Nuclear Energy Data Données Sur L'énergie Nucléaire
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Nuclear Technology Development and Economics Économie et développement des technologies nucléaires 2019 Nuclear Energy Data Nuclear Energy Data D onnées sur l’énergie nucléaire 2019 2019 NEA Données sur l’énergie nucléaire Nuclear Technology Development and Economics Économie et le développement des technologies nucléaires Nuclear Energy Data Données sur l’énergie nucléaire 2019 © OECD 2019 NEA No. 7474 NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCE POUR L’ÉNERGIE NUCLÉAIRE ORGANISATION DE COOPÉRATION ET DE DÉVELOPPEMENT ÉCONOMIQUES STATLINKS This publication contains “StatLinks”. For each StatLink, the reader will find a URL which leads to the corresponding spreadsheet. These links work in the same way as an Internet link. Cette publication contient des « StatLinks ». Fonctionnant comme un lien internet, un StatLink fournit l’accès à la feuille de calcul correspondante. 2 NUCLEAR ENERGY DATA/DONNÉES SUR L’ÉNERGIE NUCLÉAIRE 2019, NEA No. 7474, © OECD 2019 OVERVIEW Overview The 2019 edition of Nuclear Energy Data contains official information provided by NEA and OECD member countries,1 including projections of total electrical and nuclear generating capacities along with fuel cycle requirements and capacities to 2040. Also included are short narrative country reports that give updates on the status, trends and issues in nuclear energy programmes. In 2018, nuclear power continued to supply significant amounts of low-carbon baseload electricity, in a context of strong competition from low-cost fossil fuels and renewable energy sources. Nuclear electricity generation Total electricity generation in NEA member countries increased slightly from 2017 to 2018 (1.2%) and electricity production at nuclear power plants (NPPs) increased by 0.2% over the same period. In the OECD area, total electricity generation also increased from 2017 to 2018 (1.2%), and electricity production at NPPs increased slightly by 0.1%. The share of electricity production from NPPs in NEA member countries decreased (from 18.1% in 2017 to 17.9% in 2018), and total nuclear capacity declined by 0.7% (from 326.9 GWe in 2017 to 324.8 GWe in 2018). The share of electricity production from NPPs in the OECD area decreased slightly (from 17.9% to 17.7%) and total nuclear capacity declined by 1.1% (from 296.0 GWe in 2017 to 292.7 GWe in 2018). NEA (2017) NEA (2018) OECD (2017) OECD (2018) Total electricity generation (net TWh) 11 568.6 11 704.1 10 550.8 10 675.7 Nuclear electricity generation (net TWh) 2 092.8 2 096.4 1 887.0 1 889.0 Nuclear power share of total electricity generation (%) 18.1 17.9 17.9 17.7 Total electricity capacity (net GWe) 3 203.1 3 213.6 2 959.7 2 969.5 Nuclear electricity capacity (net GWe) 326.9 324.8 296.0 292.7 Nuclear power share of total electricity capacity (%) 10.2 10.1 10.0 9.9 Despite a decrease in total nuclear capacity, the total electricity produced increased. The figures above show that, on the one hand, operations at many NPPs in NEA member countries were very efficient throughout 2018. NPPs in Argentina, the Czech Republic, Finland, France, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland and the United States led the way with an increased output of electricity generation in 2018, compared to 2017. In Japan, four reactors were restarted in 2018, joining the five reactors that had resumed operation in the previous period. On the other hand, issues that caused the outages of several reactors in Belgium led to a decrease in nuclear electricity generation in this country in 2018. Among the 19 NEA member countries with nuclear capacity, 9 countries had more than a 30% share of nuclear electricity production in the total net generation for 2018. 1. Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States are members of the NEA. Chile, Estonia, Israel, Latvia and New Zealand have been included for OECD area calculations. Data have been provided from Russia for some tables and figures of this 2019 edition of Nuclear Energy Data. Argentina and Romania became members of the NEA in 2017 – as of 1 September 2017 and 15 October 2017, respectively – and data from these countries were thus included in the 2019 version of Nuclear Energy Data. NUCLEAR ENERGY DATA/DONNÉES SUR L’ÉNERGIE NUCLÉAIRE 2019, NEA No. 7474, © OECD 2019 3 OVERVIEW Reactor highlights As of 1 January 2019, 348 operational reactors were connected to the grid in NEA member countries. A total of 23 reactors were under construction, although the construction of 3 reactors in Japan has at least temporarily been halted. In addition, ten reactors were considered firmly committed to construction in the OECD area, including the first units in Turkey and the United Kingdom for commercial electricity production. By contrast, 27 reactors are planned to be retired from service by 2023, which will reduce OECD nuclear generating capacity by a total of 25 GWe. Included are closures in Germany, as part of the plan to phase out nuclear power by the end of 2022, along with potential reactor closures in France, Japan, Korea, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. As outlined in the country reports in this publication, nuclear development programmes have nonetheless generally advanced in NEA member countries. • In Argentina, the Embalse NPP, a Candu 6 pressurised heavy water reactor returned to service in January 2019 following extensive refurbishment, which would extend its operating life for another 30 years. Another unit, Atucha 1, was granted a licence extension to operate until it reaches 50 years. • In Belgium, the government has decided to build a new, major research infrastructure called the Multipurpose Hybrid Research Reactor for High Tech Applications (MYRRHA). One of the MYRRHA Project’s long-term objectives is to investigate the transmutation of high-level radioactive waste. The project will also allow for advanced research in new materials and in accelerator technology, as well as for the production of new medical radioisotopes. To meet these goals, in September 2018 the federal government committed EUR 558 million to finance the project. • In Canada, the refurbishment of the Darlington power plant began with work on the first reactor in 2016 and is expected to be completed by 2026. Unit 2 refurbishment remains on budget and schedule with completion of the works expected in 2019. In August 2018, the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC) approved Ontario’s plan to keep the Pickering plant in operation until the end of 2024, four years longer than previously planned. In February 2018, Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) initiated a process bringing together provincial and territorial governments, utilities, industry and other interested stakeholders to develop a roadmap for the potential development of small modular reactors (SMRs) in Canada. In April 2018, the Canadian Nuclear laboratories (CNL) initiated an Invitation for Demonstration, inviting further discussions with SMR vendors interested in building a demonstration unit at a CNL-managed site. The CNSC has been approached by a number of SMR vendors to initiate an optional preliminary step before the licensing process, called a vendor design review (VDR). The VDR is completed at a vendor’s request and expense to assess their understanding of Canada’s regulatory requirements and the acceptability of a proposed design. • In the Czech Republic, general agreement exists at the level of government and industry regarding the necessity to construct new domestic NPPs. Negotiations between the government and the Cˇ EZ Group are ongoing. However, by the end of 2018, no final decision had been taken on a financial model or a preferable construction site. Cˇ EZ has focused both on long-term operation projects at existing NPPs and on preparation work for new build projects at two sites. An agreement between the municipality of Cˇ eské Budejovice and the Cˇ EZ Group was approved for the construction of a hot water pipeline for district heating purposes from the Temelín NPP. • In Finland, the government granted an operating licence to Olkiluoto 1 and 2 for an additional 20 years in September 2018 until the end of 2038. Training of the operating personnel has progressed at Olkiluoto 3 (OL3) and operator licences were granted by the Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK) at the end of 2018. The government of Finland granted the operating licence for OL3 on 7 March 2019. Commissioning should take place in 2020. The preparatory works have started at the new nuclear site in Pyhäjoki. Fennovoima is anticipating that the government will make a decision on the construction licence application in 2021. Commissioning of the plant is thus scheduled to take place in 2028. • In France, the utility EDF is continuing its refurbishment programme to extend the lifetime of the French nuclear fleet beyond 40 years and expects generic regulatory approval in 2020. The construction of the Flamanville EPR reactor continued through 2018, although additional delays 4 NUCLEAR ENERGY DATA/DONNÉES SUR L’ÉNERGIE NUCLÉAIRE 2019, NEA No. 7474, © OECD 2019 OVERVIEW to start-up have been announced. In October 2018, the French Nuclear Safety Authority (ASN) authorised the commissioning and operation of the Flamanville EPR reactor pressure vessel, subject to the establishment of a thermal ageing test programme for the vessel, along with certain controls during reactor operations. The ASN has set the service life limit for the existing reactor vessel head at the end of 2024. The ASN also issued a statement in October 2018 that faulty welds at Flamanville may require more repairs than initially projected.