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Special Libraries, 1950 Special Libraries,

3-1-1950

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NEW BOOKS

Introduction to Criminalistics By C. E. O'Hara and J. W. Osterburg. The first complete, detailed explana- tion of the scientific principles and techniques that can be used in collecting, preserving, analyzing, and evaluating evidence found at the scene of a crime. Written by members of the New York Police Laboratory, the largest, busiest, and most up-to-date criminal investigation center in the world. $10.

Laboratory Fractional Distillation By T. P. Carney. A handbook for pharmaceutical, petroleum, and other organic chemical research workers and laboratory technicians. Brings together the underlying theory and all modem techniques, with especially valuable information on equipment and its use. $5.75

Television for Radiomen By E. M. Noll. Explains the principles of television in clear practical terms for technicians and servicemen. Full information on all modern equipment, showing how its works and why, together with instruction in maintenance and trouble shooting. $7.00

The Structure of American Industry Edited by Walter Adams. Studies of the market structure, pricing, and public policies of 13 industries - cotton and textile; bituminous coal, residential construction, steel, chemicals, cigarette, motion picture, tin and glass con- tainers, shipping and air transport. Final chapters summarize public policy and union labor in a free economy. $4.75

Production and Welfare of Agriculture By T. W. Schultz. A critical study of agricultural policies since the first world war, including chapters on the Brannan and other recent plans for the stabilization of agriculture. The author makes concrete suggestions for solving existing inadequacies in current policies and their implementation. $3.50

Working with People By Auren Uris and Betty Shapin. "Any man or women," writes E. J. Lyons, Vice President of Merck 86 Co., "whose primary responsibility is for the work of others cannot fail to profit from reading this book." Vividly written in dialogue style, it illustrates the human relations problems found in any office or plant and shows how they may best be handled. $3.00

Community Organization and Planning By Arthur Hillmaa A sociological study of various current methods of organizing and planning for community welfare -housing, city planning, recreation, services for children and young people, improved race relations, etc. Communities of all sizes from the rural small town to the large city are discussed. $4.00

L from THE MAcMlUAN COMPANY . NEW YoRK 11 Please Mention Special Libraries When Answering Advertisements CANADIAN ALMANAC AND "th e Dl RECTORY standard Canadian FOR Reference 1 9 5 0 Volume"

For over a century the Canadian Almanac and Directory has been the standard reference work on Canadian affairs, both domestic and foreign. Its present format of over eight hundred pages contains more than fifty thousand indexed listings, every one of which is carefully revised each year. Included in its vast range of information are complete and accurate lists of Dominion, Provincial and Municipal Officials (including Newfoundland) ; Newspapers and Periodicals; Chartered Banks and their Branches; Associations and Societies; Bar- risters and Solicitors; Canadian Statistics; Astronomical Calculations for the Dominion; Libraries and Educational Institutions; the Canadian Tariff of Customs, and other important tax acts; and Post Offices and Railroad Stations.

The usefulness of the Canadian Almanac and Directory for check- ing addresses, the spellings of names of business correspondents, and the precise titles of government and other officials, alone makes it almost indispensable in any modern reference library, whether industrial, civic, or institutional. In addition, its wide range of up-to-date information on many other subjects makes it the most authoritative and complete directory of Canadian affairs available to-day.

Fully Case Bound, $8.50

THE COPP CLARK CO., LIMITED 495-5 17 Wellington St. West TORONTO

Please Mention Special Libraries When Answering Advertisements S~ecialA Libraries OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SPECIAL LIBRARIES ASSOCIATION

Editor ALMACLARVOE MITCHILL CONTENTS Editorial Assistant MRS.WINIFRED YORK FORWOOD VOLUME 41 MARCH1950 NUMBER3 Advertising Manager MRS. KATHLEENB. STEBBINS ARTICLES The Social Science Group, SLA, M. Margaret Kehl ...... SLA OFFICERS, 1949-1950 Keeping Up With The World, Donald Wasson ...... MRS. RUTH HOOKER,President Social Welfare Subject Headings, Naval Research Laboratory Washington 25, D. C. Jeannette Hadan ...... Indexing Labor Journals, MRS. ELIZABETHW. OWENS, First Vice President and Barbara J. Hudson ...... President-Elect Some Problems of Bibliographic Control Mercantile-Commerce Bank & in the Social Sciences, Mildred I. Henry Trust Co., St. Louis 1, Mo. A Special Library in the Bureau of Cen- BEATRICEV. SIMON, sus, Louise H. Clickner and Dorothy W. Second Vice President Kaufman ...... Redpath Library, McGill University, The Library of the Depart- Montreal, Canada ment of Labor, Washington, D. C., Helen M. Steele DAVIDKESSLER, Treasurer ...... General Motors Corporation Proposed Changes, SLA Constitution and Detroit 2, Michigan By-Laws Comparative Chart, Ruth Savord MRS. KATHLEENB. STEBBINS, ...... Secretary SLA Group Highlights ...... 31 East Tenth Street Off The Press ...... New 3, York N. Y. Have You Heard ...... ROSE L. VORMELKER, Immediate Past President Business Information Bureau Cleveland Public Library Cleveland 14, Ohio Indexed in Industrial Arts, Public AtTairs Information Service, and Library Literature

The articles which appear in SPECIALLIBRA- RIES express the views of the authors, and do DIRECTORS not necessarily represent the opinion or the PAULGAY, policy of the editorial staff and publisher. Biddle Law Library University of Pennsylvania SPECIAL LIBRARIES published monthly September to April, 4, Pennsylvania n-ith bimonthly issues May to August, by The Special Libraries Association. Publication Oflce, Rea Building, 704 Second Ave.. MARGARETHATCH Pittsburgh 19, Pa. Address all communications for publication Metropolitan Life Insurmce Co. to editorial ofeces at 31 Bast Tenth Street, New York 3, N. Y. San Francisco 20, California Subscription price : $7.00 a year ; foreign $7.50 : single copies, 76 cents. Entered as second-class matter February 5. 1947, at ESTELLEBRODMAN the Post Office at Pittsburgh, Pennsyluamta, under the Act ol , 1879. Acceptance for mailing at spec(al rate of postaoe U. S. Army Medical Library provided for (n the Act of February 28, 1915, authorized Febru- Washington 25, D. C. ary 5, 1917. RECOMMEND THESE BOOKS TO YOUR COMPANY EXECUTIVES MARCH 0 SURVEYS, POLLS AND SAMPLES Practical Procedures By MILDREDPARTEN, Research Assistant, Department of Psychology, University of Rochester The most up-to-date and comprehensive book yet published on the whole subject of conducting surveys, polls and samples. Here is a systematic, step-by- step description and evaluation of the procedures necessary for successfully carrying out such investigations as consumer and market surveys; public opinion polls; census type, radio audience and social surveys. The growing use of opinion study techniques in business, government, and a variety of research agencies has created an urgent need for this authoritative volume, which will be an invaluable handbook and reference for all concerned with the science of opinion research. $6.00 THE SClENTlFiC APPRAISAL OF MANAGEMENT A Study of the Business Practices of Well-Managed Companies By JACKSON MARTINDELL,President, American Institute of Management ". . . a highly significant contribution to the art of corporate administration in America."-J. DOUGLASBROWN, Dean, . "It will help stockholders and their advisers to understand what makes management good, and thus to act with more intelligence vis-a-vis both good and bad management. It should prove informing and stimulating to both business executives and to those whose job it is to judge their work."--BENJAMIN GRAHAM,author of The Intelligent Investor. $4.00 THE ART OF READABLE WRITING By RUDOLFFLESCH, Author of "The Art of Plain Talk" Invaluable ior the businessman who wants a scientific plan for turning basic facts into readable writing. "The sanest, most practical work on English com- position that I can recall seeing."--- Daily News. ". . . almost certain to have an influence in improving the readability of newspaper reports, business letters . . . and in many other forms of prose!'Aan Francisco Call Bulletin. $3.00 UNIONS BEFORE THE BAR Historic Trials Showing the Evolution of Labor Rights in the United States By ELIASLIEBERMAN, Author of "Collective Labor Agreement" This review of labor's stormy legal history-and its illuminating commentary on the issue of labor's social responsibility-is essential reading for every business executive concerned with future labor legislation. "Those interested in industrial relations will be grateful to Elias Lieberman for making it possible readily to make such a ~~v~~w."--GEORGEW. TAYLOR, Professor of Industry, Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania. Coming . $5.00 Write publisher, Dept. 32, for free catalog of Harper Business Books

AT YOUR BOOKSTORE OR FROM

HARPER & BROTHERS 49 East 33rd st. New York 10, N. Y. rrb Please Mention Special Libraries When Answering Advertisements The Social Science Group, SLA

HE SOCIAL SCIENCE GROUP is com- subjects. The Group is surmounting the Tposed of over nine hundred special complexity of divergent interests by at- librarians, representing a cross section tempting to pull loose ends together in of the Association. The following reso- to sections which are more specific as to lution, defining the purpose and scope subject. Thus the original purpose of of the Group, was adopted in 1948: the predecessor Group (Civic-Social) "The Social Science Group of SLA is is represented in such sections as Pub- designed to include librarians interested lic Administration and Social Welfare. in the science of human affairs and in the inter-relations of groups of individuals. It Since there are many members con- thus includes librarians dealing with re- cerned with educational problems, there lations of one social group to another as is an Education and Library Services in social welfare, education, economics, section. Industrial Relations and Inter- etc,, relations between government and national Relations and History indi- governed (public administration), inter- national relations, and similar subjects. It cate the subject interests of other sec- recognizes the social implications of other tions of this Group. The Sociology fields of interest such as science and busi- (General) Section embraces those ness, but does not study science and busi- whose work fits all or more than one ness, as such!' of these designations. About half of the constituents of this Group have elected Social Science as a Each of these sections is represented secondary interest and are primarily in- by an article in this issue of SPECIAL terested in Science-Technology, Busi- LIBRARIES. ness, Transportation or other Group M. MARGARETKEHL, Chairman

Keeping Up With the World

Mr. Wasson is Assistant Librarian, wrote those words, he was thinking Council on Foreign Relations, Inc., New primarily of cultural relations between York, N. Y. peoples, but broadly interpreted they apply to the subject of international ODAY WE ARE FACED with the relations as well. Indeed, the field of "Tpre-eminent fact that, if civiliza- international relations is so broad these tion is to survive, we must cultivate the days that cultural relations form only a science of human relationships -the small part of the whole subject. Eco- ability of all peoples, of all kinds, to nomic relations occupy an even more live together in the same world, at important part of the field and with peace." When President Rooseveltl the advent of the atomic bomb, we are IB. D. Zevin, ed. Nothing to Fear. New closely approaching the area of pure York, Houghton, Mifflin, 1946. pp. 455-456. science. The subject of international re- lations has become so diverse, at least to histories of those countries. In addi- as interpreted by the libraries devoted ,tion to this, biographies and memoirs to the topic, that many librarians in of the men responsible for the develop- other fields are not aware of what a ment and growth of these countries are wide range our collections cover and necessary. Political, military, economic the information we have to offer. The and geographic information on these discussion which follows is intended to powers is needed and this must be his- indicate the specific fields of interest torical as well as current. No collection within the field of inquiry, and also to on . for instance. could be en- show how the international relations tirely satisfactory if it did not contain library fits into the special library com- material on the political growth of the munity as a whole. While these state- country, with information on the eco- ments are based on experience in a nomic and geographic factors which single library, they typify the majority have exerted a constant influence on of libraries in this expanding field. her external policies. Nor could social In order to define the subject of in- factors, such as education, the influence ternational relations, it may be well to of organized labor, the position of the determine what the student in this field Church and the cultural effect of French attempts to do. According to one au- institutions on the rest of the world be thority" his objectives are grouped un- neglected. In the case of Great Britain, der five headings: (1) analysis of the the evolution of the Commonwealth various forces which influence the for- and its relation to the democratic prin- eign policies of the principal states of ciples of the British constitution are the world; (2) critical examination of factors involving British foreign policy, the methods which states use to carry as witness recent British policy toward on their business with each other, and , Ceylon and Burma. Again, the the instrumentalities which they have Labor Government in Great Britain established for that purpose; (3) assess- must be studied in the light of the effect ment of contemporary economic, po- it may or may not have on economic litical and legal relations among states, conditions in Britain and the world at and the trends which they reveal; (4) large. These are only a few examples study of the means by which conflicts which demonstrate the effect of domes- may be adjusted; and (5) consideration tic factors upon the foreign policies of of the legal and moral principles which great nations, and material on numerous should govern intercourse among na- points must be gathered for the use of tions. It will be seen from these objec- the scholar. tives that international relations, as a EXAMINATIONS OF METHODS USED subject of study, cuts across many of BY STATES the fields of knowledge within the broad An examination of the methods which classification of the social sciences. This states use to carry on business with is quite true, but degree and direction each other involves access to informa- of emphasis then become the guides for tion concerning their economic condi- the student and the librarian in the tions at home, their wealth in some field. Let us then take these objectives products and poverty in others, and and see how the international relations their organization for payments and librarian attempts to meet them. state trading. An excellent example is FOREIGN POLICIES Russia. Here we have a country domi- A study of the foreign policies of nating not only the political but the various countries involves having access economic life of the countries of east- ern Europe. Her method of dealing Grayson Kirk. The Study of International Relations. New York, Council on Foreign Re- with those countries through the Comin- lations, 1947. pp. 8-9. form and by means of a series of

SPECIAL LIBRARIES treaties involving trade clauses must These points are exemplified by the re- be studied, and the library should be in cent case against Albania brought be- a position to provide the documentary fore the International Court of Justice and secondary materials for such study. by Great Britain. Questions of recog- The relationship of Great Britain to the nition of new governments are frequent- rest of the sterling area has been a ly under examination and an example major subject of discussion since the of this is the recognition of Communist war, and the effect of this upon world by Great Britain. Factors which trade and European unity is under ex- would favor such action will be studied, amination by the user of the interna- as well as the effect of such recognition tional relations library. upon Great Britain's relations with Closely related to the subjects just France, the or the United outlined is the study of economic, polit- States. Material on the structure of ical and legal relations between states, world organizations, proposals for re- and obvious, if complicated, examples gional federations, and schemes for are the Marshall Plan and the Presi- world government must be provided in dent's Point Four Program for eco- detail. These questions all involve the nomic assistan c e to underdeveloped use of historical as well as current ma- areas. Materials for the study of these terials and include among others, eco- two programs will cover a great num- nomic, political and legal sources. ber of topics. For the countries to which aid is to be given, we must provide in- SCOPE OF THE INTERNATIONAL formation on their economic situations; RELATIONS LIBRARY their budgetary requirements with due It should be evident that the scope regard to demands of reconstruction; of the international relations library is and their trade relations with each broad and includes a wide variety of other and with non-participating coun- information. At the risk of over-simpli- tries. And, to add to all this, we must fication, examples given have been kept have data available on the effect of general and somewhat theoretical, but such programs upon the economy of the it should be noted that in addition to United States. Further than this we the academic, there is a very practical are interested in public opinion both in function of the international relations the United States and abroad concern- library. The question of nationality is ing these programs, and we need to pro- a common one, and lawyers have pre- vide information on what our govern- vented deportation of stateless persons ment may be doing to inform people by making direct use of our documents abroad of the political motives behind and other materials. Restitution of prop- the programs. In order to provide sources erty, and settlement of property claims for the study of these programs, then, by business men have similarly been we have covered a number of areas aided by consulting the sources avail- which, except for our particular empha- able in such libraries. These are only sis, the uninitiated might well feel we two examples intended to indicate the could avoid. many practical uses to be made of such libraries. Examination of the means by which conflicts may be adjusted and the con- The sources of information for the sideration of the legal and moral prin- study of all these questions range from ciples which govern relations between books to press releases. Book material countries involves use of collections of and collections of serials are chiefly re- international law above all. In addition, quired for historical research, although we must have information on the his- of course, many "spot" reference ques- toric relations of countries, past con- tions require their constant use. flicts and continuing points of friction. (Continued on page 109)

MARCH, 1950 Social Welfare Subject Headings1

Miss Hagan is Librarian of the Cat- Mrs. Commons demanded an efficient alog Department, University of Cali- library and wanted her staff to be fully fornia, Los Angeles, California. informed about the Act itself. We all took the basic training courses con- Y INTRODUCTION TO social welfare ducted by the Social Security Board M subject headings was in February Training School for its operating per- 1937 when I reported for duty as one sonnel, and we attended conferences. of the assistant catalogers in the Catalog She also arranged Library staff meet- Department of the Social Security ings with experts from within the Board Board Library in Washington, D. C. At as speakers. We learned all that we that time, Mrs. Ellen Commons was the could and then the three catalogers sat chief librarian, Louise Beitzell, the head down to work with the great amount of cataloger, and Mary McGeorge, the material that was coming into the Li- other assistant cataloger. The Supreme brary. Very soon we found it necessary Court had yet to puts its stamp of ap- to make changes here and there to fit proval on the Social Security Act, but our own needs. The only cards in our the Board personnel was hopeful. The catalog with the heading "Social Secur- Library had already been established. ity" were title cards, which were useless. The basic decision had been made to In June 1937, the Special Libraries use the Library of Congress cards as Association held its national Conven- much as possible and also the subject tion in . Miss Beitzel headings and class numbers as given on and I spent most of a day with Mrs. the cards. Once the constitutionality of Adams at the Russell Sage Foundation the Act itself had been established, the Library. Mrs. Adams, the cataloger of entire country would have to be in- the Foundation Library, had been very formed, but before the program and active on the committee of the Social educational campaign could get under Science Group which prepared Social way, the Board personnel had to learn Welfare, A List of Subject Headings in about the Social Security Act and a Social Work and Public Welfare. The gigantic training program had to be preface to this publication includes a planned. Before all those plans could be quotation taken from the Social Work executed, a library had to be assem- Year Book for 1937 which defines the bled, the printed information had to be List: "The close relationships existing put to work, and social theory trans- between social work and other fields. lated into action. Books and pamphlets such as health, education, religion and were bought, Library of Congress cards so forth, make it necessary to include were purchased and a catalog started. some discussion of the social activities of related fields in a volume of this 1 Paper presented at the meeting of the So- sort. This necessity presented itself cial Welfare Section of the Social Science Group, on June 15, 1949, during the SLA also to the compilers of this list. The Convention in Los Angeles, California. related subjects which they felt needed

80 SPECIAL LIBRARIES to be included to a greater or lesser as any special librarian knows, is the degree, are Crime and law enforcement, best source from which to secure infor- Juvenile delinquency and juvenile mation, and the reference department courts, Education, Public health, Immi- can assemble material quickly only if gration and Americanization, Labor, the catalog department has indexed it Penology and Mental hygiene. Three under the name of the place in the pub- other subjects which were at first tenta- lic catalog. The Library of Congress tively listed were: Economics, Political system usually had the name of the science, and International relations. place follow the heading in the social These were eliminated because the size science field. This presented itself to and purpose of our list would not per- us whenever we undertook to assemble mit adequate handling of them. The all of the material available on the fiscal earnest endeavor of the committee with capacity of the states. We ordered all respect to the inclusion of terms has the books and documents available that been to choose or reject them on the would in any way reflect the ability of basis of their social implications." The a state to raise money by taxation. At List itself is sixty-four pages long and the same time we ordered the Library includes see and see also references and of Congress cards and we found on refer froms. This last is noteworthy be- them headings like these: 1. Budget, fol- cause the Library of Congress did not lowed by the state's name; 2. Taxes, even publish its refer froms until almost subdivided by the area; 3. Gasoline- five years later, and then in a separate Taxation, subdivided further by the volume. However, the Library of Con- area; 4. Liquor traffic - Taxation, sub- gress List issued this spring did include divided by the area. In other words, refer froms in the same alphabet. material was scattered all through the The great mass of material appear- alphabet. We considered the plan of ing in the periodical press had to be simply reversing this form and placing listed and analyzed in the weekly ac- the name of the state first. The Social cession list by the Library staff for cir- Welfare List of the Special Libraries culation among Board personnel. Those Association had merely stated that "It articles of monographic status had to be is intended that geographic or regional represented in the public catalog, and headings be handled in accordance with above all, the terminology employed in the usage of the Library, either follow- the Social Security Act itself had to be ing or preceding the subject heading." used in the catalog. A Social Security After much discussion, it was agreed Board Library set up under the Social to develop special subdivisions to be Security Act most certainly had to used under place and to make them have material listed under Social Se- more general-in this case all studies curity in its catalog-it would not do telling anything about the fiscal capac- to place it under the Library of Con- ity of a state would be given the ge- gress heading, "Insurance, State and ographic heading first and followed by compulsory", or under the SLA head- the subdivision-Financial affairs. We ing, "Insurance, Social." We used the also continued to use the regular Li- SLA list, the Library of Congress list, brary of Congress subdivision under and then started a list of our own. place, name, appropriations and ex- The grant-in-aid feature of the pro- penditures and connected them by a gram meant that investigators would be see also reference. This subdivision and sent to the various states to see what similar ones under names of states have was going on but that before they could been most helpful during the years understand or intelligently observe, they since, but perhaps the most useful of had to have information about the dif- all has been the subdivision Social se- ferent geographical areas. The library, curity program under names of states.

MARCH, 1950 This has meant that by looking under any new subject heading to cover the "California -Social security program", projected health program of the Presi- one would be able to locate information dent. They simply use "Medical ser- about any phase of the program in vice", or "Insurance, Health", whichever so far as it was written about in Cali- is applicable. If and when the program fornia, either the needy aged, the needy comes into operation, no doubt the Ad- blind, dependent children, survivor's in- ministration will incorporate the phrase surance or unemployment compensa- used in the Act itself in the Library tion. There is a need for more sub- catalog in much the same way that the divisions under place, more cross refer- Administration now uses "Unemploy- ences, and more definitions, but all ment compensation" instead of "Insur- under place. Another feature of the list ance, Unemployment" for data on un- is that Bibliography not only follows employment insurance in the catalog the subject when it is appropriate, but for United States material, since that also it precedes it. In other words, it is was the term used in the Act. It seems the policy of the Social Security Ad- likely that the Administration will em- ministration Library to make two cards ploy similar breakdowns under the new for every bibliography subject: i.e., medical headings that are used at pres- "Aid to dependent children-Bibliogra- ent under "Unemployment compensa- phy" and for the same work, also "Bibli- tion". Due to increased volume of work ography-Aid to dependent Children". and decreased staff, the printed revision The Social Security Board Subject of the list is very indefinite. Heading List contains definitions and Dorothy H. Andree, of the Library of the Library feels that after almost ten the Minnesota Division of Social Wel- years of intensive use by an ever-chang- fare, has duplicated her list of headings, ing Library staff, the very best thing which represents something newer than about the 1940 List is the authenticity the Social Security List. She has not in- of the headings-that is, the way in cluded any definitions, nor any refer which they were definitely tied up with froms, because, as she said in a recent the Act. They regret that the refer from letter, "since our 'staff' consists only of file was not incorporated in the publish- myself and one half-time assistant and ed list; that it exists only in a card file there are many times when new mate- in the main Library. rials must be quickly made available DIFFICULTY WITH MEDICAL HEADINGS to our agency staff, we often have to Some difficulty has been experienced speed up our cataloging to accomplish with medical headings, especially those our purpose . . . please forgive my that have social implications. The orig- rather 'free' method of setting down inal list set up "Medical service, Social- our subject-heading list." What particu- ized" to cover services when they were larly interested me in her list was what paid for by public funds but performed she had done with the heading "Law". by private agents, while on the other Miss Andree has used "Law" first in the hand, "Medical service, State" was used heading and followed it by a subdivision to cover service when paid for by taxes to indicate the kind of law, thus "Law- and performed by those on the public Aid to dependent children"; "Law- payroll. Since that time there has been Blind"; "Law-Employment", etc. Helen a great deal written on a health pro- Rogers, Librarian of the Indiana State gram. The business of trying to decide Department of Public Welfare, is of what was the appropriate term became the opinion that "Almshouses" and very complicated and the phrase "so- "Transients and homeless" should be cialized medicine" was something to eliminated from up-to-date social wel- avoid at all costs. The Social Security fare subject heading lists and more Administration has not as yet added modern medical headings devised.

82 SPECIAL LIBRARIES All of which leads me to suggest that ton at the time working on her book, perhaps the Social Science Group could A Library Classification for Public Ad- undertake something similar to that ministration Materials, entered into the which the university industrial relations discussion and had a great deal to con- librarians have been doing under the tribute. The Social Security Board List chairmanship of Hazel Benjamin of the at that time was in manuscript form Industrial Relations Section, Depart- and the final decision had not been ment of Economic and Social Institu- made about which term to use. After a tions, Princeton University. Two years great deal of consideration, it was de- ago this Group decided to make up a cided to use "Trade union" in the So- composite list of subject headings now cial Security 'List. Mrs. Glidden pre- in use in some of the university indus- ferred "Labor union". In the composite trial relations libraries, namely: Chi- list of the University Institute of Indus- cago, Cornell, Michigan, Princeton, trial Relations, the term "Labor union" Queens, Stanford; later Illinois, Wash- is used at Chicago, Cornell, Michigan ington and UCLA were added. The ac- and Stanford; while Princeton and tual work of compiling was done at Queens use "Trade union". Princeton under Miss Benjamin's super- One finds about an even number on vision. Then the list was distributed to both sides of the fence on the old ques- the committee and to the cooperating tion of inverted headings--especially in institutions. The recently released copy the field of insurance--and can one has four columns on each page: 1. Sub- really say which is better, "Insurance, ject headings; 2. Alternative terms; 3. Health" or "Health insurance"? Can one See also references; 4. Refer froms- make all headings direct? I worked for with the letters representing the libra- more than a year at the Railroad Re- ries given after them. One heading that tirement Board Library in Chicago and attracted my eye was "Labor unions" the catalog there had been set up with because I had been in Washington dur- the direct form, i.e., "Health insurance", ing the days of the birth of the CIO "Invalidity insurance", "Old age insur- when the debate over which was the ance", "Social insurance", etc., and I correct term-"Labor union" or "Trade had recently come from the Social Se- union* was raging-and there was as curity Board Library. In that library the much difference of opinion regarding form had been followed which, after them as there was about "Employer's all, represented a bit of the classified liability" and "Workmen's compensa- catalog in the midst of a dictionary tion". One group thought it heresy to catalog. We all know that it is the ex- lump them because they represented ception that proves the rule--and per- two opposite ideas--organization hori- haps we all agree that a really good zontally and organization vertically. librarian is one who knows when to use Mrs. Glidden, who was in Washing- her judgment and be inconsistent.

SPECIAL LIBRARIES ASSOCIATION ANNUAL CONVENTION ATLANTICCITY, NEW JERSEY CHALFONTE-HADDONHALL HOTEL JUNE 12-16, 1950 Watch for the issue of SPECIALLIBRARIES which will contain the Preliminary Convention Program. This Program has formerly appeared in the May-June issue.

MARCH, 1950 83 Indexing Labor Journals

Miss Hudson is Librarian of the Joint and receives about 2000 serials reg- Library of the Bureau of Public Admin- ularly, not including annual and semi- istration and Library of Economic Re- annual reports. search, University of California, Berk- Our treatment of any group of ma- eley, California. terial is conditioned necessarily by the use made of the collection as a whole. HERE HAS LONG BEEN a small nucle- A special library on a university campus Tus of libraries interested in labor in a metropolitan area is apt to number literature. However, the upsurge of this varied groups in its clientele. University interest, which has led to the establish- faculty, graduate students and under- ment at more than a score of American graduates make up the bulk of our universities of special departments for patrons which last year totaled 26,000 the study and teaching of industrial re- individuals; approximately 69,500 lations, accompanied by special libra- items were circulated. The Bureau of ries in the field, has been a very recent Public Administration is a research or- development. From the viewpoint of ganization with a full-time research length of experience, the Joint Library staff, and we naturally devote consider- of the Bureau of Public Administration able time to the needs of this staff. In and Library of Economic Research at addition, since we do not restrict the the University of California has un- use of our material, we have a consider- doubtedly made some contribution to able clientele among public officials, newcomers in the field. In the extent of clubs and interested public. the collection and the thoroughness of Due to the interest of certain faculty our handling of it, however, we could members in the Economics Department not claim a place among the newer and of the Librarian who established more specialized collections. the Library, we have attempted to col- The Library of Economic Research lect labor journals and other trade was established by the Economics De- union publications for the last thirty partment in 1918. The Bureau of Pub- years. At the last count, our collection lic Administration organized its Library of labor journals and newspapers num- in 1920; six years later the two com- bered two hundred and twelve. Since bined under one librarian to increase the last survey was made in 1948, our the serviceability of both libraries and fist has changed somewhat-labor papers to avoid duplications in such fields as have such a high birth and mortality public utilities, finance, taxation, labor rate. Of the approximately two hun- and allied subjects which might be clas- dred papers received, current numbers sified equally well either with economics of only forty-five titles are retained; the or public administration. The Library is older files are turned over to the Uni- a document, pamphlet and periodical versity Library for binding and perma- collection which attempts to supple- nent shelving. We bind a few of those ment, rather than duplicate, the collec- which we retain. Unfortunately, the cost tion in the University Library and its of binding makes it prohibitive to bind branches. The only books in our collec- everything. tion are reference works. The collection Roughly half of the titles are scanned now consists of approximately 180,000 regularly for items to be indexed. The items, exclusive of volumes of serials, selection is not particularly scientific.

SPECIAL LIBRARIES There is a group which obviously attempt to be all inclusive in our index- merits the attention because of the ing. The type of article which we do not importance of the union publishing the include in our catalog is the press ser- paper, the evident value of the infor- vice material which appears in very mation contained in the journal, or slightly changed form in practically for local interest reasons. Considerable every journal. In the selection process, flexibility is achieved by the exercise of the most important element is the abil- discretion on the part of the librarian ity of the librarian to anticipate the whose task it is to handle the labor ma- problems which are going to become terial. If nothing of value appears in a matters of general concern. In our or- given journal for some time, it may be ganization, one staff member handles dropped from the list, whereas, another all the material in the labor field from will be added if she finds that it con- the viewpoint of both union and man- tains information of interest to our pub- agement; and the same person covers lic. The one hundred titles analyzed all the material in the public personnel fall into three roughly equal categories. field. In the last analysis, the success of About one-third of the magazines are the selection process is dependent upon indexed fully, another one-third may the discretion of the librarian. have one or two articles which are con- We have not selected our periodicals sidered of sufficient interest to note in for indexing from the viewpoint of their each issue of our catalog, and the re- inclusion or exclusion from published maining third may have an analytic indexes. In the first place, as we all made for an article. It takes one librari- know, labor papers have not been in- an approximately one full day a week to dexed to any great extent. Secondly, scan these periodicals and to make the Public Affairs Information Service is necessary indications for the typist who the only guide which we have in our makes entries for the catalog. own Library. Lastly, our catalog has SELECTION OF MATERIAL TO BE been developed as a more or less com- INDEXED prehensive index to all the material in The basis of selection of the articles our Library. to be indexed is again dependent upon It is our feeling that the greatest sin- the use which is made by the patrons gle asset of our Library is our catalog. of the Library. Since we are also a pub- Ephemeral material, such as we collect, lic administration library, we are par- rarely is accorded the cataloging time ticularly interested in the relationships and expense which books automatically between labor and government. In fact, receive. We have developed the collec- the most concentrated use of our labor tion and the catalog on the theory that periodicals in the last few years has any item which has sufficient value to been by a class given in the Political be added to the collection deserves the Science Department on the subject of same consideration that books receive labor in politics. We try to pick up the in libraries which are primarily book unions' viewpoint in matters of general collections. The catalog is arranged by policy as well as specific information. subject only; there is no author catalog Historical development of a given union in the usual sense. An expansion of the is of interest to us since many of our Library of Congress system has been students are working in the labor his- used and continues to be modified to tory field. Local papers are treated suit the changing emphasis of current somewhat more fully than national or- interests. Our material falls almost en- gans. We emphasize, however, that de- tirely within the "H" and "J" classes in tailed study of any given union necessi- the Library of Congress grouping. tates thorough reading of the files of Our subject headings are kept on that union's official journal-we do not small cards, measuring about three by

MARCH, 1950 85 two and a half inches. Each librarian (Special) Vacations and holidays. has a wooden tray on her desk in which We feel this gives us the opportunity this "baby cat" is kept for easy refer- to be very specific and at the same ence. Although the total subject head- time, gives us flexibility. Whenever the ing list comprises nineteen hundred and need arises, the name of a new indus- thirty-six headings, we have an expan- try, occupation or function may be I sion device which we consider useful. added to the "specials" list under the SUBJECT HEADINGS appropriate heading. Each 1i br ari an keeps a complete list of "specials" in a Under a great many subject head- looseleaf binder and a memorandum is ings' we use a system of what we circulated to each staff member when- "specials." Despite the large number of ever a new Yspecial,, is added or an ob subject headings, there is need for greater detail in many cases. For in- solete one is deleted. stance, an article on collective bargain- Although we make numerous entries ing in the steel industry would be some- for the catalog, we keep the form of the what buried under the general heading card as simple as possible. The subject Collective bargaining. To bring out ma- heading appears in red; the body of the terial more specifically, we use "spe- card has the personal author or title cials" with about one hundred of our entry as the case may be, the title, name subject headings. That is, following the of the periodical, volume number, pag- general heading, Collective bargaining, ing and data. We do not use notes on we have another heading, Collective periodical analytics, we use sub-titles bargaining (Special). Under it there only if they are necessary to explain are sixty-six possible breakdowns. As a the title. Often the titles used on arti- result, we may put an article on collec- cles in labor papers are too cryptic to tive bargaining in the steel industry be very illuminating. In such cases, an under Collective bargaining (Special) explanatory title is supplied in square Steel. Similarly, an article could be brackets. brought out under Shipbuilding, Petrol- Since Our is arranged sub- cum, Agriculture, &-., as "specials" un- ject, it is a simple mmer to file peri- der the general subject heading. ~h~ odical references with the regular cat- same device is used for such headings as alog. In this way we have a Labor by trade, Wages, Hours, Strikes, under any One subject to all the etc. If this same article on collective in the Library. bargaining in the steel industry con- We are not, however, advocating a tained sufficient information on hours purely subject catalog; we regret that and earnings, the fact would be brought Ours is an and subject cat- out by cards under Wages (Special) alog combined- To make the catalog Steel and Hours (Special) Steel. If a more usable, we have a system which strike of steel workers were discussed, amounts to an author list for all tor- a card could be made with the heading porate entries, which comprise the bulk strikes (special) steel. ~h~ device is of our material. Each organization is useful also under such subjects as Labor under a given subject. The contracts. rn this case the uspecialn is main card for each of that organiza- by type of contract clause. q-hat is, col- tion's publications is classified with that lective bargaining in the steel industry subject heading regardless of the sub- might have led to a contract which made ject matter of the given publication. interesting provision for treatment of Secondary cards are used under the ap- shift work or vacations. The library user propriate subject headings. BY main- would find this quickly by looking under taining a file of organizations by name the subject heading hbor contracts with the subject heading under which (Special) Shifts, or Labor contracts (Continued on page 108)

86 SPECIAL LIBRARIES Some Problems of Bibliographic Control In the Social Sciences1

Miss Henry is Chief of the Business era1 an instrument of expression. Ideas Department of the John Crerar Library, came fast and could not wait out the Chicago, Illinois. slow periods of monographic presenta- tion. Associations of scholars in specific FFECTIVE LIBRARIANSHIP in the so- fields adopted the journal article as a E cial sciences is handicapped by means of communication among them- the nature of the sciences themselves, selves and the segmentation of knowl- by the inadequacy of its bibliographic edge and literature was under way. tools and controls, by the isolating pro- As traffickers in books, the library cesses of specialization which are in- profession was ill-prepared for this creasingly effective in all fields of change of media and our systems of knowledge, and, most of all, by the real classification have continued to be in- weakness and threatened failure of adequate for this finicky diet. Specific communication within and between articles were lost in our catholic sys- groups of specialists. The nature of tems of classification. For safekeeping the problem prevents anyone from pro- we put them under general subject posing any immediate solution, but headings and far too frequently could there are ways to approach it and it not find them later. The process was might be well for us to consider some uneconomical and in the late nineteenth of the sources of the condition and to century we made some individual and do what we can, wherever we can, to cooperative attempts at classification, give encouragement to whatever will but even with these general aids, both help to relieve them. the volume and the diversity were too In our state of bibliographic simplic- great for individual librarians to use. ity, the first catalog consisted of mon- Separate indexing services began to ap- astic manuscript lists, an uncomplicated pear in the early twentieth century, reference to something written, whole covering larger or smaller areas, over- and complete. In elementary subject lapping each other, duplicating each catalogs which followed, it was always other, and omitting whole areas entire- the book, the whole book, as a unit, ly. They are for the most part excellent which was considered. As printing pro- and indispensable tools, but today they cesses developed and the volume of are so numerous, and many so special, written works increased, the expanding that even the largest, most affluent in- cataloging processes brought small seg- stitutions cannot hold, or reconcile, all ments of the book to the surface. How- of them. ever, with the advance of scientific de- As a more recent development, since velopment, the book became too gen- the periodical pot was overflowing at such a rate that even the subject spe- J Paper read at the Catalogers' Dinner, No- vember 11, 1949, ALA Midwest Regional Con- cialist could not keep up with it, ab- ference held in Grand Rapids, Michigan, No- stracting became a necessity. The ab- vember 7-12, 1949. strac t performs two important functions:

MARCH, 1950 it serves as a guide to the most valuable profound. They have further altered in an embarrassment of valuables, and the content and direction of social re- it becomes a substitute for the complete search and created new problems in the reading of matters of marginal interest. dynamics of human behavior and its Indexing and abstracting, our two effect upon our social, economic and most effective tools, have developed political institutions-not the least of most fully and functionally in the sci- which is the differential rate at which ence-technology field where the journal segments of social policy are translated article itself is most effectively used. into social action. LACK OF DEVELOPMENT IN These and many other factors con- BIBLIOGRAPHIC CONTROLS tribute to the lag in the development In comparison with the science-tech- of bibliographic controls in this field nology field, the social sciences have and the problems which are created and been very backward in the develop- continued by these conditions are the ment of bibliographic controls. This re- concern of the librarian-and not alone tardation is due to a large extent to the of the librarian in the social science nature of the social sciences, ascribable field. As a profession we are concerned in varying degrees to the following with the communication and intercom- factors: First, there has been a lag in munication of knowledge, the site of the development of a scientific method- our most disastrous weakness in this ology in the social sciences. Second, the era of specialization -the divider of systematic treatise held its own much concepts and men. As Dixon Wechter longer in this field and until very re- says in a review of Lancelot Hogben's cently there has been failure to identify significant new book, From Cave Paint- its many segments. Third, the data of ing to Comic Strip: a History of Human the social sciences come from the print- Communication, "Man's experiment ed page, from secondary sources. Fourth, with living on this contracting planet is research in the social sciences differs mainly a problem in communication". essentially from that of the physical Librarianship ought to reflect the sciences where the elements of meas- flow of literature within and between urement and experimentation are com- groups. Intra-communication is often paratively stable and controllable. The quickly and effectively achieved in spe- material of the social sciences is man, cial libraries, in universities and in large who changes and reacts to change. It is research foundations, but with respect an inescapable fact that human be- to inter-communication, there are gaps havior is influenced by human behavior in the functioning of libraries and in and, as a consequence, research in the the literature itself. Neither the inter- social sciences is sometimes distressing- relation of libraries nor the bibliogra- ly like Alice's game of croquet with phic services do an adequate job. We the Queen of Hearts. The mallet under need a workable exchange between our arm may at any moment let out a groups of specialists-a flow to and squawk, the ball uncurl itself and wad- from-a contemporary dissemination of dle away, the immediate goal itself, the the best of social thinking. wicket, unbend itself and go off to tea. FUNCTION OF THE LIBRARY Fifth, and perhaps an aspect of the I believe the function of the librarian last, social research is reflected in social is to assist the user to become articulate policy. For example, in the first three about his wants and to put him in the months of 1933 many concepts which way of finding the thread that will lead before then were contined to theory him to their satisfaction. This function were translated into administrative law. presupposes an integrated background The effect upon the economy and the of knowledge in the librarian and with social policies of the nation have been it a responsibility to cooperate with the

88 SPECIAL LIBRARIES scholar in synthesizing knowledge to The integrity of the profession as a the end that, retaining our intensive whole depends upon the clarity with grasp of a special field, we can resume which each unit of knowledge is recog- communication between field and field nized, handled and carried to the point and rescue ourselves from Babel. We where it plays its fullest part in the can expect that the division of knowl- total social picture. It is increasingly edge into smaller and smaller units and apparent that while the social science the librarian's need to identify and lo- librarian must himself be a respectable cate smaller and smaller units in a lit- scholar in the social sciences, every re- erature in which the tools become more sponsible librarian must understand the and more special will continue and we whole concept and give support to every must find some way to bring the seg- part of the integrating process, even ments together. when it seems remote from his own li- The first step appears to be funda- brary. There is not any quick and sim- mentally a matter of segregating and ple way to achieve this nor any one defining concepts and agreeing on termi- way, but there are good ways and some nology which will identify the concept. attempts are being made to utilize This responsibility, of course, lies with them. An example is that of one of the the scholar, but the librarian can and cooperative projects undertaken last should accept the responsibility of the year by a group of librarians in indus- profession as public opinion leader and trial relations sections of the large uni- emphasize the need versities in United States and Canada. This group enjoys a particularly favor- Technological development of me- able relationship which exists between chanical aids, the step beyond the long- the directors of the institutes (i.e., a hand tools, gives urgency to this prob- segment of the social science scholars) lem. The value of the Bush-Shaw Rapid Selector, for instance, now in operation and the librarians. in the Department of Agriculture Li- As one of several successful ventures, brary, is immeasurable as a sorter out, a committee of the group, under the a pin-point bomber of strategic areas of chairmanship of Hazel Benjamin of knowledge, but the secret of its effec- Princeton University, has undertaken tive operation is codification and our to prepare an analysis of subject head- present ability to codify in the social ings in use in the practical field of in- dustrial relations in approximately sciences is extremelv" weak. The effi- ciency of the machine is no greater than twenty such centers, and, eventually, to the intellectual precision with which we work out a systematic outline of that feed ideas into it. (For example, in a particular field of knowledge, complete study of severance pay plans on which with agreed definitions. (How urgently I worked in 1947, I found that what I this step is needed, even in this rela- called severance pay was variously re- tively tight little area, is shown by a ten ferred to as exit-, lay-off-, separation-, per cent sample taken of preliminary termination-, terminal-pay, discharge listings of headings actually in use in compensation or wage, discharge allow- five libraries: of a total of 137 head- ance-, boqus, gratuity, indemnity, re- ings, 93 are used by only one library, muneration, settlement, etc.-all good 20 by 2, 16 by 3, 6 by 4, and 2 by 5.) and descriptive names, but difficult to The final effect of this work will not trace through the literature and impos- necessarily mean the arbitrary imposi- sible to use, without reconciliation, for tion of uniform headings, with attend- code purposes.) This reconciliation is ant revisions, upon all of these libraries. not alone the responsibility of the spe- Immediately, it will help in coordinat- cial librarian and it isn't the sole re- ing subject headings with catalog en- sponsibility of catalogers and classifiers. (Continued on page 110)

MARCH, 1950 A Special Library In the Bureau of the Census

Mrs. Clickner and Miss Kaufman are WHAT COMPRISES THE COLLECTION? both engaged in the Municipal Refer- At present the total collection num- ence Service, U. S. Bureau of the Cen- bers over 71,000 pieces, exclusive of sus, Washington, D. C., Mrs. Clickner periodicals, comprising reports, docu- in the capacity of Librarian. ments, monographs, codes, proceedings, textbooks and general reference works. T IS NOT UNUSUAL for cities to oper- Recurrent documents, some 6200 an- I ate municipal reference libraries. nual and biennial series in all, are re- However, it may surprise many to dis- ceived from the 48 states, the 397 cities cover that the Federal government having populations over 25,000, and se- maintains such a library in the Bureau lected counties, small cities, townships, of the Census. The purpose and facil- and special districts. Selected Federal ities of this library are developed in the documents, especially those containing answers to the following questions. intergovernmental data, are also ac- WHAT IS THE MUNICIPAL REFERENCE quired. SERVICE? Nongovernmental agencies, such as It is a central depository of materials university research bureaus, taxpayers on state and local government, estab- associations, state leagues of municipal- lished in 1937 in the Government's Di- ities, and other public administration vision of the Bureau of the Census. Its groups contribute numerous releases purpose is to assemble and maintain a and studies. collection of current inform ation on The collection is supplemented by these governments and to assist the staff 725 magazines in the social science field of the Bureau and other interested per- and a 60-volume looseleaf state tax sons and agencies in making effective service. use of these source materials. The value of the collection lies in its WHAT SUBJECT FIELDS ARE COVERED? currency, but essential materials ac- The subjects emphasized in the Mu- quired in past years are retained to pro- nicipal Reference Service collection are vide adequate background information. government finance, public personnel, All but a very small proportion of the government organization, and legisla- acquisitions are received without charge. tion. Functional fields of state and local HOW IS MATERIAL SELECTED AND government having major coverage are: SECURED? education and libraries, highways, pub- Book reviews, bibliographies and lic health, public welfare, housing, re- news items are checked regularly for creation, public works, planning, safety pertinent current releases. and publicly-owned utilities. Less ex- Specifically, some of the bibliogra- tensive coverage applies to elections, phic indexes utilized are: Public Af- labor, business and industry, economic fairs Information Service (weekly ser- conditions, agriculture and marketing, vice), Monthly Catalog of United States and natural resources. Government Publications, Recent Pub- Acquisition of materials on new sub- lications on Governmental Problems, jects depends on our agency program. Municipal Reference Library Notes, SPECIAL LIBRARIES Public Management Sources, Tax In- issuing governmental unit, but frequent- stitute Book Shelf, and Monthly Check- ly as to other levels of government- list of State Publications. Booklists in e.g., municipal and county data in state such Federal government journals as documents, township and special dis- Social Security Bulletin, Public Roads, trict data in county documents. Survey of Current Business and Month- More detailed procedures in the ly Labor Review direct attention to sig- handling of periodicals than is custom- nificant reports. ary are necessary to keep us informed An excellent source for keeping post- of current developments in government- ed on Public Laws and Congressional al organization and finance. Even brief reports afltecting state and local govern- statements make us aware of such oc- ment is the weekly AMA Washington currences and provide the basis for News Letter. News notes and book lists further investigation when this is re- in the National Municipal Review, Pub- quired. Recurrent reports and articles lic Management and American Political are cataloged to indicate specific issues Science Review are helpful. References of the journals containing them. to studies on planning and public works WHAT STAFF SERVICES ARE PERFORMED? often will appear first in American City. About 80 per cent of the reference The weekly Bond Buyer is a gold mine work, including an average of 1000 of news items relating to financial re- loans monthly, is performed to aid the ports and surveys. staff of the Census Bureau's Govern- Requests for books and pamphlets ments Division in the compilation and are made by telephone, form letters and editing of reports on public finances, special correspondence. public employment and related sub- WHAT CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM IS USED? jects. A specially devised classification A semi-monthly list of selected ac- scheme for public administration col- quisitions is distributed within the Di- lections was selected to meet the ar- vision and to other interested persons rangement needs of the Service. This in the Census Bureau. was the Anderson-Glidden, A System Form notices are also distributed to of Classification for Political Science appropriate staff members to advise Collections, published in 1928, which them of major changes in governmental later was supplemented by the 1942 re- financing, organization and personnel vision by Sophia Hall Glidden and Dor- disclosed by incoming source materials. othy Marchus, entitled A Library Classi- The Service keeps informed of pro- fication for Public Administration Ma- posed programs and time schedules for terials. The excellent index to the classi- projects undertaken by the Division. fication has been adapted and used as Preparations are made by the Library the subject heading list for the catalog to acquire needed information and and the vertical files. sources in anticipation of Division de- HOW IS MATERIAL ANALYZED AND mands. Bibliographical searches and CATALOGED? any required correspondence to com- All books and pamphlets are analyzed plete gaps in the collection generally and cataloged for immediate use. A precede other work on recurrent sur- complete card catalog of author and veys or special studies. After the study subject entries is maintained currently. is in process, interested persons are kept Information can be made readily avail- informed of pertinent materials and able to researchers through analytical given reference aid on problems of a entries and geographical subject head- technical nature. ings. Attention must be directed to sig- Checklists have been prepared to as- nificant tables and statistics contained sist the research and statistical staff of in particular sources, not only as to the the Governments Division in making

MARCH, 1950 9 1 use of sources available in the collec- WHAT DO LIBRARY RECORDS SHOW? tion. Certain listings, first devised for The following statistics, taken from this purpose, have been developed into the annual summary of our monthly published reports, which are described progress reports, show figures for the below. fiscal year ending June 30, 1949: WHAT SERVICE IS PROVIDED OTHERS? Total collection in library ...... 71,760 Additions for the year...... 7,985 Requests for information on public Number of periodicals currently administration questions come to the received ...... 725 Service not only from the Census Bu- Loans to Division staff ...... 12,775 reau staff but also from members of Loans to others...... 4,031 Congress, librarians and other repre- Reference materials used in Read- ing Room ...... 8,367 sentatives of Federal agencies, state and Reference questions handled for local officials, and members of various Division staff ...... 4,072 research organizations. Reference prob- Reference questions handled for lems range in difficulty from the fact- others ...... 1,799 Books and pamphlets received ...... 11,782 finding type to involved research prob- PeriodicaIs received ...... 16,237 lems. The time allotted for the handling Incoming letters ...... 1,852 of each inquiry depends upon its origin Outgoing letters ...... 6,815 and purpose. Replies may necessitate DOES THE MUNICIPAL REFERENCE the preparation of letters, memoranda SERVICE PREPARE STUDIES FOR or bibliographies. PUBLICATION? All materials may be used in the Li- Yes. The following are some of the brary and publications not required for Census publications of continuing ap- present use by the Governments Divi- plication which were prepared mainly sion may be sent out on loan. by the staff of the Municipal Reference WHAT TYPES OF INQUIRIES ARE Service. Stab Periodical Publications on Financial RECEIVED? Statistics of Local Governments. ( 1942 ) Questions are received and handled [Out of print] Analysis of state govern- on a wide variety of subjects. Some ment financial documents showing nature typical recent questions are: of statistics reported to the states by "Do you have infomation on the tax local governments on their receipts, pay- on utilities in Jacksonville?" ments, debt, assessed valuations, tax rates and levies, by type of government. "Can you give us the description and State Constitutions: A Bibliography ( 1944) number of militia districts in Georgia?" List of state constitutions, indicating those "What are the salaries of the mayors in which are annotated. [A typewritten bibli- the twenty largest cities?" ography, bringing this up to date, is in "What recommendations pertaining to the files of the library.] public health were included in the Gov- Elections Data in State Documents. (1944) ernors' messages submitted during the past Study analyzing official state documents two years?" to point out type of election information "What action have local governments included by level of government. taken to control smog?" City Periodic Financial Reports. ( 1946) Bibliography of 992 serial financial re- "Will you send to our tax study com- ports regularly issued by 364 of the 397 mission materials showing what other cities having populations over 25,000. states are doing to revise their tax struc- Checklist of Basic Municipal Documents. tures?" (1948) Lists and indexes by subject the "What Federal services are available to currently issued serial publications and municipalities?" selected basic documents for cities hav- HOW LARGE IS THE LIBRARY STAFF? ing populations over 100,000. There are seven persons on the staff, As the foregoing questions and an- consisting of the librarian, assistant li- swers indicate, the work of the Munici brarian, cataloger, librarian in charge pal Reference Service reflects its prim* of periodicals, library assistant, catalog ry purpose of helping the Census Bureamu assistant and secretary. (Continued on page 108) 'i

SPECIAL LIBRARIES The Library of The United States Department of Labor, Washington, D. C.

Miss Steele is Librarian of the United partment of Labor. In the sundry Civil States Department of Labor, Washing- Appropriations Act of August 4, 1886, ton, D. C. there was an item of $500 "for books, periodicals, and newspapers for the li- NE OF THE PROBLEMS, which in its brary of the Bureau of Labor." The 0 increasing importance and com- Bureau was transferred from one agency plexity has characterized the past to another until finally in March 1913 decade and promises to continue to hold it became a part of the newly created the attention of all sections of our mod- Department of Labor. During this time ern economy for many years to come, its Library was acquiring, both by pur- is that of harmonizing the interests of chase from an increasing book appro- the two great groups which make up priation and through exchanges with American industry -management and other government agencies, trade unions, labor. Readers of this journal were in- trade associations and various private troduced to the role of special libraries organizations both in the United States in aiding research on this great problem and in foreign countries, an increasing- by an article by Phillips Bradley, "Spe- ly valuable collection of books, reports cial Libraries and Research in Labor and documents. and Industrial Relations," which ap- The Children's Bureau was estab- peared in its issue. lished in 1912, several months prior to The largest, most complete, and prob- the organization of the Department of ably the oldest special library in this Labor of which it became a part. Julia field is the Library of the United States Lathrop, first chief of the Bureau, im- Department of Labor. This Library was mediately appointed as one of her small established in 1917 by the consolida- staff of fifteen, a librarian, and in 1915, tion of the Libraries of the Bureau of after the Bureau had become a part of Labor Statistics and the Children's Bu- the Department, the Library was organ- reau. This consolidation was made "in ized as one of five divisions of the Bu- the interests of good administration, as reau. Although the largest part of the well as with a view to effecting a reduc- collection, which still serves the Chil- tion in the cost of operation" as was dren's Bureau, was transferred to the reported by Secretary of Labor William Library of the Federal Security Agency B. Wilson in his Fifth Annual Report at the time the Bureau became a part for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1917. of that agency, nevertheless the con- The collection dates back to the be- tribution made by that Library to the ginning of its two constituents. The Bu- departmental Library was far greater reau of Labor was established in 1884 than its small but unique collection on by act of Congress, as a part of the De- child welfare. It contributed its Libra- partment of the Interior, and therefore rian, Laura A. Thompson, who served it predates the establishment of the De- as departmental Librarian until her re-

MARCH, 1950 tirement in , on which occa- vestigation and Inspection Service, sion the late Secretary Lewis B. Schwel- Working Conditions Service, Women in lenbach presented her with a scroll Industry Service1, Training Service and which recognized her achievement as a Division of Negro Economics. scholar, as a bibliographer, and as a As the Department expanded, the librarian, commending particularly her range of special subjects covered by the accomplishment in the development of Library necessarily enlarged, determined the Library's resources. entirely by the demands placed upon it The real value of the collection lies or anticipated. These subjects included in its inclusion of much material of sub- all phases of economic and social life stantive value in the field of industrial which affect the life of working people relations and labor economics, which or which affect the problems of em- was not available through usual chan- ployers in their relations to their em- nels of distribution but which has been ployees, such as: wages, hours of labor, acquired through the exercise of the labor disputes, cost and standard of liv- true special librarian's instinct. This ing, industrial efficiency, training in in- combines a thorough knowledge of the dustry, accident prevention, industrial subject, discernment and judgment of hygiene, profit sharing, vocational guid- the relative importance of various ance, cooperation, farm labor, manpow- events as they occur, vision to foresee er problems, labor turnover, absentee- the development of interests and issues ism, housing, child labor, problems of in the field, and tireless vigilance in employed women, workmen's compen- making contacts with all types of sation and other types of social insur- groups, whether permanent or tempor- ance including pensions, and certain ary in nature, to insure the receipt of phases of public welfare. their publications, proceedings or re- LIBRARY'S VALUABLE COLLECTION ports. Miss Thompson was an outstand- By 1926 the collection had grown to ing example of this type of librarian. approximately 100,000 volumes, and in At the time of the creation of the 1935, when the Department moved to departmental Library the Department its new building, the library had about of Labor already included, in addition 180,000 volumes. With the present col- to the Children's Bureau and the Bu- lection of slightly over 300,000 volumes reau of Labor Statistics, the Bureau of and more than 4000 periodicals cur- Immigration, the Bureau of Naturaliza- rently received, it is now facing an tion, the Division of Conciliation, and urgent problem of lack of space. A par- the United States Employment Service. tial solution to this problem may be The unification of the libraries, which found in the plan now being developed of course involved the physical removal for microfilming one of its unique col- of the books to larger quarters, the lections, the labor papers. merging of the classification and the This collection is, so far as is known, catalogs, as well as expansion of service, the only one of its kind. It consists of as came almost simultaneous1y with the complete a file as it has been possible entrance of the United States into the to gather of all the labor newspapers first World War. The Secretary of La- published throughout the United States, bor was made War Labor Administrator usually by city centrals, occasionally and the following agencies, which were by state or city affiliates of the AF of L to be served by this Library, were soon or the CIO. At present the Library is formed: National War Labor Board, receiving 250 such papers. The earliest War Labor Policies Board, Information paper in this collection was the and Education Service, Bureau of In- Labor Leader of which we have a file dustrial Housing and Transportation, from 1894 to 1897; the oldest still being United States Housing Corporation, In- 1 Later became the Women's Bureau.

SPECIAL LIBRARIES received is the Journal of Labor, official ed. There are complete sets of the Rail- paper of the Atlanta Federation of way Conductor which began in 1884, Trades and Allied Unions, which we the Typographical Journal, which began have been checking in continuously in 1889 and of the American Federa- since 1899. Sixty of the papers date tionist, official organ of the AF of L, back to 1910 or before. Such a collec- which began in 1894. The file of The tion occupies a large amount of shelf Carpenter was until recently incom- space. This, in addition to the fact that plete, lacking the issues from 1881 the newsprint on which these papers are through 1885. However, that gap has printed is rapidly deteriorating, makes now been closed by a generous gift of it essential to reproduce the entire col- microfilm from the United Brotherhood lection on microfilm at the earliest pos- of Carpenters and Joiners of America. sible date. Although there is no index Early labor laws and the decisions of to any of them, some research workers government labor and wage boards of have found them invaluable in tracing the South American countries, Canada, the labor history of certain localities, United States, Sweden, Holland, Aus- and others have used them to determine tria and other European countries are labor's stand on national or local public also included among the Library's col- issues. lections. Probably the earliest of these Another collection. which is still more is the 1840 British First Report from valuable although not unique, is that the Select Committee on the Act for the of the journals, constitutions, proceed- Regulation of Mills and Factories. The ings, reports and other public&ions of most complete early compilation of trade unions. This material constitutes foreign labor legislation in the Library a truly documentary history of the or- ganized labor movement of the United is the series which was issued annually States. It has been made infinitely more by the Belgian Labor Office. From 1897 valuable for research purposes by the to 1919 it published the laws of many publication in 1944 of Reynolds' and countries of the world as they touched Killingsworth's Trade Union Publica- on the right of freedom to work and to tions, two volumes of which constitute associate for the purpose of bargaining a subject index. collectively, and on other matters of This Library feels its responsibility interest to workers, such as wages and to the libraries of the country as a the regulation of apprentices. whole to collect exhaustively in this Ever since its organization under the field, as well as to obtain reports of as League of Nations in 19 19, the Interna- many of the unions of other countries tional Labor Office has issued its Legis- as possible. Since this has always been lative Series, giving the exact text in the policy of the library, the collection English translation of all the labor laws now includes files of the journals of in all countries of the world. Actually twenty-five American trade unions pub- this publication of labor laws was be- lished prior to 1900. The oldest of these gun in 1902 by the old International are the International Molders and Labor Office in Basel, Switzerland. The Foundry Workers' Journal, whose vol- Library contains and indexes each law ume 2, the first issue on file, is dated in this series. The English edition of all January 1865, and the Locomotive En- the other publications of the ILO, in- gineers' Journal, which was first pub- cluding the International Labor Review lished in 1867. Another of the older and the Industrial and Labor Znforma- union publications is the Journal of the tion Bulletin, technical studies, reports Knights of Labor, the file of which be- of the various industry committees, the gins in 1887 with volume 8 and con- proceedings of all of ILO's conferences, tinues through June 1917 when it ceas- and most of the reports of the Govern-

MARCH, 1950 ing Body and of the Director are also SERVICE RENDERED BY LIBRARY carefully indexed. In addition to the service rendered to Among the Library's treasures there the Department of Labor and to other is a small but highly prized collection of federal government agencies, the Libra- books and reports published at the be- ry also opens its reading rooms and ginning of the nineteenth century and gives reference service to other re- even earlier revealing the same concern search workers interested in labor prob- with regard to the causes and cures of lems. economic ills as in similar publications The periods of the depression and of today. Some of these items include the second World War have in their Alexander Hamilton's Report on the turn brought still greater demands to Subject of Manufactures, Made the the Library. Each succession of new Fifth of December, 1791: the first government agencies functioning in the American edition of Malthus' Essay on fields closely related to the work of the the Principle of Population; and Tench Department of Labor, have drawn upon Coxe's View of the United States of the resources and utilized the services America, published in Philadelphia in of its Library. 1794. One of these volumes unfolds an Some of these agencies which were early attempt to establish price control; served prior to World War I1 were the it is Radical Means of Counteracting Labor Advisory Board of the National the Present Scarcity and Preventing Recovery Administration, Federal Famine in Future: Including the Pro- Emergency Relief Administration, Work posal of a Maximum Founded on a New Projects Administration, Division of Principle: to which is Prefixed an Ad- Subsistence Homesteads, and Tempor- dress to the Legislature on a Plan for ary National Economic Committee. Meliorating the Condition of Society at Some of these which came into being Large, by George Edwards, Esq., pub- during the war and reconstruction pe- lished in London in 1801. riods were the National War Labor Probably the most interesting and Board and its successor, the National most publicized single item in the li- Wage Stabilization Board, the War brary is the Lowell Offering, a periodic- Manpower Commission, Selective Ser- al "written, edited and published by fe- vice System, Labor Division of the War male operatives" employed in the tex- Production Board, Foreign Economic tile mills of Lowell, Massachusetts, a Administration, Office of Defense Trans- century ago. The first issue appeared portation, Office of Price Administra- in October 1840, and it was published tion, Office of War Information, and the monthly thereafter, thirty-two pages a office of Inter-American Affairs. month, through 1845 at which time one During the past two years special as- of its editors, Harriot F. Curtis, retired. sistance has been rendered to the libra- Her partner, Harriet Farley, resumed ries of industrial relations centers of publication in September 1847 and con- universities and colleges throughout this tinued to publish issues intermittently country and in Canada. Many such cen- until March 1850 under the title, New ters have been established recently, and England Offering. This magazine con- through their libraries they are aiding tained poems, stories, essays and articles research destined to further industrial intended for "mental improvement." Its peace, as the readers of Professor Brad- subscription list included the names of ley's article will recall. Cooperation with William Ellery Channing, John Green- these industrial relations libraries has leaf Whittier, Horace Greeley and been of several types: lending publica- Emma Willard. Charles Dickens men- tions, answering reference questions by tioned their effort in his American letter, distributing its duplicates of trade Notes in 1842. union and other publications, and co-

96 SPECIAL LIBRARIES operating in several projects undertaken monthly list of important new acces- by the group of Industrial Relations Li- sions and articles appearing in periodic- brarians of the Social Sciences Group, als has been issued for the past two SLA. These projects are described else- years and is being distributed to mem- where in this issue in Mildred I. bers of the Department, to the United Henry's article entitled "Some Problems States Labor Attachds overseas, and to of Bibliographic Control in the Social interested libraries both here and abroad- Sciences." (See page 87). The distribution of this list to the Labor BIBLIOGRAPHIES PREPARED Attaches is one part of the Library's pro- The titles of the bibliographies which gram in aiding these officials in keeping have been prepared by the Library dur- abreast of the information which they ing its span of existence are reminiscent need in their work of enlightening other of the most absorbing labor problems peoples of the world as to labor's role of the period. Some are as follows: in a democracy. The Library has addi- Reconstruction, 1918. tional opportunities to serve this group, List of References on the Kansas Court of by answering reference and research Industrial Relations, 1921. questions by letter, and by sending to Federal Control of Child Labor, 1925. Five-Day Week in Industry, 1927. them each week packets of free and Union-Management Cooperation, 1927. gift material specially selected for their Older Worker in Industry, 1929. use. Injunctions in Labor Dispufes, 193 1. Although all librarians know that a Unemployment Insurance and Reserves in the United States, 1935. mere recital of statistics cannot show Recent References on Minimum Wage in the contribution that is being made by the United States, 1936. any library, and most will undoubtedly Seniority in Promotion and Discharge, 1939. agree with George Bernard Shaw that The Public Contracts ( Walsh-Healey) Act, 1940. the one research student in the refer- Guaranteed Annual Wage and other Pro- ence room is more apt to revolutionize posals for Steadying the Worker's Income, the world than a reading-room full of 1945. readers, nevertheless it is always of in- Maintenance-of-Membership and other Measures for Union Security, 1945. terest to measure volume of activity. Employment of the Physically Handicapped, The following statistics are therefore 1948. submitted: during the fiscal year 1948- Miss Thompson was responsible for 1949 more than 18,000 questions were all of the bibliographies up to the time answered; 15,956 books and 28,337 is- of her retirement and her compilations sues of current periodicals were circu- were widely recognized for the careful lated; 1,659 volumes were loaned to selection of material included; for their other libraries; 13,300 new accessions organization to give the user a compre- were added to the collection. The work hensive approach to the subject, and for of the library is steadily increasing to the analytical annotations which save match the expanding activities of the many hours of valuable research time. Department which it serves and the In addition to the published bibli- greater emphasis being placed on the ographies, the Library has always pre- problems of industrial relations by pared numerous lists of selected refer- writers, research workers and govern- ences in answer to special questions. A ments throughout the world.

MARCH, 1950 PROPOSED CHANGES - SLA CONS

PRESENT CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS Types of Membership (Article 11) Active Associate Student Institutional Sustaining Honorary Life Qualifications and Privileges: Active 1. Engaged in library, statistical or research work or formerly 80 engaged.

2. Receive the Journal free. 3. Affiliate with not more than two Groups without further payment. 4. Affiliate with Chapter of choice. 5. Vote at all meetings. 6. Hold office. Associate 1. Engaged in library, statistical or research work or formerly so engaged. 2. Receive Proceedings issue of the Journal. 3. Affiliate with not more than one Group without further payment. 4. Affiliate with Chapter of choice. 5. Vote at all meetings. Student 1. Enrolled in classes in library, statistical or research work. 2. Receive Proceedings issue of the Journal. 3. Affdiate with one Group without further payment. 4. Affiliate with Chapter of choice. Institutional 1. Individuals, libraries, firms or other organizations maintaining a library, sta tistical or research department. 2. All privileges of Active membership. 3. Affiliate with not more than three Groups without further payment. 4. Receive all publications of the Association free during term of membership except those that the Executive Board may designate as self-sustaining Sustaining 1. Individuals, firms or other organizations not actively engaged in library, sta tistical or research work but interested in supporting the Association. 2. Receive the Journal free. 3. Affiliate with Chapter of choice. 4. NO Group affiliation vote or privilege of holding office. Honorary 1. Individuals whom the Association desires to honor-proposed by the Executiv, Board. 2. All privileges of Active membership except vote and holding office. Life 1. Anyone eligible for Active membership upon payment of specified fee at on time. 2. All privileges of Active members. Affiliate Not in present set up.

Officers (Article Ill) President President-Elect 2d Vice-Presidenr Treasurer 3 Directors Secmtary (not a elected officer) Executive Board (Article IV) Above officers plus last-retiring President Advisory Council 1. Executive officer of each Committee, Group and Chapter. (Article V) 2. Representative may be designated to represent above at meetings. 3. May send a written report. 4. Perform such duties as By-Laws direct Quorum (Article VI) 1. Sixty voting members. BY-LAW Duties of Officers (By-Law I) President No change. Vice-presidents No change. Secretary 1. Keep a record of all meetings of the Association and Executive Board. (Really Exec. 2. Have charge of headquarters office. Secretary) 3. Keep record of names and addresses of members, designated by class. 4. Issue all bills and collect all money due the Association. 5. Draw all orders upon the treasury for the payment of funds. 6. Responsible for all work in connection with the publication of the Jouma except such as is assigned to the Editor. 7. With the President, sign all contracts and other legal documents. 8. Perform such other duties as may be requested by the Executive Board.

SPECIAL LIBRARIES LON & BY-LAWS - Cornparatiwe Chart

PROPOSED CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS Lctive Student Institutional Sustaining Affiliate Life . Engaged in the administration, or as professional staff members, of a special library including special subject departments of public and university libraries and members of library school faculties teaching special library courses. Active members at time of retirement. . Receive the Journal free. . Affiliate with one Group without further payment. . Affiliate with Chapter nearest to place of employment or nearest to permanent residence. . Vote at all meetings. . Hold office.

ABOLISHED.

. Enrolled in classes in library schools in accredited colleges or universities. . Affiliate with Chapter nearest to school.

. Special libraries, firms or other organizations which maintain a special library. . All privileges of Active membership. , Receive all publications of the Association free during term of membership, except those that the Executive Board may designate as self-sustaining.

, Individuals, firms or other organizations not maintaining a special library but interested in sup- porting the Association. Receive the Journal free. Affiliate with Chapter, nearest to place of business or nearest to permanent residence. NO Group affiliation, vote or privilege of holding office.

ABOLISHED.

All present Life members. Anyone eligible for Active membership upon payment of specified fee at one time. All privileges of Active members. Engaged in sub-professional capacities in a special library. Engaged in other types of libraries, in statistical or research work. AfIiliate with Chapter nearest to lace of emplovment or nearest to perinanent residence. NO Group affiliation, vote or privilege of holding office. nesident President-Elect 2d ViccPresident Secretarv Treasurer 6 Directors Above officers plus last retiring President. Executive officer of each Standing Committee, Group and Chapter. Designate only a member of his Committee, Group or Chapter to represent at meetings. Each member or representative to have one vote. Perform such duties as By-Laws direct.

100 voting members.

No change. No change. cretary 1. Keep a record of all meetings of the Association and of the Executive Board. Iected) 2. Custody of the seal of the Association. 3. With President, sign all contracts and other legal documents. 4. Perform such other duties as may be requested by the Executive Board. (Items 2-6 in old By-Law transferred to By-Law XIV)

MARCH, 1950 PRESENT CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS Executive Board (By-Law 11) Authority 1. Power and authority to manage and conduct the business of the Associatio~ subject to authorization by the Association. 2. Custody of all property of the Association. 3. Power to manage property for best interests of the Association.

Quorum 5 members. Council (By-Law Ill) Organization 1. May organize by the election of a chairman and clerk both of whom shall 1 members. 2. May hold such meetings for the proper performance of its duties. Meetings 1. At least once with the Executive Board during the Annual Meeting. 2. Privileged to attend all meetings of the Executive Board except Executi~ sessions. 3. Right to speak but not to vote. Duties 1. Submit reports on the activities of their Committees, Groups and Chaptei 2. Recommend action to the Executive Board.

Committees Standing (By-Law IV) 1. To consider matters which require some continuity of attention and membel

2. Members appointed for overlapping terms of two years each.

3. May be reappointed for second or third consecutive term but not a fourth.

Committees Special (By-Law IV) 1. Executive Board may authorize any it deems necessary. 2. Perform such duties as Executive Board assigns. 3. One year term but may be reappointed.

Groups (By-Law V) 1. Executive Board may authorize establishment upon written petition of ten more members. 2. Members may affiliate with one, two or three. Groups..- according to type membershfp. 3. Members may affiliate with an additional Group or Groups upon payment 50f annually for each such affiliation. 4. Executive Board may recommend discontinuance when usefulness has ceas 5. Recommendation for discontinuance must be submitted to next Annual Me ing of Association and adopted by majority vote.

SPECIAL LIBRARIES PROPOSED CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS

Power and authority to manage and conduct the business of the Association, subject to authorization of the Association or of the Council. Must submit to the Council all matters involving changes of policy or the inauguration of long-term undertakings, especially those involving long-term commitments of funds. Must report all actions taken between meetings of the Council and ask for approval. Initiate projects and prepare proposals to be submitted to the Council. Custody of all property of the Association. Power to manage property for best interests of the Association. 7 members.

Officers of the Association shall serve as officers of the Council without the right to vote except that the presiding officer may vote in case of tie.

Meet at least three times each yearet time of Annual Meeting and Fall and Spring Meetings of the Executive Board.

Determine a11 policies of the Association as such and review action of officers and Committees. Report on matters referred to Council by the Association. Refer questions of policy to the Association. Report on and make recommendations on questions submitted by the Executive Board, Committees Groups and Chapters.

For the investigation and study of matters relating to the accomplishment of the general purposes, business and objects of the Association of a continuous and recumng character. Names: Committee on Committee Appointments. Constitution and By-Laws. Finance and Budget. Membership. Public Relations. Professional Activities. Publications. Student Loan Fund. Appointments and Terms of office Five members appointed for overlapping terms of two years. May be reappointed for a second term but not a third. Only Active, Life or representatives of Institutional Members. Appointed by Executive Board on recommendation of President-Elect based on suggestions of Committee on Committee Appointments. Duties Duties of each Committee listed. iecial (By-Law V) 1. Executive Board may authorize any it deems necessary. 2. To investigate and study matters of immediate or non-recurring character. 3. At time of authorization, Executive Board shall define powers and duties. 4. Five members unless Board rules otherwise. 5. President shall appoint entire Committee. 6. One year term but may be reappointed if Board decides to continue Committee. oups (By-Law VI) 1. Executive Board may authorize establishment upon written petition of fifty or more members provided they have functioned as a Round Table for at least one year. 2. Under exceptional circumstances, Executive Board may grant Group status to Round Tables of less than fifty members. 3. Groups shall have privilege of electing own officers and drafting rules for their own government not inconsistent with Constitution and By-Laws of Association. 4. Privilege of further sub-division into Sections. 5. Active members, authorized representatives of Institutional members and Life members may affiliate with one Group free. 6. May affiliate with one or more additional Groups on payment of 30% of annual dues for Active membership. 7. Upon majority vote of its members, Group may recommend to Executive Board its discontinuance. 8. Executive Board may recommend discontinuance when usefulness of Group has ceased. 9. Recommendation for discontinuance must be submitted to next Annual Meeting of Association and adopted by majority vote. MARCH, 1950 101 PRESENT CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS Not in old By-Laws.

Executive Board may authorize establishment upon written petition of t or more Active or Institutional members residing in the territory witt which the Chapter is desired. Chapters may adopt a Constitution and By-Laws not inconsistent with Cons tution and By-Laws of Association. Every member shall automatically be a member of the nearest Chapter wit1 fifty miles of his residence, unless he otherwise requests. Members not living within fifty miles of a Chapter shall be unaffiliated me: bers unless they request definite affiliation. Executive Board may recommend discontinuance when usefulness has ceasc Executive Board shall submit each recommendation to next Annual Meeti of Association which must be adopted by majority vote.

Finances (By-Law VII) 1. Fiscal year shall be July 1 to the following June 30. 2. Dues payable annually in advance. New members joining prior to November shall pay full amount of dues for current calendar year. New memb~ joining after November 1 shall pay full amount of dues for followi calendar year and privileges shall begin immediately. Committees and Groups must apply to Executive Board for appropriatic setting forth purposes for which funds are requested together with e5 mated budget.

Meetings (By-Law VIII)

Nominations (By-Law IX) 1. President appoint Nominating Committee of five not later than two mon. after annual election. 2. No member of Board on Committee. 3. One candidate for President-Elect. 4. Two candidates for other offices.

Elections (By-Law X)

Publications (By-Law XI)

Headquarters (By-Law XII) Provides only for location of Headquarters.

Affiliation (By-Law XIII)

102 SPECIAL LIBRARIES PROPOSED CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS - - ..- - ound Tables (By-Law VII) 1. Executive Board may authorize establishment upon written petition of 20 members. 2. Association shall not be responsible for any financial support. 3. Petition must state clearly the purpose of, and need for, the Round Table. 4. Round Tables shall have privilege of electing own officers and drafting rules for their own government not inconsistent with Constitution and By-Laws of the Association. 5. Round Tables shall be responsible for keeping all membership records and other records during period they function as Round Tables. 6. With approval of Executive Board, Round Tables may charge annual dues or otherwise solicit voluntary support. 7. After at least one year of activity proved of value, Round Table may petition the Board for change of status to a Group, provided it meets the requirements of By-Law VI.

hapters (BY-Law VIII) ~xe&ive Board may authorize establishmment upon written petition of twenty-five or more Active or Life members or representatives of Institutional members all of whom reside in the tem- tory within which the Chapter is desired. All Chapter officers must hold Life or Active memberships or be representatives of Institutional members. Every member shall automatically be a member of the Chapter nearest fo his place of employ- ment or nearest to his permanent residence. Members not living within fifty miles of a Chapter shall be considered Unaffiliated members. Upon written request to chairman of Membership Committee, an unaffiliated member may affiliate with a Chapter of his choice. Discontinuance provision same as in old.

nances [By-Law IX) 1. Fiscal year shall be the calendar year. 2. 'All dues payable annually in advance. Initial dues of new members shall be assessed and collected on a quarterly pro-rata basis. 3. Committees must apply to Executive Board for appropriations setting forth purposes for which funds are requested with an estimated budget. 4. All dues paid for additional affiliations shall be collected by the Groups. 5. Ordinary expenses shall be met by an appropriation based on membership, percentage and amount to be determined and authorized annually by Executive Board. Payment automatically semi- annually. 6. Groups may apply for further funds setting forth purposes and estimated budget.

eetings (By-Law X) No change except re-numbering. - ,minations (By-Law XI) 1. Executive Board, on recommendation of President-Elect, appoint Nominating Committee of five at least one month prior to Annual Meeting to nominate for next succeeding election. 2. No member of Board on Committee. 3. All members of Committee must hold Life or Active membership or be representatives of Insti- tutional members. 4. Two candidates for all offices.

&ons (By-Law XII) No change except re-numbering. - -- blicationr (By-Law XIII) No change exceDt re-numbering.

adquarters (By-Law XIV) 1. Retains provision for location. 2. Transfers from Article 111, Section 4, provision for appointment annually of Executive Secretary. 3. Transfers from By-Law I, Section 3, duties of Executive Secretary. 4. Provides that Employment Service shall be free to Active and Life Members and representa- tives of Institutional members as a privilege of their membership. 5. Allows student, affiliate and unemployed members to use Employment Service with understand- ing that, as soon as they are placed in a professional capacity in a special library, they will apply for membership in the category for which they qualify. 6. Allows a member holding Active Membership to retain that type of membership during tem- porary unemployment iliation (By-Law XV) No change except re-numbering.

MARCH, 1950 103 SLA Group Highlights

The following case history of the experi- and 310 individual memberships. A member- ence of the ADVE~ISINGGROUP concerning ship directory will be issued in the near future. their paid bulletin may be of aid to other Work has begun on the revision of Sources of Groups who are thinking of starting a self- Investment Information for the Investment sustaining publication. During its first year Bankers Association. The committee for this of publication, 1946-1947, What's New, a bibli- project consists of: Laura Marquis, Mellon ography of advertising and marketing, was National Bank and Trust Company, Chairman; mailed to 85 subscribers at $1 per year. For Phyllis H. Carter, Pittsburgh Branch, Federal the succeeding two years, the subscription Reserve Bank of Cleveland; Eleanor S. Cav- price was raised to $2 and the circulation rose anaugh, Standard and Poor's Corporation; and to 106. This still did not bring in enough Ethel Siegel, Blair and Company, Inc. There revenue, however, to pay for commercial are 112 subscribers to the Bulletin this year. mimeographing. At the ADVERTISINGGROUP'S This decrease is due to the rise in the sub- business meeting last June, it was voted to scription price but the additional revenue raise the 1949-1950 What's New subscription more than compensates for the loss in sub- price for ten issues to $3 for SLA members scri bers. and $5 to non-members. At these rates there According to the issue of are now 155 paid-up subscribers; 85 are re- the Bulletin of the GEOGRAPHYAND MAP newals from last year, and 25 are non-members GROUP,the March 1950 issue of the Library of the Association. It is now being commer- Journal will be devoted to the subject of cially mimeographed. Most of the new sub- maps. Ena L. Yonge, assisted by Nordis Fel- scribers were reached by three types of pub- land, will edit the articles submitted by various licity: experts in their fields. A committee headed by Mary Murphy has been appointed to pre- 1. Publications: Letters fully describing the pare a Group manual. Muriel H. Parry, chair- bibliography together with a sample copy were man of the committee to study Section 7 of sent to fifteen publications requesting that it the Library of Congress' Rules for Descriptive be mentioned. To date it has appeared in the Cataloging, reports that the final results of following eight: A. A. A. A. Bulletin, Decem- their questionnaire will be announced soon. ber 6, 1949; Advertising Age, , One hundred sixty-seven members including 1950; Advertising Agency, ; 26 Institutionals are listed in the December Bibliography Index, I.A.I., Tell, December Bulletin. 1949; P.A.Z.S., December 2, 1949; SPECIAL LIBRARIES,. The MUSEUMGROUP reports a total mem- bership of 339 of which 26 are Institutional. 2. Distribution of Sample Copies at Meet- An analysis of the 920 members of the ings: SLA Executive Board and Council Meet- SOCIAL SCIENCEGroup shows the following ing, November 4, 1949; A.M.A., Market Re- count by section: Public Administration- search Section Luncheon, November 2, 1949, 118; Social Welfare-113; International Re- announced by Section Secretary; A.M.A. Sta- lations and History-68; Industrial Relations tistics & Methods Section Luncheon, Novem- -50; Education and Library Services--49; ber 30, 1949, announced by Section Secretary. Sociology (General or broad interest in Social 3. Sales Letters Enclosing Sample Copy: Science) -261. Fifty-five letters were sent to a selected list of Gretchen Little, Chairman of the SCIENCE- advertising agencies and market research or- TECHNOLOGYGROUP, has just appointed Fred- ganizations, to library school and business ericka Weitlauf, Librarian, Timken Roller school libraries of colleges and universities, and Bearing Co., Canton, Ohio, head of the Metals to business divisions of public libraries. In Section to succeed John Melik who resigned. every case a subscription form was attached to the sample copy. The FINANCIALGROUP reports a total mem- Group Liaison Officer and Chairman, bership of 454 consisting of 144 Institutional Group Relations Committee.

SPECIAL LIBRARIES Off the Press1

Arrangements have just been completed be- In spite of extensive collections in special tween John Wiley & Sons, New York pub- fields and in spite of the many media of co- lishers, and Methuen & Company of London operation with each other, special librarians, for the American distribution of the well- probably more than any other group, are known Methuen Physical Monograph Series. aware of the urgent need for a Canadian Na- These monographs are pocket-size, hard- tional Library to serve the nation and its citi- bound books ranging from 64 to 132 pages in zens. At present, foreign source and research length on various aspects of physics of inter- materials, locally unavailable, must be se- est to contemporary scientists. Written by cured from the original sources, frequently prominent British and continental European with difficulty and with loss of valuable time, specialists, they are intended to provide non- or, with somewhat less loss of time, from specialists with compact statements of modem those organizations in the United States who thought in the particular field covered. Pricing may supply them by courtesy. Waste of time, information is not yet definite at the present duplication of effort and consequent useless time, although the monographs will probably expense, lack of thoroughness of work and sell at retail under $2. erroneous decisions caused thereby could be Wiley has also made plans to become the lessened by the availability of national library American co-publisher of appropriate books reference service facilities in Canada. in three additional Methuen Monograph Series In view of the needs outlined, the Montreal -the Biological, the Chemical, and the Bio- Chapter of the Special Libraries Association chemical. Details of this arrangement will be has carefully considered the means by which announced later in the year. a national library service could assist the * * Canadian community and has submitted a BRIEF ON A NATIONALLIBRARY SERVICE to Beginning in the January 1950 issue of the Royal Commission on National Develop- Harvard Business Review, Donald T. Clark, ment in the Arts, Letters and Sciences. A Associate Librarian of Baker Library, Harvard copy of this BRIEF is available on loan from Business School, evaluates current literature SLA Headquarters to any interested persons. of interest and value to business executives. This issue discusses lists of such books which are available. In succeeding issues, author- ities in the various fields of business will look at publications which have come to their at- Expert Service on Magazine tention, with the purpose of indicating what is Subscriptions for Special Libraries "must" or "never" or "if you have time to waste"! The point of view will not be that Write for a free copy of Faxon's of the expert but rather of the man who wishes Librarians' Guide. to keep abreast of the best reading in fields odd of magazinee, other than his own. Also numbem *** volumea, or complete sets. An article on the Philadelphia Electric Com- F. W. FAXON COMPANY pany's Library appears in the January 1950 83-91 Francis Stred issue of Current News, the company's house Back Boy, Boston, Massachusetts organ. Priscilla Blocher is the librarian. *** A FOREIGNSERVICE READING LIST, prepared by Ruth Savord, Librarian, Council on For- eign Relations, is a supplement to the Decem- ber 1949 issue of the American Foreign Ser- Complete Sets, Volumes and Single Numberc vice Journal, World Mairs. The purpose of of Art, Educational, General, Medical, the READINGLIST is to suggest to the present Scientific and Scholarly Periodicals or prospective foreign service officer material that will provide a general background and Bought and Sold understanding of world affairs.

1 Where it is possible the Editor has given prices for publications noted in this sectiotl. The omission of a price does not necessarily indicate that the publication is free.

MARCH, 1950 105 Librarians, starting as soon as possible with Have you heard.. . . an experimental agency to provide for the needs of the Eastern Coast area. The Place- Report of the Meeting of the Joint Committee on ment Service will work closely with library Library Education of the Council of schools and national library associations to National Library Associations best serve the needs of the library profession. The Joint Committee on Library Education After development of the Eastern office, it is of the Council of National Library Associa- planned to expand the service so that it will tions, met in Chicago on , 1950. be national in scope. Julius J. Marke, Acting Law Librarian of the Other elected officers are: Library of the School of Law, New York Uni- Frances Henne, Vice-chairman, ALA Di- versity, was elected chairman for the ensuing vision of Libraries for Children and year. Mr. Marke is the representative of the Young People. American Association of Law Libraries. L. Marion Moshier, Secrefary-Treasurer, The Committee is an outgrowth of the ALA Library Extension Division. Princeton Conference on Library Education Members of the Executive Board: and consists of delegates representing the Richard Logsdon, Board of Education for major national library associations of the Librarianship. United States and Canada. Established for the Irene Strieby, Special Libraries Associa- mutual exchange of information between li- tion. brary schools and the various professional groups, its purpose is to make a thorough Third Session of the Mount Holyoke Institute survey to determine the most desirable edu- on the United Nations To Be Held cational preparation for special libraries (Law, June 25-July 22, 1950 Medical, Music, etc.) The study will serve The third session of the Mount Holyoke as a guide to library schooIs in developing Institute on the United Nations will be held programs of training. June 25-July 22, 1950, at South Hadley, Ma- To accomplish this purpose, the Committee ssachusetts. Designed to foster greater under- agreed to undertake a study of current needs standing of international affairs, the Institute in library service in subject specialization, is conducted for men and women concerned such needs to be determined by carefully with developments in this field. Speakers and selected specialists in the associations repre- discussion leaders are well-known authorities senting the various subject fields. Particular on international, political, economic and social attention will be given to the following: problems and include United Nations delega- 1. The number of libraries (public or in- tion and Secretariat members, United States stitutional) having occasion to employ and other government representatives. Student subject librarians in their respective assistantships are available to a limited num- fields. ber of college students. Tuition fees for one 2. The present sources of supply of such week are $25; for four weeks, $90. Board librarians. and room expenses are quoted at $35 a week. 3. An estimate of additional subject libra- A few tuition scholarships are available, and rians needed in a given period (e.g., five early application is recommended since mem- or ten years), as well as the number cur- bership is limited. For further information, rently employed in libraries. write to Marjorie Fisher, Executive Secretary, 4. Current library school cumcula and the Mount Holyoke Institute on the United Na- necessity for the provision of subject in- tions, South Hadley, Massachusetts. struction by members of other faculties and institutions (including subject libra- Army Medical Library to Discontinue ries). Index-Catalogue 5. The strategic location and number of li- The Army Medical Library has decided to brary schools providing subject instruc- bring the Index-Catalogue to a close. Follow- tion (e.g., one or more schools offering ing publication of the volume currently in such instruction in the north, west, south, preparation, the Library plans to publish a east), and an orderly distribution of this volume or volumes which will make the record instruction. of its monographic holdings complete up to the 6. The development of subject instruction, mid-century mark; and, beyond that, to pub- planned by subject specialists and library lish selectively the most useful portion of the school administrators, so it will best suit vast backlog of over 1,750,000 yet-unpublished the needs of the library student special- references which have accumulated over the izing in a subject field. years. It is believed that the survey will be com- At the same time, the Library's Current List pleted in about three years. of Medid Literature will be augmented and The Committee also agreed to establish a improved in such a manner as to provide more Regional and National Placement Service for effective service.

106 SPECIAL LIBRARIES Provision for a continuing record of the Library's monographic holdings has been as- I Technical Books sured in the form of an annual supplement to For Every Library the Library of Congress Catalog of Printed I Cards. AIRBRUSH ILLUSTRATION The Index-Catalogue was planned in the by Harris ...... $4.00 mid-19th century, when medical research and the publication resulting from that research COLORING, FINISHING, and had an altogether different character from PAINTING WOOD that of the mid-20th century. The Army by Newel1 ...... $5.50 Medical Library believes that its work must be much more closely integrated with current TABLES OF FOOD VALUES by Bradley $3.95 medical research. It is and will continue to ...... be a center of historical research in the med- HISTORIC COSTUME ical sciences, but it cannot justify its existence by Lester ...... $4.00 by attempting to continue a form of publica- tion which is no longer feasible. KLENKE'S FURNITURE BOOK by Klenke ...... $3.25 The Professional Literature Committee, SLA THE PRACTICE OF PRINTING As its project for the current year, the by Polk ...... $2.75 Professional Literature Committee is endeavor- DESIGN for PRINTING ing to collect material other than classification by Brinkley ...... $3.95 schemes for the loan files at SLA Headquar- ters. There is a real need for much of this Send today for FREE, "Books on material, judging by the requests coming to the Crafts" circular, describing 130 Headquarters which cannot be filled at pres- titles covering every craft. ent. If you have compiled information on any of the following subjects, and are willing to Chas. A. Bennett Co., Inc. 50TH donate copies, will you please send material Formerly The Manual Arts Press in duplicate to Professional Literature Com- 4179 Duroc Bldg. Peoria 3, 111. mittee, Special Libraries Association, 31 E. 10th Street, New York City: Annual reports Los Angeles 7, California, who is treasurer of Staff manuals the Helen E. Haines Scholarship Committee. Library handbooks Budgets Catholic Librarians to Hold Annual Conference Statement of library regulations in Washington, D. C. Floor plans The twenty-fourth annual conference of the Organization charts Catholic Library Association will be held in Library publicity Washington, D. C., April 10-14, 1950. Job description The headauarters of the conference will be the ~atholi' University of America, and a Helen E. Haines Scholarship To Be general session will be held at Georgetown Established University. As a tribute to the long and distinguished service rendered to the library profession by Scholarships for Foreign Medical Librarians Helen E. Haines, the Alumni Association of Sponsored by the Medical Library the Graduate School of Library Service at Association the University of Southern California has ap- The Medical Library Association scholar- pointed a committee to establish the Helen ships for 1949-1950 have been granted to E. Haines Scholarship at the School. The pur- three foreign medical librarians. The re- pose of the scholarship will be to provide a cipients are Erica Emma Johannsen Oehrens, fund from which qualified students may re- Assistant Librarian at UN Economic Commis- ceive financial aid in completing their library sion for Latin America, Santiago, Chile; Ileana school training. A somewhat unique provision Ines Johannsen Oehrens, Assistant in the makes the income from the fund available Biblioteca de la Escuela de Salubridad, Uni- also to Miss Haines should she need it. As versidad de Chile; and Juan Carlos Secondi, its goal, the committee has set a figure of student of medicine, and a graduate of the Li- $10,000, which, carefully invested, will pro- brary School of the University of Montevideo. vide income adequate to pay the tuition for The Fellows have been recommended by the at least one student each semester. Contri- Deans of the Medical Schools and other phy- butions may be sent to Dr. Lewis F. Steig, sicians in their countries, as well as by the Librarian, University of Southern California, local Boards of the Institute of International

MARCH, 1950 107 Education, because of their interest in apply- ing the training they will receive to promote education for medical Iibrarianship and further the development of medical libraries in their countries. The scholarship program, which is being Aviation Subject Headings. $1.75 carried out in cooperation with the Institute A Brief for Corporation Libraries. of International Education, is arranged so that $1.75 it will meet the individual requirements and special interests of each Fellow. Each one has Claseif~cation and Cataloging of an opportunity to attend orientation courses Maps and Atlases. 88.75 for foreign students before beginning the li- brary projects; to serve as an observer in CIassification Schemes and Subject various types of medical libraries (hospital, Headings List Loan Collection, society, university, national, etc.) and to visit Rev. Ed. $1.25 medical libraries in the East, South, and Mid- Creation & Development of an Insur- West before the termination of the program. ance Library. Revised Edition. It is hoped that all Fellows will be able to attend the course in Medical Librarianship at $2.00 Columbia University School of Library Ser- Employers' Evaluation of Training vice, summer session of 1950. for the Special Librarian. $1.00 * * * Guides to Business Facts and Fig- ures. $1.50 A SPECIAL LIBRARY IN THE BUREAU OF CENSUS Handbook of Commercial, Financial (Continued from page 92) and Information Services. $3.00 to provide, through its Governments List of Subject Headings for Chem- Division, reliable and useful data on istry Libraries. $1.50 state and local governments through- Numerical Index to the Bibliography out the Nation. This activity involves on of Scientific and Industrial Re- a current basis the issuance of recurrent ports, Vols. 1-10. $10.00 reports on the finances and employment Social Welfare: A List of Subject of such governments as are described in Headings in Social Work and Pub- the brief annual leaflet of the Bureau, lic Welfare. $1.00 Census Bureau Publications on Govern- Special Library Resources, Vols. 2-4. ments, the preparation of occasional $22.90 special studies, and the conduct each Subject Headings for Aeronautical decade of a benchmark Census of Gov- Engineering Libraries. $4.00 ernments. With the growing scale and complex- Union List of Technical Periodicals. $6.00 ity of state and local governments, re- sultant widespread public interest in OFFIUAL JOURNAL them and preliminary planning under- SPECIAL LIBRARIES way for the 1952 Census of Govern- Subscription, $7 Annually ($7.50 Foreign) ments, the Municipal Reference Service SPONSORED PERIODICAL should be even busier and more useful TECHNICAL BOOK REVIEW INDEX in the next few years than it has been Subscription, $7.50 Annually since its establishment thirteen years ago. ($8.00 Coroign) * * INDEXING LABOR JOURNALS Special Libraries Association (Continued from page 86) 31 East 10th Street, New York 3, N. Y. that group is classified, we have quick access to the equivalent of an author file for the organization. For example,

Please Mention Special Libraries When Answering Advertisements 108 SPECIAL LIBRARIES by trade (Special). A publication is- sued by the United Mine Workers of Whatever America on wages of coal miners would be classified with Labor by trade (Spe- Your Interest In cial) Miners; another card would ap- pear under the heading Wages (Spe- cial) Mining. Each subject heading has a general section followed by geographic location breakdowns; in the case of some of the Maps large "specials," we also subdivide the "special" by location. An article on sal- aries of office workers in Washington, Don't Miss D. C., would appear under the heading Wages (Special) Clerical workers, Washington, D. C. JOURNAL'S

Special March 15th Issue KEEPING UP WITH THE WORLD (Continued from page 79) Documents of national governments THIS SPECIAL NUMBER was prepared and of international organizations are under the editorship of the Geogra- vital, and are used as sources of statis- phy and Map Group of the Special tics as well as for information regarding Libraries Association, with a fore- the growth of political institutions and word by Mrs. Ruth Hooker, Presi- the development of foreign policy. Im- dent of the Association, and preface by Nordis Felland, Librarian, and portant among these are treaty series ha Yonge, Curator of Maps, both and government annuals, as well as of American Geographical Society. separate studies such as those publish- Individual copies . . . . . 35$ each ed as sales documents by the League of Nations and the United Nations. Nowa- days, the documents of the specialized Other Special Issues agencies such as the Food and Agri- April Spring Juveniles culture Organization, the World Health May Spring Tech. & Business Books Organization, and the Inter nat i on a 1 June Summer Announcement Civil Aviation Organization are becom- Scpt. Religious Books ing indispensable. The documents of Sept. School Libraries S; Art Books the United Nations itself are used con- Oct. Fall Announcement stantly and those libraries which have Oct. Fall Juveniles been designated as depositories find Nov. Fall Tech. & Business Books these documents invaluable. These col- lections are frequently used by other SUBSCRIPTIONRATES: Regular, $6.00 organizations which do not have such a year. Duplicate subscriptions and small libraries, $4.00 a year. documents available. For current use, as well as for back- ground material, clipping files are ex- tensive and necessary. Containing clip- LIBRARY JOURNAL pings from foreign as well as domestic 62 W. 45th St., New York 19 newspapers and periodicals, press re- leases (from Federal offices and for-

Please Mention Special Libraries When Answering Advertisements MARCH, 1950 109 eign information bureaus) and pam- phlets, these files are often one of the most useful parts of the collection. While this material often appears later in book form, a current file on an item in the day's news, reflecting all shades of opinion as well as obscure facts, is frequently essential. It should be obvious that the inter- national relations library does not stand alone in the library community. We are frequently called upon by radio, signed to help anyone business, advertising, banking and pub- concerned with pension planning make sound decisions and handle all kinds of pension prob- lishing libraries, among others, for as- lems effectively. It describes the cost factors in- istance, and we in turn ask them for volved; analyzes recent negotiated plans; digests help. Often we have requests from the the report of the Presidential steel fact-finders. It includes all information of practical value to the public and university libraries and we man who must recommend company policy or sometimes have to turn to them for aid. handle pension grievances. In addition, we work closely with repre- Just Out sentatives of international organizations and foreign government officials resi- HOW TO dent in the vicinity. The international relations library, then, is not an isolated PLAN PENSIONS unit but is an organization with an in- A Guidebook for Business and Industry creasingly important part to play in the By CARROLLW. BOYCE world today. Associate Editor, Factory Management and Maintenance Professor Manning3, in describing students of international relations, un- 479 pages, $5.00 knowingly portrayed the quandary, also, RITTEN in the forceful, informative style of the librarian in this field. when he w of a top industrial reporter, this book said he was "a person who regrets that answers pointed questions on all aspects of the pension planning program - eligibility require- he does not better understand psychol- ments, retirement age, methods of financing and ogy, economics, diplomatic history, law, administering, retirement benefits, the role of Social Security, the impact of pensions on indi- jurisprudence, sociology, geography, . . . vidual companies, etc. 1an g u a ge s, comparative constitutional PROVIDES NEW THINKING, EXPERT OPINION, organization, and so on down a long UP-TO-DATE FACTS AND FIGURES list." See what others have done or are doing to meet their particular pension requirements. Here 3 Sir Alfred Zimmern, ed. University Teach- is the extremely valuable experience of many ing of Znfernafional Relafions. Paris, Interna- companies . . . the most recent arbitration awards tional Institute of Intellectual Cooperation, and pension agreements that offer clues to the 1939. p. 236. solving of pension problems. *** A helpful check list of questions is included in all the book's main chapters. Such check lists SOME PROBLEMS OF BIBLIOGRAPHIC provide a summary of the things to know, to watch, to do in considering entrance ages, years- CONTROL IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES of-service requisites, amount of benefits, fund (Continued from page 89) administration, financing methods, handling of tries, but, most important, the system- beneficiaries, etc. atic organization of the concepts of the Order copies from subject field will permit and encourage Robert E. Ewing, Special Services the integration of these concepts with McGRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY those of other subject fields, and a de- 330 W. 42nd Street, New York 18, N. Y. cisive, if relatively small, step will have Please Mention Special Libraries When Answering Advertisements 110 SPECIAL LIBRARIES been taken toward the integration of the social sciences. CONCLUSION In summary, the significant problems of bibliographic control in the social sciences are to a great extent inherent 30 DAY in their nature. The cycle of forms of control has come full round. We have progressed from the simplest kind of BINDING SERVICE unity to the present complexities to which incredibly prolific writing and the brilliant, but isolating, specializa- tion of the scholars have led us. We 0 All orders are bound and have done a fine job of analyzing the shipped within thirty days after threads, but we have all but shredded they are received. the fabric. We are in urgent need of re- integrating the concepts of the special fields into an intelligible and coordinate 0 Bound volumes in your li- synthesis. The responsibility lies with brary will be matched. the social scientists, but we have a re- sponsibility to bring the need to their attention and to give intelligent support 0 Years of experience, skilled to all aspects of the integrating process, craftsmen, and modern facilities however remote they may appear to be combine to assure first class from our own immediate concerns. To do this effectively, we would profit by workmanship. whatever encouragement our library schools can give to the development of Two-way shipping costs paid librarians who may, and should, be workmanlike scholars in their subject in full. specialties, equipped with practical and realistic facility in the special tech- 0 Complete information sent on niques required. These librarians know that librarianship is more than a service request. function and that it carries with it an intellectual responsibility for the recog- nition of the interdependence of all fields of knowledge and some idea of how to make it work.

-~ I TRY I THE HECKMAN BINDERY I HUNTTINO'S COMPLETE LIBRARY SERVICE.- -.- I We are in a position to All all orders. 916 N. Sycamore promptly and carefully ...... We will, supply any book-of any pub- lisher-in any binding . . . . . North Manchester, Indiana For bmks subject to hard usage, how- ever. we especlallv recommend . . . 1 Hunfting's ~ibrariBuckram Bindings Liberal Discounts on All Trade Books I I THE H. R. HUNTTlNG COMPANY I ''Bound to Please" Library spec id id^ SPRINGFIELD 5. MASS. ANY BOOK 0 OF ANY PUBLISHER IN ANY BINDING

Please Mention Special Libraries When Answering Advertisements MARCH, 1950 111 PERIODICALS b &A

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS (quarterly) $5.00 A distinguished journal of opinion, containing articles by leading authorities of many nationalities, and a cotnprehensive book review section. THE WORLD TODAY (monthly) $2.50 A review of international events, including surveys of political and economic conditions in specific countries, and of current UN activities. CHRONOLOGY OF INTERNATIONAL EVENTS AND DOCUMENTS (fortnightly) $3.50 World events and documents summarized chronologically, by country and by subject -an invaluable reference guide for teacher and librarian. Subscriptions from the Western Hemisphere are handled exclusively by the New York Publications Office. All Royal Institute publications are avail- able immediately. Send for the 1949-50 Catalogue of Publications. ROYAL INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS New York Publications OfFice-542 Fifth Avenue, New York 19, N. Y.

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Please Mention Special Libraries When Answering Advertisements 112 SPECIAL LIBRARIES is pleased to announce the publication of Part I, 1949-50, re- porting the 42 Fall sales of American book auction houses through December 1949. The 1949-50 auction season will be reported in three Parts, about 450 pages altogether, at a sub- scription price of $5. All sales of $3 or more are included; edited, cross-indexed and annotated in a single alphabet.

Work in progress is the 1945-50 five-year cumulation, which will be published in the Fall. The curnulation is a com- plete and re-edited consolidation, about 2000 pages. Subscribers to the Parts and previous issues being superseded will be granted trade-in allowances for them. Write for Part I on ap- proval and receive complete information, from the publishers:

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