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Five New Species of Nematanthus Schrad.(Gesneriaceae) from Eastern Brazil with a Revised Key to the Genus

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Five New Species of Nematanthus Schrad.(Gesneriaceae) from Eastern Brazil with a Revised Key to the Genus Selbyana 25(2): 210±224. 2005. FIVE NEW SPECIES OF NEMATANTHUS SCHRAD.(GESNERIACEAE) FROM EASTERN BRAZIL WITH A REVISED KEY TO THE GENUS ALAIN CHAUTEMS* Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques de la Ville de GeneÁve, C. P. 60, CH-1292 ChambeÂsy/GE Switzerland. Email: [email protected] THEREZA CRISTINA COSTA LOPES Dep. BotaÃnica, Museu Nacional/UFRJ, Quinta da Boa Vista, SaÄo CristoÂvaÄo, 20949-040 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. MAURO PEIXOTO Estrada Miguel Martins 50, Caixa Postal 383, 08710-971 Mogi das Cruzes, SaÄo Paulo, Brazil. JOSIENE ROSSINI HerbaÂrio, Museu de Biologia Mello LeitaÄo, 29650-000 Santa Teresa, EspõÂrito Santo, Brazil. ABSTRACT. Five new Nematanthus species are described, mapped, and illustrated: N. albus Chautems; N. kautskyi Chautems & J.Rossini; N. punctatus Chautems; N. pycnophyllus Chautems, T.Lopes & M.Peixoto; and N. wiehleri Chautems & M.Peixoto. Their conservation status following IUCN criteria is given. Three species are melittophilous, adding a new pollination syndrome to the genus. The circumscription of Ne- matanthus therefore is rede®ned and includes 31 species. A revised key to the whole genus is provided. Key words/Palavras-chave: Brazil, Atlantic forest, pollination syndrome, species key, Nematanthus, Ges- neriaceae RESUMO. Cinco novas espeÂcies de Nematanthus saÄo descritas, mapeadas, e ilustradas: N. albus Chautems; N. kautskyi Chautems & J.Rossini; N. punctatus Chautems; N. pycnophyllus Chautems, T.Lopes & M.Peixoto; e N. wiehleri Chautems & M.Peixoto. O estatuto de conservacËaÄo e estabelecido seguindo os criteÂrios da UICN. TreÃs espeÂcies saÄo melito®las, adicionando uma nova sõÂndrome de polinizacËaÄo ao geÃnero. Nematanthus e assim rede®nido e inclui 31 espeÂcies. Uma chave de identi®cacËaÄo revisada para todas as espeÂcies do geÃnero e apresentada. INTRODUCTION troduction in cultivation, hybrids were obtained from crosses with several other Nematanthus The last revision of the genus Nematanthus species, suggesting a close relationship. An ad- (Chautems 1988) recognized 26 species inhab- ditional synapomorphy with Nematanthus and iting the coastal rain forest in Brazil commonly some related Episcieae genera was observed in known as ``mata atlaÃntica.'' All were character- examining fruit morphology. In the three melit- ized by epiphytic (sometimes lithophytic) habit tophilous species, the glistening mass of funicles and ornithophilous ¯owers with brightly colored and seeds is split in two parts that remain at- perianth. tached to the valves. In the typical ``display cap- In the course of revising Gesneriaceae for sule'' (Weber 2004), this mass forms a central several ¯oristic accounts in Brazil (Chautems cone separated from the placentas when the 1991a, 1991b, 1995, 1997, 2002; Chautems & valves curved back at maturity. Both situations Kiyama 2003; Chautems et al. 2000), ®ve new were observed in the remaining species of Ne- epiphytic species have been encountered. matanthus. Chromosomes were counted for one Among them, two could be immediately identi- of the white-¯owered species, and a number ®ed as undescribed Nematanthus. The other similar to other Nematanthus (n 5 8) was found. three species exhibited a melittophilous syn- drome, inferred from their large funnel-shaped Furthermore, recent molecular data show that white ¯owers. To establish their af®nities, fur- the three melittophilous taxa are clustered within ther investigations were needed. After their in- a clade containing all the other Nematanthus species (Loeuille 2004). This vast array of char- acters provides strong evidence that the three * Corresponding author species belong to this genus, and consequently 210 CHAUTEMS ET AL.: NEW NEMATANTHUS SPECIES 211 FIGURE 1. Distribution of Nematanthus albus, N. kautskyi, N. punctatus, N. pycnophyllus, and N. wiehleri in Brazil (PE 5 Pernambuco, BA 5 Bahia, ES 5 EspõÂrito Santo, MG 5 Minas Gerais, RJ 5 Rio de Janeiro). ®ve new species are described here. All of them Our descriptions are based on examination of are rare and grow in remnant patches of rain live material observed in the ®eld, in cultivated forest at 300±1100 m elevation. Among them, accessions, and in spirit-®xed and herbarium one species has a fairly large distribution along specimens deposited at the Geneva Conserva- the coast from EspõÂrito Santo to Pernambuco, toire et Jardin Botaniques (G) or in Brazilian or while the others are mostly restricted to one North American collections. Indument terminol- state: Rio de Janeiro, EspõÂrito Santo, or EspõÂrito ogy follows Hewson (1988). Santo and adjacent Minas Gerais (FIGURE 1). Taking into account the newly described taxa, Previously the genus was known to occur be- we provide an expanded description of the genus tween northern Rio Grande do Sul and southern and a revised key to its 31 taxa. Bahia (Chautems 1988). The recently found oc- currence in Pernambuco shifts northward by 600 NEW SPECIES km the overall genus distribution. Presently Ne- matanthus is known to occur between 308S and Nematanthus albus Chautems, sp. nov. TYPE: 88S, with its range practically covering the total BrazilÐEspõÂrito Santo, Mun. Santa Teresa, extension of the ``mata atlaÃntica.'' EstacËaÄo BioloÂgica de Santa LuÂcia, 650 m, 6 212SELBYANA Volume 25(2) 2005 Jan. 1999, L. Kollmann 1486 (Holotype: Entrada ca. 7.5 km de Jussari. Faz. Teimoso, MBML; Isotype: G). FIGURE 2. RPPN Serra do Teimoso, 21 Apr. 1999, A.M. Amorim et al. 2913 (CEPEC, NY); Mun. ItacareÂ, Planta fragrans trichomatibus capitatis tecta, laminae foliorum ovatae, nervis conspicuis, sepalis 15±25 mm on ramal of Embratel TV tower, 4 km from junc- longis, tubo et limbo corollae albis, fauce ¯avo-punc- tion with road to Itacare & 20 km from BR-101, tata lobis imaculatis ab omnibus congeneribus differt. Serra do Jacutinga, 31 Jan. 1978, C.E. Calderon 2462 (US); Vila da Pedra Branca, serra da Ji- Subshrub 0.3±0.8 m, epiphytic; the whole boia, estrada para a torre de TV, a¯oramento ro- plant fragrant, stem ascending or pendent, spar- choso, 158099180S, 398189070W, 580 m, 8 Mar. ingly branched, 4±8 mm diam., densely pilose 2001, J.G. Jardim et al. 3189 (CEPEC, NY); to villous in younger parts; internodes 1.5±5 cm. Mun. Boa Nova, Fazenda SaÄo JoseÂ, a 8.8 km de Leaves anisophyllous; petioles 3±5 mm (small Boa Nova na estrada para DaÂrio Meira, a 1.4 km ones) to 5±15 mm (larger ones), pale green; do ramal a esq., 148249140S, 408099160W, 850 m, blades 2.5±5 3 1.5±2 cm (small ones) to 6±10 7 Mar. 2003, S.C. Santana et al. 1071 (NY); 3 2±3.5 cm (large ones), ovate, ¯eshy, adaxially Mun. CamacaÄ, Estrada a Jacaraci, plantacËaÄo de green, densely pilose, with multicellular capitate cacau, 25 Jan. 1971, T.S. dos Santos 1419 (CE- trichomes, abaxially light green or often reddish, PEC, R); Mun. Itamaraju, Campo Alegre, estra- sparsely pilose, apex acute, base cuneate, margin da a Piraja, plantacËaÄo de cacau, 14 May 1971, subentire, 3±5 pairs of conspicuous lateral veins. T.S. dos Santos 1640 (CEPEC, R); Mun. Ibira- Flowers strongly fragrant, solitary, in upper leaf taia, Km 23 do ramal Ibirataia/Rod. BR-101, axils, non-resupinate, bracts 6±10 mm 3 2±3 Mata, 4 Apr. 1976, T.S. dos Santos 3092 (CE- mm, early caducous; pedicels 4±6 mm, pale PEC); Mun. Wenceslau GuimaraÄes, Faz. Boa Es- green, pubescent. Calyx fused for 3±6 mm at perancËa prox. Res. Est. da cidade, 8 km acima base, sepals 15±25 3 6±9 mm, ovate, papyra- Rio Vermelhoe2kmjuncËaÄo com Rod. para Ta- ceous, pubescent, green, sometimes with reddish quara, 138379S, 398479W, mata, 15 May 1992, streaks, margin entire. Corolla 4.5±6 cm long, W.W. Thomas et al. 9333 (CEPEC, NY); Mun. funnel-shaped, hanging downwards, base cylin- Una, 8.5 Km a E da BR-101, Rod. ao Sul para dric, ca. 10 mm long 3 5 mm diam., gradually SaÄo JoseÂ, ca. 2 km, prox. ao topo da encosta, expanded to 15±18 mm high, 18±20 mm wide Serra dos Quatis, 158059490S, 398179500W, mata towards the middle section, slightly constricted higro®la, disturbada, 10 Feb. 1994, W.W. Thom- towards the mouth, white, sparsely pubescent, as et al. 10359 (CEPEC, NY); Mun. Boa Nova, throat spotted with yellow dots, some of them 27 km ao W de DaÂrio Meira, Rod. para Boa ®nely surrounded by a purple line, glabrous, Nova (17.1 km a E da Boa Nova), mata distur- lobes 10±12 3 12±15 mm, except for the ventral bada, 148269S, 408069W, 14 Oct. 2000, W.W. lobe 1±2 mm longer and wider, spreading, white Thomas et al. 12239 (CEPEC, NY). ÐEspõÂrito all over the inner faces; ®laments 25±30 mm, Santo: Mun. Santa Teresa, EstacËaÄo BioloÂgica de glabrous, anthers included, pollen white; nectary Santa LuÂcia, May 1988, specimen from culti- gland 3±4 3 3±3.5 mm, greenish; ovary 6±8 vated material Oct. 1988 (¯.), H. Boudet Fer- mm long, greenish, glabrous, style 30±35 mm, nandes 2514 (MBML); EstacËaÄo BioloÂgica de white, glabrous. Capsule ovoid, 1.8±2.5 3 1±1.5 Santa LuÂcia, trilha TapinoaÂ, parcela 385/94, 16 cm, cream, glabrous, displaying at dehiscence a Dec. 1994, C. Chamas & R.R. Santos 342 (G, white mass of placental tissue and funicles, split MBML); Country-club, mata acima da cachoei- in two parts which are attached to the wine red ra, 3 Jun. 1987, A. Chautems & M. Peixoto 264 valves, seeds maroon. (G); EstacËaÄo BioloÂgica de Santa LuÂcia, 7 Mar. This species very often self-pollinates and 1990 (¯.), A. Chautems & H. Boudet Fernandes forms mature seed capsules in cultivation. The 381 (G, MBML); Valsugana Velha, propiedade sweet and somewhat citric fragrance was iden- Ebi Jose Bringhenth, 8 Aug. 2000 (sterile), V. ti®ed as a mixture of aldehydes (N. Williams & Demuner et al. 1360 (MBML); Mun.
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