it in the Federal ADP. 2/

1/ IDA Staff Appraisal Reports (304a-PAK and 1396a-PAK) for the 1973 Flood Rehabilitation Program Credit (Cr. 466-PAK) and 1976 Flood Damage Restoration Project (Cr. 863-PAK), and "National Flood Protection Plan 1978" prepared for Federal Flood CommissiDn by NESPAK/Harza.

2/ Funding for rehabilitation of flood protection works in the Federal ADP is Rs. 350 M for FY 1982, which is the approximate level called for in the 1978 National Flood Plan. - 14 -

2.22 There have been a number of attempts to assess the optimum level of O&M activities to be funded in the Provincial NDBs. One such study was undertaken for RAP where the required budgetary allocation for canal O&M expenditures was estimated at about Rs 14 per ac. 1/ Taking RAP's recom- mendation, but expressed in 1981 prices, the required level of O&M allocation per ac for canal and drainage system in Punjab, exclusive of establishment charges, would be in the order of Rs 400 M as compared to the Rs 87 M allocated for FY 81.

2.23 Table 2.5 gives a summary of Provincial NDB allocation to PIDs for O&M. In Punjab, the significant increase in allocation since FY 77 went mainly to establishment and TWs. Generally, NDB allocations have met PIDs requests for establishment and TW O&M, even though TWs are operated at only about 35% of capacity. The shortfall in NDB funding has been adjusted to the detriment of O&M for canals, surface drains, and flood protection works where such allocation is about 45 to 60% of PIDs request. This phenomenon reflects PIDs priority to keep its establishment intact and the necessity to pay the energy cost associated with public TW operation. The rapidly accelerating cost of public TW operation will be-exacerbated in the future by envisioned increases in energy costs and the addition of public TWs to the system, e.g., approximately 900 in the FGW in FY83. The deteriorating situation for canal O&M funding would be difficult to reverse unless GOP and GO Provinces: (a) initiate a TW transition program for transferring TWs in the FGW zones to the private sector for operation, maintenance, and replacement; and, (b) increase water rates to finance required O&M. Both of these policy actions were recommended by RAP and generally accepted by GOP. GOP made a noteworthy start to improve the Provincial NDB in FY 82 by providing, for the first time, Rs 100 M to Punjab and Rs 50 M to Sind to supplement the PIDs' O&M budget. All four Provinces have been increasing water charges over the past several years and they added another 25 percent increase for FY82. Also efforts are being made to improve the collection rate of water charges which at present are somewhat low. The current average water rate in Pakistan is about Rs 30 per ac per crop season.

1/ Estimated at Rs 19.5 per ac in 1981 currency values. - 15 -

Table 2.5: Summary of NDB Allocations to PIDs (RsM)

Item 1976/77 1977/78 1978/79 1979/80 1980/81

Punjab /a

Establishment 190 220 219 244 245 Canals lb 74 72 73 81 87 Tubewells 124 123 186 197 326

Total 388 415 478 522 658

Sind /a

Establishment 43 53 55 67 70 Canals /b 103 127 147 103 161 Tubewells 2 2 2 72 73

Total 148 172 204 242 304

NWFP /a

Establishment 16 20 24 29 30 Canals /b 22 22 38 45 39 Tubewells 2 2 5 8 9

Total 40 44 67 82 78

Baluchistan /a

Establishment 11 (NA) 14 15 (NA) Canals /b 9 (NA) 14 12 (NA) Tubewells /c 1 (NA) 1 1 (NA)

Total 21 (NA) 29 28 (NA)

/a Punjab includes all permanentpersonnel costs under establishment, whereas other Provinces list permanent field personnel costs under canals. /b Includes allocation for canals, surface (trainsand flood protection works. /c Limited to groundwater investigations.

2.24 Even though the major constraint to an effective O&M program is funding, there appears opportunity to improve record keeping, advance program planning, independent inspection and review, and better utilization of the establishment and equipment. A considerable portion of O&M instructions to the field offices are in form of circulars and letters from the Secretaries and Chief Engineers that need updating and collating. O&M manuals are generally old and do not reflect recent changes in the system and opportunities to utilize new technologies and equipment (para 2.26). As an example, the Punjab 'Manual on Irrigation Practices" was written in 1963, however the Sind "'BundManual" is an excellent document, which was revised in 1978. Rest-Houses - 16 -

are still being maintained along the main irrigation canals at intervals of about 10 miles, which was the travel distance that a Chief Engineer and his entourage could travel by camel during the early period of the system. Generally, PIDs' highly integrated organization along regional lines does not adequately provide for specialization required in functional areas of planning, construction and O&M.

Execution of Works

2.25 The traditional method of executing works is either by earth moving equipment, maintained and operated by PIDs' Mechanical Circles, or by labor intensive methods by private contractors. Currently, little irrigation-related civil works requiring heavy earth moving equipment is undertaken by private contractors. The only significant source of non-PID heavy equipment available for such work belongs to Mechanized Construction, Pakistan (MCP), a GOP char- tered and owned corporation. Because of management and financial problems, MCP has come upon hard times and PID officials have been unwilling in recent times to engage MCP to undertake civil work contracting. PID equipment is used for large schemes involving considerable earthwork and drainage excava- tion work. This approach is reflected in the composition of Provincial equipment fleets, administrative arrangements for execution of works and in the quality of completed works. Equipment fleets are composed almost exclusively of heavy machinery working in ad hoc groups formed to suit the size of the project and time allocated. The quality of equipment work is generally satisfactory, although the compaction of embankment is limited to that provided by movement of equipment with little use of compactors. Labor intensive methods, employed by small private contractors, rely on human and animal input and the use of hand tools. At the current level of supervision there is little compaction of soil placed in embankments, in spite of requirements of PIDs' specifications. The equipment inventories include only one mechanical hand compactor. Inadequate compaction during construction and repair of berms and side slopes of canals and bunds, and toe of embankments increases the likelihood of failures and need for frequent and repeated repairs.

Equipment and Maintenance Facilities

2.26 The PIDs' equipment fleets have improved considerably in recent years through acquisitions under IDA projects (Cr. 466 and 683-PAK) and other purchases. However, these fleets have substantial deficiencies in compaction equipment, equipment maintenance units and transport, medium-sized earthmoving machines, miscellaneous equipment required for improved quality and efficiency of labor intensive methods, agricultural type tractors with attachments for small jobs, specialized maintenance equipment, concrete mixers, mobile light- ing and communication equipment. Specialized equipment, such as small draglines and dredgers, is also needed for removal of sediment from operating canals. Equipment required for improved soil compaction by labor intensive methods is normally beyond the financial resources of petty contractors. Another area of equipment need is the replacement of items nearing the end or past their economic life; e.g., all draglines in Punjab PID are over 20 years old.

2.27 The PIDs' workshops and stores are generally old and have mostly antiquated machine tools; e.g., some machine tools in Punjab workshop are - 17 - about 50 years old. Additional machine tools are needed to service modern earthmoving equipment and vehicles. Some workshop buildings are inadequate and are in need of substantial repairs; e.g., Sind workshops at Kotri and Jamshoro, which were built about 30 years ago to service construction equipment working on nearby barrages. Baluchistan and NWFP require new workshops to service their increasing and far-ranging equipment fleets.

2.28 The procedures used for procurement, storage, and issuance of spare parts need considerable improvement. Due to insufficient storage space and inadequate disposal program, which have resulted in large inventories of outdated and unusable materials and spares, the storekeepers experienced difficulties in taking delivery and handling spare parts procured under the 1976 Flood Restoration Project (Cr. 683-PAK). Due to deficient inventory control methods, the spare parts stores frequently experience excessive supplies of slow-moving spares and shortage of fast-moving spares.

2.29 Another area which needs improvement is preventive maintenance of equipment, as well as a program for recording and monitoring data relating to equipment maintenance, operation and repairs. There is need for improved feed-back of data from the field to headquarters for recording and cost- accounting of equipment use.

2.30 A shortage of foreign exchange has been a continuing problem for PIDs in the timely procurement of equipment and spares. Also, the local currency cover, which runs about 90% of the CIF price of heavy equipment, of which 65 percent is customs, taxes and duties, has proven to be a heavy burden for PIDs in light of their limited ADP and NDB funds.

III. THE PROJECT

3.01 The proposed project, which is highly divisible, would finance a three-year (FY 83-85) time-slice of a rehabilitation program. It would be implemented in all four Provinces. The project would provide for rehabilitating approved surface irrigation and surface drainage systems that have badly deteriorated because of deferred maintenance. Rehabilitation of public and private tubewells and closed subsurface drains would be excluded. Required equipment and related facilities, as well as technical assistance, training, and Federal coordination would be financed by the project. Gen- erally, rehabilitation of flood protection facilities would not be included in the project since this work is appropriately covered in the Federal An- nual Development Program (ADP) administered ty the Federal Flood Commission. However, equipment funded by this project would be employed on flood protection works.

Objectives

3.02 The Project's objectives would be to:

(a) increase agricultural production by (i) providing a more reliable water supply by reducing risk of failure in the irrigation network, and (ii) reducing crop losses resulting from rain flooding by improving the surface drainage system; - 18 -

(b) provide a more equitable irrigation water supply to all farmers by increasing deliveries to watercourses in the tail reaches of minors and distributaries through a program of silt removal from selected channels;

(c) strengthen the capability of the PIDs O&M programs so as to improve efficiency of system operations, and assure continued maintenance of installed facilities; and

(d) serve as a Phase I model of a larger and continuing program of a similar nature that could be replicated in future projects.

Civil Works (Base Cost US$59.6 M)

3.03 System Rehabilitation (Base Cost US$59.0 M). The need for system rehabilitation is urgent and required on most reaches of canals and surface drains (paras 2.15-2.20). The project would provide earthwork, stone pitch- ing, and repair of hydraulic structures for about 14,000 km of canals, as well as cleaning and resectioning about 3,500 km of surface drains.

3.04 In the case of the Indus system, canal rehabilitation would be limited to present operating or design capacities, 1/ whichever is greater. The major quantity of such earthwork would relate to: (a) raising the height of the canal bank to obtain required operating freeboard; and (b) widening the canal bank to improve safety of operation. Also, hydraulic structures would be repaired, however in the Indus system these repairs would be in line with existing capacities. All rehabilitation work would meet the existing specifications of PIDs, which are satisfactory to IDA. Typical rehabilitated cross-sections for main canals, branches, distributaries and minors are shown in Plates III and IV. Designs for canal reaches to be rehabilitated would clearly indicate the maximum water surface level as basic reference datum. Assurances have been obtained from GOP and GO Provinces that design and construction of rehabilitated schemes would be in line with PIDs- specifications and that the integrity of the minimum designed free board in the rehabilitated channels would be maintained.

3.05 Provincial specifications for earthwork compaction would be enforced. Small compacting equipment provided by the project would be made available on a rental basis by PIDs to private contractors employing labor intensive techniques. Generally, labor intensive methods would be employed on waterlogged and congested areas, schemes with short leads, and minors and smaller distributaries and this work would amount to about 60% of the earthwork. When substantial quantities of earthwork with long leads, or underwater exca- vation are involved, the work would be carried out by heavy earthmoving

1/ Present operating capacity is defined as the maximum quantity of water now conveyed by a facility, whereas design capacity is defined as the capacity to which the facility was constructed in line with PID specifications and for which detailed designs were prepared prior to appraisal (June 30, 1981). - 19 -

equipment. It is estimated that about 30% of the earthwork relating to canal rehabilitation, and nearly all of the surface drainage rehabilitation, or in total about 40% of all civil works, wouldl be done by equipment.

3.06 Accumulated sediment, particularly ia dis-ributaries and minors has reduced the conveyance capacities of the channels. This has resulted in inequitable water deliveries, where upper reach watercourses receive more water and lower reach watercourses receive les3 water than planned deliveries (para. 2.17). Even though equitable water deliveries is a prime objective in operating the Indus Irrigation System, the PIDs have had difficulty in remedy- ing this situation because: (a) labor intensive methods can be employed only during the 15 day closure of perennial canals for the annual January inspection; and, (b) specialized equipment has not bsen available that could remove the sediment while the canals are operating. En some areas of Sind, farmers are donating their labor to regularly clean their minors. This is a logical and inexpensive arrangement to mobilize considerable manpower and would be encouraged in this project. Where required to achieve better equity in deliveries, PIDs in designing canal rehabilitation work would also consider changes in mogha design, as well as "bushing anad staking" to improve channel cross section characteristics.

3.07 Rehabilitation of the drainage systems primarily involves earthwork. Most of the drains are badly clogged and require clearing and cleaning. Vir- tually all of this work must be done by dragli-nes. Small and medium capacity draglines would be provided by the project to supplement the existing equipment fleet for doing this work.

3.08 Annex 1, Tables 8-11 list the proposed canals and surface drains to be rehabilitated under the project. From taese and other eligible schemes, PIDs would select priorities for each year's program of work. During negoti- ations, agreement was reached on schemes on which rehabilitation work would be initiated during FY83. Proposed schemes to be rehabilitated during FY84 and 85 would be included in the consolidated Annual Project Work Plan and Provincial Annual Work Plan (paras 5.02 and 5.03) for review and approval of IDA.l/ In planning and carrying out the rehabilitation program, PIDs would exercise care to assure the rehabilitation of zomplete systems or subsystems during the project period. PIDs would use the following guidelines in identifying priorities for rehabilitating scheines in the Indus system:

(a) systems or subsystems of canals (consisting of main canals, branches, distributaries, and minors and structures requiring repair) that are located in areas of high cropping intensities and higher value crops and need urgeat rehabilitation because of high risk of canal breach (for example, canals that are operating with little freeboard, weak banks and dowels, weak or no berms, inadequate road width and outer slope, eroded inner slopes and silted bottoms);

1! Such list would designate those schemes tD be funded by IDA and those to be funded by USAID (para. 4.07). USAID dasignated schemes would be reviewed and approved by USAID. - 20 -

(b) systems or subsystems of canals that have inequitable deliveries because of large sediment deposits in channels of minors and distributaries;

(c) systems or subsystems of canals in which farmers, under PID supervision, would donate labor for removing silt from the distributaries and minors; and

(d) surface drains that are located in highly developed agricultural areas and have lost most of their water carrying capacity through sediment deposition and cannot remove the excessive water from rainstorm and irrigation effluents at a desired rate.

The maximum civil works investment cost per ac of cca (June 1981 prices) for rehabilitating Indus Irrigation System schemes should not exceed Rs 175 in Punjab, Sind, and Baluchistan, and Rs 200 in NWFP. 1/ Schemes not within these per ac costs would be rehabilitated only following consultation with IDA, and if an economic analysis by PID showed an economic rate of return greater than 15%.

3.09 Canal systems or subsystems outside the Indus System to be rehabilitated under the project would meet the following criteria:

(a) commanded area would not be less than 250 ac;

(b) scheme would benefit at least 25 farm families;

(c) dependable and available storage in supply reservoir should not be less than 2.5 ac/ft per cropped ac; whereas the minimum flow from supplying streams should provide a minimum of one cusec during the period of critical crop water requirement for each 125 ac cropped; and

(d) rehabilitation costs for (i) existing commanded area should not exceed Rs 700 per ac; and (ii) incremental commanded areas should not exceed Rs 2,000 per ac.

Schemes not meeting the water duty in (c) above and maximum permissible rehabilitation cost per ac in (d) above could be included in the project, following consultation with IDA, if an economic analysis by PIDs shows an economic rate of return for the project greater than 15 percent. Assurances have been obtained from GOP and GO Provinces that the criteria to be followed in selecting schemes would be satisfactory to IDA and that such schemes selected for each years rehabilitation program would be submitted to IDA for review and approval.

1/ Based upon economic analysis of selected systems/subsystems (para 7.08). This maximum cost criteria (Rs/ac) would ensure the economic viability of rehabilitation work without necessity of preparing an economic analysis for each scheme. - 21 -

3.10 Table 3.1 summarizes the volumes of Earthwork as targets of the civil works component of the project. EstimatEd civil works quantities and costs, as well as Provincial annual targets for both irrigation and surface drainage rehabilitation are included in Annex 1, Table 7.

Table 3.1: Civil Works TargEts by Province Volume (. cu ft) /a

Province Canal Rehabilitation Drain Rehabilitation Total

Punjab 1,502 311 1,813 Sind 755 124 879 NWFP 52 8 60 Baluchistan 6 - 6

Totals 2,315 443 2,758

/a Includes stonework.

These targets would be accomplished during the three-year project period. The PIDs indicated these targets are well within present capacities when supplemented by the equipment provided by the project. Cost estimates and designs are available currently for some of the schemes and PID officials committed that cost estimates and designs for the first year's construction program would be completed by June 30, 1982.

3.11 Workshops and Warehouse Facilities (Base Cost US$0.6 M). The equipment repair facilities in all four Provinces require improvements (para 2.27). The project would provide for repairs and additions to the Jamshoro and Kotri workshops in Sind, and Peshawar in NWfFP. In addition, the project would provide for three new small workshops located in D.I. Khan in NWFP and Quetta and Sibi in Baluchistan. The estimated cost of these facilities are shown in Annex 1, Tables 7.

Equipment (Base Cost US$28.8M)

3.12 The PIDs equipment fleets are not properly balanced for work to be undertaken. These fleets are practically devoid of light and miscellaneous equipment required for small and medium size jobs, removal of sediment from operating canals, and for improving the efficiency and quality of labor intensive operations. In addition, replacements are urgently needed for equipment which is at or nearing the end of economic life (paras 2.25 and 2.26). The project would provide financing to alleviate these deficiencies. The lists of the proposed new equipment, spares, and machine tools for the four Provinces are shown in Annex I, Tables 12-14. Small equipment for improving labor intensive work is shown under the item light compacting equipment and miscellaneous without detailing in order that E'IDs engineers, who so far have had little experience in the use of such equiprient,would have an opportunity to further review and analyze this equipment requirement prior to procurement. The spare parts and assemblies for new equipment are estimated at 15% of the value of new equipment, which would cover approximately the requirements for - 22 -

4,000 working hours. To prevent over-ordering of slow moving spares and ensure a balanced inventory, the acquisition of these spare parts should be in at least three annual lots. Provision is made for acquisition of spare parts for existing equipment. Also, the project would provide workshop equipment and machine tools for all four Provinces, as well as a car and office equipment for the Federal Coordinating Cell.

3.13 PIDs have a program for renting heavy equipment to qualified private civil works contractors. This program would be encouraged to strengthen the private civil works industry (para 4.05).

Technical Assistance (Base Cost US$3.0 M)

3.14 The Project would provide the following technical assistance (see paras 5.07, 5.08 and 5.14 and Annex 1, Table 15 for detailed estimate of costs);

(a) an expatriate specialist in warehouse operation and an expatriate expert in equipment preventive maintenance and repairing (about 36 man/months at about US$10,000 per m/m including firm-s overhead, housing and travel);

(b) two expatriate specialists to strengthen PIDs 0&M programs and procedures (about 66 man/months at about US$10,000 per m/m including firm-s overhead, housing and travel);

(c) local supervisory consultants (about 594 man/months at about US$1500 per m/m including firm-s overhead, travel, housing and support staff) to assist the Ministry of Water and Power and PIDs in monitoring project progress and quality of work, equipment, budgeting control, processing reimbursement applications, preparing reports and annual work programs; and

(d) qualified local organization to carry out an independent evaluation of the project and assist PIDs in monitoring the project.

Training (Base Cost US$0.3 M)

3.15 The project would provide the following training:

(a) about 25 study tours to both technically advanced and developing countries with comparable irrigation, surface drainage, and flood protection facilities;

(b) in-country and on-the-job annual training on O&M programs and procedures for about 900 officials and staff personnel with the rank of Assistant Engineer and above;

The appropriate technical experts (para 3.14) would assist the PIDs in developing and conducting the training programs (see Annex 1, Table 16 for detailed estimate of training costs).

Supervision and Administration (Base Cost US$O,1M)

3.16 The project would provide funds for limited staffing of a Federal Coordination Cell under the direction of the Chief Engineering Advisor located in the Office of the Secretary of the Ministry of Water and Power (see para. 5.02 and detailed estimates of costs in Annex L, Table 17). PID staffs involved in project supervision, administration, and engineering would be funded as part of PIDs- establishment costs.

IV. PROJECT COSTS, FINANCING, AND PROCUREMENT

Cost Estimate and Schedule of Expenditures

4.01 Total project cost for the implementation period (July 1982 to June 1985) is estimated at about US$118.1 M equivalent, with a foreign exchange component of about US$32.1 M or 27%. Estimates are based on April 1982 prices and include about US$10.8 M in taxes and duties. The cost of civil works is based on: (a) recent costs of petty contracts at field sites; and (b) actual cost of operating and maintaining PID equipment excluding depreciation. Physical contingencies are assumed to be about 10% of technical assistance and training. Physical contingencies not included for: (i) civil works because of the highly divisible nature of the -:roject; and, (ii) equipment because about 10% included for miscellaneous equipment items. Price contingencies (%) are estimated as follows:

FY82 FY83 FY34 FY85 FY86

Foreign Costs 8.75 8.0 7.5 7.5 7.0 Local Costs 13.00 11.0 10.0 9.0 8.5

Estimated project costs, detailed in Annex 1, are summarized in Table 4.1. - 24 -

Table 4.1: Cost Summary by Expenditure Category

Estimated Cost Local Foreign Total Local Foreign Total ------Rs M------US$ M------

1. Civil Works 549.0 106.9 655.9 49.9 9.7 59.6 2. Equipment 151.8 165.3 317.1 13.8 15.0 28.8 3. Technical Assist. 15.4 17.2 32.6 1.4 1.6 3.0 4. Training 1.3 2.3 3.6 0.1 0.2 0.3 5. Supervision & Adm. 0.8 0.1 0.9 0.1 0.0 0.1 Base Cost 718.3 291.8 1,010.1 65.3 26.5 91.8 6. Physical Contingencies 1.8 2.0 3.7 0.2 0.2 0.3 7. Price Contingencies 225.9 59.1 285.0 20.5 5.4 25.9

Total Cost 946.0 352.9 1,298.8 86.0 32.1 118.1

Financing

4.02 The proposed IDA Credit of SDR 35.5 M (US$40 M) would finance about 47% of the foreign exchange cost, and about 33% of the local cost, or about 37% of the total project cost net of taxes and duties. It is expected that the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) would cofinance an additional US$45 M, which would fund 53% of the foreign exchange cost and about 37% of the local cost or an additional 42% of the total project cost net of taxes and duties. GOP and GO Provinces would finance the remaining US$33.1 M equivalent, including taxes and duties from their budgetary resources, which would amount to 28% of the total project cost. Approval of the project's PC-Is by ECNEC and meeting all conditions precedent to the effectiveness of USAID funding would be a condition of credit effectiveness. The proposed financing plan is summarized in Table 4.2.

Table 4.2: Proposed Project Financing

Total GOP & External Financing % Cost GOProv. IDA USAID Total IDA ------US$M------

1. Civil Works 59.6 17.3 28.7 13.7 42.4 48 2. Equipment 28.8 8.6 - 20.2 20.2 0 3. Technical Assist. 3.0 - 1.6 1.4 3.0 53 4. Training 0.3 - - 0.3 0.3 0 5. Supervision and Adm. 0.1 0.1 - - - 0 6. Contingencies 26.3 7.2 9.7 9.4 19.1 37

Total cost 118.1 33.1 40.0 45.0 85.0 34 - 25 -

Procurement

4.03 Civil works and equipment would be procured for the project. Procurement for civil works would be carried out by the PIDs. Equipment and spares to be financed by USAID would be procured following USAID pro- -cedures.

4.04 Because civil works would be seasonal and scattered over a wide area, international competitive bidding (ICB) would not be practical. Therefore, the project's civil works would be carried out in the following manner: (a) local competitive bidding (LCB) by private contractors for about 65% of the earthwork, of which about 90% would be carried out by labor intensive methods and about 10% by equipment working separately or in combination with labor; (b) force account 1/ using PIDs' equipment for about 35% of the earthwork; (c) force account for repair and replacement of hydraulic structures; and, (d) LCB for construction of equipment facilities. LCB would follow Provincial procedures, which are satisfactory to IDA. LCB contract documents exceeding Rs 2.0 M would be sent to IDA for prior review to letting. Force account rates for use of PIDs' equipment would be negotiated with IDA. These rates would be based upon estimated actual operating costs, which would exclude depreciation of equipment and spares as such items are provided by the project.

4.05 There is need to encourage and strengthen the private civil works contracting industry in Pakistan (para 2.25). Therefore, during the first year of project implementation (FY83), about 1D% of the earthwork (Rs 8.0 M) requiring equipment would be tendered using LCB procedures. To qualify as a bidder for these tenders, a contractor would be required to have equipment under his control that could complete at least 25% of the earthwork as scheduled. The contractor would then be able to rent the additional required equipment from PIDs following existing procedures (para 3.13). Assurances have been obtained from GOP that the Federal Coordinating Cell (para 5.02), assisted by the supervisory consultants (para 5.07), would review the first year's operation of this program to strengthen the private civil works contracting industry and prepare a report by September 1, 1983 of their findings and recommendations for review and conment by IDA.

4.06 Procurement of equipment and spares would follow USAID procedures. The Federal Coordinating Cell would liaise with PIDs to ensure that by June 1, 1982 specifications would be prepared and cDnsolidated for project related equipment and machine tools. These specifications would then be made available to USAID for its consideration. To facilitate the orderly procurement of spares, and to minimize the possibility of Dver or under ordering of some items, major spare orders would be placed in a minimum of three annual and approximately equal lots. Bidders on equipment should include a suggested list of spares required for the first two years of equipment operation. All bids for spares should remain valid for one year. Procurement schedule and breakdown of equipment, spares, and machine toAls to be procured are included in Annex 1, Tables 12 to 14 and Annex 2, Tables 1 and 2.

1/ Carried out departmentally by PIDs following Provincial procedures. - 26 -

Disbursements

4.07 Disbursements of the IDA credit would be made for: (a) 70% of the cost of civil works on schemes designated for IDA financing; and (b) 100% of the cost of supervisory consultants and evaluation program. Disbursements for (b) would be made against full documentation; whereas disbursement for (a) would be made against statement of expenditures for all force account work and completed contracts below Rs 300,000. For contracts of Rs 300,000 or more full documentation would be required. PIDs, assisted by the supervisory consultants would be responsible for the initial preparation of IDA reimbursement applications and these would be submitted to the Federal Coordinating Cell. Following review by-the Cell, these applications would be forwarded to IDA for reimbursement. Normally, reimbursement application should cover accumulated reimburseable costs of Rs 500,000 or more. When properly verified, reimbursement may be requested for civil works for partially completed schemes undertaken by force account and contracts in excess of Rs 300,000. The Cell would maintain consolidated budget control for the project. It is anticipated that final disbursement for the project would be made by December 31, 1985, about six months after the end of project implementation. Estimated IDA disbursement schedule is shown in Annex 1, Table 18. This schedule is patterned after the disbursement profile of the 1976 Flood Damage Restoration Project (Cr. 683-PAK), a comparable water sector project, which was fully disbursed within 36 months of initiation of project work.

Accounts and Audits

4.08 PIDs and Federal Cell would be subject to normal GO Provinces and GOP expenditures control and auditing procedures, which are considered satisfactory. Project accounts would be maintained separately and in a readily identifiable form by PIDs. The Federal Coordinating Cell would consolidate the accounts from PIDs. Accounts would be audited separately from overall accounts by an independent auditor on a timely basis. Assurances have been obtained from GOP that (i) accounts would be audited annually and separately by an independent auditor satisfactory to IDA (ii) copies of unaudited annual project accounts would be sent to IDA for review not later than six months after the end of each fiscal year, followed by certified copies of the audited accounts and auditor-s report within 9 months of the end of each fiscal year; and iii) the auditor's report would include, inter alia, a statement that funds disbursed against statements of expenditure had been used for the purposes for which they were provided.

V. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

Institutional Arrangements

5.01 The Federal Ministry of Water and Power would be responsible for project coordination between the Ministry and each of the PIDs, as well as among the PIDs. The PIDs would be executing agencies for the project. - 27 -

5.02 Federal Coordinating Cell. By July 31, 1982, the Ministry of Water and Power would organize a Federal Coordinating Cell in the office of the Chief Engineering Advisor to ensure the effective implementation, coordination and supervision of the project (see Organizational Chart - Plate V). This Cell would be headed by a senior officer (Chief Engineer or equivalent rank) designated as Project Coordinator, who would report directly to the Chief Engineering Advisor. He would be assisted by an accountant, appropriate support staff, and Supervisory consultants. The Cell's major responsibilities would be: (a) general supervision and monitoring of project activities; (b) preparing consolidated specifications of equipment, spares, and machine tools (para 4.06); (c) reviewing program to strengthen private civil contracting industry and prepare report to IDA by September 1, 1983 (para 4.05); (d) reviewing PIDs annual Work Plans 1/ to determine consistency with project targets and Implementation Schedule (Annex 4) and preparing consolidated Annual Project Work Plan for submission to IDA by March 31 of each year; (e) reviewing IDA reimbursement applications as prepared by PIDs and submitting them to IDA; (f) reviewing PIDs' Quarterly and Annual Progress Reports and preparing consolidated project reports for submission to IDA within 60 days of end of each reporting period; (g) preparing Project Completion Report within six months of the completion date of the project; and (h) reviewing PIDs' accounts, maintaining consolidated accounts for the project and arranging for required audit (para 4.08).

5.03 Provincial Irrigation Departments. PIDs would be responsible for implementing this project, which would mainly include: (a) selecting schemes to be rehabilitated based upon agreed criteria (para 3.08 and 3.09); (b) preparing plans and detailed design for schemes to be rehabilitated in line with agreed specifications (para 3.04); (c) executi ng required civil works and project facilities; (d) preparing specifications for all project related equipment, spares and machine tools by April L, 1982; (e) operating and maintaining systems; (f) monitoring of project progress and maintenance of separate accounts for the project; (g) certifying quantity and quality of completed project work; (h) preparing IDA reimbursement applications with the assistance of the supervisory consultants; (i) preparing Quarterly and Annual Progress Reports for the project and submitting them to the Federal Coordinating Cell within 30 days of the close of each reporting period; and (j) preparing an Annual Provincial Project Work Plan by March 1.of each year to be included in the Cell's consolidated Annual Work Plan and t:o serve as basis of allocation for the project in the succeeding year's Provincial ADP. Such Annual Work Plan would include, among other things, an annual O&M Program of Work (para. 5.10), and a list of proposed schemes to be rehabilitated, as well as a designation of anticipated source of external financing (para. 3.08).

1/ Annual Work Plan as referred to in this project would include, among other things, the following documents pepared by PIDS: (i) annual project request for inclusion in the Provincial ADP; (ii) description of schemes to be rehabilitated; and (iii) annual O&M Program of Work (para 5.10). - 28 -

5.04 Each Provincial Irrigation Department is headed by a Secretary. He is assisted by the secretariat staff in his office and a number of Chief Engineers who supervise field operations in the various regions. Regional commands are further subdivided into Circles, Divisions, Sub-Divisions and Sections under the respective jurisdictions of Superintending Engineers, Executive Engineers (Xen), Assistant Engineers, and Sub-Engineers (see PIDs Organizational Charts, Plates VI to IX). Generally, the Division or Sub- Divisional Officer in charge of the canal is entrusted with the O&M of drains and flood protection works within his jurisdiction. However, Sub-Engineers and their staff (mates, gauge readers and beldars) are assigned to a reach of a canal, flood protection bund, or drain. During flood season, staff assigned to canals and drains are reassigned to duties of flood watching and fighting. To take care of revenue work in Punjab and NWFP, a Canal Collector is attached to every Regional Chief Engineer. The Canal Collector is assisted by Deputy Collectors, Zilladars and Patwaris. In Sind and Baluchistan, assessments of water charges and land revenues are entrusted to the Provincial Revenue Department.

5.05 To facilitate project implementation, each PID Secretary would designate a Chief Engineer as the Provincial Project Coordinator. This officer would monitor project progress within the Department, assist the Secretary of the PID in carrying out responsibilities described in para 5.03, and coordinate PID's activities with the Federal Coordinating Cell.

5.06 The Federal Flood Commission (FCC), established in early 1977 following the two disastrous floods of 1973 and 1976, is chaired by the Chief Engineering Advisor of the Ministry of Water and Power. FFC's chief function is to administer the overall flood protection program through the Federal Annual Development Program (ADP). Rehabilitation of flood protection facilities would not be financed in this project (para 3.01). How- ever, certain equipment procured under this project would be used by PIDs in rehabilitating, operating, and maintaining flood protection facilities. Cooperation and coordination between FFC and this project should be good with the Federal Coordination Cell reporting to the Chief Engineering Ad- visor, who is also Chairman of FFC.

5.07 Technical Assistance. The project would provide about 594 man/ months of local supervisory consultants plus supporting staff as follows:

Profession No. Man/Months

Project Manager 1 (part-time) 9 Chief Equipment Engr. 1 (part-time) 9 Project Engr 1 36 Field Engr (Civil) 4 144 Junior Engr 4 144 Subengineer 6 216 Accountant 1 36

18 594 - 29 -

This team of supervisory consultants would report to the Project Coordinator in the Federal Coordinating Cell and would assist the Cell and PIDs in carrying out their responsibilities. Terms of Reference of the supervisory consultants are included in Annex 3. Services to be performed by these consultants include: (a) review plans and desi-gnsfor civil works to assure compliance with agreed criteria and specifical:ions; (b) spot check civil works during construction and check all completed works to determine quantity of work completed and if quality meets PIDs- specifications (c) assist PIDs and Cell in preparation of IDA reimbursement applications; (d) make an evaluation of the efficiency of equipment usage and maintenance, and quality of construction work for inclusion in Project Completion Report; and (e) assist the Cell in: (i) preparing report on strengthening the civil works contracting industry (para 4.05); (ii) montori.ngprogress of project to determine status of project in relation to Implementation Schedule (Annex 4); (iii) preparing consolidated Quarterly and Annual Progress Reports and Project Completion Report; (iv) preparing consolidated Annual Project Work Plan; and (v) maintaining centralized budget control.

5.08 The project would provide about 102 man/months of expatriate consultants to assist PIDs in strengthening: (a) workshop and warehouse operations; and (b) O&M programs and procedures as relate to civil works. Two specialists would be appointed by GOP (about 18 man/months each) to assist PIDs in warehouse operation and equipment preventive maintenance and repair. Their major duties would include introducing appropriate technologies and procedures for workshop and warehouse operations, equipment preventive maintenance, and monitoring equipment operations, repairs, and maintenance as well as implementing a program of organized staff training for workshop and warehouse personnel. Similarly, two O&M specialists would be appointed by GOP (about 33 man/months each) to assist the PIDs in improving O&M programs and procedures. Specifically, they would assist each PID in undertaking a review and analysis of ongoing OMI activities with a view to preparing an O&M Program of Work which would indicate the nature and amount of work required to adequately and appropriately operate and maintain all facilities assigned to the PID and related requirements of manpower and financial resources. An O&M Program of Work for each PID would be completed by March 1 of each year be included in each Province's Annual Project Work Plan (para 5.03). In addition, these specialists would assist the PIDs in developing and carrying out an O&M training program for their officials and staff.

5.09 Assurances have been obtained from GOP that it would employ suitably qualified consultants for the assignment described in paras 5.07 and 5.08 and in accordance with time schedules (expatriate experts by December 31, 1982) and terms and conditions satisfactory to IDA and in accordance with the principles and procedures described in the "Guidelines for the Use of Consultants by World Bank Borrowers and by World Bank as Executing Agency" as published by the Bank in August 1984. As a condition of effectiveness, GOP would enter into an agreement with a local firm for supplying the Supervisory Consultants. - 30 -

Operation and Maintenance

5.10 GO Provinces would provide PIDs with a phased increase of funds (see Table 5.1) to carry out an accelerated and improved O&M program on the irrigation, surface drainage, and flood protection systems so as to ensure the effective operation and sustained maintenance of the facilities. Each year during the project period, PIDs would prepare an Annual Provincial Work Plan (para 5.03), which would include a section detailing the O&M Program of Work. This section would specify the type of activities proposed to be undertaken over the whole system and would identify segments of canals, drains and bunds to receive special maintenance, including reaches to be desilted and related requirements of manpower, equipment and financial resources.

5.11 Annual O&M activities would be carefully monitored, analyzed and evaluated by PIDs with the objective of improving management and implementing procedures. Items to be analyzed and reviewed include: maintenance, priorities, frequencies and schedules; and work procedures and controls. Inspec- tion procedures, reports and follow-up also would be reviewed. In addition, the organization, management control, review process and control and communication channels would be looked at. To assist in formulating and evaluating the annual O&M programs, the project would provide several expatriate experts in O&M irrigation system management (para 5.08).

5.12 Table 5.1 summarizes current and an estimated target of incremental funds required for O&M of canal, surface drainage, and flood protection bunds but exclude funds needed to operate and maintain public TWs. Activities which are expected to be emphasized with increased O&M funds are: special repair of canal banks, desilting of canals, cleaning surface drains and a better supply of required materials for these activities. Increase in permanent staff and labor would be kept to a minimum. Equipment would be emphasized, especially for activities which should be accomplished in a very short time as necessitated by system operations. Activities and estimated amount of work proposed to be carried out with targeted level of O&M funds are included in Annex 5, Tables 1-5.

Table 5.1: Targeted Levels of Provincial O&M Funding (in 1981 constant Rs M)

------Incremental------% real Expenditure Annual Total Project Annual 1981-82 Target 1982-83 1983-84 1984-85 Period Increase

Punjab 355.0 240.0 a/ 60.0 120.0 180.0 360.0 14 Sind 254.0 66.0 22.0 44.0 66.0 132.0 8 NWFP 68.0 12.0 4.0 8.0 12.0 24.0 6 Baluchistan 27.5 18.5 b/ 3.0 6.0 9.0 18.0 9

Total 704.5 336.5 89.0 178.0 267.0 534.0 a/ To be reached in four years (FY86). b/ To be reached in six years (FY88). - 31 -

The substantial increase in O&M required in Punjab reflects the current depressed funding for canal O&M that has resuLted mainly from large expenditure for operating public TWs (Rs 316M in FY81). Assurances have been obtained from GOP and GO Provinces that all nacessary effort would be made to secure legislative approval to reach, in real terms, the above FY85 targeted level of funds for PIDs- O&M activities for the surface irrigation, surface drainage, and flood protection facilities, or levels appropriately modified, in agreement with IDA, based on revised O&M needs as reflected in the annual O&M Programs of Work (paras 5.08 and 5.10).

Monitoring and Evaluation

5.13 Monitoring. PIDs would have the responsibility of collecting, reviewing, and monitoring information regarding the physical and financial aspects of the project. They would prepare Quarterly and Annual Progress Reports and submit to the Cell within 30 days of the end of the reporting period. This program would provide project management with early warning signals regarding current and/or potential implementation problems and the status and progress of the project as related to the envisioned Implementation Schedule (Annex 4).

5.14 Evaluation would concentrate on assessing the impact of the project-s major components on: greater assurance of water deliveries, improved equity of deliveries, and increased effectiveness of drainage rehabilitation, as well as farmer's response to project improvements. The evaluation would be carried out by an independent unit. The experience and capability of WAPDA-s Alluvial Canal Observation Project (ACOP) appears to make it a satisfactory organization to undertake such work. The project evaluation would be based on inputs and information collected by the PIDs and supplemented by ACOP's own data collection program. ACOP would arrange, as appropriate, assistance from other organization for the required economic and financial analysis. ACOP would prepare a program of work for this evaluation and submit it through the Federal Coordinating Cell for the review and approval of IDA and USAID by September 30, 1982. Also, ACOP would prepare biannual progress reports and a final Project Evaluation Report to be submitted to the Cell and to IDA within two and four months respectively of the close of each reporting period. In addition, the supervisory consultants would evaluate the efficiency of equipment usage and maintenance, arLd the quality of construction work.

5.15 Both monitoring and evaluation activities would be under the supervision of the Federal Coordinating Cell. AsEurances have been obtained from GOP that the Cell would undertake evaluation on terms and conditions satisfactory to IDA. It is expected that the Cell, would contract with WAPDA-s ACOP by December 31, 1982 to undertake the project evaluation work.

Implementation Schedule

5.16 Project implementation is scheduled for three years, FY83-85 (see Implementation Schedule, Annex 4). Construct:ion of rehabilitated civil works - 32 -

would be distributed in a three-year time slice with a 10 percent annual increase in work accomplishment envisioned. This workload is well within the existing capacities of PIDs, which would be supplemented by equipment to be provided under the project. Funding in the NDB for O&M of canals, drainage and flood protection facilities would be increased to meet the FY85 targeted funding envisioned for O&M, or levels appropriately modified in agreement with IDA as reflected in the annual O&M Program of Work to be prepared by PIDs (para 5.10-5.12). Procurement of equipment would be accomplished mainly during the first two years of the project. Spares would be procured in a minimum of three approximately equal annual lots to assure the timely acquisition of required spares. Expatriate consultants would be appointed by GOP within the first three months following project effectiveness and appointment of supervisory consultants would be a condition of effectiveness (para 5.09).

VI. PRODUCTION, MARKETING AND PRICES, FARM INCOME AND COST RECOVERY

Agricultural Impact

6.01 The project would increase agricultural production by reducing the risk of failure and improving the reliability and distribution of water supplies of the irrigation systems through the rehabilitation of selected irrigation and surface drainage subsystems commanding about 9.4 M ac in all four Provinces. To assure sustained and continued project benefits from a safe, efficient, and effective system's operation, the project would provide technical assistance to strengthen PIDs institutional capacity and their ability to implement an accelerated O&M program.

6.02 Due to inadequate maintenance of canals and drains, farmers now face an irregular and unreliable supply of irrigation water and inundation of crops (para 2.19). Based on review of PID's records of the 45 canals during the period July 1973 through December 1977, it was determined that on average, about 7% of the cca suffered annual interruptions of canal water supplies due to canal breaks and closures for emergency repairs. However, PID officials indicated that probably no more than 40% of the breaches were reported by field staff because of a desire to keep reported breaches to a minimum for public relations and professional considerations. This under-reporting was verified by field visits of the appraisal mission. Consequently, it is estimated that about 12% of the cca on an average annual basis is adversely affected by breaches and canal closures. These interruptions occur throughout the year but they are more frequent during the kharif season.

6.03 It is expected that "without the project" the system-s deteriorating condition would continue with the acreage adversely affected by branches increasing from 12 to 15% of the total cca by FY88. To a lesser extent, the unreliable and inequitable distribution of water supplies would continue to have an unfavorable production impact on a larger portion of the cca. Although there is no firm data showing the production impact of the system-s deterior- - 33 - ation, available information1/ suggests that without the proposed project improvements,it is reasonable to expect a moderate decrease of about 2 to 5% in both yields and cropping intensitiesrelatLve to present levels. In Baluchistan,the yields would decrease up to !0%. It is expected that "with the project" the cca adversely affected by breaches would be reduced to about 2% annually. Available informationsuggests -hat a large portion of the cca would also benefit from moderate production increasesdue to the system's improved reliabilityand distributionof water supplies. Experience in other irrigation projects in Pakistan indicates that the project's proposed improvements should induce some increased input utilizationand lead to improvedwater distribution,especially to watercourseslocaLed at the tail end of minors and distributaries. Even though no increase in total water supply is envisioned because of the project activities in the Indu3 System (Punjab,NWFP, and Sind Province), the combined effect of these improvementswould result in modest increases of about 2 to 5% for both yields and cropping intensities. However, in Baluchistan,it is expected that rehabilitationof small irrigation schemes would result in an increase in water supply, which would increase the current yields by about 30% and annual cropping intensitiesfrom the current 25% to about 40%.

6.04 The estimated present and projected future production levels of the main crops at full development(1988) are summarizedin Table 6.1. Tables 6 and 7 in Annex 5 provide additional details on yields, cropping intensities, input requirements,and selected financial crop budgets.

Table 6.1: Estimated IncrementalProduction (M mt)

Punjab Sind NWFP Baluchistan Total

Cotton Present .40 .30 - - .70 Future without .38 .29 - - .67 Future with .44 .33 - - .77

Sugarcane Present 6.20 1.25 1.20 - 8.65 Future without 6.00 1.20 1.15 - 8.35 Future with 6.43 1.29 1.34 - 9.06

Rice Present 0.14 - - - 0.14 Future without 0.14 - - - 0.14 Future with 0.19 - - - 0.19

Wheat Present 1.58 0.44 0.07 0.005 2.095 Future without 1.53 0.43 0.06 0.005 2.025 Future with 1.72 0.49 0.07 0.012 2.292

1/ RAP-s expanded agricultural economics survey of 2,000 farmers in 400 watercourses (para 2.17). - 34 -

Marketing and Pricing

6.05 Pakistan-s marketing arrangements vary by commodity, and to a lesser extent by Province. Current marketing and milling facilities are considered adequate to handle the project's expected incremental inputs and outputs. GOP has an ongoing program to expand storage capacity, especially for foodgrains.

6.06 Currently about 60% of Pakistan's wheat production is for on-farm consumption. The remaining production is marketed about equally in the public and private sectors. In the public system, the Provincial Food Directorates and Pakistan's Agricultural Storage and Services Corporation buys grain at fixed prices from producers and private traders. Although grain prices fluctuate seasonally and regionally within the private system, this variation is narrowed because of GOP's pricing policies. GOP aims to reach wheat self- sufficiency in the mid-1980s and to be a net exporter of wheat by the end of this decade. Approximately 50% of Pakistan-s paddy production is consumed on-farm, whereas about 85% of the marketable surplus, mainly Basmati quality, is exported through the State-owned Rice Export Corporation of Pakistan. Producers sell most of their paddy to husking mills, which are primarily privately operated. Cotton and sugarcane are sold, either directly or through an intermediary, to ginneries and mills. Ginned cotton is partly consumed domestically with the rest exported by the Pakistan Export Corporation. In areas where there is no sugar mill, sugarcane is often processed by the farmer into gur. Other project outputs would be absorbed through farm family consumption and local and domestic urban markets. With anticipated increases in real income of about 3% p.a., project induced production, not exported, should be absorbed readily by the domestic market.

6.07 Most agricultural prices in Pakistan are influenced by GOP's inter- vention through import/export controls, taxes, consumer/producer subsidies, and fixed procurement prices. To encourage use of agricultural inputs, and to compensate for procurement prices, which are lower than international prices, GOP has provided heavy subsidies on fertilizer and other agricultural inputs. However, in the spring of 1980, GOP announced a reorientation of its agricultural price policies. These policies are aimed to reduce input subsidies, to provide adequate incentives to producers through periodic and appropriate output price adjustments, and to transfer responsibility from the public to the private sector for appropriate marketing operations. Measures taken during FY81 include: (a) 50% increases in retail prices of fertilizer; (b) 25% increase in margins allowed to fertlizer dealers other than cooperatives, and a nearly 50% increase for cooperatives; (c) privatization of the import and distribution of pesticides, and the elimination of the pesticides subsidy in Punjab and Sind and in the other two Provinces over the next three years; (d) increases in crop support prices during FY81 ranging from 9% to 29%. Further, GOP has increased support prices of cotton and rice for FY82 and the Agricultural Price Commission is currently reviewing the price of fertilizer and prices of other major agricultural commodities with the view of recommending adequate price readjustments for FY82. At the same time, GOP continues to emphasize its current policy of ensuring adequate and timely support of key agricultural inputs and services. - 35 -

Water Charges

6.08 A fundamentalobjective of the proposed project is to ensure the safe, efficient,and effective operation of the irrigationsystem on a sustained and continuous basis through the rehabiLitationof selected schemes and providing an adequate and properly funded O&M program. Historicallyall improvementsto the system, and recently a portion of O&M costs, have been financed by GOP. Even so, inadequacyof funds for O&M has caused a serious deteriorationover the entire system.

6.09 A major reason for the inadequacyof O&M funds is the low level of water charges, which since the mid-seventieshave supplied revenues totaling about 70% of O&M expenditures,even though these expenditureshave been quite inadequate (paras 2.21-2.24). Water charges in Pakistan are imposed on acreage basis and vary with the crops grown each season. Currently water charges represent only about 6% of the net per acre income of crops. Though rates vary substantiallyamong crops, this variation has little relationshipwith the consumptive crop water requirement. Hence currentwater rates have little effect on the mix of crops grown by farmers.

6.10 Under current water conditionsthere is little or no flexibility in adjusting irrigationwater supplies to meet crop water requirements. Water supplied through the system fluctuate in response to variations in river flows and are subject to extreme curtailmentor cut-Dff of service when canals break due to poor maintenance or need to be closed for emergency or annual repairs (paras 2.15 and 2.16). Therefore, farmers' efforts to maximize returns from their land and labor are stymied by constraintsof water availabilityand severe inefficienciesin the water distributionsystem. In such circumstances water rates have serious limitationsas instrunentsfor optimizingwater utilization. However, this project should significantlyreduce some of the inefficienciesin individual subsystems/schemesto be rehabilitatedand to some extent over the entire irrigation system through improvementsin the annual O&M program. Since there is evidence of considerablewater being wasted during deliveries to farms and fields 1/, it appears that significant increases in water rates would result in improvedwater utilization by individual farmers and at the same time provide required funds to adequately finance an appropriatelevel of O&M expenditures. Pakistan Economic Development Institute in its recent study, "Structure of Water Charges in Pakistan" 2/ has attempted to determine an adequate level of water charges. After assessing the value of water and farmers ability to pay, it concluded that water rates should represent 12 to 15% of net per acre income which would imply an increase over current rates of 100 to 150% in real terms.

6.11 In recent years, GOP and IDA have held continuous dialogue on the subject of water charges; including current discussionrelating to the

1/ Improvementswithin individualwatercourses envisioned in the recently approved Pakistan On-Farm Water Management Project (Cr. 1163-PAK).

2/ Study funded by the SCARP VI Project (Cr. 754-PAK). - 36 - proposed Structural Adjustment Loan (SAL). Also, this issue has been discussed between GOP and IMF as part of the Extended Fund Facility (EFF) agreement. During these discussions, GOP manifested its intention to introduce a phased increase in water charges in order to cover the full O&M costs of the irrigation facilities. However to achieve an adequate level of O&M funding for canals, surface drains, and flood protection works, while at the same time not causing undue disruptions in other priority activities funded in the NDB, it would be imperative for GOP and GO Provinces not only to increase water charges but also to initiate a TW divesting program for transferring public operation of TW in the FGW zones to the private sector (para 2.23). Since the mid-1970s, an increasing proportions of O&M funding has been directed to public TWs O&M (see Table 2.5), even though the TWs are operated only at about 35% of installed capacity. The accelerated increases in public TW O&M costs would be exacerbated in the future because of envisioned increases in energy costs and additions of new units to the system. Under a certain set of assumptions, Annex 5, Table 9 shows the estimated Provin- cial O&M funds that would be required to operate and maintain about 10,275 currently operating TWs as well as about 900 new TWs in the FGW zones scheduled to be transferred from WAPDA to PIDs in FY83 and the 340 TWs that WAPDA officials estimate would be added annually in the SGW zones beginning in FY83. Consistent with RAP recommendations, and IDA discussions with GOP as part of SAL, it was assumed in this program that TWs operation would be increased from the current 35 to 60% of installed capacity. Under such a scenario, the total requirement for TW O&M costs during FY85 would be Rs 1,026.0 M or an increase of about 150% over FY81. Such increase would be extremely difficult for GOP Provinces, especially Punjab and Sind to finance.

6.12 Consistent with RAP's recommendations and recent discussions of GOP with IDA and IMF, GOP has initiated a study for a SCARP Transition Program 1/ with the view to recommending an accelerated plan of action for TW divesting in the FGW zones. Therefore in the O&M projections prepared as part of this project, it is estimated that GOP and GO Provinces would start a TW divesting program during FY84. Thus, public TWs O&M financial requirements would increase through FY85 to about Rs 800 M (in constant 1981 currency values) and would decrease significantly thereafter and level out about Rs 400 M during FY90-92. However, if the divesting program for TWs in the FGW zones is not initiated, the estimated annual TW O&M cost in real terms by FY92 would increase by about Rs 800 M to about Rs 1,200 M. The flow of funds required for O&M of irrigation works based upon the above assumptions are detailed in Annex 5, Table 9 and summarized in Table 6.2 for the project period.

1/ Study is financed under the UNDP Umbrella Project, "Investment Project Preparation in the Water, Agriculture, and Energy Sectors" (PAK/81/004) with the Bank as Executing Agency. - 37 -

Table 6.2: Total O&M Cost & Water Charges During Project Life

Recurrent O&M Costs Water Charges as % of Water Canals Tubewells Total Charges Canal O&M Total O&M ------Rs M /a ------

1981-82 /b 740.0 556.0 1,260.0 695 99 55 1982-83 794.0 645.0 1,439.0 763 96 53 1983-84 882.0 721.0/c 1,603.0 847 96 53 1984-85 972.0 796.0 1,768.0 950 98 54

/a In June 1981 currency values. /b Expected O&M expenditures and recoveries from water charges during year prior to project commencement. /c Divesting program for TWs in FGW initiated at rate of 12% annually.

6.13 Based on the O&M estimates in Table 6.2 and assuming: (a) water charges were to be increased at a minimum rate of 25% per year (10 to 15% in real terms) 1/; and, (b) GOP and GO Provinces start a TW divesting program of at least 12% per year by FY84, such water charges would represent a constant portion of the funding for the accelerated O&M expenditures during the life of the project. Assuming continued divesl:ing of TWs at 12% annually and based upon the estimated target levels of O&M ifunding in Annex 5, Table 9, it would be possible for GO Provinces to reduce substantially the increases in water charges after FY85 and still achieve a positive cash flow by FY92 of such revenues in meeting estimated O&M funding requirements. Such a financial program would enable full O&M recovery through water charges and/or other appropriate financial arrangement, such as drainage assessments, in line with existing covenants in other IDA financed projects) (i.e SCARP-Khairpur, SCARP-VI, and SCARP Mardan). Assurances have been obtained from GOP and GO Provinces that: (i) SCARP Transition Project preparation study as initiated by GOP would be completed enabling discussions with IDA by July 1, 1983 on the study's findings and recommendations, and program to implement recommendations; and (ii) water charges would be periodically increased in real terms at levels sufficient to cover an increasing portions at an agreed stepped-up O&M program of the irrigation system so as to achieve a full O&M recovery through water charges and/or other me:hod of appropriate financial arrangements in line with existing covenants in IDA financed projects (SCARP- Khairpur (Cr. 648-PAK) Sind, SCARP VI (Cr. 754--PAK) Punjab, and SCARP-Mardan (Cr. 877-PAK) NWFP, and by 1992 for Baluchistan.

VII. BENEFITS AND JUST:[FICATION

7.01 The project aims to increase agricul:ural production and farm incomes on existing irrigation subsystems and small irrigation schemes which

1/ Water rates have been increased 25% annuaLly in Pakistan in three out of the last four years. - 38 -

have deteriorateddue to inadequatemaintenance and repair. The emphasis on rehabilitationis appropriatein light of Pakistan's financialproblems since benefits from the project would be expected to flow from the first year following commencementof investments. About 900,000 to 1,000,000 farm families would have their income supplementedbecause the project would provide: (a) a greater assurance of irrigationwater for crop production by reducing the risk of canal failure and (b) reduced rain flooding damage to crops through improved surface drainage. Also the project would provide a more equitable irrigationwater supply to all farmerswithin a system/subsystemby increasingdeliveries to watercourse located in the tail reaches of minors and distributories. This would be achieved by empha- sizing silt removal activities in these reaches. The project should help to reduce regional imbalances since project beneficiariesare widely spread throughout the country. The main benefits arising from the project are summarized below:

Benefitingfarm families 700,000 to 800,000 Benefiting command area 9.5 M ac Increase in per capita income 5 to 20% Increase in farm employment 15 M mandays/year

Employment and DistributiveEffects

7.02 Overall direct employment effect would largely arise from increase in input utilizationon land already cropped. At full development,employment would increase from about 195 M mandays currentlyto 210 M mandays per year, which is equivalent to approximately62,000 additional full time jobs. Constructionof the civil works would create a total of about 8 M mandays of employmentduring the course of the project implementation,primarily for unskilled labor. The value added in agricultureplus the increase in input requirementsshould also generate indirect employment opportunities for farm families with excess family labor and for landless families.

7.03 By removing sediment from minors and distributaries,the project would bring about a more equitable distributionof irrigationwater which would tend to decrease income disparitieswithin a subsystem/system.How- ever, since all direct benefits of project works would come from increased farm productivity,the distributionof benefits would largely follow the existing pattern of land ownership and to some extent location of farmers in the irrigationdistribution system. Thus, two-thirdsof intended bene- ficiaries would be small farmers operatingless than 12.5 ac and with estimatedper capita income below Pakistan's average per capita income of US$300. In addition, improved distributionof water supplies provided by project activities should generate relativelyhigher production benefits for farmers on tail-endwatercourses along minors and distributaries. Normally, such farmers tend to have lower than average incomes than do other farmerswith comparableholdings and operations.

Direct Foreign Exchange Effect

7.04 Based on projected 1990 internationalprices, expressedin January 1981 currency units, the annual gross foreign exchange value of incremental production of tradables is estimatedat about US$266 M in PV terms. Most of - 39 - this would be derived from the production of cotton,wheat and rice. After adjusting for foreign exchange costs of traded recurrent inputs of about US$36 M (PV) the project identifiabledirect foreign exchange impact would total about US$230 M (PV).

EnvironmentalImpact

7.05 The project is expected to have a beneficial environmentalimpact through decreases of flooding from canal and clogging drains and reduction in breeding areas for mosquitos.

Assumptionsof the Economic Analysis

7.06 To assess the benefits of the rehabi:Litationworks to be carried out by the PID-s, the project area has been divided into five sub-areas using representativesubsystem/schemes. They are based on Pakistan's varied agro-climaticconditions and type of rehabilitationwork proposed to be undetaken on a specific subsystem or small scheme. The agriculturalassumption used for the economic analysis are presented in Tables 6 and 7, Annex 5. Proposed rehabilitationwork were analyzed on i:hreedifferent levels: subsystem, Province, and project (see Table 7.1, and Annex 5, Table 10).

7.07 The economic analysis is based on the followingassumptions:

(a) Project life and phasing. The life of rehabilitationworks would be 20 years, although the proposed level of O&M activitieswould ensure a longerworking life. As each individualsystem, subsystemwould be implementedin three years build-up of benefits were estimatedat 40%, 70%, 90%, 100% in the first to fourth year fol:Lowingcommencement of rehabilitationworks. Project full developmentwould be attained by 1988.

(b) Prices. For internationally-tradedgoods, prices were derived from the Bank's projected world market prices expressed in June 1981 currency values. Appropriate adjustments were made for freight, handling, processingand quality differences. Local costs and locally valued benefits were expressed in border rupees, through application oi appropriate conversion factors, the principal ones being the Standard Conversion Factor of 0.9 and a ConstructionConversion Factor of 0.85. Given the regional differencesin Pakistan-s labor market and the limited availabilityof information,the analysis used on overall weighted average water rate for rural unskilled labor. To account for market seasonalityof labor demand the market wage rate for unskilled rural labor was adjusted by a conversion factor of 0.8 during slack period; during peak employment period economic wage rate was assumed to be equal to the financialwage rate. Year - specific prices have been used for inputs and outputs over 1982-1990, after which 1990 prices were assumed to remain unchanged. Prices used in the analyses are shown in Annex 5, Table 8. - 40 -

(c) Benefits. Incremental crop benefits are based on the assump- tion presented in paras 6.01-6.04. Yields and cropping intensities "without the project" are assumed to decrease by about 2 to 5% over a four year period; "with the project", these agricultural parameters are expected to increase in the range of 2 to 5% over a similar build-up period. In the case of Baluchistan Province, the increased water supplies provided by the project would lead to a significant increase in yields and cropping intensities (about 30 and 60%, respectively).

(d) Economic Project Costs. Rehabilitation costs per subsystem/ scheme are based on preliminary PID estimates for possible schemes to be rehabilitated under the project, and incremental O&M costs on PID-s and mission estimates accounting mainly for greater emphasis on desilting operations and special repairs of canals, drains and bunds. A construction and O&M conversion factor of 0.85 and a capital goods conversion factors of 0.70 was applied to reflect the assumed weighted average share of unskilled labor, and tradable and non-tradable items.

(e) Farm Production Costs. Production costs includes all incremental input requirements (see Table 7, Annex 5). Total farm labor, including family labor, was assessed according to the economic wages discussed in (b) above. Adjustments were made in the crop production costs streams to reflect realistically the staggered occurrence of costs and accrual of benefits relating to farm activities.

7.08 Based on the assumptions summarized in para 7.07, and on the analysis of specific subsystems/schemes, the provincial economic rates of return (ERR) range from 22 to 65%, with an overall project average exceeding 50% and a net present value of about Rs 4,400 M. Annex 5, Table 10 presents a summary of the projects economic results according to subsystem, Province, and project. As would be expected for rehabilitation projects, especially those that involve deferred maintenance activities, the high ERR's show that rehabilitation works are justified in all areas proposed to be benefitted by the project. The variations in ERR are mainly due to variations in agro- climatic zones and availability of irrigation water. In general, ERR-s tend to be higher for areas where the system is in the greatest degree of deterioration and where water supplies are most unreliable and unevenly distributed (Punjab and Sind Provinces). In addition, higher returns are also observed for areas with higher value crops grown during the kharif season (for example, cotton in Sind Province).

Project Risk and Sensitivity Test

7.10 The overall scope and phasing of the project is in line with expected GOP½s and GO Provinces allocations for the project. However as experienced in other projects in Pakistan, financial constraints are possible in one or all four Provinces, which would necessitate adjustments in the - 41 -

proposed targets during project implementation. Since the project is highly divisible (para 3.01), this situation could be readily accommodated through (a) reduction in the number of subsystems/schemes to be rehabilitated under the project or (b) extension of the project implementation period. If these changes were to occur, they should affect costs and benefits in similar proportions, leading to a corresponding reduction in the project-s net present value (NPV), with minimum changes in the overaLl ERR.

7.11 As in the case of similar rehabilita:ion projects elsewhere, investment costs are small relative to the total flow of incremental benefits and recurrent costs over the project life. Therefore, the economic viability of the proposed rehabilitation works is less sensitive to changes in the cost of rehabilitation works than to changes in the assumptions concerning the project's benefits. Switching values (benefits;and costs) for a set of adverse conditions on the principal benefit var-iablesare illustrated in Table 7.1. The most critical variable is the size oi' the benefitted area. Even so, if the base case benefitted area is cut in hall', the project's ERR would be 34%. Assuming a simultaneous and significant decrease in both area benefitted and "with the project" yields, the project-s ERR still would be about 26%. These sensitivity tests show that the ERR's for each subsystem/scheme under a set of adverse assumptions ensure that the project would remain viable in all areas proposed to be rehabilitated under the project. There is some risk of selecting certain sub-optimal subsystems/schemes meeting the agreed criteria because of the variability in conditions of individual subsystem/schemes. These variables would affect (a) effectiveness of the O&M program in keeping the risk of canal failure to a minimum while inproving the irrigation water delivery, and (b) optimum timing of rehabilitat:ionfor any particular scheme. Nevertheless, if the accelerated O&M program proves successful in improving effective irrigation water supplies, the projected benefits would be greater than assumed. Moreover, the cost ceiling criteria (paras 3.08 and 3.09) for rehabilitating subsystems/scheme provide a safety factor to ensure that all subsystems/schemes included under the project remain economically viable. - 42 -

Table 7.1: Sensitivity Test - ERR (%) and Switching Values /a (% Changed)

Total Punjab Sind NWFP Baluchistan Project

1. Basic Case (ERR) 65 59 25 22 58 Cost (+) 380 397 90 92 353 Benefit (-) 79 80 48 48 78

2. Delays in Benefits (ERR) /b 42 40 16 20 39 Costs (+) 270 288 31 72 250 Benefit (-) 73 74 24 42 71

3. Lower Yields (ERR) /c 39 36 13 17 35 Costs (+) 198 206 5 40 180 Benefit (-) 66 67 5 29 64

4. Area Benefitted (ERR) /d 37 33 22 20 34 Costs (+) 140 148 71 72 135 Benefit (-) 58 60 42 42 57

5. Lower Yields and Area Benefitted (ERR) /e 29 25 17 15 26 Costs (+) 84 87 33 26 79 Benefit (-) 46 47 25 21 44

/a Switching value is the percentage change in the specific stream (of benefit or cost) that reduces NPV to zero at a rate equal to the opportunity cost of capital (12% is assumed for Pakistan).

/b Benefits are assumed to be delayed by three years except for Baluchistan where a two-year delay was assumed.

/c "With the Project" yields were asssumed to remain constant relative to present levels except for Baluchistan, where only a 10% increase was assumed.

/d In Punjab and Sind, the area benefitted was assumed to be one-half the base case, whereas in NWFP and Baluchistan the area benefitted was reduced by 10%.

/e Assumed to decrease in same percentages as /c and /d above. - 43 -

VIII. AGREEMENTS REACHED

8.01 Assurances would be sought from GOP and/or GO Provinces that:

(a) designs for rehabilitation of schemes would be in line with PIDs' specifications and that the integrity of the minimum designed freeboard in rehabilitated channels would be maintained (para 3.04);

(b) selection of schemes would follow criteria satisfactory to IDA (paras 3.08 and 3.09) and that schemes selected for each year's rehabilitation program would be submitted to IDA for review and approval (para 3.09);

(c) a report on the findings and recommendations of the first year's operation of the tendering program for private civil works contracting requiring use of equipment would be prepared by September 1, 1983 for the review and comment of IDA (para 4.05);

(d) accounts, together with disbursenent documents, would be audited annually and prepared by an independent auditor satisfactory to IDA and that copies of an unaudited account would be sent to IDA for review not later than six months after the end of each fiscal year, followed by certified copies of the audited accounts and auditor's report within 9 months of the end of each fiscal year (para 4.08);

(e) suitably qualified local supervisory consultants, WAPDA's ACOP organization to evaluate the project, and local and expatriate experts would be empl3yed on terms, conditions, and schedule satisfactory to IDA and in accordance with principles and procedures described in the "Guidelines for the Use of Consultants by World 3ank Borrowers and by World Bank as Executing Agency," published by the Bank in August 1981. ACOP and expatriate experts would be appointed by December 31, 1982 (paras 5.09 and 5.15);

(f) all necessary effort would be made to secure legislative approval for inclusion in each Province's NDB the required level of funding in real terms, to meet estimated FY85 targets for PIDs' O&M activities, or as appropriately modiifed in agreement with IDA by the annual O&M Program of Work (para 5.12);

(g) project preparation for the GOP initiated SCARP Transition project would be completed enabl:ing discussions within IDA by July 1, 1983 on the study's :.indings and recommendations, and program to implement recommendations (para 6.13); and - 44 -

(h) water charges and/or other appropriate financing arrangement would be periodically increased at levels sufficient to cover increasing proportions of an agreed stepped-up O&Mprogram of the irrigation system so as to achieve a full recovery of O&M costs in line with existing covenants in IDA-financed projects SCARP-Khairpur (Cr. 648-PAK) Sind, SCARP VI (Cr. 754-PAK) Punjab, SCARP-Mardan (Cr. 877-PAK) NWFP, and by 1992 for Baluchistan Province (para 6.13).

8.02 Conditions for credit effectiveness would be: (a) approval of the PC-ls by ECNEC (para 4.02); (b) meeting all conditions precedent to effectiveness of USAID funding (para 4.02); and (c) appointment of supervisory consultants (para 5.09).

8.03 With the above assurances and conditions the project would be suitable for an IDA credit of SDR-s 35.5 (US$40 M) on standard terms. The borrower would be the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. PAKISTMN ANNEX1 Table 1 IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS REHABILITATION PROJECT

PROJECTCOST

(Rs M)

YEAR 1983 1984 1985 1986 TOTALS

TOTALPROJECT

CIVILHORKS ______LOCAL 164.7 181.2 203.2 0.0 549.0 FOREIGN 32.1 35.3 39.5 0.0 106.9

SUBTOTAL 196.7 216.5 242.7 0.0 655.9

'EOUIPMENT

LOCAL 71.0 70.9 9.9 0.0 151.8 FOREIGN 77.3 77.2 10.8 0.0 165.3

SUBTOTAL 148.3 148.1 20.8 0.0 317.1

TAI EVALUATION ______LOCAL 3.8 5.6 4.6 1.4 15.4 FOREIGN 6.4 6.4 4.2 0.2 17.2

SUBTOTAL 10.2 12.0 8.8 1.6 32.6

TRAINING

LOCAL 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.0 1.3 FOREIGN 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.0 2.3

SUBTOTAL 1.4 1.3 0.9 0.0 3.6

SUPERVISIONI ADHIN.

LOCAL 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.8 FOREIGN 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1

SUBTOTAL 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.9

BASECOST

LOCAL 240.1 258.4 218.3 1.5 718.3 FOREIGN 116.7 119.7 55.2 0.2 291.8

SUBTOTAL 356.8 378.1 273.6 1.7 1010.1

PHYSICALCONT.

LOCAL 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.1 1.9 FOREIGN 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.0 2.0

SUBTOTAL 1.2 1.4 1.0 0.2 3.7

PRICECONT. ______LOCAL 46.2 82.1 96.7 0.9 225.9 FOREIGN 15.4 26.3 17.3 0-1 59.1

SUBTOTAL 61.6 108.4 114.0 1.0 285.0

TOTALCOST iLOCAL 286.7 341.1 315.6 2.6 946.0 FOREIGN 132.9 146.7 73.0 0.3 352.9

TOTAL 419.6 487.8 388.5 2.9 1298.8 ANNEX1 PAKISTAN Table 2

IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS REHABILITATION PROJECT

PROJECTCOST

(RS M)

YEAR 1983 1984 1985 1986 TOTALS

!PUNJAB

ECIVILWORKS

'LOCAL 86.7 95.4 106.9 0.0 289.0 FOREIGN 18.4 20.2 22.7 0.0 61.3

.SUBTOTAL 105.1 115.6 129.6 0.0 350.3

EGUIPHENT

LOCAL 34.6 34.6 5.0 0.0 74.2 FOREIGN 38.0 38.0 5.5 0.0 81.4 iSUBTOTAL 72.6 72.6 10.5 0.0 155.6

TAI EVALUATION

LOCAL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 FOREIGN 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

SUBTOTAL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

TRAINING

LOCAL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7FOREIGN 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

SUBTOTAL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tSUPERVISIONI ADMIN.

.LOCAL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 FOREIGN 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

SUBTOTAL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

BASECOST

LOCAL 121.3 130.0 111.9 0.0 363.2 'FOREIGN 56.4 58.2 28.2 0.0 142.7

'SUBTOTAL 177.7 188.2 140,1 0.0 506.0

PHYSICALCONT.

LOCAL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 FOREIGN 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

SUBTOTAL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

PRICECONT.

LOCAL 23.3 41.2 49.4 0.0 114.0 'FOREIGN 7.4 12.7 8.7 0.0 28.8

SUBTOTAL 30.7 53.9 58.2 0.0 142.8

TOTALCOST

LOCAL 144.7 171.2 161.3 0.0 477.2 FOREIGN 63.8 70.9 36.9 0.0 171.6 46 TOTAL 208.4 242.1 198.2 0.0 648.8 PAKISTAN ANNEX1 Table 3 IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS REHABILITATION PROJECT

PROJECTCOST

(Rs M)

YEAR 1983 1984 1985 1986 lOTALS

SIND

CIVILWORKS

LOCAL 57.1 62.9 70.5 0.0 190.5 FOREIGN 10.3 11.4 12.7 0.0 34.4

SUBTOTAL 67.5 74.3 83.3 0.0 225.0

EQUIPNENT

LOCAL 18.5 18.5 2.6 0.0 39.5 FOREIGN 19.9 19.9 2.8 0.0 42.5

SUBTOTAL 38.3 38.3 5.4 0.0 82.0

TAI EVALUATION

LOCAL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ,FOREIGN 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

',SUBTOTAL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

TRAINING

LOCAL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 FOREIGN 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

SUBTOTAL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

SUPERVISIONI ADMIN. LOCAL 0 0.0---- 0.0- 0.0 FLOCRL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 '.FOREIGN 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

SUBTOTAL 0,0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

BASECOST

,LOCAL 75.6 81.3 73.1 0.0 230.0 ;FOREIGN 30.2 31.2 15.5 0.0 76.9

SUBTOTAL 105.8 112.6 88.6 0.0 307.0

'PHYSICALCONT.

LOCAL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0,0 0.0 iFOREIGN 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

SUBTOTAL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

PRICECONT.

,LOCAL 14.5 25.8 32.3 0.0 72.6 ,FOREIGN 4.0 6.8 4.B 0.0 15.6

SUBTOTAL 18.5 32.6 37.1 0.0 88.2

'TOTALCOST

LOCAL 90.1 107.1 105.4 0.0 302.6 FOREIGN 34.2 36.1 20.3 0.0 92.5

TOTAL 124.3 145.2 125.7 0.0 395.2 47 PAKISTAN ANNEX 1 Table 4 IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS REHABILITATION PROJECT

PROJECTCOST

(Rs M)

YEAR 1983 1984 1985 1986 TOTALS

NWFP

CIVILWORKS ______LOCAL 12.1 13.3 15.0 0.0 40.4 FOREIGN 2.0 2.2 2.5 0.0 6.7

SUBTOTAL 14.2 15.5 17.5 0.0 47.1

EQUIPHENT

LOCAL 9.1 9.1 1.3 0.0 19-5 FOREIGN 9.8 9.8 1.4 0.0 20.9

SUBTOTAL 18.9 18.9 2.7 0.0 40.4

TA3 EVALUATION

LOCAL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 FOREIGN 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

SUBTOTAL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

TRAINING

LOCAL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 FOREIGN 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

SUBTOTAL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

SUPERVISIONADMIN.

LOCAL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 FOREIGN 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

SUBTOTAL 0-0 0.0 0,0 0.0 0.0

BASECOST

LOCAL 21.2 22.4 16.3 0.0 59.9 FOREIGN 11.8 12.0 3.9 0.0 27.7

SUBTOTAL 33.0 34.4 20.1 0.0 87.6

'PHYSICALCONT. LOCA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 FOCAL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 iFOREIGM 0-0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ! ~~~~~~------______- - SUBTOTAL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ! ,PRICECONT. -- -- ____-- LOCAL 4.1 7.1 7.2 0.0 18.4 FOREIGN 1.5 2.6 1.2 0.0 5.4

SUBTOTAL 5.6 9.7 8.4 0.0 23.7

TOTALCOST

'LOCAL 25.3 29.5 23.4 0.0 79.2 ,FOREIGN 13.3 14.6 5.1 0.0 33.0 iTOTAL 38.6 44.1 28.5 0.0 111.3 48 PAKISTAN ANNEX 1 Table 5 IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS REHABILITATION PROJECT

PROJECTCOST

(Rs M)

YEAR 1983 1984 1985 198.i TOTALS

BALUCHISTAN

CIVIL WORKS

LOCAL 8.7 9.6 10.8 0.3 29.1 FOREIGN 1.3 1.5 1.6 O.D 4.4

SUBTOTAL 10.0 11.1 12.4 O.D 33.5

EQUIPMENT

LOCAL 8.7 8.7 1.1 0.0 18.5 FOREIGN 9.5 9.5 1.2 0.0 20.3

SUBTOTAL 18.3 18.3 2.3 0.0 38.8

TA I EVALUATION

LOCAL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 FOREIGN 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

SUBTOTAL 00 0.0 0.0 00 O0

TRAINING

LOCAL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 FOREIGN 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

SUBTOTAL 0.0 0,0 0.0 0,0 0.0

SUPERVISIONI ADMIN.

LOCAL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 FOREIGN 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0

SUBTOTAL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

BASECOST

LOCAL 17.4 .18,4 11.8 0.0 47.A FOREIGN 10.9 11.0 2.8 0,0 24.7

SUBTOTAL 28.3 29.4 14.7 0,0 72.3

PHYSICALCONT.

LOCAL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0,0 0.0 FOREIGN 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0,0

SUBTOTAL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

PRICECONT.

LOCAL 3.3 5.8 5.2 0.0 14.4 FOREIGN 1.4 2.4 0.9 0.0 4.7

SUBTOTAL 4.8 8.2 6.1 0.0 19.1

TOTALCOST

LOCAL 20.8 24.2 17.1 0.0 62.0 FOREIGN 12.3 13.4 3.7 0.0 29.4

TOTAL 33.0 37.6 20.8 0.0 91.4 49 PAKISTAN ANNEX 1 Table 6 IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS REHABILITATION PROJECT

PROJECTCOST

(Rs M)

YEAR 1983 1984 1985 1986 TOTALS

FEDERALCELL

CIVIL WORKS

LOCAL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 FOREIGN 0.0 - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

SUBTOTAL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

EQUIPMENT

LOCAL 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 FOREIGN 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1

SUBTOTAL 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2

Th I EVALUATION

LOCAL 3.8 5.6 4.6 1.4 15.4 FOREIGN 6.4 6.4 4.2 0.2 17.2

SUBTOTAL 10.2 12.0 8.8 1.6 32.6

TRAINING

LOCAL 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.0 1.3 FOREIGN 0.9 O.8 0.6 0.0 2.3

SUBTOTAL 1.4 1.3 0,9 0.0 3.6

SUPERVISIONI ADNIN.

LOCAL 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.8 FOREIGN 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1

SUBTOTAL 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.9

BASECOST

LOCAL 4.5 6.3 5.2 1.5 17.5 FOREIGN 7.5 7.2 4.9 0.2 19.8

SUBTOTAL 12.0 13.5 10.1 1.7 37.3

PHYSICALCONT.

LOCAL 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.1 1.8 FOREIGN 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.0 2.0

SUBTOTAL 1.2 1.4 1.0 0.2 3.7

PRICECONT. ______LOCAL 1.0 2.2 2.5 0.9 6.6 FOREIGN 1.1 1.7 1.7 0.1 4.6

SUBTOTAL 2.0 3.9 4.2 1.0 11.2

TOTALCOST

LOCAL 5.9 9.1 B.3 2.6 25.9 FOREIGN 9.3 9.7 7.0 0.3 26.3

TOTAL 15.2 18.8 15.3 2.9 52.2 50 PAKISTAN

IRRIGATION SYSTEMS REHABILITATION PROJECT

Summary and Schedule of Targets (Mc cft) and Cost (Rs M)/1 for Civil Works

1982/83 1983/84 1984/85 Total Target Cost Target Cost Target Cost Target Cost

I. Canals Rehab. by Labor Punjab 271.0 48.36 297.0 53.20 333.0 59.65 901.0 161.21 Sind 135.0 31.25 150.0 34.34 168.0 38.53 453.0 104.12 NWFP 10.0 7.72 10.0 8.50 11.0 9.52 31.0 25.74 Baluchistan 1.0 52.70 1.0 5.81 2.0 6.50 4.0 17.58 Sub-total 417.0 92.60 458.0 101.85 514.0 114.20 1389.0 308.65

II. Canals Rehab. by Equipment Punjab 180.0 32.24 198.0 35.47 223.0 39.76 601.0 107.47 Sind 91.0 20.82 100.0 22.90 111.0 25.69 302.0 69.41 NWFP 6.0 5.15 7.0 5.66 8.0 6.35 21.0 17.16 Baluchistan 1.0 3.52 1.0 3.87 0.0 4.33 2.0 11.72 Sub-total 278.0 61.73 306.0 67.90 342.0 76.13 926.0 205.76 III.Drains Rehab. by Equipment Punjab 93.0 24.49 103.0 26.93 115.0 30.20 311.0 81.62 Sind 38.0 15.08 40.0 16.59 46.0 18.60 124.0 50.27 NWFP 2.0 0.90 3.0 0.99 3.0 1.11 8.0 3.00 Baluchistan ------s.u_bAtot al -A-A n1 h7 1/.7 1/i n A 7 . -r1 F A-nA 0aQ0l .1. An 13/. £10 IV. Workshop & Warehouse Facilities Punjab ------Sind /2 L.S. 0.60 L.S. 0.60 L.S. - L.S. 1.2 NWFP 7 L.S. 0.60 L.S. 0.60 L.S. - L.S. 1.2 Baluchistan /4 L.S. 1.40 L.S. 1.40 L.S. 1.4 L.S. 4.2 Sub-total L.S. 2.60 L.S. 2.60 L.S. 1.4 L.S. 6.6 V. Total Punjab 544.0 105.09 598.0 115.60 671.0 129.61 1813.0 350.30 Sind 264.0 67.75 290.0 74.45 325.0 82.81 879.0 225.00 FS NWFP 18.0 14.37 20.0 15.74 22.0 16.98 60.0 47.10 a Baluchistan 2.0 10.19 2.0 11.07 2.0 12.24 6.0 33.50 m X Grand-total 828.0 197.40 910.0 216.86 1020.0 241.64 2758.0 655.90 F

/1 Unit cost based upon indicated in Annex 1, Tables 9 to 11. /2 Improvement to existing workshops and warehouses in Jamshoro and Kotri. /3 Improvement to existing workshops and warehouse in Peshawar and construction of secondary workshop in D.I. Khan. /4 Construction of main workshop and warehouse in Quetta and a secondary workshop in Sibi. ANNEX 1 Table 8 PAKISTAN

IRRIGATION SYSTEMS REHABILITATIONPROJECT

Proposed Schemes for Rehabilitation

Punjab Province

CCA or CA 1/ Length 2/ Cost 3/ (M ac) (Km) (Rs M) I. Canals:

1. Sargodha Region 0.805 1567 50.00 Lower Jhelum Canal System

2. Faisalabad Region 3.039 4738 107.83 Lower Chenab Canal System

3. Multan Region 0.639 1059 43.77 Muzaffargarh Canal System

4. Bhawalpur Region 1.111 2023 51.72 Mailsi, Pak Pattan, Bahawal, Panjnad and Abasia Canal Systems

5. Lahore Region 0.866 1754 15.36

Depalpur Canal System

Total for Canals 6.460 11144 268.68

II. Surface Drains:

1. Sargodha Region 0.470 1/ 168 21.78 Faqirian Sillanwali, Lower Budhi Nalla

2. Faisalabad Region 0.180 1/ 198 7.09 Nine Drainage Schemes

3. Lahore Region 0.915 1/ 791 52.75 Ninety Eight Schemes

Total for Drains 1.565 1157 81.62

Total Cost of Canals and Drains 350.30

1/ Catchment Area 2/ Based on canal mile of 5000 ft (1 mile = 1.524 km) 3/ Cost is based on unit rate with average of Rs 184/1000 cft for earthwork and Rs 5970/1000 cft for stonework in relation to quantities summarized in Annex 1, Table 7. 52 ANNEX 1 Table 9 PAKISTAN

IRRIGATION SYSTEMS REHABILITATION PROJECT

Proposed Schemes for Rehabilitation

Sind Province

CCA or CA 1/ Length 2/ Cost 3/ (M ac) (Km) (Rs M)

Canals:

1. Rehabilitation of 0.878 878 58.70 Rohri Canal Sub-system

2. Rehabilitation of Nara 0.757 631 60.51 Canal Sub-system

3. Rehabilitation of Ex-Khairpur 0.199 128 10.42 West Canal System

4. Rehabilitation of Ex-Khairpur 0.097 168 12.5 East Canal System

5. Warah and Shadadkot Branches, 0.547 671 31.4 Channels of Ex-Ghotki and Ex-Khirter Systems

Total (Canals) 2.478 2476 173.53

II. Surface Drains in Kotri 3.100 2173 50.27 Barrage Area

Total Cost of Canals and Drains 223.80 4/

1/ Catchment Area. 2/ Based on canal mile = 5000' (1 mile = 1.524 km). 3/ Cost is based on unit rate with average of Rs 220/1000 cft for earthwork and Rs 6000/1000 cft of stonework in relation to quantities of work summarized in Annex 1, Table 7. 4/ Cost of workshops (Rs 1.2 M) is not includedl.

53 ANNEX 1 Table 10

PAKISTAN

IRRIGATION SYSTEMS REHABILITATION PROJECT

PROPOSED SCHEMES FOR REHABILITATION

NWF PROVINCE

CCA or CA 1/ Length 2/ Cost 3/ (M ac) (Km) (Rs M)

I. Canals

1. Warsak Lift 0.0363 57.2 2.47

2. Kabul River Canal 0.0459 145.2 4.00

3. Warsak Canal System (masonry - - 1.35 work)

4. Warsak Left Bank Canal System 0.0110 28.0 1.00

5. Civil Canals in Peshawar and 0.1701 280.1 14.30 other districts

6. Restoration of Jui Sheikh Canal 0.0264 44.2 1.00

7. Upper Swat Canal System 0.0375 137.5 15.00

8. Pehur Lift Canal System 0.0100 7.0 3.78

Total for Canals 0.3372 699.2 42.90

II. Surface Drains

Peshawar Systems 0.0124 a/ 76.2 3.00

Total 45.9 4/

1/ Catchment Area 2/ Based on canal mile of 5000' (1 mile = 1.524 km). 3! Cost is based on unit rate with average of Rs 290/1000 cft for earthwork and Rs 3670/1000 cft for stonework in relation to quantities summarized in Annex 1, Table 7. 4/ Cost of workshop (Rs 1.2 M) is not included.

54 PAKISTAN ANNEX 1 Table 11 IRRIGATION SYSTEMS REHABILITATION PROJECT

Proposed Systems for Rehabilitation

Baluchistan Province

Canal CCA or CA 1/ Length 2/ Cost 3/ (M ac) (Km) (Rs M)

I. Canals

1. Loi Viala Shabrag 0.00065 3.0 1.30 2. Wan Tangi Irrigation Scheme 0.00300 0.8 1.22 3. Sazoo Irrigation Scheme 0.00090 1.5 0.81 4. Gachina Irrigation 0.00070 0.8 0.49 5. Gandari Viala 0.00001 0.4 0.16 6. Verchoom Irrigation Scheme 0.00003 0.4 0.65 7. Poonga Viala 0.00050 3.0 0.32 8. Kajoori Irrigation Scheme 0.00050 0.8 0.81 9. Pir Chatta Channel 0.00040 0.6 1.62 10. Mashkap Channel 0.00080 0.1 0.41 11. Main Canal Dhodar 0.00700 3.2 0.24 12. Surma Sang 0.00600 3.0 0.73 13. Sasool Irrigation Scheme 0.00030 4.0 0.73 14. Nag Irrigation Scheme 0.00200 3.2 0.49 15. Pidark Irrigation Scheme 0.00006 0.3 0.16 16. Barat Khel Irrigation Scheme 0.00020 2.3 1.14 17. Kesh Manda Irrigation Scheme 0.00050 10.7 0.28 18. Saliaza Irrigation Scheme 0.00300 18.3 3.27 19. Kaisar Channel Irrigation Scheme 0.00200 3.0 0.81 20. Anambar Irrigation Scheme 0.02400 7.6 2.44 21. Upper Rehman Manda 0.00200 1.1 0.81 22. Lower Rehman Manda 0.00400 1.5 0.81 23. Distribution System of 0.01250 9.1 1.62 Bund Khushdil Khan 24. Tore Morgha Irrigation Scheme 0.00010 1.5 0.81 25. Dub Irrigation Scheme 0.00090 3.0 2.44 26. Bibi Nani Irrigation Scheme 0.00367 0.2 0.81 27. Suklegi Irrigation Scheme 0.00520 1.5 3.92

Total 0.08092 84.9 29.30 4/

1/ Catchment area. 2/ Based on canal mile of 5000 ft (1 mile = 1.524 km). 31 Cost covers the earth and stonework (earthwork at Rs 220/1000 cft, stonework at Rs 5000/1000 cft., combined quantities are summarized in Annex 1, Table 7) and concrete and stonework (the quantity and unit costs are not available from the PID). 4/ Cost of workshops (Rs 4.2 M) is not included. 55 ANNEX 1 Table 12

PAKISTAN

IRRIGATION SYSTEMS REHABILITATION PROJECT

Summary of Costs for Equipment and Schedule of Expenditures (Rs M)

Total Cost Annual Expenditures Item Local Foreign Total 1983 1984 1985

Punjab Equipment and Vehicles 59.70 64.70 124.40 61.30 61.40 1.70 Spare Parts 12.60 13.60 26.20 8.80 8.70 8.70 Machine Tools 2.30 2.70 5.00 2.50 2.50 - Subtotal 74.60 81.00 155.60 72.60 72.60 10.40

Sind Equipment and Vehicles 31.40 34.10 65.50 32.20 32.40 0.90 Spare Parts 6.50 7.10 13.60 4.60 4.50 4.50 Machine Tool 1.30 1.60 2.90 1.50 1.40 - Subtotal 39.20 42.80 82.00 38.30 38.30 5.40

NWFP Equipment and Vehicles 14.50 15.70 30.20 14.60 14.80 0.80 Spare Parts 2.80 3.00 5.80 2.00 1.90 1.90 Machine Tools 2.00 2.50 4.50 2.30 2.20 - Subtotal 19.30 21.20 40.50 18.90 18.90 2.70

Baluchistan Equipment and Vehicles 14.00 15.20 29.20 14.40 14.40 0.40 Spare Parts 2.60 2.80 5.40 1.80 1.80 1.80 Machine Tools 1.90 2.30 4.20 2.10 2.10 - Subtotal 18.50 20.30 38.80 18.30 18.30 2.20

Federal Coordinating Cell Vehicle 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.15 - Office Equipt. and Furniture 0.05 0.10 0.05 0.05 - Subtotal 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.10 -

Project Equipment and Vehicles 119.60 129.80 249.50 122.70 123.00 3.80 Spare Parts 24.60 26.50 51.00 17.20 16.90 16.90 Machine Tools 7.50 9.10 16.60 8.40 8.20 - Total 151.70 165.40 317.10 148.30 148.10. 20.70

56 PAKISTAN

IRRIGATION SYSTEMS REHABILITATION PROJECT

EQUIPMENT AND SPARE PARTS (RS M) 1/

Project Item Unit Punjab Sind NWFP Baluchistan Cost Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Loc. F. E. Total

Dragline, 1.5 cub/yd Capacity 3.16 12 37.92 ------12 18.20 19.72 37.92 Dragline, 1.0 cub/yd 2.53 12 30.36 3 7.59 - - - - 15 18.22 19.73 37.95 Dragline, .75 cub/yd 2.11 - - - - 1 2.11 - - I 1.01 1.10 2.11 Scraper, 8/11 cub/yd 2.95 - - 4 11.80 - - 2 5.90 6 8 50 9.20 17.70 Bulldozer, 140 HP 2.53 - - - - 1 2.53 7 17.71 5 9.72 10.52 20.24 Bulldozer, 75 HP 1.69 - - 3 5.07 1 1.69 - - 4 3.24 3.52 6.76 Compactor, 8-10 t 1.27 4 5.08 3 3.81 1 1.29 - - 8 4.88 5.28 10.16 Compactor (towed) 0.42 ------2 0.84 2 0.40 0.44 0.84 Grader, 125 HP 1.69 - - 2 3.38 - - - - 2 1.62 1.76 3.38 Front Loader, 1.5 cub/yd 1.69 - - 2 3.38 2 3.38 - - 4 3.24 3.52 6.76 Water Trailer, 2000 gal 0.72 - - 4 2.88 2 1.44 2 1.44 8 3.11 2.65 5.76 Fuel Tanker, 2000 gal 0.72 - - 4 2.88 - - - - 4 1.56 1.32 2.88 Dumpers, 10 e 0.89 16 14.24 6 5.34 - - - - 22 9.40 10.18 19.58 Dumpers, 8 t 0.80 - - - - 4 3.20 - - 4 1.54 1.66 3.20 Low Loader, 40 t 1.90 - - - - 1 1.90 - - 1 0.91 0.99 1.90 Lubrication Truck 1.05 4 4.20 3 3.15 1 1.05 - - 8 4.02 4.37 8.40 Truck, 10 t 0.63 8 5.04 ------8 2.42 2.62 5.04 Truck, 8t 0.44 - - 6 2.64 4 1.76 - - 10 2.11 2.29 4.40 Amphibious Dragline 2.11 1 2.11 ------I 1.01 1.10 2.11 Cutter Suction Dredger, 100 HP 2.53 1 2.53 1 2.53 - - - - 2 2.43 2.63 5.06 Weed Cutting Launch, 10 HP 0.63 - - 3 1.89 - - - - 3 0.91 0.98 1.84 Ditch Cleaner, 60 HP 0.84 - - 1 0.84 2 1.68 - - 1 1.21 1.31 2.52 Pickup Jeeps 0.17 12 2.04 10 1.70 - - - - 22 1.80 1.94 3.74 Mobile Light Units, 10KW 0.08 5 0.40 - - - - 2 0.16 7 0.27 0.29 0.56 Mobile Crane (45 T) 5.27 - - - - 1 5.27 - - - 2.53 2.74 5.27 Mobile Well Drilling 1.69 - - 1 1.69 - - 1 0.81 0.88 1.69 Misc (light compactors, LS - 20.50 - 6.58 - 1.23 - 3.16 - 14.68 16.79 31.47 agitators with attachments, etc.) Subtotal Equipment 124.42 65.46 30.20 29.21 119.76 129.53 249.29 1/ > 18.66 9.82 4.53 4.38 17.95 19.44 37.39 2/ z Spares for New Equipment 7.49 3.75 1.22 1.05 6.48 7.03 13.51 M X Subtotal Spares 26.15 13.57 5.75 5.43 24.43 26.47 50.90 W Total Equipment & Spares 150.57 79.03 35.95 34.64 144.14 156.00 300.19

1/ Does not include Rs 0.20 M for one passenger car and office equipment for Federal Coordinating Cell '7/ 15% value of new equipment PAKISTAN

IRRIGATION SYSTEMS REHABILITATION PROJECT

MACHINE TOOLS (RSM)

Project Item Unit Punjab Sind NWFP Baluchistan Cojt Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Loc. F. E. Total

Floor Crane 40001b Capacity 0.84 1 0.84 - - 1 0.84 1 0.84 3 1.13 1.39 2.52 Generating Plant 50 KW 0.33 1 0.33 ------1 0.15 0.18 0.33 Air Compressor 0.63 1 0.63 - - 1 0.63 1 0.63 3 0.85 0.04 1.89 Service Unit for Light Vehicles 0.94 1 0.94 ------1 0.42 0.52 0.94 Electric Welding Unit 0.03 1 0.03 1 0.03 1 0.03 2 0.06 5 0.07 0.08 0.15 Mobile Welding Unit 0.12 1 0.12 - - 2 0.24 2 0.24 5 0.27 0.33 0.60 Spot Welding Unit 0.07 1 0.07 1 0.07 - - - - 2 0.06 0.08 0.14 Shaping Machine - 12" Stroke 0.07 1 0.07 1 0.07 1 0.07 1 0.07 4 0.13 0.15 0.28 Radial Drilling Machine 0.23 1 0.23 1 0.23 1 0.23 1 0.23 4 0.41 0.51 0.92 Milling Machine 0.04 1 0.04 1 0.04 1 0.04 1 0.04 4 0.07 0.09 0.16 Planer 10 ft 0.09 1 0.09 1 0.09 1 0.09 1 0.09 4 0.16 0.20 0.30 Lapping Machine 0.06 - - 1 0.06 1 0.06 - - 2 0.05 0.07 0.12 Honing Machine 0.11 - - 1 0.11 1 0.11 - - 2 0.10 0.12 0.27 High Pressure Cleaner 0.21 1 0.21 2 0.42 1 0.21 2 0.42 6 0.57 0.69 1.26 H1ose Assembly Machine 0.04 1 0.04 1 0.04 1 0.04 1 0.04 4 0.07 0.09 0.16 Hose Cutting Machine 0.09 1 0.09 - - 1 0.09 1 0.09 3 0.12 0.15 0.27 Dynamotor 0.42 1 0.42 ------1 0.19 0.23 0.42 Injection Calibrator 0.17 1 0.17 ------1 0.08 0.09 0.17 Injection Tester 0.02 1 0.02 1 0.02 1 0.02 2 0.04 5 0.05 0.05 0.10 Engine Tune-up Machine 0.006 2 0.01 2 0.01 2 0.01 2 0.01 8 0.02 0.02 0.04 Pillar Drill 3/4in. 0.02 1 0.02 2 0.04 1 0.02 2 0.04 6 0.05 0.07 0.12 Hacksaw Machine 0.02 1 0.02 1 0.02 1 0.02 2 0.04 5 0.05 0.05 0.10 Serv.Tools for Allison Trans. 0.07 1 0.07 1 0.07 - - 2 0.14 4 0.13 0.15 0.28 Lathe - 12 ft 0.18 - - 1 0.18 1 0.18 - - 2 0.16 0.20 0.36 Lathe 4 to 8 ft 0.11 - - 2 0.22 3 0.33 2 0.22 7 0.35 0.42 0.77 Valve Grinder 0.06 - - 1 0.06 1 0.06 1 0.06 3 0.08 0.10 0.18 Electric Test Stand 0.06 - - 1 0.06 1 0.06 2 0.12 4 0.11 0.13 0.24 Battery Charger 60 AMP 0 03 - - 2 0.06 2 0.06 2 0.06 6 0.08 0.10 0.18 Tire Remover 0.04 - - 2 0.08 1 0.04 1 0.04 4 0.09 0.09 0.16 Tire Rim Remover 0.04 - - I 0.08 1 0.04 1 0.04 4 0.07 0.09 0.16 Boring Machine 0.42 - - 1 0.42 1 0.42 - - 2 0.38 0.46 0.84 Tool Kits 0.11 1 0.11 2 0.22 1 0.11 2 0.22 6 0.30 0.36 0.66 Miscellaneous 0.46 0.27 0.40 0.38 0.61 0.90 1.51 Total Workshop Equipment (Tools) 5.03 2.97 4.45 4.16 7.41 9.20 16.61

Total Equipment, Spares and Tools 155.6 82.0 40.4 38.8 151.60 165.20 316.80 1/

1/ Does not include Rs 0.20 M for one passenger car and office equipment for Federal Coordinating Cell.

u, PAKISTAN AX 1

IRRIGATION SYSTEMS REHABILITATION PROJECT Table 15

Technical Assistance and Evaluation 2/

Summary of Costs and Scheduling Expenditures (Rs 000)

Unit Item No Cost/Annual 1983 1984 1985 1986 Total

A. Supervisory Consultants I. Salaries Overhead 1/ Project Manager l(part time) 181.7 30.3 45.4 45.4 15.2 136.3 Chief Engineer l(part time) 181.7 30.3 45.4 45.4 15.2 136.3 Project Engineer 1 155.5 116.7 155.5 155.5 38.8 466.5 Field Engineer 4 92.9 278.7 371.6 371.6 92.9 1,114.8 Junior Engineers 4 67.3 201.9 269.2 269.2 67.3 807.6 Sub-engineers 6 44.8 201.6 268.8 268.8 67.2 806.4 Accountant 1 44.8 33.6 44.8 44.8 11.2 134.4 Support Staff LS 170.2 127.7 170.2 170.2 42.5 510.6 Overhead and Fee 2/ LS - 1,071.7 1,440.8 1,440.8 369.4 4,322.7 Subtotal 2,092.5 2,811.7 2,811.7 719.7 8,435.6

II. Other Expenses Vehicle O&M 3/ 45.0 60.0 60.0 15.0 180.0 Travel Expenses 45.0 60.0 60.0 15.0 180.0 Office Rent 45.0 60.0 60.0 15.0 180.0 Office Supplies 55.0 55.0 55.0 57.0 222.0 Utilities 45.0 60.0 60.0 15.0 180.0 Subtotal -235.0 295.0 295.0 117.0 942.0

III. Equipment 4/

Passenger car LS 150.0 37.5 - - - 37.5 Jeep (4 wheel drvc) LS 600.0 150.0 - - - 150.0 Office Equipment & LS 200.0 50.0 - - - 50.0 237.5 - -27.5 Subtotal

Total 2,565.0 3,106.7 3,106.7 836.7 9,615.1

B. Expatriate Consultants I. Salaries and Benefits Equipment & Workshop Spec. 5/ 1 1,330.0 997.5 997.5 - - 1,995.0 Warehouse Spec. 5/ 1 1,330.0 997.5 997.5 - - 1,995.0 O&M Spec. 6/ 2 1,330.0 1,995.0 2,660.0 2,660.0 - 7,315.0 Subtotal 3,990.0 4,655.0 2,660.0 - 11,305.0

II. Other Expenses Travelling Allo- wance 7//8/ LS 158.0 474.0 553.0 316.0 - 1,343.0 Housing Allowance LS 144.0 432.0 504.0 288.0 - 1,224.0 Miscellaneous LS 36.0 241.0 126.0 72.0 - 439.0 Subtotal 1,147.0 1,183.0 676.0 - 3,006.0 Total 5,137.0 5,838.0 3,336.0 - 14,311.0

C. Evaluation 1/ LS - 2,500.0 3,000.0 2,400.0 800.0 8,700.0

Grand Total 10,202.0 _Ll,944.7 8,842.7 1,636.7 32,626.1

1/ Nine months in FY83 to initiate project and three months in FY86 to wrap-up project. 2/ Equivalent to 120% of salaries other than support staff. 3/ Rs 1,000 vehicle/month. 4/ Equipment would be procured by local consulting firm suppLying Supervisory Consultants --cost to project estimated at 25% of original purchase price. 5/ Eighteen months continuous appointment with location in S.nd Prov. but to work in all Provinces. 6/ Thirty-three months continuous appointment each with one :;pecialistto reside in Lahore covering Punjab and NWFP and one stationed at Hyderabad covering Sind and Baluchistan Provinces. 7/ Includes international travel and shipment of household goods to assignment 8/ Provincial Irrigation Department concerned will provide local transportation to the Consultants. 9/ To be funded through the Federal Coordinating Cell. 59 ANNEX 1 Table 16

PAKISTAN

IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS REHABILITATIONPROJECT

Training

Summary of Costs and Scheduling of Expenditures (Rs 000)

Item No Unit Cost 1983 1984 1985 Total

A. International Training

Travel 25 33.3 333 333 167 833 Training 25 11.1 111 111 56 278 Per Diem 25 50.0 500 500 250 1,250 944 944 473 2,361

B. In-country Training

Training Materials - LS 75 75 75 225 Travel Allowance - LS 275 275 275 825 1/ Audio-Visual Equipment - LS 50 10 - 60 Miscellaneous - LS 60 40 40 140 Subtotal 460 400 390 1,250 2/ Total 1,404 1,344 863 3,611 3/

1/ Assume about 900 trainees (SDO through Chief Engr.) annually @ about Rs 300 for one week training.

2/ Costs prorated to provinces (i.e. Punjab 54%, Sind 29%, NWFP 10% and Baluchistan 7%).

3/ To be funded through the Federal Coordinating Cell.

60 ANNEX 1 Table 17 PAKISTAN

IRRIGATION SYSTEMS REHABILITATION PROJECT

FEDERAL COORDINATING CELL

Supervision and Administration

Unit Position/Item NPS No Cost 1983 1984 1985 1986 1/ Total …____------…Rs 000…------

I. Salaries Project Coordinator 19 1 29.7 29.70 29.70 29.70 7.43 96.53 Accountant 17 1 12.0 12.00 12.00 12.00 3.00 39.00 Assistant Acct. 12 1 6.0 6.00 6.00 6.00 1.50 19.50 Steno/clerk 8 1 5.0 5.00 5.00 5.00 1.25 16.25 Senior clerk 6 1 4.2 4.20 4.20 4.20 1.05 13.65 Driver 4 1 4.0 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 13.00 Naid Quasid 1 2 3.3 6.60 6.60 6.60 1.65 21.45 Staff benefits 60.75 60.75 60.75 15.19 197.44 Subtotal 128.25 128.25 128.25 32.07 416.82

II. Other Expenses

Fuel and Oil 1 car 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 3.00 39.00 Repair & Maintenance 2/ 1 car 10.00 10.(0 10.00 10.00 2.50 32.50 Travel Allowance 3/ - 16.75 16.75 16.75 16.75 4.20 54.45 Office Rent 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 12.50 162.50 Office Supplies - - 10.(0 7.50 7.50 2.50 27.50 Utilities 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 6.25 81.25 Miscellaneous - 20-00 20.00 20.00 20.00 2.50 -62.50 Subtotal 143.75 141.25 141.25 33.45 459./O

Total 272.00 269.50 269.50 65.52 876.52

1/ Three months to wrap up project. 2/ 6.7% of original purchase price of passenger car. 3/ 50% of Project Coordinator's and Driver's salaries.

61 ANNEX 1 Table 18

PAKISTAN

IRRIGATION SYSTEMS REHABILITATIONPROJECT

DisbursementSchedule of IDA Credit

Quarterly Cumulative ---- US$ M------

FY 1982-83

1st Quarter 2nd

3rd " 0.5 0.5 4th " 1.0 1.5

FY 1983-84 1st Quarter 1.5 3.0 2nd " 2.0 5.0

3rd " 3.0 8.0

4th " 4.0 12.0

FY 1984-85 1st Quarter 5.0 17.0 2nd " 6.0 23.0

3rd " 6.0 29.0 4th " 5.0 34.0

FY 1985-86 1st Quarter 4.0 38.0 2nd " 2.0 40.0

62 RAKISrAN clLuI 2 IRRIGATIONSYSTEM5 REHABILSTTIOIF PROJECT Table I

Pr....urent Schedule fur tElumen! a-d St,-e

82 8 5867

12 dt. lit...-l5 c-t yde - -2-2 -t-- P112)81/ID3.1

15 dtegliaee-l.2 tub yda. ~ - --

NI y-e - - - -t -ne- -u -e ------

6 Meter S-rpr-M8/11 12- 3 - E2 tub yd. 77

8 B.pald... -140 aP

2Itteed) Compacter. ,,,,,…- 567 -13 ------

4Prottl.uadets-1.5ttb eec,,.. - ~~~~~~~~~~~-Z34- 675

C.teTant- 8-1 ga .ee.u Z A 5 7

224 S( 3et W-15 r0"

4 frr - L1d5 5 5.. .678

4 Weed CT..tl2000Saec- e,,. 23 5 6 7

llttthClaaert-6011? ... o.c 2 .141 -o-~~~~~ - tAt L - - - -

22 D bp&lerp- C50u - P(112), S(6 1)5

4 DMuptl. -iSA St- N(4)Il )3t.201T Olleltieass ulrucler ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .6.

115 '~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-3A i -1I6[7A PBeTeagk Ca t &0 lte- - ~ 3. Iqtmar(a Cl)3 t.2t - - - &(sSpr. 0.2 .u -o

et rae 0T-k. - 8t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~It qupzr ct ~ ~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ R.0.19 S(6), N(4) 4.4 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ta I,A-phibi...Dt.gli..~ ~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 3 Perue crtci pourdh 2.11~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~lt tte qtcu yPS

2 C.tt- S-tf.. 3 Dt.g-ik LS 11A II I I I I I I 1,~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~6 T.bl. 2 IRLOlATLON SYSTEMS50UOWIUTATIOSt PHIOJECT

Ttal ProiUct Cast.

praaarert lSh.dal. Far MeahL r Tool-

"52 _83 _86

3Pl-OCt-to4000lb -ap "* -

3 AIrP11) Ctspto.sar1 1 89 -521(1

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3alal 0..p..^ Sdlre.. 4 Tol 1.0 ,..s.1 '...... ANNEX 3 Page 1

PAKISTAN

IRRIGATION SYSTEMS REHABILITATIONPROJECT

SupervisoryConsultants' lerms of Reference

Descriptionof Work

1. For the purposes of this agreement,the team of supervisoryconsultants, locally engaged and supplied by a consultingfirm, shall provide certain professional and technical services to the Ministry of Water and Power to assist in the overall coordinationand management of the IrrigationSystems Rehabilitation Project. Also, the team will assist the four ErovincialIrrigation Departments (PIDs) in implementingthe project. The team Ehall report to the Project Co- ordinator, Federal CoordinationCell, in the Office of the Chief Engineering Advisor in the Ministry of Water and Power, and shall be under his general supervision.

2. All project records shall be made available to the team of consultants.

Scope of Work

3. The supervisoryconsultant team shall perform the following services:

(a) review plans and designs for civil works by spot checking to assure compliancewith PIDs' specifications;

(b) review PIDs' annual Project Work Plans to determine,among other things, compliance with GOP, GO Provinces and IDA agreements on: (i) eligibilityof schemes to be rehabilitated; (ii) schedules,targets and levels of proposed funding for rehabilitatingschemes; and (iii.)schedules, targets and level of funding for O&M program of woirk;

(c) spot check about 20% of schemes during constructionand all schemes upon completionto determine quantitiesand qualities of work performed;

(d) evaluate for inclusionin Project CompletionReport: (i) quality of completed civil works; and (i.i)efficiency of PIDs' equipment utilizationand maintenance including comparisonof labor intensive and heavy equipmentmethods;

(e) assist the Federal CoordinationCell in the Office of Secretary, Ministry of Water and Power in:

(i) monitoring project progress and preparing consolidated quarterly and annual progress reports and Project Completion Reports;

65 ANNEX 3 Page 2 -2-

(ii) preparing consolidatedannual program of work;

(iii) maintaining consolidatedaccounts for the project;

(iv) preparing and submittingreimbursement applications to IDA followingverification, and

(v) preparing report on first year's (FY83) program to encourageand strengthenprivate civil works contracting industry'suse of heavy equipment;

(f) assist PIDs in integratingproject's equipment, spare parts, and machine tools into existing fleet and operation to ensure efficient utilization.

The Consultancy Service Team

4. The team would consist of the following full-timemembers:

Profession Number Man/Months

Project Manager 1 (part-time) 9 Chief, Equipment 1 (part-time) 9 Project Engineer 1 36 Field Engineer 4 144 Junior Engineer 4 144 Sub-engineer 6 216 Accountant 1 36 Total 18 594

5. The Project Engineer and immediate supportingstaff would be located in Islamabad in close proximity to the Federal Coordination Cell of the project. Field personnel will be located in the four Provinces, as mutually agreed to by the Cell and consulting firm. Required office space would be provided by the firm.

6. The consulting firm's fee would include all personnel costs (salaries, allowancesand other related expenses); firm's overhead, office rent, office equipment,transport, utilities as well as clerical support and drivers. In addition, the firm would provide back-up staff support, services and technical assistance from its headquartersas required.

Conditionof Project Effectiveness

7. A signed agreement for consultancyservices between GOP and the consulting firm would be a condition of project effectivenessand would be completed by about June 30, 1982.

66 PAKISTAN

IRRIGATION SYSTEMSREHABILITATION PROJECT

ImplementationSchedule -

FY 83 FY 84 FY 85 FY 86 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd

1. Supervisory Consultants (320 m/m)

2. Expatriate Consultants (102 m/m)

O&M Specialists 33 m/m X 2 Warehouse Operation Specialist 18 m/m X 1 Equipment Maintenance Specialist,18 m/m X 1

3. Submissionof O&M Work Program by PIDs 2/

4. Submissionof Progress Reports by PIDs Quarterly Annually

5. Submissionof Annual ProjectWork Plan by PIDs

6. Eva uation of Private Civil Works x

1/ For civil works implementationrefer to Annex I, Table 7, and for procurement schedules, refer to Annex II, Tables 1 and 2.

2/ To be included in the Annual Project Work Plan. ANNEX 5 Table 1

PAKISTAN

IRRIGATION SYSTEMS REHABILITATIONPROJECT

Summary of Costs and Schedule of Expenditures for O&M and AdministrationExpenditures a/

Item Annual Target IncrementalFunding 1981-82 Incremental Total 1983 1984 1985 1986 Total ------Rs M------

Punjab Province Operation & Maintenance 285.00 236.00 521.00 59.00 118.00 177.00 - 354.00 Administration 70.00 4.00 74.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 - 6.00 Subtotal 355.00 240.00 595.00 bl 60.00 120.00 180.00 - 360.00

Sind Province Operation & Maintenance 223.00 64.00 287.00 21.50 43.00 64.00 - 128.50 Administration 31.00 2.00 33.00 0.50 1.00 2.00 - 3.50 Subtotal 254.00 66.00 320.00 22.00 44.00 66.00 - 132.00

NWFP Operation & Maintenance 59.00 11.60 70.60 3.80 7.60 11.40 - 22.80 Administration 9.00 0.60 9.40 0.20 0.40 0.60 - 1.20 Subtotal 68.00 12.20 80.00 4.00 8.00 12.00 - 24.00

Baluchistan Operation & Maintenance 19.00 18.00 37.00 2.80 5.70 8.50 - 17.00 Administration 8.50 0.50 9.00 0.20 0.30 0.50 - 1.00 Subtotal 27.50 18.50 46.00 c/ 3.00 6.00 9.00 - 18.00

Project Operation & Maintenance 586.00 329.60 915.60 87.10 174.30 260.90 - 522.30 Administration 118.50 7.10 125.40 1.90 3.70 6.10 0.06 11.70 Subtotal 704.50 336.70 1,041.00 89.00 178.00 267.00 0.06 534.00

aB Breakdown between O&H and Administrationis an estimate based on NESPACK report and information provided by the provinces to the mission. .J Level to be reached in about four years. cJ Level to be reached in about six years.

68 PAKISTAN ANNEX S IRRIGATION SYSTEMSREHABILITATION PROJECT Table 2

Punjab Province:Recommended Level of 0&Mand Administrative Activ:.ties for Canals, Bunds & Drainage

Unit Requirement Total Requirement Total Cost Physical Staff (En/man) Othe0r xeses Staff (man/years) Staff Other Total Charac. Permanent 1/ Seasonal 2/ unit) Permonent Seasonal Total Cost/man/ Cost Cost year(Rs) --"-(Es 000-)-- _(Ros) A. Operations & Maintenance Individual Gangs (10 men) Individual Gangs

I.Canals, Bunds & Drains a. Labor (km/wan) Canals (km) Feeder & main canals 6,350 0.75 0.75 1.0 8,,166 2,822 2,116 13,404 4,500 60,318.0 Major distributories 19,350 1.50 1.00 1.5 12,100 6,450 4,300 23,650 4,500 16,425.0 Minor distributories 12,850 3.00 1.50 3.0 4,2!83 2,856 1,428 8,567 4,500 38,551.5 Escape Channels 350 3.00 1.50 - ' 16 78 - 194 4,500 873.0 Subtotal 38,900 25,.'65 12,206 7,844 206,167.0 206.2 1,500,0 1.5 Main Drains 6,700 Flood Bunds 2,650 0.65 0.5 4,0177 1,767 5,844 4,500 26,298.0 26.3

b. Materials (division) Canals 83 115,000 9,545.0 Bunds 25 290,000 7,250.0 16.8 Subtotal 16,795.0 c. Tromming & Removal of (km) of Kachra 38,900 1.50 3/ 1,080 1,080 4,500 4,860.0 4.8 Silt clearance (20% of length) 4/ 6,440 0.021/ 13,416 13,416 4,500 60,372.0 60.4

2. Regulators a. Labor (No) (nan/unit) Feeder & Main canals 254 8.0 7,200 _/ 2,(132 2,032 4,500 9,144.0 1,828.8 Mrajor Distributories 645 3.0 4,300 i/ 1,'935 1,935 4,500 8,707.5 2,773.5 Minor Distributories 428 2.0 1,500 B/ 856 856 4,500 3,852.0 642.0 Bridges in all canals and drains 1,825 - 1,500 8/ - - - Subtotal 1,710T3. 5,244.7 26.9

b. Materials Feeder 6 Main canals 254 14,500 3,683.0 Major Distributories 645 3,500 2,257.5 Minor Distributories 428 2,100 898.8 Subtotal 6,839.3 6.8

3.Head Works 13 3,500,000 45,500.0 45.5

4.Bungalows & Colonies Labor (man/unit) Colonies 32 48 35,000 1,'.36 1,536 4,500 6,912.0 1,120.0 Bungalows (Circuit) 22 13 30,000o .86 286 4,500 1,287.0 660.0 Bungalows (lst 6 2nd) 688 5 10,000 3,440 3,440 4,500 15,480.0 6,880.0 Subtotal 23,679.0 8,660.0 32.3

5.Special Repairs (Em) Canals (10% of length) 3,890 19,000 5/ 73,910.0 Drains (10% of length) 670 9,4006/ 6,298.0 Bunds (20% of length) 265 28,000 7/ 7,420.0 Subtotal 87,628.0 87.6 (division) 6 Telephone & Telegraph 83 70,000 5,810.0 5.8 Total O6M and Admini. 520.9

8. Supervision & Admin.

I .Establishment Chief Engineer 8 48,000 384.0 Superintendent Engineer 35 42,000 1,470.0 Executive Engineer 95 30,000 2,850.0 Sub-divisional Engineer 380 24,000 9,120.0 Sub-engineer 800 18,000 14,400.0 Subtotal 28,224.0 Service Establishment 28,224.0 Subtotal 56,448.0 56.4 2. Transport Regular Staff vehicles (cars) 138 24,000 3,312.0 Seasonal Staff Pickups 60 24,000 1,440.0 Trunks 40 24,000 960.0 Subtotal 5,712.0 5.7

3.General Expenditures 12 12.0 Total Supervision & Admin. 74.2

Total O0M and Admin. 595

_1/ Mainly force account. 2/ Mainly petty contractors for earthwork over a four-months period of peak canal deliveries and high flood risk. 3/ Seasonal labor requied for half-onth only. 4/ Twenty percent of the length of major and minor canals. 5/ 95,000 cf/km at Rs 215/000 eft. 6/ 47,000 cf/km at Rs 215/000 cft. 7/ 140,000 cf/km at Rs 215/000 cft. 69 _/ Masonry work. PAKISTAN ANINEX5

IRRIGATION SYSTEMSREHABILITATION PROJECT Table 3

Sind Province:Recommended Level of O&Mand Administrative Activities for Canals, Bunds & Drainage

Unit Requirement Total Requirement Total Cost Physical Staff (Km/man) Other Exense Staff (man/years) Staff Other Total Chacac. Permanent 1/ Seasonal 2/ (Rs/unit) Permanent Seasonal Total Cost/man/ Cost Cost year(Rs) -- (Rs 000)--- (Rs M) A. Operations & Maintenance Individual Gangs (10 men) Individual Gangs

I.Canals, Bunds & Drains a. Labor (Km/man) Canals (Km) Feeder & main canals 5,750 0.75 0.75 1.0 7,666 2,555 1,916 12,137 4,500 54,615.5 Major distributories 6,650 1.50 1.00 1.5 4,433 2,216 1,477 8,126 4,500 36,567.0 Minor distributories 7,300 3.00 1.50 3.0 2,433 1,622 811 4,866 4,500 21,897.0 Escape Channels 50 3.00 1.50 - 16 11 - 27 4,500 121.5 Subtotal 19,750 14,548 6,404 4,204 113,202.0 113.2

Main Drains 6,300 1,500.0 1.5 Flood Bunds 1,900 0.65 0.5 2,923 1,266 4,189 4,500 18,850.5 18.9

b. Materials (division) Canals 44 115,000 5,060.0 Bonds 18 290,000 5,220.0 Subtotal 10,280.0 10.3 c. Trimning & Removal of (km) - of Kachra 19,750 1.50 j/ 548 548 4,500 2.4 Silt clearancee (20X of length) A/ 2,790 0.02 3/ 0.02 3/ 5,812 5,812 4,500 26.1

2. Regulators a. Labor (No.) (nan/unit) Feeder & Main canals 230 8.0 7,200 8/ 1,840 1,840 4,500 8,280.0 1,656.0 Major Distributories 220 3.0 4,300 8/ 660 660 4,500 2,970.0 940.0 Minor Distributories 240 2.0 1,500 8/ 480 480 4,500 2,160.0 696.0 Bridges in all canals and drains 1,125 - 1,500 8/ - 1,687.0 Subtotal 13,410.0 4,979.0 18.4

b. Materials Feeder & Main canals 230 4,500 3,335.0 Major Distributories 220 3,500 770.0 Minor Distributories 240 2,100 504.0 Subtotal 4,609.0 4.6

3.Head Works 3 4,500,000 13,500.0 13.5

4.Bungalows & Colonies Labor (man/unit) Colonies 19 48 35,000 912 912 4,500 4,104.0 66.5 Bungalows (Circuit) 13 13 30,000 169 169 4,500 760.5 390.0 Bungalows (lst & 2nd) 393 5 10,000 1,965 1,965 4,500 8,842.5 3,930.0 Subtotal 13,707.0 4,985.0 18.7

5.Special Repairs (Km) Canals (10% of length) 1,975 20,425 5/ 40,339.4 Drains (10% of length) 630 10 100 6/ 6,366.1 Bunds (20% of length) 380 30,100 7/ 5,719.0 Subtotal 52,424.5 52.4 (division) 6 Telephone & Telegraph 44 70,000 3,080.0 3.1 Total O&Mand Adnini. 281.3

B. Supervision & Admin.

1.Establishment Chief Engineer 4 48,000 192.0 Superintendent Engineer 20 42,000 840.0 Executive Engineer 57 30,000 1,710.0 Sub-divisional Engineer 228 24,000 5,472.0 Sub-engineer 456 18,000 8,208.0 Subtotal 16,422.0 Service Establishment 16,422.0 Subtotal 32,844.0 32.8 2. Transport Regular Staff vehicles (cars) 81 24,000 1,944.0 Seasonal Staff Pickups 52 24,000 1,248.0 Trucks 30 24,000 720.0 Subtotal 3,912.0 3.9

3.General Expenditures 2.0 Total Supervision & Admin. 38.7

Total O&Mand Admin. 320.0 9/

1/ Mainly farce account. 2/ Mainly petty contractors for earthwork over a four-months period of peak canal deliveries and high flood risk. 3/ Seasonal labor requied for half-onth only. 4/ Twenty percent of the length of major and minor canals. 5/ 95,000 cf/km at Rs 215/000 cft. i/ 47,000 cf/km at Rs 215/000 cft. 2/ 140,000 cf/km at Rs 215/000 cft. 8/ Masonry work. i/ Miscellaneous charges. 70 PAKISTAN ANNEX5 Table 4 IRRIGATION SYSTEMSRERABILITATION PFOJECT

NWFP: Recommended Level of O&Mand Administrative Activities for Canals, Bunds & Drainage

Unit Requirement Total Requirement Total Cost Physical Staff (Km/man) Other Em enses Staff (man/years) Staff Other Total Charac. Permanent 1/ Seasonal 2/ (Re/unit Peranent Seasonal Total Cost/man/ Cost Cost year(Rs) --- (Rs 000)--- (Rs M) A. Operations & Maintenance Individual Gangs (10 men) Individual Gangs

I.Canals, Bonds & Drains a. Labor (Km/man) Canals (Km) Feeder & main canals 1,000 0.75 0.75 1.0 1,334 444 333 2,111 4,500 9,499.5 Major distributories 950 1.50 1.00 1.5 633 316 211 1,160 4,500 5,220.0 Minor distributories 1,050 3.00 1.50 3.0 350 233 116 699 4,500 3,145.5 Canals or minor schemes 600 1.50 1.00 1.5 400 200 133 733 4,500 3,298.5 Subtotal 3,600 2,717 1,193 793 4,703 21,163.5 21.2

Main Drains 2,000 500.0 0.5 Flood Bunds 200 0.65 0.5 308 133 441 4,500 1,984.5 2.0

b. Materials (division) Canals 15 115,000 1,725.0 1.7 Bunds 6 290,000 1,450.0 1.5

Subtotal c. Trimming & Removal of (km) of Kachra 3,600 1.50 3/ 100 100 4,500 450.0 0.5 Silt clearance (20% of length) 4/ 400 0.02 3/ 833 833 4,500 3,750.0 3.8

2 .Regulators a. Labor (No.)(man/unit) Peeder & Main canals 40 8.0 7,200 8/ 320 320 4,500 1,440.0 288.0 Major Distributories 32 3.0 4,300 8/ 96 96 4,500 432.0 137.0 Minor Distributories 35 2.0 1,500 8/ 70 70 4,500 315.0 52.5 Bridges in all canals and drains 225 - 1,500 8/ - 337.5 Subtotal 2,187.0 815.6 3.0

b. Materials Feeder 6 Main canals 40 14,500 580.0 Major Distributories 32 35.000 1,120.0 Minor Distributories 35 21,000 735.0 Subtotal 2,435.0 2.4

3.Head Works 5 3,500,000 2,435.0 17.5

4.Bungalows & Colonies Labor (man/unit) Colonies 2 48 35,000 96 96 4,500 432.0 70.0 Bungalows (Circuit) 1 13 30,000 13 13 4,500 58.5 30.0 Bungalows (1st & 2nd) 33 5 10,000 165 165 4,500 742.5 330.0 Subtotal 1,233.0 430.0 1.7

5.Special Repairs (Km) Canals (10% of length) 300 19,000 5/ 5,700.0 Drains (10% of length) 200 9,400 6/ 1,880.0 Bunds (20% of length) 20 28,000 7/ 560.0 Subtotal 8,140.0 8.1 (division) 6.Telephone & Telegraph 15 70,000 1,050.0 1.1

7.Lift Irrigation 5,500.0 5.5 Total O&Mand Admini. 70.4

B. Supervision & Admin.

1.Establishment Chief Engineer 1 48,000 48.0 Superintendent Engineer 5 42,000 210.0 Esecutive Engineer 15 30,000 450.0 Sub-divisional Engineer 60 24,000 1,440.0 Sub-engineer 120 18,000 2,160.0 Subtotal 4,308.0 Service Establishment 4,308.0 Subtotal 8,616.0 8.6 2.Transport Regular Staff vehicles (cars) 21 24,000 144.0 Seasonal Staff Pickups 6 24,000 240.0 Trucks 10 24,000 384.0 Subtotal 768.0 0.8

3.General Expenditures 600.0 0.2 Total Supervision & Admin. 9.6

Total o&M and Admin. 80.0 9/

1/ Mainly force account. / Mainly petty contractors for earthwork over a four-months period of peak canal deliveries and high flood risk. 3/ Seasonal labor requied for half-month only. 4/ Twenty percent of the length of major and minor canals. 5/ 95,000 cf/km at Rs 215/000 cft. 6/ 47,000 of/km at Rs 215/000 cft. _Z/140,000 cf/km at Rs 215/000 cft. 8/ Masonry work. 71 9/ Miscellaneous charges. ANNEX5 Table 5 PAKISTAN

IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS REHABILITATION PROJECT

Baluchistan Province:Recomsended Level of 06M and Administrative Activities for Canals, Bunds 6 Drainage

Unit Requirement Total Requirement Total Cost Physical Staff (Km/men) Other Expenses Staff (man/years) Staff Other Total Cost Cost Charac. Permanent 1/ Seasonal 2/ (Rs/unit) Permanent Seasonal Total Cost/man/ year(Rs) -(Rs 000)--- (Rs M) A. Operations & Maintenance Individual Gangs (10 men) Individual Gangs

I.Canals, Bonds & Drains a. Labor (Km/men) Canals (Rm) Feeder & main canals 700 0.75 0.75 1.0 933 311 233 1,477 4,500 6,646.5 Major distributories 600 1.50 1.00 1.5 400 200 133 733 4,500 3,298.5 Minor distributories 250 3.00 1.50 3.0 83 56 27 166 4,500 747.0 Canals or minor schemes 750 1.50 1.00 1.5 500 250 166 916 4,500 4,122.0 Subtotal 1,3001,916 817 559 14,814.0 14.8

Main Drains 200 100.0 1.0 Flood Bunds 250 0.65 0.5 384 166 550 4,500 2,475.0 2.5

b. Materials (division) Canals 12 115,000 1,380.0 Bonds 5 290,000 1,450.0 Subtotal 2,830.0 2.8 c. Trimming & Removal of (km) of Kachra 1,600 1.50 3/ 43 43 4,500 193.5 0.2 Silt clearanco (20% of length) 4/ 170 0.02 3/ 354 354 4,500 1,593.5 1.6

2.Regulators a. Labor (men/unit) Feeder & Main canals 28 8.0 7,200 8/ 224 224 4,500 1,008.0 201.6 Major Distributories 20 3.0 4,300 8/ 60 60 4,500 270.0 86.0 Minor Distributories 8 2.0 1,500 J 16 16 4,500 72.0 12.0 Bridges in all canals 1,500 8/ - - 150.0 and drains 100 - Subtotal 1,350.0 449.6 1.8

b. Materials Feeder 6 Main canals 28 14,500 406.0 Major Distributories 20 3,500 70.0 Minor Distributories 8 2,100 16.8 Subtotal 492.8 0.3

3.Head Works 1 3,500,000 3,500.0 3.5

4.Bungalows & Colonies Labor (men/unit) Colonies 2 48 35,000 96 96 4,500 432.0 70.0 Bungalows (Circuit) 1 13 30,000 13 13 4,500 58.5 30.0 Bungalows (lst 6 2nd) 33 5 10,000 165 165 4,500 742.5 330.0 Subtotal 1,232.0 430.0 1.6

5.Special Repairs (Re) Canals (10% of length) 230 20,425 5/ 4,697.8 Drains (10% of lenegth) 20 10,100 6/ 202.0 Bunds (20% of length) 25 30,100 7/ 752.0 Subtotal 5,651.8 5.6 (division) 6.Telephone 6 Telegraph 12 70,000 840.0 0.8

7.Improv. of Karasas 6 Flood Irrigation 1,000.00 1.0 Total OiM and Admini. 36.8

B. Supervision & Admin.

1.Establishment Chief Engineer 1 48,000 48.0 Superintendent Engineer 5 42,000 210.0 Executive Engineer 14 30,000 420.0 Sub-divisional Engineer 56 24,000 1,344.0 Sub-engineer 112 18,000 2,016.0 Subtotal 4,038.0 Service Establishment 4,038.0 Subtotal 8,076.0 8.1 2 .'ransport Regular Staff vehicles (cars) 20 24,000 480.0 Seasonal Staff Pickups 6 24,000 144.0 Trucks 4 24,000 96.0 Subtotal 720.0 0.7

3.General Expenditures 3 120,000 0.4 Total Supervision 6 Admin. 9.2

Total OiM and Adoin. 46.0 9/

/ Mainly force account. 2/ Mainly petty contractors for earthwork over a four-oonths period of peak canal deliveries and high flood risk. 3/ Seasonal labor requied for half-onth only. J Twenty percent of the length of major and minor canals. 5/ 95,000 cf/km at Rn 215/000 cft. i/ 47,000 cf/Innat RC 215/000 cft. 7/ 140,000 cf/km at Rs 215/000 cft. 8/ Masonry work. 72 9/ Miscellaneous charges. ANNEX 5 Table 6 PAKISTAN

IRRIGATION SYSTEM REHABILITATION PROJECT

_ CroippnR Patterns and Yields for the Sub/svstems/Schemes Models

Punjab Sind NWFP Baluchistan Bahawalpur Sargodha Rhori Canal Upper Swat Intesity Yield Intensity Yield Intensity Yield Intensity Yield Intensity Yield Kharif % kg/ac % kg/ac % Fkg7ac % kg/ac % kg/ac

Cotton P 31 296 17 150 34 370 - - - w 30 286 16 145 33 360 - - - W 32 305 18 155 35 380 - - -

Fodder P 14 2,125 15 1,395 ------W 13 2,050 14 1,345 ------W 15 2,190 16 1,435 ------

Rice P - - 9 665 ------W - - 8 640 ------W - - 10 685 ------

Millet P - - - - 6 225 - - - - T, - - - - 5 217 - - - W - - - - 7 232 - - - -

Maize P - - 40 555 3.5 470 W ------39 535 3.5 425 w ------41 570 4.5 610

Potato P ------2.5 3,000 T, - - - - 2.5 2,700 W - - - - 3.7 3,750

Rabi

Wheat P 36 635 48 595 33 560 39 520 17.0 450 W 35 615 47 575 32 540 38 500 16.0 405 W 37 655 49 615 34 575 40 535 24.8 585

Fodder P 10 14,920 15 11,190 - - 10 14,200 - - W 10 14,400 15 10,800 - - 10 13,700 - W 10 15,370 15 11,525 - - 10 14,625 -

Oilseed P - - - - 8 170 - - - W9 - - - - 8 165 - - - W - - - - 8 175 - - -

Perennials

Sugarcane P 7 12,265 10 11,160 4 12,635 27 13,750 - W 7 11,835 10 10,770 4 12,190 26 13,270 - W 7 12,630 10 11,495 4 13,015 28 14,160 -

Orchards p ------1.0 1,100 W~ ------1.0 990 W ------3.0 1,320

Cropping Intensity

Annual P 105 - 124 - 89 - 143 25.0 W 102 - 120 - 86 - 139 24.0 W 108 - 128 - 92 - 147 39.0

73 PAKISTAN

IRRIGATION SYSTEMS REIIABILITATION PROJECT

Ilustrative Financial Crop Budgets I/ (kgs/Rs per acre, 1981 currency)

Water Cost of Cash Cost 4/ Value of Net Return per Z Increase Seed Labor Fertilizer Bullock Pesticides Charge Production 1/ Production Yield Production Cropped Acre (FW/FWO) (kgs) (mandays) (nutrient kgs) (pair-hours) (spray) N F

crop Rs Qt Qty Rs Qty Rs Qty Rs Qty Rs Qty Rs Rs Rs R s Rs Rs

Cotton Present 6 18 25 450 17 72 5 14.5 45 315 2 150 33.6 1,053 648 296 1,213 565 Future Without 2/ 6 22 25 588 17 124 5 31 45 405 2 200 76 1,446 916 285.6 1,411 495 9 Future With 6 22 25.5 600 17.5 128 5.15 31 45.9 413 2 200 76 1,470 930 304.9 1,506 576

Rice Present 8 16 26 468 25 105 8 23 40 280 - - 32 924 503 665 638 135 Future Without 8 16 26 611 25 182 8 49 40 360 - - 72 1,290 740 642 835 95 42 Future With 8 16 26.5 623 25.75 188 8.25 50 40.8 368 - - 72 1,317 755 685 890 135

Wheat Present 35 50 16 288 16 68 5 15 41 287 - - 21.6 730 471 595 821 350 Future Without 35 69 16 376 16 117 5 30 41 369 - - 48 1,009 671 574 1,079 408 15 Future With 35 69 16.3 383 16.5 120 5.15 31 41.8 376 - - 48 1,027 682 613 1,152 470

Sugarcane Present 1,600 352 66 1,188 36 152 10 29 90 630 - - 61.6 2,413 1,343 11,160 2,455 1,112 Future Without 1,600 384 66 1,551 36 263 10 61 90 810 - - 138 3,207 1,811 10,769 2,585 774 19 Future With 1,600 384 67.3 1,582 37.1 271 10.3 63 91.8 826 - - 138 3,264 1,840 11,495 2,759 919

Wheat (Baluchistan) Present 34 49 10 180 6 25 - - 30 210 - - 18.8 483 321 450 625 304 Future Without 34 67 10 235 6 44 - - 30 270 - - 42 658 446 405 761 315 63 Future With 34 67 12 282 17 124 - - 36 324 - - 42 839 585 585 1,100 515

1/ Crop budgets are based on the major crops and on projectionsof financial prices (to 1990). The input/output assumptions are based on RAP's survey of 2,000 farmers and on mission estimates. The first four crops refer to Punjab, Sind, and NWF Provinces. The last crop budget (wheat) refers to the higher yields assumed for Baluchistan. For further details on cropping patterns and yields for each subsystem/scheme, see Table 6 in Annex 5.

2/ Input requirements for future without project are assumed to remain the same as present, even with the assumed decrease in yields.

3/ Includes payment to family labor (at the prevailing market wage rate).

4/ Excludes payment to family labor. Budgets assume that on average about 90% of labor requirements are provided by family labor. ANNEX 5 Table 8 PAKISTAN

IRRIGATION SYSTEM REHABILITATIONI PROJECT

Farmgate Prices Used in Financial and Economic Analysis (in constant June 1981 Rs)

Items Financial Prices Economic Prices a 1982-83 1990-91 1982-83 1990-91

Agricultural Outputs (Rs/ton) Cotton b/ 4,100 4,940 5,360 6,800 Fodder K 320 390 290 e/ 350 e/ Rice (Paddy) b/ 955 1,290 1,940 2,620 Millet 2,300 2,775 2,100 e/ 2,500 e/ Maize e/ 1,430 1:,700 1,090 1,700 Potato 800 940 720 e/ 850 Sj Wheat c/ 1,385 1,880 2,220 2,250 Fodder R 75 95 70 p_ 85 e/ Oilseed a! 3,200 3,850 2,180 2,610 Sugarcane b/ 220 240 230 250 Orchards e/ 5,000 6,100 4,500 e/ 5,500 e/

Agricultural Inputs Seeds (Rs/ton) Cotton 3,125 3,725 4,020 5,100 Fodder K 2,100 2,550 1,900 2,300 Rice 2,000 2,680 4,850 6,550 Millet 2,660 3,200 2,400 2,900 Maize 1,510 1,800 1,150 1,800 Potato 2,600 3,200 2,400 2,900 Wheat 1,442 1,980 2,320 2,370 Fodder R 5,400 6,600 4,900 6,000 Oilseed - - 2,830 3,370 Sugarcane 220 240 260 270 Orchards 450 540 400 f/ 520.

Fertilizer (Rs/ton of Nutrient) Urea 4,220 7,300 5,880 7,730 DAP 2,860 6,070 4,060 6,070

Labor (Rs/manday) Peak Period 18.0 23.50 16.20 21.25 g/ Slack Period 18.0 23.50 12.95 17.00 h/

Farm Power (Rs/hr) Bullock (pair) i/ 7.0 9.0 7.00 9.00 Tractor 50.0 65.0 50.00 65.00

a/ Economic prices for internationally traded commodities are based on the Bank's commodity price forecasts. b/ Export-based price. c/ Import-based price for 1981 but export based price for 1990 to account for expected production increases. Price switch from cif to fob basis was phased over four years in the mid-1980s. d/ Import-based price. e/ Local prices converted into border rupees at the estimated Standard Conversion Factor (SCF) of' .90. f/ Cost per ac. g/ Local price converted into border rupees at the estimated SCF of .9. 75 h/ Accounts for both the shadow price of labor (about .8) during the slack period and the SCF. i/ Includes driver. Annex 5 Table 9

PAKISTAN

IRRIGATION SYSTEMS REHABILITATION PROJECT

Current and Estimated Revenues and O&M Expenditures (Rs M)

Item 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 (1992) 10/

I Expenditures O&Mfor Surface Irr System Base Cost 1/ 704.0 794.0 882.0 972. 1,034.0 1,038.0 1,041.0 1,041.0 1,041.0 1,041.0 1,041.0 Price Contingencies 2/ 46.0 152.0 280.0 429.0 588.0 723.0 867.0 1.019.0 1,185.0 1,362.0 1,554.0 Subtotal 750.0 946.0 1,162.0 1,401.0 1,622.0 1,761.0 1,908.0 2,060.0 2,226.0 2,403.0 2,595.0

O&M for Public TWs Existing TWs Base Cost 3/ 556.0 654.0 775.0 925.0 925.0 926.0 926.0 926.0 926.0 926.0 926.0 Base Cost for Prop. Program FGW (Divesting Program) 4/ 486.0 549.0 584.0 587.0 475.0 364.0 253.0 161.0 68.0 - - (818.0) SGW Existing 5/ 70.0 76.0 90.0 108.0 108.0 108.0 108.0 108.0 108.0 108.0 108.0 To be added 6/ 0.0 20.0 47.0 101.0 113.0 141.0 169.0 197.0 225.0 253.0 282.0 Subtotal SGW 70.0 96.0 137.0 209.0 221.0 249.0 276.0 305.0 333.0 361.0 390.0 Subtotal FGW & SGW 556.0 645.0 721.0 796.0 696.0 613.0 529.0 466.0 401.0 361.0 390.0

Price Contingencies 7/ FGW TWs 32.0 115.0 216.0 310.0 337.0 381.0 286.0 217.0 111.0 - - (1,865.0) SGW TWs 4.0 20.0 51.0 111.0 157.0 227.0 312.0 418.0 546.0 700.0 889.0 Subtotal 36.0 135.0 287.0 421.0 494.0 608.0 598.0 635.0 657.0 700.0 889.0

TW O&MExpenditures FGW TWs 517.0 664.0 800.0 897.0 812.0 745.0 539.0 377.0 179.0 - - (2,683.0) SGW TWs 75.0 116.0 188.0 320.0 378.0 476.0 588.0 723.0 879.0 1,061.0 1,279.0 Subtotal 592.0 780.0 988.0 1,217.0 1,190.0 1,221.0 1,127.0 1,100.0 1,058.0 1,061.0 1,279.0

O&K Expenditures Surface & FGW Supplies 1,267.0 1,610.0 1,962.0 2,298.0 2,434.0 2,506.0 2,447.0 2,437.0 2,405.0 2,403.0 2,595.0 (5,278.0) SGW TWs 75.0 116.0 188.0 320.0 378.0 476.0 588.0 723.0 879.0 1,061.0 1,279.0 Subtotal 1,342.0 1,726.0 2,150.0 2,618.0 2,812.0 2,982.0 3,035.0 3,160.0 3,284.0 3,464.0 3,874.0 (6,357.0)

1I Water Charges For Surface & FGW Sply 8/ 740.0 925.0 1,156.0 1,445.0 1,590.0 1,749.0 1,924.0 2,116.0 2,328.0 2,560.0 2,817.0 Por All Irr Systems 9/ 740.0 925.0 1,156.0 1,445.0 1,734.0 1,995.0 2,294.0 2,639.0 3,033.0 3,488.0 4,012.0

III Cash Flow Water Chgs to 0&M Surface & FGW Supplies 8/ -527.0 -685.0 -806.0 -853.0 -844.0 -757.0 -573.0 -321.0 -77.0 +157.0 +222.0 All Irrigation Systems 9/ -602.0 -811.0 -1,018.0 -1,173.0 -1,100.0 -987.0 -741.0 -521.0 -251.0 + 24.0 +138.0

1/ Based on Tables 1-5, Annex 5 (Includes distribution, surface drainage and flood protection facilities) 2/ Assumes 13% during 1982, 11% 1983, 10% 1984, 9% 1985, and 8.5% thereafter 3/ Based on 10,275 operating TWs (1982) and 900 to be added in 1983 with assumed individual TW annual O&Mof Rs 54,100 (1982), Rs 58,500 (1983), Rs 69,300 (1984), and Rs 82,800 thereafter to achieve increased operating capacity from current 365 to 60% in 1985 and thereafter 4/ Assumes 12% annual divesting rate of TWs in FGW beginnig in 1984 5/ Based on 1,300 operating TWs (1981) in SGW and same assumptions as in 3/ 6/ Assumes addition of 340 TWs annually in SGW beginning in 1983, with a total of 4700 TWs (WAPDA's estimate) to be installed through 1992 7/ Same as 2/ with 3% annual real increment added for increased cost of electricity 8/ Assumes SGW O&Mfinanced through drainage assessments with water charges increasing at a normal rate of 25% through 1985 and 10% thereafter 9/ Assumes all irrigation system 0&M to be eventually financed through water charges with nominal rate of increase of 25% through 1985, 20% in 1986, and 15% thereafter 10/ Additional cost of Rs 2,683 M in 1992 if TWa in FGW are not divested -- increase in annual water charges at 25% nominal rate would be required to give positive cash flow for surface and FGW supplies in 1991 and entire system in 1992. 76 ANNEX 5 Table 10

PAKISTAN

IRRIGATION SYSTEM REHABILITATION PROJECT

Summary of Economic Evaluation

Switching Values (%) 3/ Subsystem/Scheme 1/ ERR (%) NPV (Rs M) 2/ Benefits(-) Costs(+)

Punjab 65 3,005 79 380 Bahawalpur 65 540 80 413 Saragodha 55 335 74 279

Sind 59 1,235 80 397 Rohri 68 454 83 480

NWFP 25 75 48 90 Upper Swat 24 8 45 82

Baluchistan 22 48 48 92 Sunni Scheme 14 4 11 13

Overall Project 58 4,363 78 353

1/ The subsystem/scheme ERR differs from the provincial returns because of a variation in the investment cost per acre benefitted used for the aggregate analysis. 2/ A 12% discount rate is assumed to be the Opportunity Cost of Capital (OCC) for Pakistan. 3/ Switching value is the percentage change in the specific stream (benefit or cost) that reduces the NPV to zero at a rate equal to the OCC.

77 PAKISTAN

IRRGATION SYSENS REHABILITATION PROJECT

Economic Cash Flow (Rs M)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10--23

NET BENF OF PROD WITH PR

PUNJAB -384.71 634.75 3875.75 4486,58 4236.91 3978.27 3713.20 3401.29 3187.00 3261.64 SIND 32.97 561.94 1847.79 2093.52 2039.37 1985.96 1924.30 1857.26 1784.80 1772.75 NWFF -69.56 -48.17 130.19 142.91 124,72 105,63 86.01 64.75 37.84 38.66 BALUCHISTAN 0.12 3.90 14.00 19.06 21.83 24.18 27.04 28.54 29.19 30.24

SUBTOTAL -421.18 1152.41 5867.72 6742.07 6422.83 6094,04 5750.56 5351.85 5038,82 5103.28

NET BENF OF PROD WITHOUT

F'UNJAB -325.56 614,49 3568,35 4004.49 3623.81 3274.61 2960.84 2675.83 2478.46 2544.38 SIND 42.26 536,67 1725.42 1902.47 1796.51 1705.55 1623.55 1562.11 1496.27 1485,09 NWFP -65,21 -46,48 117.76 123.02 97.65 73.76 51.63 32.25 8.39 9.21 BALUCHISTAN -0.36 2.33 9.77 11,24 10.59 9.05 9,23 8.59 7.93 8.03

SUBTOTAL -348,88 1107,02 5421.29 6041.22 5528.56 5063.76 4645.25 4278.78 3991.06 4046.72 INVESTMENT COSTS

FPLJNJAB 163.82 174,77 130.08 0.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SIND 98.16 105,06 86,39 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 NWFF 27.24 28.48 16.94 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0,00 BALUCHISTAN 22.21 22,97 11.14 0.01 0.00 0,00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0,00

SUBTOTAL 311,44 331.27 244.55 1.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

INCREMENTAL O&M COSTS

FPUNJAB 15.93 31.86 47.87 63.81 63.81 63,81 63.81 63.81 63.81 63.81 SINI, 3.96 7.58 11.37 11.37 11.37 11.37 11,37 11.37 11.37 11.37 NWFF 1.15 2,30 3.44 3.44 3.44 3,44 3,44 3,44 3,44 3.44 BALUCHISTAN 0.20 0,42 0.48 0.82 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.03 1,03

SUBTOTAL 21.24 42.15 63.17 79.45 79.65 79,65 79.65 79.65 79.65 79,65 a0M

TOTAL NET BENEFITS -404.98 -328.03 138.71 620.38 814.62 950,62 1025.65 993.42 968.11 976.91

OD~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ,======Plate I

PAKISTAN IRRIGATION SYSTEMS REHABILITATION PROJECT WATER BALANCE (PRESENT) INDUS PLAINS AND PESHIAWARVALE

RIVER INPUT 152million acre feet Evaporation

101 Canals

76 No-

4vaporation,1 51~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 19EFFECTIV E f LEvr 51~~~~~~I20 39 Ii~~~~~~~~~6 PR ECIP Evaporation Perrwl~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~Wae Evaporation _ 1 River Seepage 40 NET CROP USE 33 38 H I

Rain 4 Perclatg_ion

Muniipa Eaotin49 and Industrial evaporation j DrainageJ GROUNDWATER 21 -4-- 16

SYSTEM OUTFLOWV

Source: Perspective Planning Division WVaterand Power Devleopment Authority

World Bank-22428

79 PAKISTAN IRRIGATION SYSTEMSREHABILITATION PROJECT INDUS IRRIGATION SYSTEM

6WarsakDanm

p MundaH/W //e CXv < An9Besrntandarar H/W

HaffI Lake~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- DagrMaaer

-d. Sukk G. Ba,rage Barrage Inu Rh Barrage,KuBbgragebGdBarage Rervir Reservoir SPA .Ao%sHyro P p \8r

LeftBanki P B ur ,tep re Lake~~ ~~~ ~ \ i r u h e t °

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~% \Lve-E Channa P'n4nadfCINIDA

LEGEND \ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~o -\r T uns Pauh,arpurla Barrage

0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~e eu ageRsmi

Source: PerspectivePlanving Division\ Water andPowver Developn,egt Authority WrdBn-22 Rwul Barrrge PAKISTAN IRRIGATION SYSTEMSREHABILITATION PROJECT TYPICAL CROSSSECTION OF MAIN CANALSAND BRANCHES

<| MIN:G 5° 11/2D

SPOILBANK -i~p W.-J- < 1:5 < 7 _ |; 15-0" L BANK / 1SPO21_ I Lio5-O5 MIN2r .| Z IFANDWHEREREQUIA.DS/.L.A;

O ( MIN: 5 9 " 20'-O" +-q nE FREE BOARD SUPPLY LEVEL o 1. NATURAL SURFACE LEVEL ABOVE FULL SOLBN < 15'-O"K PSPOILROVIDE BA CROSS DRAINAGE------___ ~~~~~~~~~~~1:5 REQUIRED BJX W . 5 AND~~~~~~~~~~~IF WHERE L)~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I z

< 6 NATURAL2. SURFACELEVELABELOW FULL SUPPLYLEVELBUTABOVEBED LEVEL

- RODROADNSL.15 5. 20 AN - FREE BOARD

-- 1'-O" MIN:z O | ( i2)v PUSHTA DOWEL- L 3D { ~~

BED 0 BOUNDARY H.GA -- < < 5'-tMIN: , 15-°EARTH COVER1'-O" BI

NOBTSHORE THA 100 F < NOTES: 3. NATURAL SURFACELEVELBELOWBED LEVELLANDREACHES

c. HYDRAULIC GRADIENT NSL. NTURAL SU LEVELE a. ROAD WIDTH b. FREE BOARD

GRADIENT LINE 2. BRANCHES 2'-6 MIN: H.G.L. HYDRAULIC

HGL _ _ ~~~TYPE CLASSIFICATION CL CHANNEL DISCHARGE W (Ft.) SILTY CLAY C 1I 350 CS TO 499 CS B GOOD SOIL CLAYEY GRAVELS SC 1 IN 5 500 CSOR ABOVE 12 AVERAGE SOIL CILAYYSGANDL YRUI RDETLN '6 I:HGL H~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.RNCE e_G___ ONE BOUNDARY 2. THERE SHOULD BE ONLY IT OR SILT ROAD 15-O"WIDE WITH 5-0' ADDITIONAL VERY FINE SAND ML 1IN6r LAND FOR AVENUES EXCEPT IN STATE BA OL FINE TOMEDIUM SP TF LAND AREA WHERE TWO BOUNDARY ROADS SANDLEVELY RADED SM SHOULD BE PROVIDED.THl OF3 NMS SILTY SAND

CX Source: Water and Power Development AuthoritY PAKISTAN IRRIGATION SYSTEMSREHABILITATION PROJECT TYPICAL CROSSSECTION OF DISTRIBUTARIESAND MINORS

15, ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~DRAINSPI 5-0"5-0 1-0" 5'' 81-0- '0 XBN z ( 1'-6"MIN:l FREEBOARD Z

m-C------0- < s'-e '' lJo ~~~2'-o/-\X T2 <

< 5 /2 D D/2"

0 1. NATURAL SURFACE LEVEL ABOVE FULL SUPPLY LEVEL

ir i

z - r'-6" MIN: FREE BOARD mS RA BOUNDARY l NI F.S.L. mOND5L

j- 5'-0'7 1 ___-0-__4 __ z <<

2. NATURAL SURFACE LEVEL BELOW FULL SUPPLY LEVEL BUTFABOVE BED LEVEL

NOTES: b.~~~~HYADRUI GRDIN 1,5 N.S.L.I NAUA SUFC LEVEL

6 ,j, _ \k1'-0"~~~~~~~~MIN.EATCOE B .|5-"Z MIN

t 6

< 3. NATURALASURFACEVLEVELLBELOW BEDLEVEL < a. WIDTHBANK 'W 1 5 -..______SOI _____ H._L H_.L __HYR_I ___ G_DIN LINE

NOTES: ~~~~~~~~~~~b.HYDRAULIC GRADIENT N.S.L. NATURAL SURFACE LEVEL

F,S.L. FULL-SUPPLY LEVEL_ aBANK WIDTH "W" ; SOIL H.G.L. H.G.L, HYDRAULIC GRADIENT LINE TYPE CLASSIFICATION

CHANNEL DISCHARGE W (Ft) AVRGESI SILTY CLAY CL IN UPTO 49 CS 4 CLAYEY GRAVELS GC

Lz50 C TO 199 CS 5 _ GOOD SOIL ___CLAYEYSAND SC I INS 200 CS TO 350 CS B IT RAESG VERY FINE SAND OR SILT BAD SOIL FINE TO MEDIUM ML SAND POORLY GRADED SP 1 IN6 SILTY SNAD SM

4 Source: Water and Power Development Authority World Bank-2317 8' co ( C- PAKISTAN IRRIGATION SYSTEMSREHABILITATION PROJECT OrganizationChart: FederalCoordination Cell in MVinistryof Water and Power

Secretary Ministry of Water and Power

Chief Engineering Advisor

Expatriate Supervisory Consultants Project Coordinator Consultants

r -- _ _-- -s

Punjab's Department of Sind's Department of NWFP'sDepartment of Baluchistan's Department of Irrigation and Power Irrigation and Power Irrigation Irrigation and Power

World Bank - 23147 PAKISTAN IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS REHABILITATON PROJECT OrganizationalChart: Panjab'sDepartmant of Irrigationand Powar

OCc cedinCcSerT..

P-rfercc cecSsccc ecc ecfc

Chiefhcaissc flie OBee, ClisfccciceecChie EcccsccCcie EccceecChie Ecccs-fChlsf E,g,,sec Ch,ld Ecc,ine,

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DChicp Dieifc Ocsi- Mcdic DOid-,ee Dwici... Diclei-r M,,Cc DI idiic f. Plcedc f.~~~~~~~E-eceic E,rgiee Isit f...d. . So Card. Ic-i,el` f. Mee,,cac icd,Dmi, 1. Lfr. COr. DMcielc -h. fI C.Ocr iie . 0. Cece Cicleic 2. -icaa 2 rcrreiclffCc2. Se.r ODcie 2. A-crsdcr Cccl Oceriet2 K.eri- Dcc 2. .. hAdrgii,cirM. Dr 2. k DicicieSI2,A rferOiccec- S.Ridr S.-,e 3. cedreeli, P.e-fh oCfli- 3. Ecasc- liic3 edOOtyceMck 3. T..c.. d...cc Dicni.i 3. Sek-.ce Drsiceg 3.U. CeacrDDi-i 3. Ma ial nafeddi Dicisc 4. PlcodW5ccefc4. a1 icee 4~ MedcaC- c Mi.iic 4. T.P. Li,k Dielaic- DialteSIdmeiec 4 . 1hadciml oewdi_ike_ 4 . Di D.cefllidec S B..Id f A.-d, Sl.1- 5 Slidmi. C.n.1 Dh,16- Bli Dwid- Chakhand Dimicic Lhr. S. Asfties Dicilc-h hcKcr icieicn 6.R Scr eOIOeilf S.hi..l Micislo ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4.S. MISlic, DWIcici Inc 6. PssfbdDeaCW 6. Shflh-c Dicisi,, E.B., DacmieeO 7. slMcsiI &fe.Pareer Lick DOliace hk7. dh-r Dceisi- 7. Chai Mcc.Ocise

0. leioa -5 Cc-e DWicisi 9. I------Ce,ccr-f- i -cercle B h. c ,cMicimi- S.hioel 9. Scef-dr Cra. Miwisien S. WallecTW. widder DO.clla Dwicie CO. Bei-yc eieil- 0 ICr Dwicisie LSr. rO. 08 Irk, e-isrr- S,rc-dh TfcSDisiken rf. MiciciecShacoec CC.: Dil,Ccicmi,c be. rIo Msfrf Dci ii- M.,.le cr Cd Maccag Dicil- Ir...edi S. Mi 15Di ci.iec C32 Lcdhrs Ccel Micisli- D2iecri-ei-r TiM dimiCc Ne. If SI 0 DiI- e Cc-G-C2 eSOese 2IW0m Cc c IhDOece Cd.0/0 1515crMIelelo, Cd. TW Op-. D,i-cc Nc. f. ScO.Ocisic hP, 2 TW 0-c No,cc,OCmiec 3. Kfehuab Dielelor Cd.Sehec Msilei edisiec 1f. TIli 0DIP. Dmi-i N.. 2 13 T O-c eliel`co Lh. ~ 4. Srecad- W/IhOe Dliwich fB IL D icisie fS. helecreckieicieier 15. W.rk,h.p MedScer.t Mick- 14. Sce.. acd W.r,ahcO 15. Dilf. Diiie w-oc f,h..h,he Dwicisi 6. Tri-O B-caeMccc Siwi-nc sc 1B. Misc Dieioc W.C f . here Bach Cicio,,c 17. MeCsc .caDwiciic c7 Scarf Dacf DMihil CO..Sheiha wri.i.h 10. Chakoal Dim iesli_

2h.SerfSect ~7/0MicleOr ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .- S-- I-- Plite 'VII

PAKISTAN IRRIGATIO,NSYSTEMS REHABILITATION PROJECT OrganizationChart: Sind's Departmentof Irrigation and ['ower

Provincial Project Coordinator Secretary

Additional Secretary

L I -I

Deput" Secretary Deputy Secretary Devrlopment Operations

Sect on Officern . Section Officers

r- Chief Engineer ChiefEngineer ]Chiel Engineer Chief Engineer Gudu Barrage Sukkur Barrage Koti Barrage Development Sukkar Sukkur JeHyr abad Hyderabad

Superintending Engineers Superintending Engineers Superintencing Engineers Superintending Engineers 1. Desert Pat Feeder 1. Khairpur Irrigation 1. Lower S nd Drainage 1. Dadu Moro Bridge 2. Begari Sind Feeder 2. Rohri Canal 2. Left Bank Construction 2. Survey and Investigation 3. Ghotki Feeder 3. Western Sind 3. Inundation 3. Director Designs 4. Nara Canal 4. Baghar 4. Director Hyd. and Research 5. Mechanical 5. P. Dir. SCARP Khairpur 6. Head Works 6. P. Dir. SCARP North Rohri 7. Director Regulation 8. Saifullah Megsi Canal

Divisions Divisions Divisions Divisions 1. Mechanical Division 1. Barrage Division 1. Thatta Drainage 1. Bridge. Division 2. Gudu Barrage Division 2. Irrigation East 2. Lower Sind Drainage 2. River Training Division 3. Kandhkot Division 3. Irrigation West 3. Feeder Division 3. Field lrr. Division No. 1 4. Begari Desert Feeder 4. Rohri Division 4. Sujawvl Drainage 4. Field lrr. Division No. 2 5. Begari Sind Feeder 5. Nusrat Division 5. FuleliUanal 5. Design Division 6. Sukkur Begarl Bund 6. Nasir Division 6. Lined Channel 6. Asstt: Director Design I 7. Ghotki Division 7. Hala Division 7. Main Line Division 7. Asstt: Director Design II 8. Mirpur Division 8. Dad Division 8. Pinyari Division 8. Research Division 9. Rice Canal Division 9. Remocelling Division 9. Indus River Commission 10. Warah Division 10. Kotri ElarrageDivision 10. Drainage Division 11. Dadu North Division 11. Link Canal KB Feeder 11. Workshop Division 12. Dadu South Division 12. Thatta Division 12. T/W Distribution Division 13. Kirther Division 13. T/W Operation Division 14. Upper Sind Mech. 15. Lower Sind Mech. 16. Central Sind Mech. 17. Mech. Store Division 18. Saifullah Megsi Division 19. Regulation Division 20. Discharge Observation 21. Thar Division 22. Mithrao Division 23. Northern Jamrao Division 24. Shadad Kot Division

World Bank -23149

85 PAKISTAN IRRIGATION SYSTEMSREHABILITATION PROJECT Organization Chart: NWFP's Department of Irrigation

Provincial 1 Project Coordinator Secretary

| Chief Engineer

Superintendeing Engineer Superintending Engineer Director Planning Superintending Engineer Superintending Engineer Northern Irrigation Circle Central Irrigation Circle Design and Hydrology Southern Irrigation Circle Development Irrigation Circle Mardan Peshawar Peshawar Bannu Peshawar

1. Xen* Swabi Division 1. Xen PeshawarCanal 1. Xen Paharpur Division 1. Xen Kohat Division Swabi Division, Peshawar D.l. Khan Kohat

2. Xen Malakand Division 2. Xen WarsakCanal 2. Xen Bannu Canal 2. Xen Hydrology Division Malakand Division Peshawar Division Bannu Peshawar

3. Xen Hazara Division 3. Xen Mechanical 3. Xen Marwat Canal 3. Xen Malakand Project Abbottabad division Peshawar Division Bannu Division, Mingora

4. Xen Mardan Division 4. Xen Remodelling 4. Xen Chitral Division Mardan Division D.l. Khan Chitral

* Executive Engineer

Co rD World Bank - 23150

F-I PAKISTAN IRRIGATION SYSTEMSREHABILITATION PROJECT OrganizationChart: Baluchistan'sDepartment of Irrigation and Power

Piovincial Project Coordinator Secretary

Chief Eng.neer 3[ Deputy Secretary

Superintending Engineer Superintending Engineer Superintending Engineer Superintending Engineer Superintending 'ngineer Makran Circle Kalat Circle Sibi Circle Electric and Mechanical Circle Quetta Circle Gawadar Khuzdar Sibi Quetta Quetta

| 1 GawadarXens Division 1| 1. Xen Uthal Divition 1 1 Xen Kohlu Division 1[ 1 Xen Water Suppy [ 1. Xen-Loralai Division COta,U' tidVdUdi 2. Xen Khuzdar Division 2. Xen Jhat Pat Division 2. Xen Turbat Division Khuzdar 2. Xen Electrical Division 2. Xen Zhob Division 3. Xen Sibi Division Quetta Zhob 3. Xen Mastung Division 4. Xen Kachhi Division 3. Xen Quetta Division Dhadhar Quetta

Executive Engineer rt

World Bank 231351

IBRD 1591WR

' wtioiLmEMss loot 5< 7 0J ; j ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~P A K I S T A N _ -- ) \ ~N Fr~ectirrrgotIRRIGATION SYSTEMS REHABILITATION PROJECT

\{' PCooct16g.t- W.,k.h.p, 1 l s ord-7D Reseroor s * D strict Hoodquorters _ \- n-L,.kC.- -- Bortogot/Heodworks and R-sercoi-s CS, Pio-in-il H-edsoortocs -\=--Irrigotioc Cotols-. Flood Emoc-koents, - - Notioo Co t

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