PASSION OF SAINT ONESIMUS OF COLOSSAEl

BHG 1377c.

C R G L. S Department of History, University of Washington Seattle.

Onesimus , the runaway Phrygian slave converted to by St. Paul, is one the more intriguing characters de- picted in the and yet, for the most part, has remained an enigma to historical inquiry. For, although the general course his turbuJent early life can be reconstructed from PauJ's Let.ter to Phil- emon (ca. 60),2little is known about his later years and stiJlless con-

1. The following abbreviations have been used this article: AASS = Acta SanctoI·um...col!egit J. Bollandus cet., Jan (Antwerp: 1643)- (Brussels: 1925). BHG = Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca3 , ed. F. Halkin, 3 vols. (Brussels: 1957) [Subsidia Hagiographica, 8a]. Ehrhard = Ehrhard, Oberlieferung und Bestand der hagiographischen und homiletischen Literatur der gI'iechischen Kirche (Jon bis zum Ende des 16. JahrhundeI·ts, 3 vols. (Leipzig: 1937-1952) [Texte und Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der altchI'istlichen Literatur, 50-52]. PG Patrologia Graeca, ed. J. Migne, 162 vols. (Paris: 1857-1866). Patrologia OI'ientalis, ed. R. Graffin and F. Nau (Paris: 1907-). PW Paulys der classischen Altel·tumswissenschaft, ed. G. Wissowa, and W. Kroll (Stuttgart: 1893·). 2. Basic studies Onesimus and the Letter to include: Dibe- lius and Greeven, die Kolosser, Epheser, Phile,non. 3d ed. 1953); L. Jang, Der Philelnonbrief mit dem theologischen Denken des Apostels Paulus, [Unpublished Dissertation] 1964); J. Lightfoot St. Paul's the Colossians Philemon, 4th ed. (London: 1892); Lohmeyer, Die Briefe die Philipper, die Kolosser und Philemon. 13th ed. (Gottingen: 1964); Lohse, Colossians and Philemon, trans. W. Poehlmann and R. Karris 1971); C. F. Moule, Epistles of Paul to (London: 1957); and R. Vincent, Epistles to Philippians and to 5th ed. (Edinburgh: 1955). 350 Craig L. cerning the circumstances his death.3 Nonetheless, Onesjmu8 did figure prominently in the ecclesiastical and hagiographicel tradit.ion8 early Christia.nity,4 while his cultus seems to have enjoyed some promine.nce during the Middle Ages. 6 The text presented here, entitled

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Onesimus was the slave Philemon, an earlier convert Pau1 8 and a prominent member the Christian community at Col08sae.' It appears that Onesimus wronged his master in some waylO and sub- sequently fled to where he met PauI.l1 Under Paul's jnf]uence

3. What evidence does remain is contradictory and limited historical Much the confusion surrounding Onesimus' later can be attributed the popularity the name (meaning «useful, beneficia1>,) among later Christians. See BHG 2:155 and PW 4. survey these traditions can be found Feb. 11 (1735): 855-859. 5. It is surprising that St. Onesimus, as a celebrated New Testament figure and patron servants and slaves, was venerated many areas Europe and the Near East. Such veneration was especially strong . Constan- tself possessed two churches the Saint, as well a most cherished relic: the hand Onesimlls. See Anthony Novgorod, Le Lipre du pe- lerin=B. de Khitrowo, trans., Itineraires russes en Orient (Geneva: 1889), 106; Constantine Porphyrogenitus, De ceremoniis byzantinae 1.26 Vogt, ed. and trans., Constantin VII Porphyrogenete: Le LiIlre des Ceremoni

12. Philem. 10. 13. Philem. 10-13, 16, 17. cf. Col. 4:9. 14. Legal, as well as mora1 considerations may have prompted Pau1's deci- sion. See Co1eman-Norton, «The Apost1e Pau1 and the Roman Law of Slavery,» Studies in Economic HistOJOY in Honor C. Thomson (Prince- ton: 1951), 155-177; Goodenough, «Paul and Onesimus,» Review 22 (1929), 181-183; Roberti, di S. Filemone e condizione schiavo luggitivo (Milan: 1933); and Verdam, «St Paul et un serf fugitif (Etude sur' l' ep1tre iJ. Phi1emon et 1e droit),» Symbolae Jus et Historiam Pertinentes Julio Christiano Oven (Leiden: 1946), 211-230. 15. was a c10se associate of Pau1 and a well-kno,vn Christian native of Asia Minor. cf. Acts 20:4, Eph. 6:21, Col. 4:7, 2 Tim. 4:12 and Tit. 3:12. 16. How long a time e1apsed between Onesimus' flight from Co1ossae and his reunion with Philemon cannot be determined, since (Philem. 15) is a re1ative expression of time. 17. 82=F.X. Funk, ed., et Constitutiones Apostolorum, 2 vo1s. (Paderborn: 1905), 1: 589-590; Theodoret of Cyrrhus, Inter- Philemonem, vers. 14=PG 82:876; Jerome, Epistula philum 6= J. Labourt, ed. and trans., Jerome: Lettres, 8 vols. (Paris: 1949- 1963), 4:118. 18. See note 4 above. 19. Constitutiones 7.46=Fun1{, cit., 1:453-454. 20. SS. et Rebeccae = M.R. James, ed., crypha 2 vo1s. (Cambridge, Eng·a1nd: 1893 [Texts Studies 3), 1: 58-85. Cf. BHG 2:316 (1877). A1so, see AASS, Sept. (1867): 535-536. 21. Ado of Ma/'tyroLogium, 16 Feb. = Quentin, Les historiques du moyen dge (Paris: 1908), 595-596; Usuard of Paris, 16 Feb. = J. Dubois, Le d' (Brusse1s: 1965) [Subsidia graphica, 40}, 181-182; Martyrologium 16 Feb. = Propylaeum ad Sanctorum Decembris (Brusse1s: 1940), 65. 352 Craig L. Ha.nson at Colossae under Nero,22 at Rome under ,2S and martyr at Puteoli under (

11. EVOLUTION OF PUTEOLI TRADITION Our earliest reference to Onesimus' martyrdom comes from the deacon Eutha1ius (fl. ca. 400),26 who his prologue to the Pauline tles states:

It should be noted that this account is by means historically secure. Evidence for a of Rome urbi) .named Tertullus is lack- ing,21 and only Eut.halius among numerous patristic sources reports that Onesimus was martyred.28 Thus, in the absence of· firm historical the statement of Euthalius must be accepted with caution. The following excerpt from the for 15 February (which faithfully abbreviates the extant demonstrates the dependence of the Puteoli tradition upon this

22. Synaxarium Constantinopolitanae 23 = Propylaeum ad Acta Sanctorum NOrJembris (Brussels: 1902), cols. 247-248. Properly speaking, this tradition belongs to Pllilemon, Appllia and Arcllippus, since Onesimus is mentioned few the extant texts, and then the title. cf. BHG 3:11 (2039, 2040). 23. See note 21 above. 24. Synaxarium Ecclesiae Constantinopolitanae 15 Feb. = Propylaeum... NOrJembris, cols. 465-467. Altllough accounts within the Puteoli tra- dition (including the Passio presented here) provide an actual chronological for this martyrdom, the assertion by George Cedrenus (Historiarum eompendium = PG 121:469) and Nicephorus Callistus (Historia 3.11=PG 145:920) that Onesimus was martyred under Domitian may derive from a common source. 25. Euthalius and his work, see L. C. Willard, Critical Study Eu- thalian [Unpublished Dissertation] (New Haven, Conn.: 1970). 26. PG 85:705. cf. Willard, cit., 19, 202. This statement found a slightly altered form the Euthalian to the Letter to Philemon 85:788) and the writings Oecumenius Tricca (PG 119:261). 27. See G. Vitucci, Ricerche sulla Urbi imperiale (sec. (Rome: 1956), 115-117 (late first and early second centuries). 28. Nor does the name Onesimus appear early Christian calendars and mar· tyrologies, such as the Depositio episcoporum and the Depositio martyrum (ca. 354) the Roman Chronographer, the BrerJiarium (ca. 400), and the so-called Martyrologium Hieronymianum (ca. 450). Note that the Latin tradition Ado and Usuard ultimately derives from Euthalius, while Onesimus' connection with the Colossae tradition is tenuous at best. The Passion of Saint Onesimus of Colossae 353

Euthalian account: '" ['0\

-, ,. 1

both texts Onesimus' death is said to have resulted from his legs being broken and is described as prefect of Rome. AIso, it can be that the two texts differ significantly only in their geograph- ical setting for Onesimus' execution. The question then arises: why the difference in setting? The answer is found in the of SS. Alphius, Philadelphus and Cyrinus,30 where the martyrdom another Onesimus (Onesimus Leontinis) at Puteoli is reported. According to this source, the brothers Alphius, Philadelphus and Cyrinus, having been instructed t.he Chris- tian faith by Onesimus Leontinis, were arrested with him the perse- cution alerian (258-260), brought to Rome and there tortured. From Rome they were conducted to Puteoli where Onesimus was executed at the order the prefect Diomedes.31 The three brothers were subsequent- ly transferred to Sicily where they were again tortured and finally mar- tyred under Tertullus, the governor of Sicily. It is notdifficult to how this «Leontinian» tradition might be identified with that Eutha- lius and how a medieval hagiographer intent composing a fitting homage to Onesimus of Colossae could have incorporated elements both into his work. The St. Onesimus clearly reflects such a oonf1ation of traditions.

DESCRIPTION OF

The original text of the was composed sometime between 700 and 850.32 Although the work is attributed to Eusebius of Caesarea

29. Propylaeum...No"embr'is, cols. 465-467. 30. AASS, May (1738): 772-788. cf. 1:19 (57). Also, see AASS, Jnly (1749); 175-176. 31. SS. Alphii, Philadelphi et Cyrini 10. 32. The S. Onesimi itself provides us with information this regard. HO'tvever, since the SS. Alphii, Philadelphi et Cyrini was written around 700 (AASS, May 11, 502) and the earliest manuscript containing the may well date from the ninth century (Ehrhard: 3:734), a general chron- oIogical setting for the composition of this text can be established.

2. 23 354 Craig L. Hanson in of the manuscripts the author is unknown.33 the lateelev- enth or the twelfth century this martyrdom account, which by now had found its way into the aild of the Near Eastern churches34 and the Byzantine imperial court,36 was revised and "up- dated" by an anonymous editor.36 The alterations involved were for t.he most part cosmetic37 and unlike those which characterized the One- simus of the imperial menologies. 36 The S. Onesimi, in its original and versions, is preserved in the followi.ng manuscripts:3e

33. See line 4, (var.): Eusebius does mention Onesimus, bishop of Ephesus, his .(3.36),and this might have prompted the scribe to assign the to him. 34. See R. Bedjan, ed., et 7 vo!s. (Paris: 1890-1897), 4:18-3'1 [Syriac trans!ation the S, Onesimi, BHG G. Bayan, ed, and trans., Le armenien de Ter 21: 50-51; R, Basset, ed. and trans" Le 11:839-841; For- get, ed. and trans., Corpus Scriptorum. norum Scriptores 12:506-507; and Budge, trans., Book the Ethiopic , 4 vo!s. (Cambridge, Eng!and: 1928)., 2: 645-646. A!so, see Peeters, ed. and trans., «Le martYI'O!oge de Rabban Sliba,» 27 (1908), 175; F. Nau, ed. and trans., Un douze menologes 10:72, 74, 119; G. Garitte, ed. and trans., Le dI'ier du Sinaiticus 34, Xe siecle (Brusse!s: 1958) 30], 50; de Fenoy!, ed. and trans., Le copte (Beirut: 1960), 125; and F. ed. and trans., schen Christen (Gotha: 1879), 310. 35. See V. Latyshev, ed., Menologii super- sunt, 2 vo!s. (St. Petersburg: 1911-1912), 1:79-83 (BHG 1377d); and Doul{akis, ed., ... , 12 vo!s. (Athens: 1889-1897), 2:258- 261 (BHG 1377). These two meno!og'ies (which have designated and were composed fO!' the Emperor Michae! (1034-1041). AJso, see PG 117:313 for the Menologium lJ (ca. 1000). '. 36. Since imperia! meno!ogies and are c!ear!y based the origina! text the S. Onesimi and ear!iest manuscripts fO!' the «l'evised" vel'sion the (AL) are twe!fth century, it is !ike!y that the revisions question date from the !ate e!eventh the twelfth centu1'Y. 37. These revisions consis t of simp!e changes word ordel" the e!imination of superfluous w01'ds and phrases, the clarification of difficult COI'I'Upt passages, and the replacement of archaic exotic vocabulary by more common words. 38. See note 35 above. 39. addition to those manuscripts listed below, which have been used for the present edition, four other codices should be mentioned. Three of these have independent va!ue, while the last is missing. They are: Vaticanus Ottobonianus graecus 92 (saec. xvi), fols. 170v-175r. The Passion Saint Onesimus Co]ossae 355

Original Version the Text Athonensis Cutlumusii 38 (saec. ix fols. 186r-190v. - Hierosolymitanus sancti Sepu1chri 1 (saec. in the Li· brary of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate,41 fols.

Pa.risinus graecus 1452 (saec. fols. 128v-131v. V Vindobonensis historicus graecus 3 (saec. xi, xv),43 fols. 145v-150r.

Version the Text - Atheniensis 989 (saec. fols. 20r-24r.

Athonensis Xeropotami 135 (saec. fo]s. 2491'-2531'. Athonensis Iberorum 423 (saec. fo]s. 631'-661'. Constantinopolitanus monasterii sanctae Trinitatis Chalcensis 95 (saec. formerly in the Library of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate, now missing, fo]s.

See Ehrhard 1: 571, 3:48-50, 3:53-54, and 1:573-575. 40. S. Lambros, Catalogue oj the Greek Manuscripts Mount Atlzos, 2 (Cambridge, Eng]and: 1895-1900), 1:278; Ehrhard 3:734-735. 41. Papadopou]os-Kerameus,

5 (St. Petersburg: 1891- 1915), 1:1-8; Ehrhard 1:567-570. 42. Omont, somInaire des manuscrits grecs de Bibliotheque 4 (Paris: 1886-1888), 2:46-47; Omont, et al., Catalogus hagiographicorum bibliothecae nationalis Parisiensis (Brusse]s: 1896) [Subsidia giographica, 5], 118-121; F. Manuscrits grecs de Paris: ha- giogI'aphique (Brusse]s: 1968) [Subsidia agiographica, 44], 161-162; Ehrhard 1:577-580. 43. Hunger, I(atalog deI' griechischen HandschI'ijten der (jsteI-reichischen tionalbibliothek, 2 (Vienna: 1961), 1:2-4; C. Van de VOI'St and De]ehaye, Catalogus codicum hagiogI'aphicoI'um graecorum Germaniae Belgii Angliae (Brus- se]s: 1913) {Subsidia HagiogI'aphica, '13], 38-42; Ehrhard 1: 570-573. The great· of this codex, fo]s. and has been dated the century. The section 1371'-151 which contains the text question, is a ]ater ad- by an anonYlllOUS scribe and has been dated the fifteen th century. Since the break the codex occurs the midst of a se]ection, (fols. this fifteenth century «addition» was probab]y prompted by damage the century 1371'- Thus, the Onesimus text appears to be a direct copy from the ginal century account. . 44. J. and (Athens: 1892), 177-178; Ehrhard 2:644-645. Cf. BHG 2:155 (1377c). 356 Hanson

L - Londiniensis Musei Brittanici additionalis 36589 (saec. xii),46 fols. 121v-124r. - Meteoris Barlaami 150 (saec. xvi),46 fols. 141r-144v. • The St. Onesimus belongs to the literary genre les epiques 47 and as such, exhibits the strengths and weak- nesses historical fiction as written by medieval hagiographers. The story itself lacks the simple vitality and vivid realism the authentic while betraying too clearly the historical ignorance and rhetorical excesses its author. Onesimus, the humble slave and Paul, i8 transformed into an abstract model Christian piety. similar fashion, the prefect Tertullu8 becomes the ,insane an.d bloodthirsty representative paganism. The author's color- le8s portrayal Onesimus' comrades, Papias and RomulUS,4D and his unrealistic depiction the martyr's interrogation and also de- tract from the story's effectiveness. Even the offers much interest to the reader. The author's Pauline imagery should be noted,60 as should the appearance various hagiographical motifs common to les Apparent inconsistencies in the story line, which point to an imperfect union the Euthalian and

45. Richard, des manuscrits grecs du Jl1useum: Fonds Sloane, Egerton, Cottonian Stowe (Paris: 1952), 63-64; C. Van. de Vorst and De!ehaye, cit., 273-275; Delehaye, «Notes sur un manus- cl'it grec du musee Analecta Bollandiana 25 (1906), 495-502; Ehrhard 3: 78·80. 46. Ehrhard 3:83-84. 47. See the discussion by De!ehaye Les des ·les gen- res litteraires (Brusse!s: 1921) [Subsidia 13b}, 236-315. 48. Principa! editions of the historica! acta martyrum inc!ude: Geb- hardt, Acta martyrum selecta (Berlin: 1902); G. Lazzati, Gli s"iluppi della letteratu- sui maI'tiri primi quattro secoli (Turin: 1956); Musurillo, Acts Martyrs (Oxford: 1972); and R. Knopf, Martyrerakten, 4th ed. by G. Ruhbach 1965). 49. Indeed, of these characteI'S eventually drops out of the See !ine 191. 50. The more extensive of these borrowings have been cited the critica!

Leontinian traditions, likewise merit special attention. 62 However, the ontstanding feature the martyrdom account is the disconrse and ex- hortation by Onesimns during his initial interrogation Rome. After confessing his Christian faith before Tertnllns, Onesimns lannches into an impressive and lengthy denunciation the lurking evils his con- temporary world. 63 The use made simile, metaphor and personifica- tion this section is particularly striking. Onesimus devotes a great part his discourse to a condemnation Roman paganism and makes a number allusions to various Roman cults and cult practices. doubt, the author drew much his material for this "idolatry" section from the apologetic writings the Greek Fathers, especially Athana- sius and Clement. Onesimus concludes his eloquent defense by calling Tertullus to abandon his idols and sinful ways, and to follow the precepts the Christian God.

IV. NOTES EDITION

The following edition the S. Onesimi is based the manuscripts KHPV, which represent. the earliest version the text. The critical apparatus consists three parts and contains: 1. references quoted biblical sources. 2. variants found KHPV. 3. variants found ALM. Whenever possible, have followed the general scheme punctuation found the manuscripts. Modern spelling has been adopted, which has involved the tacit correction obvious itacisms and accentual errors (particularly enclitics), the division words, and the addi- the iota subscript.

52. The most obvious of these concerns the intended geographica! setting for the narrative. The introductory statements designate Rome as the site of Onesimus' triumph over the forees of However, it is PuteoIi which emerges as the cuJmi- nating scene of this confrontation, with TertulIus once again presiding over the interrogation and torture. 53. The subject of worJdJy eviJs was popuJar the writings earJy Christian apoJogists and theoJogians, and served as admira.b!e ,dilIer» materia! for the medie- va! hagiographer. The discourse attributed to Onesimus this text concerns the adultery, covetollsness, sorcery, arrogance, envy, reviIement, hypocrisy, . smalImindedness, wrath, drunkenness, ido!atry and inso!ence. cf. Mt. 15:19-20; Rom. 1:29-31: GaI. 5:19-21; CoI. 3:5, 8; Didache 5.1; 20.1; and Constitu- tiones apostolorum 7.18. 358 Craig L. Hanson

5 1.

,

10 •

9/11 - Eph. 6:14.

1 praemittunt 2 + 2 < 2 + 3 + 4 < 4 + + +

5 7 7 8 KHV. 9 post

1 ALM, (i.e. praemittit 2 < 4 + 4 < AL, 5 ALM. 6/7 ALM. 9 ALM. 11 < ALM. The Passion of Saint Onesimus of Colossae 359

15

20

2.

12 < 12/13 + 14 < 15 < 15 post 15 16 16 17 17 < 17/18 - 18 + 20/21 - 21 23 23 24 i. m.

12 - ALM. 13 ,...., post ALM. 15 ,....., post ALM. 16 ALM. 17 ALM. 17 < ALM. 17 17/18 - ALM. 20/21 - ALM. 21 AL, 23 < ALM. 24 post ALM. 360 Craig L. Hanson

25

30

35

3.

25 28 + 29 < V. 30 PV. 31 < 31 - 32 32 32/33 33 34 + 34 34 35 37 < 37/38 - <

25 ALM. 25 LM. 26 < ALM. 27 ALM. 29 L, < 31 " ,...., post AL,,...., post 32 ,...., post ALM. 32/33 LM. 34 ALM. 34 ALM. 35 ALM. 35 - ] < ALM. The Passion of Saint Onesimus of Colossae 361

40

45

50

, tv

46/54 - Philem. 10-16 (cuius textus aliquot locis differt).

38 < 39 < 39 + PV. 40 < 40/41 43 KHV. 43 - 48 ] 48 52 + PV. 53 - i. m. V. 53 <1>c;;2] <

38 post ALM. 40 < AL. 42 ALM. 44 ALM. 48 48 < LM. 48/49 post ALM. 52 LM. 53 ALM. 53 < LM. 362 Cra ig L. Hanson

55

.

60

naeovulq. uvvovdtq.

65 4.

55 v. 56 56 57 V. 58 youv] 60 < 62/63 -

55 < ALM. 55 < LM. 56 ALM. 56 ALM, 57 yocp] < ALM. 57 post ALM. 60 < ALM. 62/63 _

ALM. 6q, ALM. 66 < ALM. 66/160 - < L. 67 67 < 68 + The Pa ssion of Saint Onesirnus of Colossae 363

70

((

75

((

80

85 5.

81/83 • Pet. 1:18-19.

70 70 + V, 71 < secundurn HPV incerta. 72 + V, 72 81 82 V.

70 + 72 + 73 + 75/77 - < 79 - < 79 + 81 82 + 83 < 83 + 364 Craig L. Hanson

90

\ \ 6 .), 95

100

87 88 89 90 PV. 91 < V. 92 + 93 V. 95 - < 96 99 + V. 99 + V. 101 V.

87 87 89 92 92 93 95 95 99 100 < 102 The Paisson Saint Onesirnus of Co]ossae 865

105

110 dyvotg.

115

104 r-J post 104 108 + V. 109 + V. 110 110 + V. 110 V. 113 113 113 113 114 115 115 +

104 r-J pos t 104 1 ] 104 < 105 • < 110 110 111 111 < 112

112 r-J post 113 .... . < 115 115 366 Craig L. Hanson

120

125 a.

130

117/118 - < 120 121 V. 121 < 122 122 123 123 127 < 128/129 129 132

117 117/118 + 118 118 119/120 . - < 121 121 121 < 123 123 125/129 - < 129 + 130/131 131/132 + The Passion of Saint Onesimus of Colossae 367

. " J.35 .

..

140 ; , . ',6.

.

145

136/137 - J cf. Gen. 1 :26, 27.

133 134 < 134 138 140 144 < 144 J 145 V. 146 V. 148

133 pos t 134 135 136 < 139 144 < 144 144 < 144 145 146 . 147 + 148 368 Craig L. Hanson

150

155

149 < 150/153 - < 151 < 151 < 152 < 152 s. 1. V. 152 < 153 154 < 154 V. 155/156 secundum 156 < 157 < 158/159 159 + V. 159 < V. 159 + V.

150 + 151 < 151 < 151 152 < 153 < 154 < 154/155 - i. m. 154; 155 155/156 156 '" 'post 157 The Passion Saint Onesimus Colossae 369

160

7,

165

170

160 - Tim. 2:4, Tim. 3:7.

160 ,..., post 160 + 161 < 161 163/164 HV. '165 < 165/174 - < V. 165 ,..., post 165/166 166 < 167 167 167 < 168 + 168/169 170 + 171 +

160 ,..., post ALM. 161 < ALM. 162 ALM. 167/178 ALM. 168/169 AL. 169 + 171 ALM.

eEOAOrIA, 2. 24. 370 Craig L. Hanson

175

180

172 < 173 < 173 t] 176 176 177 177/178 - < 178 + 178 < 178 178/179 < V. 179 181 <

173 < ALM. 173 < ALM. 174 + LM. 174 + 175 < AL. 175 LM. 176 ALM. 176 < ALM. 177 + LM. 177 < ALM. 178 < ALM. 179 ALM. 181 ALM. 184 + LM. The Passion Saint Onesimus Cplossae 371

185

8.

190

195

200

185/186 - PI'OV. 17 :3, Sap. 3:6, Pet. 1:7, 1:15. 194 - Tim. 2:4, Tim. 3:7.

186 188 188 188/189 191 supplevi, inoel'ta. 198 198/199 199

186 ALM. 188 ALM. 188 ALM. 189 post ALM. 190 AL. 191 ALM. 193 < ALM. 193/194 ....., post ALM. 195 < ALM. 200 < ALM. 372 CrBig L. Hanson

205

210 ' ' < " , \

9.

215

201 + V. 201 202 + + v. 20q, 205 209 + 21 210 incertum, PV. 211 21q, Be] < ,..., post 215

20'1 201 post LM. 201 ALM. 204, (i.m. LM. 20q, ALM. 205 ALM. 210 ALM. 2'11 < LM. 211 + LM. < AL. 215 ALM. The Passion of Saint Onesimus Colossae 373

220

10. 225

217 - < 219/221 -

V. 220 + 221 < V. 221 + V. 221 ....., post ....., post V. 223 225 ....., post

216 ....., post LM. 216/217 - ALM. 217 < ALM. 218 ALM. 219 - < ALM. 219 ALM. 222 < ALM. 223 ALJ.V1. 223 ALM. 223 ALM. 224 ALM. 374 Craig L. Hanson

< vw

226 + 226 HV. 226/229 -

< 229

---_ .. _-- 226/229 -

< ALM.