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TAXON:Nicotiana Glauca Graham SCORE:17.0 TAXON: Nicotiana glauca Graham SCORE: 17.0 RATING: High Risk Taxon: Nicotiana glauca Graham Family: Solanaceae Common Name(s): glaucous-leaf tobacco Synonym(s): mustard tree tobacco-bush tree tobacco wild tobacco Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 7 Aug 2018 WRA Score: 17.0 Designation: H(HPWRA) Rating: High Risk Keywords: Toxic Shrub, Disturbance-Adapted, Unpalatable, Self-Compatible, Water-Dispersed Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 y 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 305 Congeneric weed 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y=1, n=-1 y 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 y 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens y=1, n=0 y 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 y Creation Date: 7 Aug 2018 (Nicotiana glauca Graham) Page 1 of 18 TAXON: Nicotiana glauca Graham SCORE: 17.0 RATING: High Risk Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y=1, n=0 n Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone 410 y=1, n=0 y conditions if not a volcanic island) 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 n 412 Forms dense thickets y=1, n=0 y 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs 504 y=1, n=0 n -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native 601 y=1, n=0 n habitat 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally 604 Self-compatible or apomictic y=1, n=-1 y 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 n 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 n 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1 1 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants 701 growing in heavily trafficked areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant y=1, n=-1 n 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal 705 Propagules water dispersed y=1, n=-1 y 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 n 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut y=1, n=-1 n 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) y=1, n=-1 y Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 802 yr) 803 Well controlled by herbicides y=-1, n=1 y 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire y=1, n=-1 y Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced 805 y=-1, n=1 n biocontrol agents) Creation Date: 7 Aug 2018 (Nicotiana glauca Graham) Page 2 of 18 TAXON: Nicotiana glauca Graham SCORE: 17.0 RATING: High Risk Supporting Data: Qsn # Question Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? n Source(s) Notes [Widespread weed. No evidence of domestication] "Native to Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R.& Sohmer, S.H. 1999. Manual of Argentina, now widely naturalized in warm temperate regions of the the flowering plants of Hawaii. Revised edition. University world; in Hawai'i naturalized in open, arid, disturbed sites, 3-350 m, of Hawai͚i Press and Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, HI. on O'ahu, Lana'i, Maui, and Kaho'olawe." 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2018. Personal Communication NA 103 Does the species have weedy races? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2018. Personal Communication NA Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" Source(s) Notes "Native Southern America USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Bolivia 2018. National Plant Germplasm System [Online SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina [Cordoba, Mendoza, Database]. http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/index.html. Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, La [Accessed 7 Aug 2018] Rioja, Salta, San Luis, Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero, Tucuman, Federal District]" 202 Quality of climate match data High Source(s) Notes USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. 2018. National Plant Germplasm System [Online Database]. http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/index.html. [Accessed 7 Aug 2018] Creation Date: 7 Aug 2018 (Nicotiana glauca Graham) Page 3 of 18 TAXON: Nicotiana glauca Graham SCORE: 17.0 RATING: High Risk Qsn # Question Answer 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y Source(s) Notes DiTomaso, J. M., Kyser, G. B., Oneto, et al. 2013. Weed "Drought-tolerant and can survive under a wide range of growing Control in Natural Areas in the Western United States. conditions, but is most commonly found in sandy or gravelly soils Weed Research and Information Center, University of along riparian areas, near cultivated areas, around old dwellings and California, Davis, CA ditch banks." Tropicos.org. 2018. Missouri Botanical Garden. Collected from 4 m elevation, 22°12'00"N latitude to 3600 m http://www.tropicos.org/. [Accessed 7 Aug 2018] elevation, 16°31'00"S latitude Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y subtropical climates Source(s) Notes "Native Southern America WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Bolivia SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina [Cordoba, Mendoza, Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, La Rioja, Salta, San Luis, Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero, Tucuman, Federal District] Naturalized Africa MACARONESIA: Cape Verde, Portugal, [Madeira Islands] Spain [Canary Islands] NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Eritrea, Ethiopia SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe SOUTHERN AFRICA: Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa Asia-Temperate USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. WESTERN ASIA: Egypt, [Sinai] Israel, Lebanon, Turkey 2018. National Plant Germplasm System [Online Australasia Database]. http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/index.html. AUSTRALIA: Australia [Accessed 7 Aug 2018] NEW ZEALAND: New Zealand Europe SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Greece (incl. Crete), Italy (incl. Sardinia, Sicily) SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: France (incl. Corsica), Portugal, Spain Europe Northern America Mexico, United States Pacific NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: U.S. Outlying Islands, [Johnston Atoll] United States [Hawaii] Southern America BRAZIL: Brazil [Mato Grosso do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul] WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Ecuador, Peru SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay" Does the species have a history of repeated 205 y introductions outside its natural range? Creation Date: 7 Aug 2018 (Nicotiana glauca Graham) Page 4 of 18 TAXON: Nicotiana glauca Graham SCORE: 17.0 RATING: High Risk Qsn # Question Answer Source(s) Notes "Naturalized Africa MACARONESIA: Cape Verde, Portugal, [Madeira Islands] Spain [Canary Islands] NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Eritrea, Ethiopia SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe SOUTHERN AFRICA: Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa Asia-Temperate WESTERN ASIA: Egypt, [Sinai] Israel, Lebanon, Turkey Australasia AUSTRALIA: Australia USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. NEW ZEALAND: New Zealand 2018. National Plant Germplasm System [Online Europe Database]. http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/index.html. SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Greece (incl. Crete), Italy (incl. Sardinia, [Accessed 7 Aug 2018] Sicily) SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: France (incl. Corsica), Portugal, Spain Europe Northern America Mexico, United States Pacific NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: U.S. Outlying Islands, [Johnston Atoll] United States [Hawaii] Southern America BRAZIL: Brazil [Mato Grosso do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul] WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Ecuador, Peru SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay" 301 Naturalized beyond native range y Source(s) Notes "Native to Argentina, now widely naturalized in warm temperate Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R.& Sohmer, S.H. 1999. Manual of regions of the world; in Hawai'i naturalized in open, arid, disturbed the flowering plants of Hawaii. Revised edition. University sites, 3-350 m, on O'ahu, Lana'i, Maui, and Kaho'olawe. First of Hawai͚i Press and Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, HI. collected on O'ahu (cultivated material) in 1864-1865 (Mann & Brigham 296, BISH).-" "Naturalized on O͚ahu, Läna͚i, Maui, Kaho͚olawe (Wagner et al., 1990: 1262) and Hawai͚i (Wagner & Herbst, 1995: 26), tree tobacco was recently collected on Moloka͚i. It is fairly common along the south side of the island at least from Kaunakakai to Kamalö. This Oppenheimer, Hank L. 2003. New plant records from Maui alien species is a known host plant for the
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