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Rodentia, Cricetidae) in the Southern Central Andes

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Rodentia, Cricetidae) in the Southern Central Andes Mamm Res (2015) 60:61–69 DOI 10.1007/s13364-014-0200-2 ORIGINAL PAPER A cytogenetic, molecular genetic and morphological study of Patagonian chinchilla mice Euneomys (Rodentia, Cricetidae) in the Southern Central Andes Agustina A. Ojeda & Agustina Novillo & Ramiro J. A. Ovejero & Pablo A. Cuello & Cecilia Lanzone & Alex V. Borisenko & Janet K. Braun & Michael A. Mares & Ricardo A. Ojeda Received: 24 January 2014 /Accepted: 8 October 2014 /Published online: 24 October 2014 # Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Białowieża, Poland 2014 Abstract Euneomys is a genus of sigmodontine rodent en- specimens with 2n=34 and the other one with specimens with demic to South America, distributed along the Andes of 2n=36, which are separated by a range of 0.7 to 1.2 % Argentina and Chile and in adjoining Patagonian steppe. Here, sequence divergence. Individuals from the two clades also we studied specimens of Euneomys from different localities in show some morphological differences. Significant difference the Central Andes, Mendoza Province, Argentina. Karyotypic in the length of ear was found between the specimens with 2n analyses confirm the presence of a new karyomorph of =34 and 36, and qualitative differences in the shape of the Euneomys chinchilloides, the form 2n=34, FN=62–64. This incisive foramen, the palate, and the palatine fossa were new karyomorph differs from the form E. chinchilloides with observed. The modification on fundamental and diploid num- 2n=36, FN=64–66. The chromosome complement with 2n= ber that we found between the two karyomorphs of 36 has an extra pair of small acro-telocentric chromosomes E. chinchilloides can be the result of tandem chromosome that is not present in individuals with 2n=34. We also found fusion; such rearrangements are strongly negatively heterotic small differences in molecular analyses with the mitochondri- and lead to reproductive isolation between differentiated pop- al COI gene. We recovered two monophyletic clades, one with ulations. Thus, the integrated cytogenetic, molecular, and morphologic analyses show concordant differentiation be- Communicated by: Jeremy Herman tween the two karyomorph types of the uncommon E. chinchilloides from the Southern Central Andes of Argen- Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13364-014-0200-2) contains supplementary material, tina. The evidence presented here might reflect a recent and/or which is available to authorized users. incipient allopatric speciation event. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the taxonomic and distributional status of A. A. Ojeda (*) : A. Novillo : R. J. A. Ovejero : P. A. Cuello : C. Lanzone : R. A. Ojeda species of Euneomys. Grupo de Investigaciones de la Biodiversidad (GIB), Instituto Argentino de Zonas Áridas (IADIZA), CONICET. Centro de Ciencia . y Técnica Mendoza (CCT Mendoza), Avenida Ruiz Leal s/n Parque Keywords Argentina Biogeography Euneomys CC 507, CP 5500 General San Martín, Mendoza, Argentina chinchilloides . COI . Cytogenetics . Systematics e-mail: [email protected] A. V. Borisenko Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, Introduction Ontario, Canada Cricetids of the subfamily Sigmodontinae (Reig 1981) are the J. K. Braun : M. A. Mares Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, University of most speciose group of rodents in the New World, with 74 Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA genera and 380 species arranged into nine tribes (Musser and Carleton 2005;D’Elía et al. 2007); however, the taxonomic C. Lanzone affinities of several genera are under debate. This is true for Laboratorio de Genética Evolutiva, FCEQyN, IBS, UNaM-CONICET, Félix de Azara 1552,, CPA N3300LQF, Posadas, the genus Euneomys Coues (1874), placed in the tribe Misiones, Argentina Reithrodontini by Musser and Carleton (2005), but treated 62 Mamm Res (2015) 60:61–69 as Sigmodontinae incertae sedis by others (Smith and Patton ranges of some species of Euneomys (Ojeda et al. 2005; 1999;D’Elía 2003;D’Elía et al. 2007; Salazar-Bravo et al. Pardiñas et al. 2010; Lessa et al. 2010). Additional specimens 2013). Euneomys is endemic to South America and is distrib- of E. mordax were reported from Malargüe, Mendoza Prov- uted along the Andes of Argentina and Chile and in adjoining ince, Argentina, and a new karyomorph (2n=34,FN=62)was Patagonian steppe areas, at elevations ranging from 1800– reported in three specimens from Valle Hermoso, Malargüe, 3000 m above sea level. Although authors have reviewed Mendoza Province, Argentina (Ojeda et al. 2005). Although the taxonomy and systematics of the genus, “relatively few E. chinchilloides originally was known from Tierra del Fuego, specimens exist to substantiate the specific taxonomy and Chile, additional distributional records have reported the spe- distribution of the genus” (Musser and Carleton 2005:1114). cies from Paso Pino Hachado, Neuquén, Argentina (Reise and Six additional named forms have been described [fossor Gallardo 1990) and Copahué, Argentina (70 km N Paso Pino Thomas (1899); petersoni Allen (1903); mordax Thomas Hachado, Neuquén, between 1600 and 2100 m; Pearson and (1912); ultimus Thomas (1916); dabbeni Thomas (1919); Christie 1991; Lessa et al. 2010). The distribution of noei Mann (1944)], and their nomenclatural status has varied E. chinchilloides is currently known to extend northward to over time. Of the four currently recognized species (Euneomys Laguna de la Niña Encantada (35° 10′ S, Mendoza Province) chinchilloides, Euneomys fossor, Euneomys mordax, (Massoia et al. 1994; Pardiñas et al. 2008) and to Parque Euneomys petersoni; Musser and Carleton 2005), E. mordax Provincial Aconcagua, Mendoza (32° 48′ 55.92″ S, 69° 56′ and Euneomys noei (this last included as synonym of 28.60″ W, 2922 m) (Pardiñas et al. 2010). Recently, phylogeo- E. mordax) were described from the Central Andes of Argen- graphic studies of several individuals of E. chinchilloides from tina and Chile. Patagonia found genetic differentiation between samples from Thomas (1901) first validated the generic status of Tierra del Fuego and southern Patagonia and samples from Euneomys and later described E. mordax (1912) from “Fort central-northern Patagonia and Mendoza (Lessa et al. 2010). San Rafael, Province of Mendoza” basedonaspecimencol- Recent collecting efforts in Mendoza Province in the year lected by T. Bridges. The location of the type locality was 2000, as well as earlier survey work on the mammals of clarified by Pearson and Lagiglia (1992), who made a historical Argentina by international research teams from 1990–1995, reconstruction of the trips by T. Bridges between Fort San have yielded a new material that has permitted us to update the Rafael and Talca, Chile, and restricted the type locality to the cytogenetic, taxonomic, and distributional status of species of region near the Volcán Peteroa, Malargüe Department, Euneomys in this general region and perform brief molecular Mendoza Province, Argentina. Mann (1944) described E. noei, and morphological comparisons with other representatives of from “Valle de la Junta, Cajón del Río Volcán, a 2.400 m. de Euneomys in this area. altura” in Chile, based on body size and cranial differences from E. chinchilloides and five other named forms. Hershkovitz (1962) reviewed the genus and questioned the validity of E. mordax suggesting that it “may prove to be no Material and methods more than a subspecies of E. chinchilloides.” Pine et al. (1978, 1979) demonstrated that there were at least two species or Specimens examined and study sites species groups in the genus based on dental characterization. Yañez et al. (1987) synonymized all named forms of We studied specimens of the genus Euneomys from different Euneomys into E. chinchilloides based on morphological localities in the Central Andes, Mendoza Province, Argentina characters. Subsequently, Reise and Gallardo (1990)de- (Fig. 1) and included measurements from topotypic animals scribed the karyotype of E. mordax (2n=42, FN=66; Paso from Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. Some specimens were Pino Hachado, Chile) and E. chinchilloides (2n=36, FN=66; snap-trapped with museum special traps; others were live- Bariloche, Argentina and Coihaique, Chile) from Argentina trapped using Sherman traps. Animals were prepared follow- and southern mainland Chile, concluding that both species are ing standard procedures, and tissues were preserved in 96 % valid and proposed that E. chinchilloides is a polytypic species ethanol or frozen. All voucher specimens, tissue samples, and composed of three subspecies (chinchilloides, noei,and cell suspensions are housed in the Mammal Collection of the petersoni), which have qualitative, quantitative, and ecologi- Instituto Argentino de Zonas Áridas (CMI)-(IADIZA), CCT cal differences. The karyotype of E. chinchilloides from the Mendoza-CONICET, Argentina; the Mammal Collection of type locality in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina, was later found to the Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History differ in fundamental number (2n=36, FN=68) from the (OMNH); and the Oklahoma Collection of Genomic Re- specimens studied by Reise and Gallardo (1990)(Lizarralde sources (OCGR) (Appendix Supplementary Material). Ani- et al. 1994). mals collected during this study were handled following the Over the last two decades, new records from the Central procedures recommended by the American Society of Mam- Andes in Argentina have expanded the known distributional malogists (Sikes et al. 2011). Mamm Res (2015)
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