DRAFT • 11/06/2020

Annual Report Annual

2020

for Public Policy Policy Public for Rice University’s Rice Institute Baker AT A GLANCE

6 8 62 RESEARCH RESEARCH FELLOWS, SCHOLARS, CENTERS PROGRAMS AND RESEARCH STAFF

30 83 91 RICE FACULTY STUDENT EVENTS AND SCHOLARS INTERNS WEBINARS

205 300 310 COUNTRIES AND TERRITORIES CLASSES PUBLICATIONS REACHED ON THE WEB TAUGHT

13,890 43,107 2.48 M PODCAST MEDIA TWITTER DOWNLOADS CITATIONS IMPRESSIONS OUR MISSION

Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy is a nonprofit, nonpartisan think tank in Houston, Texas. The institute produces independent research on domestic and foreign policy issues with a focus on providing decision- makers in the public and private sectors with relevant and timely policy assessments and recommendations. By bringing statesmen, scholars, and students together, the institute broadens the content and reach of its policy assessments and recommendations, and provides an open forum for debate and discussion. The institute educates students on public policy issues and related subjects by offering courses at Rice University and sponsoring student intern and mentoring programs at home and abroad. Above “Part of our success lies with the fact Secretary Baker delivered introductory remarks at the that our fellows understand that a 2019 Presidential Elections Program conference. potential solution is really only as good as its ability to be implemented. With that in mind, the institute generates results-oriented policy research that is applicable to the real world in which we all live.”

THE HONORABLE JAMES A. BAKER, III Honorary Chair

2 | Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy DIRECTOR’S MESSAGE

One of our responsibilities is to expand upon our mission “to address the most pressing policy issues of the day, through data-driven and nonpartisan research.” Another is to identify future challenges. In these respects, our fellows and scholars have been more rigorous than ever in their research and prolific in their outreach. Their dedicated motivation is in large part owed to the unprecedented following their events have garnered through the brave new world of webinars.

Our experts’ areas of research — energy, health & biosciences, public finance, entrepreneurship and economic growth, presidential elections, drug policy, the Middle East, United States-Mexico relations, space policy, science & technology, and China — provide a sought-after source for decision-makers in the public and private sectors, locally, nationally, and globally. Their work generates frequent and important commentary and dissemination by the media.

Ranked the second-best university-affiliated think tank in the world and its Center for Energy Studies first in its class, the Baker Institute has had a resounding impact but we must not rest on our laurels. The critical moment in which we find ourselves with the COVID-19 pandemic makes our efforts all the more relevant. While pursuing our work with prudence, I have tasked all centers and program directors to review their strategic vision statements to define fundamental new projects and what human and financial support are necessary to sustain our lead. In this respect, I also want to recognize the excellent supportive role our staff provides.

In short, the institute’s commitment to produce high-quality research and offer a forum for informed dialogue and debate with top domestic and foreign leaders is unwavering.

We are proud to be an integral part of Rice University. Many of our fellows teach undergraduate and graduate courses through our Master of Global Affairs and Master of Energy Economics programs, and we engage Rice students by offering dynamic student internships.

I am particularly grateful to my Board of Advisors for their wise counsel and generosity. I also want to thank our donors and our loyal Roundtable and Roundtable Young Professionals members. From all of us at the Baker institute, thank you for supporting our mission. My gratitude likewise extends to the Rice administration, faculty, staff, and community for their steadfast support.

EDWARD P. DJEREJIAN Director

2020 Annual Report | 3 RESEARCH

HEALTH & BIOSCIENCES

Almost a year ago, the world first Institute featured Hotez in three Ho published her first paper learned of a deadly virus that webinars this summer, where he this year from this collaborative. scientists had never seen before. provided a vaccine development She found that freestanding While COVID-19 cut a devastating update, discussed the conditions emergency departments tend to path around the globe, Center for for a safe return to school, and raise emergency care spending Health and Biosciences experts addressed the impact of the per capita in states where they analyzed the science behind the virus on global security. As flu open, rather than serving as pandemic and offered insights on season approached, he said that a substitutes for hospital emergency safely navigating the crisis. Today “reset” that reinforces the use of departments. Ho’s research is being the center continues its work, masks, contact tracing, and social used by federal policymakers to providing policy recommendations distancing must be our highest develop reimbursement policies for on issues from the safe distribution national priority. freestanding emergency department of a future vaccine to health Vivian Ho published a weekly care and by state regulators deciding care strategies for underserved blog summarizing the latest research whether these facilities should be populations. on the risk factors associated with allowed to proliferate. In recognition Peter Hotez is one of the nation’s severe cases of COVID-19, emerging of her years of leading scholarship most outspoken advocates for a treatments and vaccines, and policy in health care economics, Ho was fact-based COVID-19 response. In actions to control the pandemic. Her elected to the National Academy countless interviews with local, updates were also a weekly feature of Medicine — one of the highest national, and international media of “Houston Matters” on Houston honors in health and medicine. outlets, he has argued for a national Public Radio and she has been Quianta Moore, who leads strategy to contain the virus — quoted in The Wall Street Journal, the Child Health Policy Program, including enforcing quarantines the Washington Post, and CNN on produced numerous policy papers, and making testing more widely the economic impact of COVID-19 on issue briefs, and commentaries on available. Hotez, a leading expert the health care sector. the pandemic’s effects on vulnerable on infectious diseases and vaccine Before the pandemic took populations — such as immigrants, development at the Baylor College of hold in the U.S., Ho focused on the low-income mothers, and refugees Medicine, also lends an authoritative Domestic Health Policy Program’s — and recommended policies to voice to the controversy on the goal of controlling rising health care help them. She also co-authored a accelerated pace of vaccine costs. She was one of nine university commentary on the systemic racial development. “We’ve got good, researchers invited in 2016 to join and social disparities that have put safe, and effective vaccines coming the Blue Cross Blue Shield Research African Americans at increased down the pike,” he said. “I’m fairly Alliance, an organization formed risk of contracting the virus. Moore optimistic a significant percentage to identify smarter solutions continues to be a highly regarded of the American population will be for improving care quality and media commentator. vaccinated by spring.” The Baker affordability.

4 | Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy Moore and experts from the Supplemental Nutrition Program for Hagop Kantarjian, a nonresident Child Health Policy Program published Women, Infants, and Children and fellow, also contributed multiple several reports from extensive found that the classes resulted in a blogs describing the nature of research in Houston’s historically lower risk of adverse outcomes for COVID-19 and its risks for spread. African American Third Ward and children of low-income women. Kantarjian presented a webinar that Sunnyside neighborhoods. Local As part of the program’s balanced the costs and benefits of government agencies, nonprofits, expanded focus on mental health, the initial U.S. lockdown against the and philanthropic organizations project manager Patrick Tennant value of lives saved, and concluded used the findings to improve published several papers this year. that the shutdown was justified. neighborhood conditions throughout Future program research will His proposals for widening access the city. In another study, Moore focus on the social and economic to health insurance are valuable evaluated the impact of parenting conditions that impact health in resources for policymakers who classes embedded in the federal low income populations. seek to improve health care in the wake of the pandemic.

“We’ve got good, safe, and effective vaccines coming down the pike. I’m fairly optimistic that a significant percentage of the American population will be vaccinated by spring.” PETER HOTEZ, M.D. Fellow in Disease and Poverty

2020 Annual Report | 5 RESEARCH

ENERGY STUDIES

In early 2020, an oil price war research and expertise within the three new fellows — Mark Finley, and the COVID-19 pandemic U.S. and in 21 other countries. COVID- Steven Miles, and Ed Emmett — triggered unprecedented volatility 19 lockdowns have limited travel with experience in oil and gas in oil markets. Uncertainty about and face-to-face engagement, but markets and policy and logistics and energy markets will persist as not CES outreach. Since mid-March, transportation. CES Senior Director economies struggle to recover the center has held weekly webinars Ken Medlock is co-chairing the G20 and governments consider policy that are well-attended by U.S. and advisory T20 task force on energy, responses to address the virus and international audiences. and several CES fellows authored allay economic malaise. This has CES’ diverse team of experts briefs for the G20 communique significant implications for energy provides insights into (a) evolving published in Fall 2020. transitions as governments seek to oil, natural gas, and electricity Within CES’ broad research fund “green” recoveries and energy markets; (b) various energy agenda are three initiatives related to companies shift their strategies. technologies (including renewables, decarbonization: (1) Medlock, Emmett, Center for Energy Studies (CES) batteries, and plastics) from mining and Keily Miller, with assistance from reports, policy briefs, blogs, and to manufacturing to end-of-life Rachel Meidl and Michael Maher, are opinion pieces have been highlighted disposal; (c) political and geopolitical leading a multi-stakeholder effort to in a variety of outlets. Its experts impacts on energy markets; and evaluate policy initiatives to facilitate have organized conferences, (d) factors that differentiate broader use of carbon capture and workshops, and meetings at the energy in various regions around grow the hydrogen market on the Baker Institute and shared their the globe. Last year CES added Texas Gulf Coast; (2) together with Jim Blackburn and Carrie Masiello, Medlock is also convening a multi-stakeholder project on soil carbon sequestration; and (3) Medlock and Meidl are involved “The global energy landscape is rapidly in the recently established Carbon Hub changing. The Center for Energy Studies at Rice University. Another CES effort engaged continues to achieve great success by our fellows and outside experts in a series of working papers focused on staying focused on data-driven, impartial the role of foreign direct investment analysis that is rooted in academic rigor.” in resource-rich regions. A key conclusion is that strong governance KENNETH B. MEDLOCK III structures reduce risks attributed to Senior Director, Center for Energy Studies resource development.

6 | Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy CES research on oil and gas Energy markets are increasingly Michelle Foss led a major continues to be impactful. In May, impacted by policies that affect workshop on “Energy and Minerals Medlock testified to the Texas Railroad trade. Medlock, Mikulska, Ted — Framing Integration Futures” in Commission on pro-rationing, Temzelides, and CES graduate fellow partnership with Imperial College- presenting work he prepared with Igor Hernandez published a cost- London that included delegates from Finley. Mark Agerton published a paper benefit analysis of the Jones Act that universities in the U.S., UK, Japan, on “Drilling Decisions and Geological limits movement of oil products and and Chile as well as industry and Quality in the Haynesville Shale.” LNG between U.S. ports. Medlock and government participants. Foss also Several papers analyzed natural gas Temzelides analyzed the potential coordinated the first Energy and flaring, and Gabe Collins continued his impacts of the U.S.-China trade Minerals Roundtable, which brought work on Permian Basin water use. dispute for U.S. and Northeast Asian together over 40 experts and was CES researchers also analyzed economies and energy markets. followed by a virtual armchair the interplay between U.S. and global Miles and Medlock examined how conversation between Medlock and energy markets and policy. Jim Krane long-term contracts for U.S. LNG Frank Fannon, assistant secretary and Finley authored publications could be used to meet requirements for the Bureau of Energy Resources on Middle East geopolitics, OPEC for China’s energy imports under at the U.S. State Department. behavior, U.S. shale, and their the U.S.-China trade agreement. CES also hosted a panel with impacts on oil prices and markets. Meanwhile, Collins investigated Eastern Europe’s top diplomats Anna Mikulska and Collins reported the dependency of key U.S. on the region’s energy policies. In on the geopolitics of Russian natural manufacturing sectors on China. another event, José Antonio González gas exports to the EU and U.S. efforts Meidl expanded her research on Anaya, Mexico’s former finance to intervene. Elsie Hung and Collins the environmental impacts of plastic secretary and former CEO of Pemex, also continued their work on mapping waste and began researching the discussed Mexico’s economy and China’s energy infrastructure. lifecycle of new energy technologies. oil sector. Medlock held armchair Francisco Monaldi spearheads Together with Temzelides, Meidl also discussions with Phillips 66 Chairman CES research on oil, natural gas, and joined a team of Rice engineering and CEO Greg Garland on the politics in Latin America. Benigna professors looking at hurricane changing energy landscape and with Leiss, Lourdes Melgar, Adrian Duhalt, resiliency of energy infrastructure. Air Liquide CEO Michael Graff about and Monaldi engaged widely on The third annual Baker Botts- resilience amid the pandemic and energy issues in Mexico, and Mark CES conference in Fall 2019 focused hydrogen as a fuel of the future. Jones provided energy insights for the on energy transitions and featured 2019 elections in Argentina. Medlock keynotes by Secretary James A. continued his engagement with FGV Baker, III, and executives from Shell and the U.S. State Department on and ENGIE. Panels discussed various energy reform in Brazil. topics central to CES research.

2020 Annual Report | 7 RESEARCH

UNITED STATES & MEXICO

Mexico was having a difficult and southern borders. The center fellow David Gantz, who authored year even before the COVID-19 documented the stranded migrants’ the center’s 12-part series on the pandemic took hold. Its economy, plight in a policy paper that identified trade deal. “Without the USMCA, this stagnant in 2019, contracted avenues of humanitarian aid in the process would have been even more dramatically in 2020, while crime and U.S. and Mexico. costly and difficult to implement.” unemployment continued to rise. The economic outlook for Mexico The center explored long- Experts at the Center for the is uncertain, wrote postdoctoral term prospects for the binational United States and Mexico, led by research fellow Jose Ivan Rodriguez- relationship in two recently published director Tony Payan, followed these Sanchez in various white papers. books. The Future of the U.S. Mexico developments closely, analyzing their Policies meant to put Mexico on Relationship: Strategic Foresight, impact on the binational relationship a path of self-sufficiency have edited by Payan, nonresident scholar and trade across the border. “Unless depressed foreign investment, Jesús Velasco, and Alfonso Lopez the Mexican government changes while moves to restructure national de la Osa, forecasts how 16 topical course and provides a more stable electoral and judicial systems have areas, such as immigration and environment for business and for its raised questions about the rule of shared groundwater, will evolve. people, we haven’t seen the worst,” law. Amid such developments, the Binational Commons: Institution said Payan. center will host a virtual conference Building and Governance on the Decisions made before the in December examining the country’s U.S.-Mexico Border, edited by Payan pandemic slowed the government’s shifting regulatory, economic, and research analyst Pamela Lizette response when the virus hit. Among political, and security landscape. Now Cruz, recommends steps toward other measures, the administration in its second year, the Mexico Country better and more collaborative border of President Andrés Manuel López Outlook provides decision-makers governance. Obrador had spent only 60% of the with information and an insider’s The center’s “Mexico Centered” amount authorized for health care, guide to doing business in Mexico. podcast, which attracts thousands wrote research scholar Rodrigo Not all the news is grim. The of listeners each month, also shines Montes de Oca in a report on the United States-Mexico-Canada light on the complex U.S.-Mexico crisis. As COVID-19 spread, the sick Agreement, which replaces NAFTA, relationship. Its host, graduate streamed into hospitals dangerously could help shore up Mexico’s fellow Enrique Quezada, leads short of medical supplies, drugs, and prospects. The accord became lively discussions with government personnel — and Mexico’s virus- effective in July 2020, as the officials, academics, and other related fatalities quickly grew to one pandemic and U.S.-China trade war experts on topics such as the of the highest in the world. battered the economy. “These events border wall and how Mexico Mexico’s problems were also may increase the percentage of U.S., views the United States. those of Central American migrants, Canadian, and Mexican total trade whose U.S.-bound caravans came to that takes place within North America a halt when the pandemic prompted in the future, and reduce the region’s the closure of Mexico’s northern imports from elsewhere,” said

8 | Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy MIDDLE EAST

The past year has been characterized that the U.S. must first “do no harm” and frequently provided analysis on by deepened uncertainty and turmoil when addressing key regional issues Gulf politics for global media outlets. across the Middle East. Nearly one such as the popular uprisings in Iraq, As the coronavirus pandemic decade after the Arab uprisings, the Lebanon, and beyond. Djerejian was spread, CME fellows explored how struggle for political reforms and also interviewed by several major this historic public health crisis is socio-economic justice persist. At networks for his outlook on the already reshaping the Middle East. the advent of the year 2020, conflict Israeli elections and the future of the Kelsey Norman, the Kelly Day Fellow between the U.S. and Iran sparked Israeli-Palestinian peace process in in Women’s Rights, Human Rights, fears of war. The path toward light of the Trump administration’s and Refugees, conducted two resolution of the Israeli-Palestinian policies and the highly disruptive webinars on the plight of refugees conflict remains highly elusive, as approach by the Israeli government in the Middle East and beyond as the Trump administration’s “Deal on West Bank annexation. Gilead they face an even more precarious of the Century” has been met with Sher, the Brochstein Fellow in Middle situation due to COVID-19 and skepticism and condemnation by East Peace and Security in Honor of its effects on migration policies. major regional and international Yitzhak Rabin, published a number Additionally, CME fellows, including players. In the Persian Gulf, the of Baker Institute research papers A.Kadir Yildirim, participated in a implosion of global oil prices cast and issue briefs warning of the webinar panel on “The Impact of doubt on the long-term financial consequences of unilateral actions by COVID-19 on the Health Status and strength and reform programs Israel and providing a framework for Economies of the Middle East,” of monarchies that are reliant on negotiations moving forward. discussing how the pandemic has energy wealth. Simultaneously, the CME fellow Mohammad exacerbated social, economic, and calamitous coronavirus pandemic Ayatollahi Tabaar was quoted as an structural issues within and across has compounded these and other important source of commentary national boundaries. challenges, including refugee crises. on Iranian issues in major national The Center for the Middle East will The research and activities of the media platforms. In his New York continue to provide not only timely, Center for the Middle East (CME) have Times op-ed in February 2020, data-driven research on these topics, focused on these key issues. Tabaar analyzed the victories by but also policy recommendations to Conflict resolution, particularly conservatives in Iran’s elections, the public and policymakers. in the Israeli-Palestinian sphere, has which portended more animosity in been a pillar of the Baker Institute’s Iran’s already strained relationship research mission from the outset. with the United States. In response In an exclusive interview with to a wider range of geopolitical Al-Monitor, Ambassador Edward actors such as China becoming more Djerejian offered insights into how involved in Gulf affairs, fellow Kristian effective diplomacy toward the Coates Ulrichsen wrote a major Middle East can be exercised in the research paper on “Rebalancing current moment, with the maxim Regional Security in the Persian Gulf”

2020 Annual Report | 9 RESEARCH

PUBLIC FINANCE

The Center for Public Finance (CPF) changes, including a persistent European countries, focusing on has continued its research focus slowdown in U.S. economic growth. digital taxes and major EU state aid on U.S. economic and fiscal policies CPF director John Diamond and cases in particular. that are sustainable, efficient, and Baker Institute Rice Faculty Scholar After the onset of the COVID-19 equitable, analyzing issues that George Zodrow completed an ongoing pandemic, CPF shifted its focus to informed policymakers at the federal, project with the Congressional analyze appropriate fiscal policies state, and local levels. This work Budget Office to model the economic given the unique circumstances is especially important given the effects of Social Security reform, facing the U.S. and the world. U.S. government’s massive fiscal the results of which were published Diamond and Barro evaluated the response to the COVID-19 pandemic in a December 2019 issue of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic and the economic threat posed by the National Tax Journal. Diamond and Security (CARES) Act — which was worldwide spread of the disease. Zodrow also examined the economic enacted on March 27, 2020, and Before the pandemic, the effects of enacting a carbon tax, and included $1.8 trillion of spending center’s work addressed the discussed alternative uses of the increases and tax cuts — and advised mounting federal deficit, which will revenues raised from such a tax — policymakers to structure any require major fiscal policy changes such as reducing deficits and debt, funding in a temporary and targeted such as entitlement reforms, reduced replacing other revenue sources, manner. Diamond and Barro further spending, and additional revenues. or paying a carbon tax dividend discussed these critical issues in In briefs and journal articles, CPF to households — as well as the detail in a widely attended Baker fellow Jorge Barro evaluated the equity-efficiency trade-offs of these Institute webinar. In a similar vein, long-term consequences of large different uses. Diamond joined Rep. Dan Crenshaw federal deficits and discussed why Fellow Joyce Beebe continued to discuss U.S. economic policy interest rates have not increased to examine tax issues and responses to the pandemic for as federal debt rapidly expanded policy responses related to new an episode of the congressman’s over the last decade. His research technologies. Her Baker Institute podcast. The government’s response shows that an aging population has publications on taxation of the was explored by Beebe, who led to a surge in savings and created sharing economy, digital products, produced a timely series of Baker a financial market environment in cloud computing, crowdfunding, and Institute publications on the CARES which large deficits and debt over Bitcoin attracted readers from both Act’s impact on small business short-time horizons have muted the private and public sectors. She owners, mid-sized entities, and new impacts. However, he warns of rising also wrote about taxpayer responses college graduates. debt servicing costs as interest rates to policies related to soda taxes, the In May 2020, the CPF welcomed respond to the rising demand for SECURE Act, retirement security, Richard Evans as the Advisory Board capital, should large debts persist and paid family and medical leave. Visiting Fellow. Evans was associate over time. His forthcoming research In several external publications, director and senior lecturer in evaluates the broad macroeconomic she examined developments in the Computational Social Science consequences of demographic the taxation of U.S. companies by Program at the University of Chicago.

10 | Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy ENTREPRENEURSHIP & ECONOMIC GROWTH

Since the onset of the COVID-19 addition, the center has begun a new the McNair Center to gather primary pandemic, the McNair Center for line of research with the objective of data from businesses and individuals Entrepreneurship and Economic simplifying the business formation on topics within the center’s Growth has focused on analyzing the process so that entrepreneurs can research mission. many issues affecting entrepreneurs realize the benefits of personal asset The McNair Center substantially and small businesses arising from protection in the most time-efficient fortified and expanded its student the government’s response to the and cost-effective way. The center intern program, ending the fiscal year outbreak. The goal of the analysis is plans to present these and other with six undergraduate interns from to propose policy and infrastructure projects at a symposium to be held Rice, with plans to onboard a similar modifications that will enable the in Spring 2021. number of new interns in 2021. The government to respond more quickly Directed by Jennifer Rabb, the intern program is important to the and effectively to the needs of small McNair Center is a leading authority mission of the center, as it will equip businesses in the next economic for translating academic research tomorrow’s leaders to think critically, crisis, whatever form it may take. into actionable policy analysis and identify bias, and apply nonpartisan, The McNair Center is also recommendations, with the mission data-driven analysis to the policy continuing its research to improve of expanding the local and national issues critical to the success of the systems used by businesses to economy through private enterprise. private enterprise and economic communicate their opinions and This year, the center welcomed a growth in the U.S. The student intern preferences about property tax new research manager, Lebena program is led by entrepreneurship rates and local government budgets Varghese. Varghese brings expertise scholar George Webb. to their local elected officials. In in survey research that will enable

“The national debt is not going disappear on its own. At some point, we’ll have to raise taxes or make painful spending cuts to balance the budget. When that time comes, there are going to be costs associated with it.” JORGE BARRO Fellow in Public Finance

2020 Annual Report | 11 RESEARCH

PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS

In a time of unprecedented crisis, On December 9, 2019, the The conference’s first panel, the 2020 election stood as the most Presidential Elections Program held “Rising Polarization,” examined the consequential in decades. How its second conference, “A Presidential presence, evolution, and intensity would the COVID-19 pandemic, Election in an Uncertain Time.” The of polarization in both the American political polarization, and an event brought together a diverse public and Congress and discussed economic recession affect the group of academics, campaign potential solutions to ameliorate election process in particular consultants, journalists, and other it. The second panel explored the and democracy in the United States prominent individuals to explore underlying reasons for the public’s in general? the political and cultural issues declining trust in government and These are the questions the surrounding the 2020 election. the measures that can be taken Presidential Elections Program, Veteran political consultants James to foster a more unified political the nation’s first program solely Carville and Mary Matalin served environment. The day closed with dedicated to the study of U.S. as the honorary directors and a detailed analysis of the dynamics presidential campaigns and participated in a lunch conversation in early caucuses and primary elections, was established to moderated by political consultant states and an open dialogue on the answer. Program and political Karen Johnson Rove. Secretary James November election. experts offer timely analysis A. Baker, III, the institute’s honorary Mark P. Jones and John Williams, during and after each presidential chair, delivered the introductory who lead the program, organized election cycle to provide a better remarks. “Our Presidential Elections a virtual series in December that understanding of presidential Program strives to maintain a examined the elections and the campaigns and their outcomes. dispassionate approach to the ramifications of the aftermath. Its activities include biennial study and analysis of presidential This year, as in every campaign conferences on topics of high elections,” he said. “It doesn’t year for the past decade, journalists political and policy salience. promote partisan points of view.” around the world relied on Jones for astute commentary on the state of national and Texas elections. In the first eight months of 2020 alone, he was cited in 3,411 print, television, “The Baker Institute is unique because radio, and online articles from Houston to Santiago, Chile. Jones it provides what’s lacking in the current navigates the often-murky political political debate: neutral, objective, waters in Austin and Washington, D.C., and explains how events on nonpartisan analysis.” both sides of the aisle relate to lives and livelihoods. “The Baker Institute MARK P. JONES is unique because it provides Fellow in Political Science what’s lacking in the current political debate: neutral, objective, nonpartisan analysis,” he said.

12 | Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

The COVID-19 pandemic brought particularly China; improving the As part of the three-year project, the the importance of science-based federal S&T advisory system; and the program hosted Kelvin Droegemeier, policymaking into sharp focus. regulation of emerging biomedical current director of the White House Research from the nation’s vast technologies. Office of Science and Technology scientific and engineering enterprise For the past two years, the Policy and President Trump’s chief — research universities, national program has partnered with scientific advisor. At this event, laboratories, and private sector the American Academy of Arts Droegemeier highlighted previous facilities — as well as the voices of and Sciences, the United States’ S&T reports as valuable resources for America’s scientific leaders should second-oldest scientific society, him and others. inform state and federal decision- in a study of U.S. research and The S&T Program continues making across a broad range of policy industrial competitiveness. Its its work promoting the ethical issues, most notably public health findings, released in a major policy development of emerging and economic and national security. report in September, strongly biotechnologies, focusing on the The Science and Technology recommended robust federal regulation of gene editing and Policy Program (S&T), led by fellows support of fundamental research in human embryo research in the Kirstin Matthews and Neal Lane, has all fields of science and engineering, United States and abroad. Matthews long worked to advance the role of improvements in STEM education and nonresident scholar Ana Iltis science in policymaking. Through for all Americans, and the need to disseminated their findings from events, publications, and other attract and retain international S&T a major 2019 work on U.S. human outreach, program experts engage talent in light of growing tensions embryo policy at international national decision-makers, the between the U.S. and China. In a scientific conferences and in peer- scientific community, and the public related webinar, Neal Lane and reviewed journal articles. The authors in discussions about the positive China Studies fellow Steve Lewis led notably hosted a panel discussion and impact of science and engineering a discussion on recent government news briefing at the annual meeting research, technological development moves to target U.S. and Chinese R&D of the American Association for the and innovation, institutional collaborations and the long-term Advancement of Science, the world’s leadership, and education. In viability of science R&D cooperation largest scientific professional society. addition, the program studies the between the two nations. The panel outlined scientific, ethical, governance of federal research and The S&T program is also leading and legal challenges facing future development (R&D). a National Science Foundation- human embryo research. This year, the S&T Program funded project, in collaboration focused on three areas of policy: with the Science History Institute, maintaining U.S. research and documenting the history of White industrial competitiveness amid House science advisors from rapidly growing international President George H.W. Bush to R&D investment by other nations, President Donald Trump.

2020 Annual Report | 13 RESEARCH

DRUG POLICY

The Drug Policy Program’s work health, and racial equity. Specific drug treatment availability for this year developed amid the public topics included the role of ending individuals involved in the Harris health crisis of COVID-19 — which the drug war in addressing police County justice system. The authors exacerbated the public health crisis violence, how to reform policing at found significant limitations in of drug addiction. Because people all levels of government, and the the system’s ability to provide with substance use disorders are impact of incarceration on women effective drug treatment and often immunocompromised, they and families. “By including state and offered several recommendations. are at greater risk of contracting local leaders in these discussions That report was well-received and and dying from the virus, explained and providing a forum for public is now being used as a resource fellow Katharine Neill Harris, in education and engagement, we to promote integrated substance a number of commentaries and think it possible that these important use and mental health services for interviews. Treatment for drug conversations will provide an Houston’s homeless population. dependence, already insufficient opportunity for more rational and In early 2020, Neill Harris and and costly, is now more limited, equitable drug policies,” said Martin. Martin co-wrote a timely report, even though the COVID-19 pandemic The program began the “Vaping: Clearing the Air,” which intensifies conditions that contribute academic year with Neil Harris’ examined recent trends in vaping, to drug addiction, like unemployment continued efforts to establish research on its effectiveness for and frayed social connections. productive relationships with local smoking cessation, the role of Harris and program director elected leaders. One of the program’s industry marketing, and policy William Martin support policy more successful partnerships responses to increased use. reforms that treat drug use as a has been with the Harris County The program gained significant public health issue, with solutions Sheriff’s Office. The program began strength in May by appointing such as alternatives to incarceration a dialogue with the Sheriff’s Office Austin attorney Lisa Pittman as for drug offenders, needle-exchange in 2017 on the efficacy of providing a nonresident fellow. Pittman’s programs, and expanded access to the overdose reversal drug Narcan expertise in laws regarding medical medication-assisted treatments. to people with a history of opioid and adult-use cannabis and the The war on drugs is a failure, they use when they exit the jail. Initially hemp industry has earned her argue, and facilitates aggressive hesitant, the office eventually the title, “The First Lady of Texas police tactics that have the endorsed the idea and, after securing Cannabis Law.” potential to escalate. This summer, a Narcan supply, began distributing it as social protests against police in Fall 2019. violence spread across the nation, In December 2019, the the program co-hosted a series program, in conjunction with of criminal justice webinars that the Texas Criminal Justice explored mass incarceration, public Coalition, published a report on

14 | Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy STUDENT OPPORTUNITIES

Rice undergraduates involved The Jesse Jones Leadership generation of scientists and space with our student programs Center Summer in D.C. Policy engineers the opportunity to stepped up this year when the Research Internship Program offers emulate, at the university level, the pandemic upended normal students the chance to work in a successful collaborations behind the operations. They obtained safe, public policy environment during International Space Station. While work-based learning experiences their summer break. While the the 2020 delegation conducted through virtual internships, COVID-19 outbreak put the 2020 its program research virtually, the conducted policy research online, internships on hold, the program 2019 cohort worked with students and, when possible, participated traditionally offers living stipends in Moscow on simulated space remotely in institute events. to students who secure summer missions. Program alumni have Members of the Baker Institute internships with government gone on to careers at NASA, SpaceX, Student Forum (BISF) quickly agencies, nonprofit organizations, Blue Origin, and Virgin Galactica. reorganized their signature event: an and think tanks in Washington, The Baker Institute also hosts annual public policy competition for D.C. At the end of the summer, the two graduate programs. The students, which this year focused on students present policy reports Master of Global Affairs Program, energy-related issues. BISF leaders based on their experiences to developed with Rice’s School of moved in-person presentations and Baker Institute fellows and Rice Social Sciences, engages students judging to a virtual format, requiring faculty members. In Summer 2019, in modern approaches to global the finalists to submit recorded participants addressed topics policymaking. “Now matriculating videos of their policy proposals to a ranging from legal services for its sixth cohort, the Master of panel of three judges. “Even though immigrants to Chinese energy Global Affairs is making its mark it was remote, the competition infrastructure investment in the as a top-choice graduate program remained an engaging and creative Western Hemisphere. Program for students interested in global way to explore a policy challenge,” alumni often go on to rewarding diplomacy and public policy,” said said participant Sree Yeluri ’21. careers in the U.S. government associate director Abbey Godley. Before the pandemic hit, and at private think tanks and Graduate students in the BISF members sharpened their critical nongovernmental organizations, Master of Energy Economics Program thinking skills at policy-related said fellow Steven Lewis, who study market and economic student debates and met with directs the program. principles as they apply to the distinguished statesmen and scholars Since 2011, a delegation energy industry. Working with the who visited the institute. “The core of outstanding U.S. students Baker Institute Center for Energy mission of the BISF is to educate and sponsored by the institute’s Space Studies and Rice’s Economics engage a new generation of leaders. It Policy Program has attended an Department, the students delve is a perfect organization for students international workshop at the deeply into the intricacies of energy to broaden their understanding of key Youth Space Center in Moscow. markets, future market orientation, public policy issues,” said fellow Joe The Stafford-Leonov Student and capital asset decisions. Barnes, the BISF faculty advisor. Exchange Program gives the next

2020 Annual Report | 15 BOARD OF ADVISORS

The institute’s Board of Advisors attended a September 2019 meeting.

16 | Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy Marc J. Shapiro, Chair Steven L. Miller

His Excellency Franci Neely Sheikh Abdulla bin Ali Al-Thani, Ph.D. Armen Orujyan, Ph.D. James A. Baker IV Harry M. Reasoner Laura D. Bellows David Rhodes Donald Bowers Beth Robertson Clarence P. Cazalot Jr. The Honorable John F.W. Rogers Stephen I. Chazen, Ph.D. A.R. “Tony” Sanchez Jr. The Honorable Peter R. Coneway (d.) Jaime Serra James W. Crownover C. Park Shaper The Honorable Linnet Deily L.E. Simmons Lynn Laverty Elsenhans The Honorable Warren W. Tichenor Ann Fox Robert B. Tudor III Claudio X. González Jim Whitehurst Jeffery D. Hildebrand John Eddie Williams Jr. Gerald D. Hines (d.) Dr. Huda Zoghbi José-Alberto Lima

LIFE MEMBERS EX OFFICIO MEMBERS

The Honorable Hushang Ansary The Honorable Madeleine Korbel Albright E. William Barnett The Honorable James A. Baker, III

The Honorable Charles W. Duncan Jr. The Honorable Edward P. Djerejian

Wallace S. Wilson David W. Leebron

Gen. Colin L. Powell, USA (Ret.)

2020 Annual Report | 17 MESSAGE TO DONORS

As shown throughout this annual Throughout the year, the The COVID-19 pandemic has report on the activities and impact of institute has continued to rely on changed the institute’s outreach the Baker Institute, the COVID-19 individuals and foundations to fund through remote webinars and pandemic has highlighted the its research teams and general fundraising. Looking ahead to 2021, importance of the institute’s operations. We thank all of our we will use new and enhanced digital work on critical policy challenges generous donors and supporters tools to engage with our supporters confronting Houston, our country, who sustained the Baker Institute and provide them with relevant public and the world. Our mission to throughout the year. By giving a policy research and programs. develop and promote nonpartisan, gift, by joining or renewing your With your help, the Baker Institute data-driven policy research is more membership in the Roundtable or will continue to lend a meaningful important than ever. Roundtable Young Professionals, or voice to our nation’s discourse. by simply attending an event — you are making an impact.

“Thanks to the steadfast support of our friends and to the generosity of our donors, our research programs continue to grow and our work as a global public policy institute consistently reaches the highest levels in the public and private sectors.” EDWARD P. DJEREJIAN Director

18 | Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy DONORS

NAMED ENDOWMENTS The State of Qatar Endowment for Mr. Daniel Cortez AND GIFTS International Stem Cell Policy Mr. Dan Crump Taylor and Robert H. Ray Endowment Mr. Gabriel Cuadra Sid W. Richardson Foundation Davoudi Family Foundation The Baker Institute named endowment contributors provide permanent Diana Tamari Sabbagh Foundation Mr. and Mrs. Robert Deskin sustainable funds directed toward a L.E. and Virginia Simmons Family Mr. and Mrs. William Doré specific purpose in support of public Foundation Ms. Julietta Ducote policy fellows, scholars, interns, and The Starr Foundation Mr. Stephan Ellner programmatic initiatives. Susan Vaughan Foundation The Honorable Ed Emmett Mr. Wallace S. Wilson and Mrs. Emmett The Honorable James A. Baker, III Episcopal Health Foundation and Mrs. Baker Ernst and Young Baker Botts LLP PROGRAMMATIC GIFTS Mr. Franklin Estein Mr. and Mrs. Raymond D. Brochstein Mr. and Mrs. Nicholas Ettinger Harry and Hazel Chavanne Endowment Direct program support allows Mr. Jeffrey Falk The Will Clayton Fund fellows, scholars, and researchers to Ms. Angelina Fonseca investigate current and new research Cullen Foundation Fort Bend County areas and creates opportunities to Cullen Trust for Higher Education FTI Consulting, Inc. engage undergraduate and graduate Kelly Day Foundation Dr. Cullen Geiselman students in the research and policy The Honorable Edward P. Djerejian recommendation processes. Ms. Elizabeth Gillis and Mrs. Djerejian Glassell Family Foundation The Honorable Charles W. Duncan Jr. Al Jazeera Media Network Mr. and Ms. Fritz Glover and Mrs. Duncan Ms. Henrietta Alexander Greater Houston Community Foundation Alfred C. Glassell, III Mr. Bradley Alford and Mrs. Donna Baker Ms. Adriana Grivas Glassell Family Foundation Mrs. Othelia Alford Dr. Mary Grizzard and Dr. Michael Grizzard Aron S. and Anaruth P. Gordon Endowment The Thomas C. and Jo Ann S. Altman Mr. Ray Gutierrez Houston Endowment, Inc. Family Fund Ms. Sandra Hall Mr. and Mrs. Paul Howell Dr. and Mrs. Bruce Appelbaum George and Mary Josephine Hamman The James P. and Sarah F. Jackson Dr. Joyce Beebe and Mr. Tony Beebe Foundation Endowment Mr. and Mrs. Mike Bennett Dr. Deborah Harter and Mr. Robert Loiseau Mr. Joseph D. Jamail Mr. Robert Blocker Harvard University - Frontiers Burdine Johnson Foundation Ms. Carroll Parrott Blue of Innovation Mr. and Mrs. Edward A. Kelly Mr. and Mrs. Davis Boster Jr. Ms. Sheri Henriksen Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement Mr. Donald Bowers II and Ms. Shawn Rose Health Care Service Corporation of Science Boys and Girls Clubs of Greater Houston Mr. and Mrs. Carlos Hernandez MD Anderson Foundation Mr. Frederick Hauck and Mrs. Susan Bruce Ms. Heidi Herzog Robert and Sarah McLaurin Endowment Mr. and Mrs. John Cabaniss Mr. Ryan Hickman and Ms. Danielle Santori Mr. and Mrs. Burton J. McMurtry W.P. Carey Foundation Hilcorp Energy Company Mr. and Mrs. Robert C. McNair Center for Houston’s Future Mr. and Mrs. Gerald Hines The Robert and Janice McNair Foundation Mr. Taylor Carter Mr. and Mrs. Richard Holmes The Meadows Foundation Mr. Leonard Chan Houston Endowment, Inc. Mr. and Mrs. Steven L. Miller Dr. Anne Chao and Mr. Albert Chao Dr. Alan Husak The Honorable Robert A. Mosbacher Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin Cheng The Immunization Partnership and Mrs. Mosbacher Chevron Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Tassie and Constantine Nicandros ConocoPhillips Dr. Kirkwood Johnston Foundation Dr. Cal Cooper Mr. and Mrs. Uriel Jones The Fred and Mabel R. Parks Foundation and Mrs. Carmen Alfaro Cooper Kinder Foundation Qatar Fund for Development Ms. Linda Correll Charles Koch Foundation

2020 Annual Report | 19 DONORS

Korea Energy Economics Institute The Summerlee Foundation CORPORATE GIVING Mr. and Mrs. Livingston Kosberg Texas Heart Institute Dr. and Mrs. Neal Lane Texas State University ENERGY FORUM Dr. and Mrs. David Lasater Texias LLC The Center for Energy Studies (CES) is Mr. Lynn Lednicky Joseph H. Thompson Fund supported by corporate and individual Mr. and Mrs. Stuart Leventhal Mr. and Mrs. William Tilney members who participate in the Mr. Walter Light Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Robert Tudor III Energy Forum via workshops, research, Mr. Xianyin Liu The University of Texas MD Anderson and outreach. The Energy Forum provides Mr. and Mrs. H. Malcolm Lovett Jr. Cancer Center an opportunity for members to be involved The Lowe Foundation Mr. and Mrs. William Vantine in CES energy research and energy policy The Henry Luce Foundation Dr. Jean Vorhaben events and to meet personally with Ms. Jingyuan Luo Dr. Susannah Webb distinguished statesmen and industry Mr. and Mrs. J.E. Lyons and Mr. George Webb III leaders who shape the energy world today. Mr. and Mrs. Milton Magness Mr. James Webb Mr. Ryo Manabe Mrs. Kim Weisbrook Director’s Circle Dr. and Mrs. Robert Marksteiner Ms. Earline Willcott Baker Botts LLP Mr. Brian Smyth and Ms. Rebecca Marvil Mr. William Wilson Cheniere Energy, Inc. Mr. John McCrocklin and Mrs. Isella DeLeon-Wilson Chevron Corporation Dr. Jeffrey McKennis Mr. Jarrett Woodrow Equinor The Robert and Janice McNair Foundation Zinn Petroleum Company FTI Consulting The Meadows Foundation, Inc. Saudi Aramco The Meadows Mental Health Schlumberger Policy Institute CAPTAIN JAMES ADDISON Sempra Energy International Mr. Robert Meister BAKER SOCIETY and Ms. Steffi Russell-Egbert Advisory Board Mexican Business Council The Captain James Addison Baker American Air Liquide Holdings, Inc. Mr. Nicholas Miller and Mr. Wade Rakes II Society was created by Rice University to Apache Corporation Mr. and Mrs. Steven L. Miller recognize the foresight and generosity BHP Billiton The Cynthia and George Mitchell of alumni and friends who have named BP the Baker Institute or Rice University as Foundation ConocoPhillips a beneficiary of a will, revocable trust, Dr. Francisco Monaldi Cotemar International LLC retirement plan, life insurance policy, or Dr. and Mrs. Roger Moore Deloitte life-income gift, such as in a charitable Direct Energy Dr. Meena Murti gift annuity or charitable remainder trust. National Science Foundation Ernst & Young Hilcorp Energy Company Ms. Franci Neely Mrs. Judy Ley Allen Marathon Oil Corporation Mr. and Mrs. Robert Nelson Jr. Mr. John Bannon Jr. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Inc. Mr. Daniel Newman Mr. William Conover II Noble Energy Mr. Victor Obadiah Mr. and Mrs. Tucker Dorn Phillips 66 The O’Connor & Hewitt Foundation Mr. and Mrs. Anthony Espinoza Shell Oil Company Oil and Gas Climate Initiative Ms. Bonner Moffitt Tellurian, Inc. Mr. Edgar Pelaez Mr. and Mrs. Edward Randall III TOTAL E&P New Ventures, Inc. Ms. Patricia Plettner Mr. and Ms. Marc J. Shapiro The Arch and Stella Rowan Foundation TOTAL E&P USA, Inc. Mr. and Mrs. Ed Schreiber Tudor, Pickering, Holt & Co. Ms. Kathleen Schroder Mr. Wallace S. Wilson Dr. Tzu Fann Shao Mr. and Mrs. Marc J. Shapiro Associate Members Diana Davis Spencer Foundation ENGIE North America Stardust Fund Hess Corporation Methanex Corporation

20 | Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy Supporting Members Director’s Circle Mr. and Mrs. James Baker, IV Deloitte MarketPoint LLC Alloy Merchant Finance The Honorable James A. Baker, III Energy Intelligence BP and Mrs. Baker Exxon Mobil Corporation Shell Exploration & Production Company Mr. and Mrs. E. William Barnett Dr. and Mrs. F.T. Barr HEALTH POLICY FORUM Partners Ms. Laura Bellows Mr. Charles Bracht and Mr. John Pendergrast The Health Policy Forum facilitates the and Ms. Cheryl Verlander Mrs. Thomas Blake exchange of ideas among medical and Haynes and Boone, LLP Ms. Angela Blanchard policy professionals for Texas and U.S. Mr. and Mrs. John Cabaniss audiences. These discussions provide the Rev. and Kirbyjon Caldwell foundation for health policy research and Friends recommendations, and foster an improved BBVA and Mrs. Caldwell understanding of national health concerns. Control Risks Group Holdings Ltd. Mr. and Mrs. Clarence Cazalot Jr. Deleon Trade LLC Dr. Virginia Clark Corporate Members David A. Gantz and Catherine A. Fagan Mr. and Mrs. Peter Coneway Baylor College of Medicine Mr. William Tilney Mr. and Mrs. James Crownover CHI St Luke’s Health Vopak North America Inc. Mr. and Mrs. Ali Davoudi The Honorable Linnet F. Deily Patron Members The Honorable Edward Djerejian Community Health Choice INDIVIDUAL GIVING and Mrs. Djerejian Episcopal Health Foundation Mr. and Mrs. Charles Duncan, Jr. The University of Texas MD Anderson BAKER INSTITUTE ROUNDTABLE Mrs. Randa Duncan Williams Cancer Center The Roundtable is our premier membership and Mr. Charles Williams forum, dedicated to advancing the mission Mr. and Mrs. John W. Elsenhans Benefactor Members of the institute. Through annual giving, Mr. and Mrs. Phillip Fox Bank of America Merrill Lynch members of this group foster community Mr. and Mrs. Melbern Glasscock Texas Children’s Hospital engagement in vital public policy issues Mr. and Mrs. Jeffery Hildebrand while interacting with world leaders, Mr. and Mrs. Gerald Hines national decision-makers, and leading Individual Members President David Leebron researchers. Dr. Cullen Geiselman and Mrs. Y. Ping Sun Mr. Nicholas Miller and Mr. Wade Rakes II The Honorable John F.W. Rogers Statesman Circle Texas Heart Institute and Mrs. Deborah Lehr Mr. and Mrs. Stephen Chazen UTMB, Office of the President Mr. and Mrs. Meredith Long Mrs. Clare Glassell Mr. and Mrs. Cary McNair Mr. Claudio Gonzalez Ms. Franci Neely U.S.-MEXICO FORUM and Ms. Teresa Guajardo Dr. Armen Orujyan The U.S.-Mexico Forum, the membership Mr. and Mrs. Gary Gray and Ms. Ruzanna Avetisyan base of the Center for the United States Baroness Kandy Kaye Horn Mr. and Mrs. Harry Reasoner and Mexico, is supported by corporate Mrs. Deedee McMurtry Mr. and Mrs. David Rhodes and individual members who participate Ms. Beth Robertson Mr. and Mrs. Christopher Sarofim in workshops and research events. Mr. and Mrs. John Eddie Williams, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Park Shaper Mr. and Mrs. Marc J. Shapiro Founder’s Circle Ambassador Mr. David Sickey Hines Interests Limited Partnership His Excellency Sheikh bin Ali Al-Thani Ph.D. Mr. and Mrs. L.E. Simmons Kimberly-Clark de Mexico SAB de CV and Sheikha Ghaya Al Mosallam Mr. Mike S. Stude Marek Brothers Systems, Inc. The Honorable Madeleine Korbel Albright The Honorable Warren Tichenor Mr. William N. Mathis Mrs. Barbara Allbritton and Mrs. Tichenor Mr. and Ms. Marc J. Shapiro Mrs. Judy Ley Allen Mr. and Mrs. Robert B. Tudor III Mr. and Mrs. Jack Allshouse Mr. and Mrs. Wallace S. Wilson The Honorable Hushang Ansary and Mrs. Ansary

2020 Annual Report | 21 DONORS

Diplomat Mr. and Mrs. Albert Kidd Mr. and Mrs. Michael Bourque Dr. Edward Allen III and Dr. Chinhui Allen Mr. and Mrs. Livingston Kosberg Mr. Donald Bowers II and Ms. Shawn Rose Dr. and Mrs. Eric Bodin Mr. Charles Londa Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Hugh Bowers Mr. and Mrs. Murry Bowden Mr. and Mrs. Rodney Margolis Mr. and Mrs. Russell Bowers Mr. Louis Brandt Ms. Karen McRae Mr. and Mrs. John Bowman Mr. and Mrs. Robert Clarke Mr. and Mrs. Gordon Menard Dr. Richard Boylan and Dr. Vivian Ho Mr. and Mrs. Tucker Dorn Mr. and Mrs. Richard Mithoff Mr. and Mrs. Walter Bratic Mrs. Michol Ecklund Mrs. Betty Kyle Moore Mr. John Brickey Mr. and Mrs. Sheldon Erikson Mr. and Mrs. David Neuberger Mr. and Mrs. E. J. Brown Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Aubrey Farb Mr. Jose Ocanas Mr. and Mrs. Sam Brown Mr. and Mrs. William Finger Mr. and Mrs. Edoardo Padeletti Ms. Kay Bruce Dr. Carmen Fraticelli Mr. and Mrs. Mark Quick Mr. and Mrs. Lee Bryant Mr. Joe Gatto Mr. Nicholas Miller and Mr. Wade Rakes II Mr. C. Robert Bunch Mr. and Mrs. David Itz Mr. and Mrs. Edward Randall III and Mrs. Lilia Khakimova Mrs. Olive Jenney Mr. and Mrs. William Randall Mr. and Mrs. John Chandler Mr. and Mrs. Paul Johnson Mr. and Mrs. Risher Randall Ms. Judy Chapman Mr. and Mrs. David Klein The Honorable Lee H. Rosenthal Mr. and Mrs. O. Don Chapoton Mr. Eduardo Lopez and Mr. Gary Rosenthal Dr. Sam Chaudhuri Mr. Sterling Minor and Mrs. Ellen Luby Mr. Javier Rodriguez Soler and Dr. Nupur Chaudhuri Mr. and Mrs. Steven Miller Mrs. Kathryn Smyth Runnells Ms. Julie Connor Mr. and Mrs. Antonio Sanchez Jr. Mrs. Louisa Sarofim Ms. Rohini Coorg Mrs. Cyvia Wolff Mr. and Mrs. Steve Swinson Dr. Alexander Dell Mr. and Mrs. Michael Zilkha Mr. and Mrs. G. Irvin Terrell Mr. and Mrs. Curtis Denson Mr. and Mrs. Lewis Thomas III Mr. and Ms. Stuart Diamond Partner Mr. and Mrs. Richard Vaughan Mrs. Mary Dix Mr. Patrick Falcon and Ms. Blaine Adams Ms. Katherine Warren Mr. Marko Dodig Mrs. Kathryn Smyth Runnells Ms. Carol Wood Mr. John Dorn Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Cialone II Dr. Anne Dougherty and Mr. Jim Dougherty Dr. Llayron Clarkson Colleague Mrs. Martha Dougherty and Mr. Llayron Clarkson Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Louis Adler Mr. and Mrs. John Duncan Jr. Mr. Roberto Contreras Mr. Bradley Alford and Mrs. Donna Baker Mr. and Mrs. Jimmy Dunne Mr. and Mrs. Chadwick Deaton Dr. Ammar Alkhawaldeh Mr. and Mrs. Patrick Durkin Ms. Nancy Dunlap Mr. and Mrs. Eugene Allspach Mr. David Elder and Ms. Melinda Snell Mr. and Mrs. W. McComb Dunwoody Mr. Guglielmo Andreoli Mr. and Mrs. John Elder III Mr. and Mrs. Dan Flournoy and Mrs. Giovanna Marciano Ms. Annette Eriksen Mr. Brian Freedman The Honorable Michael Andrews Dr. Richard Evans Mr. and Mrs. Ford Frost Dr. and Mrs. Bruce Appelbaum Mrs. Mary Fairchild Mr. and Mrs. Bob Fryklund Mr. and Mrs. Robert Baillio Jr. Dr. and Mrs. Thomas Faschingbauer Mr. and Mrs. George Stark Mr. and Mrs. John Baker Ms. Susan Feickert Mr. and Mrs. Fritz Glover Mrs. Janice Barrow Mr. Dubois Ferguson Dr. Sandra Godfrey and Mr. H. Godfrey Mr. and Mrs. Todd Barth Mr. and Mrs. Carlos Fernandez Mr. and Mrs. Robert Graham Ms. Janet Bates Mr. and Mrs. Marvin Fishman Mr. Aric Gray Mr. Robert Bertagne Mr. Robert Frederick Mr. and Mrs. Les Greenberg Dr. Kevin Biddle Mr. and Mrs. Kelly Frels Mr. and Mrs. Ben Guill and Dr. Katherine Balshaw-Biddle Dr. Kenneth Gabbay and Dr. Myrna Gabbay Mrs. Bridget Jensen Mr. and Mrs. Stephen Blackmun Mr. Robert Gilliam and Ms. Betty Adkins Mr. and Mrs. Stephen Kaufman Ms. Sandra Blackmun Dr. and Mrs. Brendan Godfrey Mr. Basil Karatzas Ms. Mary Blanks Mr. and Mrs. Martyn Goossen Dr. Pamela Kennedy and Mr. Mike Stinson Mr. Robert Blocker Dr. and Mrs. K. Lance Gould Mr. and Mrs. Stuart Kensinger Ms. Carroll Parrott Blue Dr. Vicky Gresik

22 | Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy Mr. John Hale Mrs. John Mendelsohn Mr. James Ulmer Mr. and Mrs. Henry R. Hamman Mr. and Mrs. Larry Meyer Ms. Kathryn Underhill Mr. and Mrs. Darrell Hancock Mr. Preston Moore III Mr. Jose Valera Mr. and Mrs. William Harp Mr. and Mrs. Roland Moreau Mr. and Mrs. Jason Vogler Mr. and Mrs. James Hennessy Mr. and Mrs. Judson Morrison Mr. Tim Wasp Ms. Sheri Henriksen Dr. and Mrs. Charles Neblett Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Weaver Ms. Maureen Higdon Mr. and Mrs. Robert Nelson Jr. Dr. and Mrs. Jasper Welch Jr. Dr. and Mrs. George Hildebrandt Mr. Ronan O’Malley Mr. and Mrs. Richard Westmark Mr. Paul Holzhauer Mr. and Mrs. Charles Ofner Mrs. Sara White and Ms. Wai Cheng McKenzie Mr. and Mrs. William Okerlund Mr. and Mrs. James Wiggins Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Hooks Mr. and Mrs. John Orton Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin Wilcox Ms. Lurlean Hunt Mr. Dee Osborne Ms. Pippa Wiley Mr. and Mrs. Ken Janda Mr. Al Pacholder and Ms. Elizabeth White Ms. Nancy B. Willerson Mrs. Daniel Japhet Mr. and Mrs. Michael Padon Dr. Charles Wolf Mr. and Mrs. James Jennings Jr. Dr. Shoyab Panchbhaya Mr. Ronald Woods Mr. and Mrs. Frank Jones and Ms. Tahia Khan Ms. Melinda Yee Mr. and Mrs. Jay Kaplan Mr. William Pate Mr. and Mrs. James Young Mr. and Mrs. Robert Kauffman Mr. and Mrs. Harold Perkins Jr. Mr. T. Michael Young Mr. and Mrs. George Kelly Mr. and Mrs. Richard Pesin Mr. Myron Zeitz Mr. and Mrs. Jonathan Gross Dr. John Polking and Ms. Agnes Coppin Dr. and Mrs. Prashant Kale Mr. Michael Pierson and Ms. Polly Lewis ROUNDTABLE Dr. and Mrs. John Kelly Dr. Kathryn Rabinow YOUNG PROFESSIONALS Mr. and Mrs. Mavis Kelsey Jr. and Mr. Richard Rabinow The Roundtable Emerging Leaders and Mr. and Mrs. Harris L. Kempner Jr. Mr. William Rankin Associate Roundtable are membership Mr. and Mrs. James King Dr. Carmen Reznik and Mr. Carter Reznik groups that provide individuals age Mr. Melvyn Klein Mr. William Rogers 45 and under with the opportunity to Mr. and Mrs. Mark Lamb Mr. Cesar Romero Roa network with policy leaders and Mr. and Mrs. R. Truett Latimer and Ms. Raquel Santos other young professionals. Mr. and Mrs. James Lee Mr. Ron Sommers and Ms. Charles Kubricht Dr. Rochelle Levit and Mr. Max Levit Ms. Stephanie Rudd Emerging Leaders Mrs. Joan Schnitzer Levy Ms. Melissa Sandefer Mr. Alvaro Aceves Mr. Alan Livingston Mr. and Mrs. Ed Schreiber Mr. and Mrs. Asad Akram Mr. Joshua Loomes Ms. Laurie Scott Mr. and Mrs. Mikhail Alekseenko Mr. and Mrs. Frank Lorenzo Mr. and Mrs. Alan Shelby Mrs. Kaitlyn Allen Mr. Justin Love Ms. Valerie Sheppard Mr. Ahmed AlTammar Mr. and Mrs. H. Malcolm Lovett Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Jeremy Smith Ms. Tochi Amadi Mr. Richard Madubunyi Mr. and Mrs. Richard Smith Mr. Mohamed Amer Mrs. Maryanne Maldonado Ms. Diane St. Yves Ms. Carina Antweil Mr. and Mrs. Moez Mangalji Dr. and Mrs. Richard Stasney Mr. Robert Atherholt and Ms. Melissa Suhr Ms. Barbara Manousso Mr. Ben Stevenson and Ms. Taylor Cooper Dr. Rudeina Baasiri and Mr. Omar Baasiri Mr. and Mrs. J. Stephen Marks Mr. Jerry Strickland Mr. Michael Bagg Mr. and Mrs. Earle Martin Jr. Mr. and Mrs. J. Taft Symonds Mr. and Ms. Mark Bahorich Mr. and Mrs. George Martinez Dr. and Mrs. Masayoshi Takashima Mr. Sean Andrew Barrett Mr. Stephen Massad Mr. and Mrs. Isaac Tapia Mr. Matthew Beckmann Mr. Jerry Masters Mr. and Mrs. William Taylor III Mr. Chad Benedict Mr. and Mrs. Richard Mayor Mr and Mrs. James Tennant Ms. Megan Berge Mr. and Mrs. Nathan Mazzapica Mr. and Mrs. James Tucker Mr. and Mrs. Gregory Besozzi Mr. James McCartney Mr. and Mrs. Jim Tyler Mr. Wirt Blaffer Mr. and Mrs. Edward McCullough Dr. Stephen Tyring and Dr. Patricia Tyring Dr. Andrew Bowen Mr. and Mrs. James McMurrey Jr. Mr. Kim Tyson Ms. Allyson Bremer

2020 Annual Report | 23 DONORS

Mr. Jamal Cadwell Mr. Devin Hotzel Mr. and Mrs. Paul Pressler Dr. Amelie Carlton and Mr. Charles Carlton Ms. Sherlyn Hufford Mr. Tony Reed Mrs. Chetana B. Cates Mr. Merajul Huq Mrs. Teresa Rezende Mr. Leonard Chan Mr. Alejandro Ibanez Gomez Ms. Sarah Ringold Dr. and Mrs. Darren Chapman Ms. Sofia Ivanka Mr. Raul Rodriguez Mr. Saurabh Chaugule Ms. Nicole Jansen Mr. and Mrs. Mark Rokita Dr. Matthew Cheney Mr. Brent Johns Mr. Richard Rose Mr. Tyler Corder Mr. Jacob Juneau Ms. Horkiz Rouzi Mr. William Cotta Ms. Natasha Khan Mr. Harout Samra Ms. Sarah Daniel Mr. and Mrs. Josh Kimmel Mr. Ryan Hickman and Ms. Danielle Santori Mr. Vipul Devluk Dr. Alexandra Kirshner and Mr. Eli Witus Mr. Ron Scharnberg Mr. Aman Dhuka Mr. Jason Kist Ms. Kathleen Schroder Mr. and Mrs. David Diamonon Mr. Thomas Koch Ms. Colleen Sheedy Mr. Duncan Dickerson Ms. Krista Kuhl Mr. Jeff Shieh and Ms. Alexandra Delaney Mr. and Mrs. Nicholas Kurtenbach Ms. Jill Shull Ms. Mariana Diez Mr. Matthew Lakich Mr. Drew Sims Mr. and Mrs. Andrew DiNardo Mr. Louie Layrisson Ms. Katie Slater Mr. Andrew McCooey Mr. David Lee Mr. Rik Sneep and Mr. Ewan Dinsdale Mr. Andrew Lin Mr. James Steen Mr. Daniel Dobesh Mr. Xianyin Liu Ms. Maria Suarez Ms. Sarah Dodson Mr. David Liou Mr. Chris Sudjadi Mr. and Mrs. Elliott Doyle Mr. Jon Lobb Mr. Carter Timbel Ms. Michelle Eber Mr. Scott Looper Mr. and Mrs. Gerard Trevino Mr. and Mrs. Winston Elliott IV Mr. Steve Louis Ms. Rachel Turkington Mr. Paul Ernster Mr. and Mrs. Jed Lowrie Mr. Ty Umoh Ms. Farah El Hassan Ms. Rosalee Maffitt Dr. Leticia Vega Mr. and Mrs. Vasile Filip Mr. Matthew Marand Mr. BJ Walker Jr. Mr. Danny Fields Ms. Kimberly Matthews Dr. Joshua Weed Mr. and Mrs. Brent Flannery Dr. Kirstin Matthews Mr. John Weldon Mr. Michael Freedman and Mr. Robert Matthews Mr. Daniel West Mrs. Sarah Garic Mr. Andrew McCooey Mr. Nash Whitney Ms. Morgan Garvey and Mr. Ewan Dinsdale Mr. Jason Wilcox Mr. Placido Gomez Ms. Meghan McElvy Mr. Travis Wofford and Ms. Norma Torres Mendoza Mr. and Mrs. Chris Mersinger Mr. Derek Wong Ms. Ruth Gotschall Ms. Keily Miller Mr. Jeffrey Wood Mr. Karn Gupta Ms. Deviyani Misra-Godwin Ms. Kaylee Yocum Mr. and Ms. David Gutierrez Mr. Ross Muramaru Mr. Garrett Haden Mr. Sheldon Nagesh Associate Roundtable Ms. Katherine Hallaway Mr. Robert Nnake Ms. Elcin Aktas Dr. and Mrs. Travis Hanson Ms. Leena Ninan Mr. Ahmad Alharbi Mr. Tyler Harris Mr. Stephen Noh Mr. Abdullah Aljama Mr. Ammar Hazzazi Mr. Jack O’Donnell Ms. Alreem Al-Khelaifi Ms. Samantha Hea Mr. Seepan Parseghian Mr. Abdulaziz Alsulaim Mr. Ryan Hickman and Ms. Danielle Santori Mr. Akshar Patel Mr. Salvador Avila Lopez Mr. Winson Ho Mr. Paresh Patel Mr. Bojan Babic Ms. Marcia Hook Ms. Sheel Patel Mr. Christopher Barnes Mr. Erin Hopkins Mr. Salman Patoli Ms. Frances Barrett Mr. and Mrs. John Horstman Mr. Kreg Pearless Mr. Lucas Bifera Mr. William Hotze Ms. Katie Pearson Mr. James Briggs

24 | Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy Ms. Tabitha Brown Mr. Tate Lowe Ms. Sterling Schrader Mr. Adam Burkin Ms. Sandy Ma Mr. George Schwartz Mr. Charles Card-Childers Ms. Marilyn Maloney Mr. Geon Hwan Seo Mr. Lewis Carlson Mr. Karim Marani Ms. Christine Shaheen Mr. Christopher Castle Ms. Ana Martin Gil Mr. Taylor Shamshiri Mr. Guwei Chen Mr. Dan Martinez Ms. Supriya Sharma Mr. Shuo Chen Ms. Zhijing Mei Mr. Binod Shrestha Ms. Melissa Chicaiza Perdomo Mr. Branden Montgomery Mr. Utkarsh Shukla Mr. Aditya Choudhary Ms. Daniella Moore Mr. Sameer Soleja Mr. Benjamin Cramer Mrs. Diana Morales Mr. Shawn Stankavage Mr. Rene Da Silva Barros Mr. Clayton Natho Ms. Joanna Stratmann Mr. Sarry Dahdah Ms. Ragad Nawwab Mr. Nicolas Svoboda Mr. Jonathan Danforth Mr. Isaiah Neve Mr. Britton Tempton Ms. Diane Dear Ms. Kristin Nordstrom Mr. Kyle Thacker Mr. Nicholai DiBiagio Mr. Venkatakaushik Nunna Mr. Troy Timmer Ms. Alejandra Enriquez-Ibanez Ms. Joyce Olewe Mr. Lee Timmins Mr. Steven Fernandez Ms. Ying Pan Ms. Ruth Tovar Mr. Alex Freire Mr. Paul Pass Ms. Shazia Viceer Mr. Bryant Fulk Ms. Hawabibi Patel Mr. Brian Walker Mr. Cong Gao Mr. Kristopher Pfeiffer Ms. Run Wang Ms. Jaquelyn Gonzalez Boachie Mr. Jonathan Pham Ms. Ying Wang Mr. Justin Gooseberry Mr. Stephen Preston Ms. Lydia Wells Mr. Nicholas Gruy Mr. Patrick Ray Mr. Ke Wu Ms. Hannah Guyton Mr. Brian Reagan Mr. Mengyang Xu Ms. Gelila Haile Mr. Lucas Ribeiro Mr. Fadi Yacob Mr. Fady Hamouie Ms. Suzanne Rismiller Mr. Hao Yan Mr. Edward Hanic Jr. Mr. Paul Rollins Ms. Qianqian Yan Ms. Jingjing Hao Ms. Azara Salifu Mr. Heng Zang Ms. Margaret Hartman Mr. Travis Salinas Mr. Wenbin Zhao Ms. Esther Huang Mr. Mauricio Salla Mr. Minghao Zhou Ms. Sarah Hudgins Mr. Marcos Hilario Samaniego Vega Mr. Junkun Zhu Ms. Noshin Hussain Ms. Katie Samson Ms. Alexis Iademarco Ms. Sastya Dayu R. Indrawarman Ms. Valentina Izquierdo Gifts to the institute are tax deductible under applicable rules. The Baker Institute is Mr. Bradley Johansen part of Rice University’s tax-exempt status as a section 501(c)(3) “public charity.” Mr. Dillon Jones Although we are only able to list those gifts that totaled $50 or more from July 1, 2019, Mr. Leehwan Ju through June 30, 2020, please accept our thanks for each gift, which helps to support Ms. Daniela Justiniano the Baker Institute’s programs and research. Ms. Mikayla Kaake Mr. Joel Kelley We strive for accuracy in acknowledging those who have given to the Baker Institute, and we regret any omission or error, which we ask you to bring to our attention. Mr. Thomas Kendelbacher Mr. Woo Kwan Kim Mr. Sean Kimiagar Ms. Alexandra Krus Ms. Marissa Kubiak Ms. Kate Larson Mr. Dequan Li Mr. Sofiane Louadah

2020 Annual Report | 25 FINANCIAL SUMMARY

The institute’s fiscal year runs ENDOWMENT HISTORY from July 1 to June 30. For the fiscal year ending June 30, 2020, FISCAL MARKET EARNINGS NEW CONTRIBUTIONS YEAR VALUE DISTRIBUTED TO ENDOWMENTS the Baker Institute received $11.81 2010 $ 60.85 $ 3.19 $ 1.05 million in revenue and spent 2011 $ 65.19 $ 3.26 $ 1.44 $11.78 million in expenses. 2012 $ 78.16 $ 3.37 $ 3.86 Distributed earnings from the 2013 $ 81.31 $ 3.33 $ 1.08 Baker Institute’s endowment and 2014 $ 88.69 $ 3.61 $ — current use gifts from supporters 2015 $ 101.09 $ 3.77 $ 2.35 represented the two largest sources 2016 $ 104.24 $ 4.43 $ 0.01 of revenue during the year. Revenue 2017 $ 99.12 $ 4.53 $ 3.10 from research grants constituted 2018 $ 113.05 $ 4.69 $ 1.10 15 % of the institute’s total revenue. 2019 $ 119.75 $ 5.01 $ 4.70

The institute remains self-financed, 2020 $ 130.06 $ 5.27 $ 1.00 with less than 1% of revenue received *Market value as of June 30 of the previous fiscal year (in millions of U.S. dollars) from Rice University funds. The institute’s research centers INCOME STATEMENT — FISCAL YEAR 2020 and programs, including fellow and REVENUE $ 11.81 research staff salaries and research grant expenditures, remain the Baker Institute endowment distribution $ 5.27 largest expense category. Remaining Current use gifts from supporters $ 4.70 costs consist of general operating Research grants $ 1.74 Rice University funds $ 0.10 expenses, including administrative staff salaries; communications, EXPENSES $ 11.78 marketing and fundraising expenses; as well as building maintenance and Research programs and grants $ 8.58 improvement costs. Administration, communications, development and public affairs $ 3.20 While the financial impacts of the COVID -19 pandemic will NET INCOME $ 0.03 create new challenges for raising (in millions of U.S. dollars) institute revenues in the future, the institute remains on a secure financial foundation to support REVENUE — FY2020 existing research activities and n Baker Institute endowment distribution (45%) develop new initiatives through n Current use gifts from supporters (40%) grants, current use gifts, and n Research grants (15%) long-term endowment funding. n Rice University funds (1%)

EXPENSES — FY2020

n Research programs and grants (73%) n Administration, communications, development and public affairs (27%)

26 | Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy EXPERTS

FELLOWS

George W.S. Abbey Richard W. Evans William Martin, Ph.D. Senior Fellow in Space Policy Advisory Board Visiting Fellow Harry and Hazel Chavanne Senior Fellow in Religion and Public Policy Samih Al-Abid, Ph.D. Mark Finley Director, Drug Policy Program Diana Tamari Sabbagh Fellow Fellow in Energy and Global Oil in Middle Eastern Studies Kirstin R.W. Matthews, Ph.D. David A. Gantz, J.D. Fellow in Science and Technology Policy Joe Barnes Will Clayton Fellow in Trade and Bonner Means Baker Fellow International Economics Allen Matusow, Ph.D. Academic Affairs Director Jorge Barro, Ph.D. Vivian Ho, Ph.D. Kenneth B. Medlock III, Ph.D. Fellow in Public Finance James A. Baker III Institute Chair James A. Baker, III, and Susan G. Baker in Health Economics Fellow in Energy and Resource Joyce Beebe, Ph.D. Economics Fellow in Public Finance Peter J. Hotez, M.D., Ph.D. Senior Director, Center for Energy Studies Fellow in Disease and Poverty Kristian Coates Ulrichsen, Ph.D. Dean, National School of Tropical Rachel A. Meidl, LP.D., CHMM Fellow for the Middle East Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine Fellow in Energy and Environment Gabriel Collins, J.D. Mark P. Jones, Ph.D. Michelle Michot Foss, Ph.D. Baker Botts Fellow in Energy and Fellow in Political Science Fellow in Energy, Minerals and Materials Environmental Regulatory Affairs Joseph D. Jamail Chair in Latin American Studies Francisco J. Monaldi, Ph.D. John W. Diamond, Ph.D. Fellow in Latin American Energy Policy Edward A. and Hermena Hancock Kelly Hagop M. Kantarjian, M.D. Fellow in Public Finance Nonresident Fellow in Health Policy Rodrigo Montes de Oca, J.D., LL.M. Director, Center for Public Finance Chair, Department of Leukemia, Research Scholar The University of Texas MD Anderson The Honorable Edward P. Djerejian Cancer Center Quianta Moore, M.D., J.D. Director, Baker Institute Fellow in Child Health Policy Janice and Robert McNair Chair Jim Krane, Ph.D. in Public Policy Wallace S. Wilson Fellow for Katharine Neill Harris, Ph.D. Edward A. and Hermena Hancock Kelly Energy Studies Alfred C. Glassell, III, Fellow in Drug Policy University Chair for Senior Scholars Neal F. Lane, Ph.D. Kelsey Norman, Ph.D. Adrian Duhalt, Ph.D. Senior Fellow in Science and Fellow for the Middle East Postdoctoral Fellow in Technology Policy Director, Women’s Rights, Human Rights Mexico Energy Studies Professor of Physics and and Refugees Program Astronomy Emeritus Edward M. Emmett Tony Payan, Ph.D. Fellow in Energy and Steven W. Lewis, Ph.D. Françoise and Edward Djerejian Fellow Transportation Policy C.V. Starr Transnational China Fellow for Mexico Studies Jesse Jones Leadership Center Summer Director, Center for the United States Kenneth M. Evans, Ph.D. Intern Program Coordinator and Mexico Scholar in Science and Technology Policy Michael D. Maher, Ph.D. Jennifer Rabb, J.D., LL.M. Senior Program Advisor, Director, McNair Center for Center for Energy Studies Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth

2020 Annual Report | 27 EXPERTS

RICE FACULTY SCHOLARS

Jose Ivan Rodriguez-Sanchez, Ph.D. Pedro Alvarez, Ph.D. Elaine Howard Ecklund, Ph.D. Postdoctoral Research Fellow in George R. Brown Professor of Civil and Herbert S. Autrey Chair in Social Sciences International Trade Environmental Engineering Professor of Sociology Director, Religion and Public Life Program Ronald L. Sass, Ph.D. Kevin Biddle Fellow in Global Climate Change Adjunct Professor, Department of Earth, Scott Egan, Ph.D. Environmental and Planetary Sciences Assistant Professor of BioSciences Gilead Sher Isaac and Mildred Brochstein Fellow in Jim Blackburn, J.D. Farès el-Dahdah, Ph.D. Middle East Peace and Security Professor in the Practice of Professor of Humanities in Honor of Yitzhak Rabin Environmental Law Director, Humanities Research Center Co-director, Severe Storm Prediction, Marah Short Education and Evacuation from Mahmoud A. El-Gamal, Ph.D. Associate Director, Center for Health Disasters (SSPEED) Center Professor of Economics and Statistics and Biosciences Chair in Islamic Economics, Finance Dagobert Brito, Ph.D. and Management Robert M. Stein, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus in Economics Fellow in Urban Politics Songying Fang Sergio Chávez Associate Professor of Political Science Mohammad Ayatollahi Tabaar, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Department Fellow for the Middle East of Sociology Julie Fette, Ph.D. Associate Professor of French Studies George Webb, J.D. Leroy Chiao, Ph.D. Scholar for Entrepreneurship Lecturer, Mechanical Engineering Peter Hartley, Ph.D. George A. Peterkin Professor John B. Williams Daniel Cohan, Ph.D. of Economics Fellow, Presidential Elections Program Associate Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering Rachel Kimbro, Ph.D. A.Kadir Yildirim, Ph.D. Professor of Sociology Fellow for the Middle East David Cook, Ph.D. Founding Director, Urban Health Program, Professor of Religion Kinder Institute for Urban Research

Robert Curl, Ph.D. Cin-Ty Lee Kenneth S. Pitzer-Schlumberger Professor and Department Chair, Professor Emeritus of Chemistry Department of Earth, Environmental 1996 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry and Planetary Sciences

André Droxler, Ph.D. Moramay López-Alonso, Ph.D. Professor of Earth Science Associate Professor of History

Luis Duno-Gottberg, Ph.D. Caroline A. Masiello, Ph.D. Professor of Caribbean and Film Studies Professor of Earth, Environmental and Chair, Department of Spanish, Portuguese Planetary Sciences, Chemistry, and Latin American Studies and Biosciences

Douglas Natelson Professor and Department Chair, Department of Physics and Astronomy

28 | Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy RESEARCH STAFF

Leslie Schwindt-Bayer, Ph.D. Zeinab Bakhiet Lebena Varghese, Ph.D. Professor of Political Science Center for Health and Biosciences McNair Center for Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth Richard J. Smith, Ph.D. Pamela L. Cruz George and Nancy Rupp Professor Center for the United States and Mexico Peter Volkmar, Ph.D. of Humanities Emeritus Center for Energy Studies Igor Hernández Ronald Soligo, Ph.D. Center for Energy Studies Han Yan Professor Emeritus of Economics Center for Energy Studies Theresa Hoesl Richard Stoll, Ph.D. Center for Energy Studies Laura Zelaya Albert Thomas Professor of Center for Health and Biosciences Political Science Shih Yu “Elsie” Hung Center for Energy Studies Brandon Zheng Ted Temzelides, Ph.D. China Studies Program George and Cynthia Mitchell Chair Robert Idel Center for Energy Studies in Sustainable Development For a current list of experts, please visit bakerinstitute.org. Moshe Vardi Christopher F. Kulesza, Ph.D. Karen Ostrum George Distinguished Center for Health and Biosciences Service Professor in Computational Jose La Rosa Reyes Engineering Center for Energy Studies University Professor Keily Miller Daniel S. Wagner, Ph.D. Center for Energy Studies Associate Professor of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Leelook Min Center for Energy Studies Dan Wallach, Ph.D. Professor of Computer Science and of Daniel Moralí Electrical and Computer Engineering Center for Health and Biosciences

Calvin H. Ward, Ph.D. Kelly Neill Foyt Family Chair of Engineering Center for Energy Studies Professor Emeritus of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Enrique Quezada Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Center for the United States and Mexico

George Zodrow, Ph.D. Sasathorn Tapaneeyakul, Ph.D. Allyn R. and Gladys M. Cline Chair of Center for Health and Biosciences Economics International Research Fellow, Centre for Patrick S. Tennant, Ph.D. Business Taxation, Oxford University Center for Health and Biosciences Chair, Department of Economics

2020 Annual Report | 29 ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF

Colton Cox Andrew Murillo Lisa Winfrey Policy Assistant to the Director Audiovisual Specialist Grants Specialist

Jeff Falk Rafael Nuñez Patty Yaple Director of National Media Relations Web Manager Graphic Designer

Morgan Garvey Shawn O’Neill Kevin Young Stewardship Officer Senior Graphic Designer Assistant Director of Audiovisual Operations Leah Gross Daniel Padilla Director of Development Audiovisual Technician Karina Zemel Staff Editor Lisa Guáqueta Joelle Paulson Program Manager, Center for Staff Editor Cecelia Zook the United States and Mexico Events Assistant Christine Pfeffer Lianne Hart Financial Coordinator Editorial Director Ben Stevenson Laura Hotze Director of Operations Events Coordinator and Planning

Christene Kimmel Macy Stewart Director of Development — Assistant Director of Events Center for Energy Studies Mustika Urbaningsih Brenda K. Laymance Development Coordinator Administrator, Center for Health and Biosciences Melissa Vossler Program Administrator, J.E. Lyons Center for Energy Studies Logistics Manager Kim Weisbrook Giovanna Marciano Executive Assistant to the Director Director of Finance

30 | Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy JOIN THE CONVERSATION

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