DOCSLIB.ORG

Biotechnology: a Tool Towards a More Sustainable Potato Production?

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Biotechnology: a Tool Towards a More Sustainable Potato Production? Biotechnology: A tool towards a more sustainable potato production? Dr. ir. Bart Van Droogenbroeck st September 1 2015 Kick-Off Potato Europe, Doornik ILVO Content 1. Introduction – Biotechnology? GMO? – GM Crops 2. Challenges in potato production – Potato diseases – Processing – Quality - Health 3. Recent biotech developments − Disease resistance : Late blight , nematodes, PVY… − Combination of multiple traits 4. Conclusions ILVO 1. INTRO - BIOTECHNOLOGY? Definitions - basics ILVO Biotechnology? A definition Biotechnology studies and makes use of bacteria, plants, animals or other living organisms, or parts of it, to alter or produce food, materials, pharmaceuticals or other products of interest. ​​​​​​​Initially classical biotechnology used traditional methods to use plants and animals to produce products and use bacteria, yeast and fungi to produce e.g. bread, wine, cheese, beer Modern biotechnology goes beyond these methods: it applies the knowledge about characteristics of bacteria, plants and animals for the production of useful products by changing the DNA, the code of all genetic information. ILVO GMO? • GMO= Genetically Modified Organism • European definition of a ‘GMO’ , according to Dir 2001/18/EC: “… means an organism, with the exception of human beings, in which the genetic material has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally by mating and/or natural recombination …” Genetic material = DNA ILVO Modern biotech = DNA ILVO DNA Protein The genes in our DNA encode for proteins - Proteins execute all processes in cells/tissues off living organisms - Proteins are built with AA, 20 different ones - Genetic code determines which protein is encoded ILVO Biotechnology? Examples of some fundamental techniques 1. Cutting and pasting DNA (1972) Using enzymes as scissors (= restriction-enzymes) and paste (= ligases) ILVO Biotechnology? Examples of some fundamental techniques 1. Cutting and pasting DNA (1972) ILVO development of the first GMO, a GM bacteria Biotechnology? Examples of some fundamental techniques 1. Cutting & pasting DNA (1972) 2. Reading DNA = sequencing (1977) 3. Amplification of DNA (1980) Using enzyme (polymerase) to copy DNA ILVO Biotech Evolution 1982: First biotech medicin, insuline, produced by GM bacteria 1983: First GM plant, Gent, Prof. Van Montagu 1994: First GM tomato on the market, VS, FlavrSavr 2012: First commercial gene therapy (cancer) 2015: Synthetic biology – R&D ‘assembly’ of organisms ILVO 1. INTRO – GM CROPS Methods & Global developments ILVO How are GM crops made? both methods result in the random insertion of the DNA of interest ILVO in the host its genome = selection & characterisation of transformants needed How are GM crops made? Anno 2015: New Breeding Technologies Fast evolution – recently developed methods: • Cisgenesis • Oligonucleotide Directed Mutagenesis (ODM) • Zinc Finger Nuclease Technology • Grafting • Agro-infiltration • RNA-dependent DNA methylation (RdDM) • Reverse breeding • Synthetic genomics More sophisticated: • Allow integration in genome at a specific site • Specific, targeted changes possible - down to 1 bp changes! Hard or impossible to discriminate new genetically ILVO engineered organisms from wild type organisms Example of a recently developed method Oligonucleotide Directed Mutagenesis ILVO www.cibus.com Three generations of GM crops First generation: • Food crops– ‘input traits’ – advantages for growers • GM crops in field today (>180 mio ha, 18 mio farmers, 28 countries) • Typical examples: – ‘Bt’ crops - insect-resistance - Corn, cotton, eggplant … – ‘Roundup Ready’ crops - herbicide tolerance - soy, corn, sugarbeet ILVO First generation GM crops Mio Hectare http://www.isaaa.org 19 consecutive years of growth Since 2011 faster growth in developing world ILVO Important crops: soybean, maize, cotton, canola First generation GM crops Mio Hectare http://www.isaaa.org Most important trait = herbicide tolerance Increase of GM crops with combined traits ILVO First generation GM crops http://www.isaaa.org Production mainly in N&S-America and Asia Negligible in EU: 1 crop = 100.000 ha insect-resistant corn (Spanje, ILVO Portugal, Tsjechië, Roemenië & Slovakije) Three generations of GM crops First generation GM Potato products: • Bt Potato – resistant to potato beetle (1995) • Potato resistant to beetle + Potato Leaf Roll Virus (PLRV) - (1998) • Potato resistant to beetle + PLRV + Potato Virus Y (PVY) – (1999) All GE potato varieties were discontinued by the developer in March of 2001 and since ILVO have not been sold to farmers for planting Three generations of GM crops Second generation: • Food & non-food crops– output traits, advantage for grower/processor/consumer • Typical example : – ‘golden rice’ with increased vitA content – R&D phase ILVO http://irri.org/golden-rice/faqs/what-is-the-status-of-the-golden-rice-project-coordinated-by-irri Three generations of GM crops Second generation GM Potato products: • Amflora Potato – with altered starch composition, resulting in improved processing characteristics ILVO BASF withdrew the product in 2012, citing opposition to the technology Three generations of GM crops Third generation : • Molecular Farming = the production of valuable proteins in crops specifically designed for this goal = plant as bioreactor • Food/non-food crops – focus on advantages for consumer/patients • No potato derived products on the market • First commercial products on market – lot of R&D – Therapeutic protein produced in cultures of carrot cells = cheaper www.protalix.com ILVO 2. CHALLENGES POTATO PRODUCTION ILVO Challenges Potato production According to 2015 Beijing World Potato congress: • Potato Mechanization • Water use • Integrated crop managment • Disease resistance • Varietal development • Storage and processing quality • Innovation in process & product development ILVO Challenge (1) - Disease resistance • Late blight is biggest problem • Virus resistance: PVX, PVY, PLRV, … • Fungal resistance: Alternaria, … • Nematode resistance: potato cyst nematode, … ILVO Impact of late blight on Belgian potato production • Caused by fungus Phytophthora infestans • More virulent strains appearing since ’80 • 12-15 fungicide applications/season (up to 20 in wet season) • Economic loss in Belgium ≈ 55 mio euro – Fungicide applications – Yield and storage loss ILVO Resistant varieties are best solution >20 R-genes known from wild relatives in Mexico, Andes R&D projects in WUR (The Netherlands), TSL and JHI (UK), CRA-W (Belgium), CIP (Peru)… ILVO Late blight resistance in potato Qualitative resistance based on gene-for-gene interaction Phytophthora has avr genes Potato has/has not R genes Combination of multiple R-genes is necessary to obtain sustainable LB resistance ILVO Resistant varieties are best solution • R-genes can be introduced in two ways : Via conventional breeding • Crossing between two plants • Selection on trait(s) of interest in offspring Via GM approach ILVO Conventional breeding takes time… ~ 45 years Single R- gene introduction ILVO Why GM approach? Biotech allows faster and more targeted ILVO improvement of crops GM approach is fast & targeted • Introduction resistance in one step • Preserves all other variety characteristics • Introduction of multiple (R-)genes at the same time is possible ILVO 3. RECENT BIOTECH DEVELOPMENTS Disease resistance & combination of multiple traits ILVO Late blight resistance in potato Important projects (1) 1. DurPh project (WUR-Netherlands; 2006-2016): Durable Resistance against Phytophthora through cisgenic marker-free modification – Cisgenic LB resistant Desirée potato development – Classical and molecular breeding – interaction with conventional and organic sector 2. Gerephyti project (CRA-W, Belgium; 2013-2016): Improving and managing potato resistance to Phytophthora infestans in order to develop ecologically intensive agriculture – Classical and molecular breeding approach – R-gene discovery – Cisgenic LB resistant potato development + 3. Field trial Wetteren & Bintje project (UGent-VIB-ILVO; 2010-2019) – Collaboration with DuRPh project – Cisgenic approach to develop multiple R-gene LB resistant Bintje potatoes Visit ILVO booth at Potato Europe for more info ILVO Late blight resistance in potato Important projects (2) 4. Company project BASF (Germany; …-2012): Development of Fortuna potato – Transgenic LB resistance with two R-genes in Fontane – Regulatory approval dossier submitted 2011 – withdrawn 2012 5. Company project Simplot (US; 2010-…): Development of Innate potatoes – Cisgenic LB resistance Russet Burbank – Combining multiple traits 6. TSL Potato Partnership Project (UK-US; 2015-2019) – Multiple partners, incl. Simplot (US) – GM approach for LB resistance in Maris Piper potatoes – Combining multiple traits ILVO Why cisgenic? • Cisgenic (vs. transgenic) = only DNA from crossable relatives ~= conventional breeding EFSA Opinion 2012: “…similar hazards can be associated with cisgenic and conventionally bred plants, while novel hazards can be associated with intragenic and transgenic plants.” ‘Higher’ public acceptance ILVO FIELD TRIAL WETTEREN & BINTJE+ ILVO Potatoes in the Wetteren Trial (2011-2012) Wageningen UR – DuRPh: in Desirée background: – sto1 R-gene lines (> S. stoloniferum) – vnt1.1 R-gene lines (> S. venturii) – sto1 + vnt1.1. + blb3 R-genen lines (> S. bulbocastanum) ‘Fortuna’ (BASF): − blb1 +blb2 R- genes (> S. bulbocastanum) WT Desirée and other reference varieties ILVO Trial set up (2011-2012) = Maize = Nicola ILVO = Bintje Field trial Wetteren
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Cellulose Binding Domain Protein Restores Female Fertility When Expressed in Transgenic Bintje Potato Richard W
    Jones and Perez BMC Res Notes (2016) 9:176 DOI 10.1186/s13104-016-1978-6 BMC Research Notes RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access A cellulose binding domain protein restores female fertility when expressed in transgenic Bintje potato Richard W. Jones* and Frances G. Perez Abstract Background: Expression of a gene encoding the family 1 cellulose binding domain protein CBD1, identified in the cellulosic cell wall of the potato late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans, was tested in transgenic potato to deter- mine if it had an influence on plant cell walls and resistance to late blight. Results: Multiple regenerants of potato (cv. Bintje) were developed and selected for high expression of CBD 1 transcripts. Tests with detached leaflets showed no evidence of increased or decreased resistance to P. infestans, in comparison with the blight susceptible Bintje controls, however, changes in plant morphology were evident in CBD 1 transgenics. Plant height increases were evident, and most importantly, the ability to produce seed berries from a previously sterile cultivar. Immunolocalization of CBD 1 in seed berries revealed the presence throughout the tissue. While Bintje control plants are male and female sterile, CBD 1 transgenics were female fertile. Crosses made using pol- len from the late blight resistant Sarpo Mira and transgenic CBD1 Bintje as the female parent demonstrated the ability to introgress P. infestans targeted resistance genes, as well as genes responsible for color and tuber shape, into Bintje germplasm. Conclusions: A family 1 cellulose-binding domain (CBD 1) encoding gene from the potato late blight pathogen P. infestans was used to develop transgenic Bintje potato plants.
    [Show full text]
  • Maintenance of the National Public in Vitro Potato Collection
    Maintenance of the National public in vitro potato collection Dr Nigel Crump Victorian Certified Seed Potato Authority Inc Project Number: PT12007 PT12007 This report is published by Horticulture Australia Ltd to pass on information concerning horticultural research and development undertaken for the potato industry. The research contained in this report was funded by Horticulture Australia Ltd with the financial support of: the potato industry the potato industry All expressions of opinion are not to be regarded as expressing the opinion of Horticulture Australia Ltd or any authority of the Australian Government. The Company and the Australian Government accept no responsibility for any of the opinions or the accuracy of the information contained in this report and readers should rely upon their own enquiries in making decisions concerning their own interests. ISBN 0 7341 3229 8 Published and distributed by: Horticulture Australia Ltd Level 7 179 Elizabeth Street Sydney NSW 2000 Telephone: (02) 8295 2300 Fax: (02) 8295 2399 © Copyright 2013 Maintenance of the National public in vitro potato collection Horticulture Australia Project PT12007 June 2013 Horticulture Australia Project PT12007 N.S.Crump June 2013 ViCSPA Private Mail Bag 1 Healesville 3777 Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge the input of many industry representations including: Seed Potato Victoria, Processing Potato Association of Australia, Western Australia Seed Producers Association, Snack Brands Australia. Specially, Ian Simpson (Agtec Agriculture), Dale Spencer (WA), Colin Ayres (WA Grower), Mike Davies (APL WA), Luke Raggatt (AUSVEG), Leonie White (TIA, Tasmania), Brad Mills (HAL), David Carter, (Accredited lab – minituber producer), Kim Weir (NSW grower), Corina Horstra (VICSPA), Colin Birch (TIA, Tasmania), David Hotchkin (President VFF Thorpdale branch) Kay Spierings (Chair VICSPA).
    [Show full text]
  • Identifying Novel Diagnostic SNP Markers for Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) Tuber Starch and Yield by Association Mapping
    Identifying novel diagnostic SNP markers for potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber starch and yield by association mapping Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakult¨at der Universit¨atzu K¨oln vorgelegt von Elske Maria Sch¨onhals aus Kirchheimbolanden K¨oln,2014 Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde am Max-Planck-Institut f¨ur Pflanzenz¨uchtungsforschung in der Abteilung f¨urPflanzenz¨uchtung und Genetik (Direktor Prof. Dr. Maarten Koornneef) angefertigt. Berichterstatter PD Dr. Christane Gebhardt (Gutachter) Prof. Dr. Martin H¨ulskamp Tag der m¨undlichen Pr¨ufung 28.05.2014 Science cannot solve the ultimate mystery of nature. And that is because, in the last analysis, we ourselves are part of nature and therefore part of the mystery that we are trying to solve. Max Planck (1932) Abstract The starch of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers is a renewable resource and an im- portant component of multiple food and non-food products. Optimized starch yield, the product of tuber starch content and tuber yield, is therefore the central selection criterion in breeding programs for starch potatoes. The aim of this work was the detection of di- agnostic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for starch yield optimization by marker-assisted selection. A novel association mapping population of 282 potato genotypes formed the basis of this thesis. Within a collaborative project with breeders, this population was assembled and phenotyped in replicated field trials in Northern Spain for the starch yield determining traits tuber starch content, tuber yield, weight and number. The population was geno- typed for known diagnostic PCR markers, SSR markers and novel SNPs in candidate genes, which were reported in the literature to have a function in starch or yield accumulation in potato or other organisms.
    [Show full text]
  • 1212 Regeneration and Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of Three Potato Cultivars (Solanum Tuberosum Cv. Desiree, Agria
    AJCS 6(7):1212-1220 (2012) ISSN:1835-2707 Regeneration and Agrobacterium -mediated transformation of three potato cultivars (Solanum tuberosum cv. Desiree, Agria and Marfona) by human proinsulin gene Kimia Kashani 1, Mokhtar Jalali Javaran 1* , Mehdi Mohebodini 2, Ahmad Moieni 1, Maryam Sheikhi Deh Abadi 1 1Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 2Department of Horticulture Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran * Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract It is expected that the increasing outbreaks of diabetes mellitus along with introducing alternative of present insulin consumption methods, will result in increasing the demand of such a drug in future. Plant systems have high potential to produce safe, economical, inexpensive and large-scale biopharmaceuticals and potato is one of the most important bioreactors, globally. Most Agrobacterium - mediated transformation procedures referred to in the literatures have proven to be inefficient for the transformation of Agria and Marfona potato cultivars. In this study a novel one- step method was demonstrated for the transformation of the internodal explants of these cultivars. Using this method, human proinsulin gene was expressed in the transgenic potato plants. In this research, the DNA sequence of Immunoglobulin G binding protein taken from Staphylococcus aureus was infused to the human proinsulin gene and this construct was then transferred to the nuclear genome of potato via Agrobacterium -mediated transformation. Assessment of the transgenic plants was carried out in 3 levels of DNA, RNA and protein. Gel analysis of the PCR and RT-PCR products showed a single 500 bp band in the transgenic potato lines.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 Potato Postharvest Processing Evaluation Report
    Postharvest Processing Evaluation of Alaska Grown Potatoes A Specialty Crop Block Grant Project Introduction Potatoes have long been a staple produce of Alaskan agriculture. Between the years 2009-2016 Alaska growers have produced between 130,000 to 155,000 cwt annually amounting to over 2 million dollars in sales each year (2017 Alaska Annual Bulletin). There has been increasing interest in the use of Alaska Grown potatoes for processing in the local chipping and restaurant market, but this effort hasn’t been supported with data on the processing quality of our locally produced potatoes. To better meet the needs of the food service industries and to promote a growing market for producers, the Alaska Plant Materials Center (PMC) undertook a postharvest evaluation on our collection of potato varieties grown on site in Palmer, Alaska. The results of this research present timely and relevant data to Alaskan growers, processors and consumers. On a national level, the processing industry accounts for nearly 60% of potatoes produced annually. This trend has caused potato breeders to select for processing qualities, and quite a few processing cultivars have been recently registered and released for use. Although some of these newer varieties are grown here in Alaska, they have not been evaluated and compared to the data collected by growers in other regions or compared to established varieties that are known to do well here. Even if the physical qualities of the varieties were comparable to those grown elsewhere, Alaska is unlikely to compete in the national processing market because of our distance from any commercial processing facility and the small “family farm” scale of operation.
    [Show full text]
  • International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants Geneva
    E TG/23/6 ORIGINAL: English DATE: 2004-03-31 INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NEW VARIETIES OF PLANTS GENEVA * POTATO (Solanum tuberosum L.) GUIDELINES FOR THE CONDUCT OF TESTS FOR DISTINCTNESS, UNIFORMITY AND STABILITY Alternative Names: * Latin English French German Spanish Solanum tuberosum L., Potato Pomme de terre Kartoffel Papa, Patata S. tuberosum L. sensu lato ASSOCIATED DOCUMENTS These guidelines should be read in conjunction with document TG/1/3, “G eneral Introduction to the Examination of Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability and the Development of Harmonized Descriptions of New Varieties of Plants” (hereinafter referred to as the “General Introduction”) and its associated “TGP” documents. * These names were correct at the time of the introduction of these Test Guidelines but may be revised or updated. [Readers are advised to consult the UPOV Code, which can be found on the UPOV Website (www.upov.int), for the latest infor mation.] TG/23/6 Potato, 2004 -03 -31 - 2 - TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SUBJECT OF THESE TES T GUIDELINES ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 3 2. MATERIAL REQUIRED ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................... 3 3. METHOD OF EXAMINATIO N................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... 3 3.1 Duration of Tests ................................ ................................ ...............................
    [Show full text]
  • Best Practice Document for the Coexistence of Genetically Modified
    JRC SCIENCE FOR POLICY REPORT European Coexistence Bureau (ECoB) Best practice document for the coexistence of genetically modified potato with conventional and organic farming Ivelin Rizov, Gerhard Rühl, Maren Langhof, Jonas Kathage, Emilio Rodríguez-Cerezo 2018 EUR 29047 EN This publication is a Science for Policy report by the Joint Research Centre (JRC), the European Commission’s science and knowledge service. It aims to provide evidence-based scientific support to the European policymaking process. The scientific output expressed does not imply a policy position of the European Commission. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use that might be made of this publication. Contact information Address: Edificio Expo. c/ Inca Garcilaso, 3. E-41092 Seville (Spain) Email: [email protected] Tel.: +34 954 48 8318 JRC Science Hub: https://ec.europa.eu/jrc JRC109645 EUR 29047 EN PDF ISBN 978-92-79-77694-6 ISSN 1831-9424 doi:10.2760/055172 Print ISBN 978-92-79-77695-3 ISSN 1018-5593 doi:10.2760/336072 Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2018 © European Union, 2018 Reuse is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. The reuse policy of European Commission documents is regulated by Decision 2011/833/EU (OJ L 330, 14.12.2011, p. 39). For any use or reproduction of photos or other material that is not under the EU copyright, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holders. How to cite this report: Ivelin Rizov, Gerhard Rühl, Maren Langhof, Jonas Kathage, and Emilio Rodríguez-Cerezo, Best practice document for the coexistence of genetically modified potato with conventional and organic farming, EUR 29047 EN, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2018, ISBN 978-92-79-77694-6, doi:10.2760/055172, JRC109645.
    [Show full text]
  • Potatoes in the Home Garden
    for the Gardener Growing Potatoes in the Home Garden f you could cultivate a vegetable crop that could be grown in almost every climate (except hot tropical zones) from sea level to 15,000 feet, could be eaten for breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snacks, prepared in a myriad of ways, be easily kept Iwithout processing or refrigeration for up to 6-8 months, produced high yields (2-5 pounds per square foot) and was extremely nutritious (high in protein, vitamin C, niacin, B vitamins, iron and energy) but low in calories (sans butter and sour cream), you would wouldn’t you? If you did you would be in the minority of home gardeners. Most gardeners eschew the illustrious “spud” (Solanum tuberosum), thinking it doesn’t warrant space in the small garden and that home grown potatoes don’t taste much better than their store-bought counterparts. Not true! Wrong on both counts. Solanum tuberosum (the Andean potato) originated in the highlands of the Andes mountain ranges of South America (Peru, Columbia, Ecuador, Bolivia) at elevations up to 15,000 feet. Potatoes have been in cultivation for more than 2000 years and there are more than 2,000-3,000 Beveridge Melisa varieties extant today. It is an herbaceous perennial in its native habitat, but treated as a tender annual in the temperate zones and damaged by frost at 28-30°F. The plant’s only edible portions are the tubers produced underground, apically (at the tip) on stolons (horizontal underground stems; see drawing at right). While potatoes produce viable seed, the genetic makeup of sexually- produced plants is so diverse and variable (heterozygous) that production from this seed is negligible.
    [Show full text]
  • Potato - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
    Potato - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Log in / create account Article Talk Read View source View history Our updated Terms of Use will become effective on May 25, 2012. Find out more. Main page Potato Contents From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Featured content Current events "Irish potato" redirects here. For the confectionery, see Irish potato candy. Random article For other uses, see Potato (disambiguation). Donate to Wikipedia The potato is a starchy, tuberous crop from the perennial Solanum tuberosum Interaction of the Solanaceae family (also known as the nightshades). The word potato may Potato Help refer to the plant itself as well as the edible tuber. In the region of the Andes, About Wikipedia there are some other closely related cultivated potato species. Potatoes were Community portal first introduced outside the Andes region four centuries ago, and have become Recent changes an integral part of much of the world's cuisine. It is the world's fourth-largest Contact Wikipedia food crop, following rice, wheat and maize.[1] Long-term storage of potatoes Toolbox requires specialised care in cold warehouses.[2] Print/export Wild potato species occur throughout the Americas, from the United States to [3] Uruguay. The potato was originally believed to have been domesticated Potato cultivars appear in a huge variety of [4] Languages independently in multiple locations, but later genetic testing of the wide variety colors, shapes, and sizes Afrikaans of cultivars and wild species proved a single origin for potatoes in the area
    [Show full text]
  • Tn 98.3.11: Wheat Cultivars Study and Selection Method Tn 98.3.12: Durum Wheat Cultivars Study and Selection Method
    M ELiSSA Technical Note Memorandum of Understanding 19071/05/NL/CP MELISSA FOOD CHARACTERIZATION: PHASE 1 TECHNICAL NOTE: 98.3.1 CROP CULTIVAR STUDY AND SELECTION METHOD TN 98.3.11: WHEAT CULTIVARS STUDY AND SELECTION METHOD TN 98.3.12: DURUM WHEAT CULTIVARS STUDY AND SELECTION METHOD TN 98.3.13: P OTATO CULTIVAR STUDY AND SELECTION METHOD TN 98.3.14: SOYBEAN CULTIVAR STUDY AND SELECTION METHOD prepared by/préparé par Laury Chaerle, Katrien Molders reference/réference Contract number 22070/08/NL/JC issue/édition 1 revision/révision 1 date of issue/date d’édition 14.12.2009 status/état Final Document type/type de document Technical Note Distribution/distribution FC1 consortium, ESA/ESTEC CONFIDENTIAL DOCUMENT MELiSSA Technical Note issue 1 revision 1 1 page ii of vi APPROVAL Title Review of crop cultivar characteristics, issue 1 revision 1 titre identification of critical points and selection issue revision method author FC1 Consortium date auteur date UBern Valerie Page, Urs Feller 01.09.2009 UCL Muriel Quinet, Stanley Lutts 03.08.2009 UGent Benjamin Secco, Laury Chaerle 21.09.2009 UoGuelph Michael Stasiak, Mike Dixon 14.09.2009 UNapoli Roberta Paradiso, Stefania De Pascale 31.07.2009 Reviewed Laury Chaerle, date 14.12.2009 by (UGent) Martin Weihreter, Dominique Van Der date 9.11.2009 approved Straeten by (UGent) Dominique Van Der Straeten 21.11.2009 approuvé by CHANGE LOG reason for change /raison du issue/issue revision/revision date/date changement CHANGE RECORD Issue: 1 Revision: 1 reason for change/raison du changement page(s)/page(s) paragraph(s)/paragraph(s) MELiSSA Technical Note issue 1 revision 1 1 page iii of vi T ABLE O F C ONTENTS Table of Figures ..................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.)
    United Kingdom National List / Plant Breeders’ Rights Technical Protocol for the Official Examination of Distinctness, Uniformity, and Stability (DUS) Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) February 2020 Contents Section A - General Information ..................................................................................................... 1 1 Purpose ............................................................................................................................. 1 2 Scope ................................................................................................................................ 1 3 Responsibilities ................................................................................................................. 1 4 Non Compliance with the Protocol .................................................................................... 3 5 Responsibility for GM Releases ........................................................................................ 3 6 Procedures for GM Varieties ............................................................................................. 3 7 Associated Documents ...................................................................................................... 4 Section B – Application Requirements ........................................................................................... 5 1 Purpose ............................................................................................................................. 5 2 Scope ...............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Evidence for the Complex Relationship Between Free Amino Acid and Sugar Concentrations and Acrylamide-Forming Potential in Potato N
    Annals of Applied Biology ISSN 0003-4746 RESEARCH ARTICLE Evidence for the complex relationship between free amino acid and sugar concentrations and acrylamide-forming potential in potato N. Muttucumaru1,S.J.Powers2, J.S. Elmore3,A.Briddon4, D.S. Mottram3 &N.G.Halford1 1 Plant Biology and Crop Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK 2 Computational and Systems Biology Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK 3 Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK 4 Potato Council, Sutton Bridge Crop Storage Research, Spalding, UK Keywords Abstract Acrylamide; amino acids; food safety; post-harvest storage; potato; process Free amino acids and reducing sugars participate in the Maillard reaction contaminant; sugars. during high-temperature cooking and processing. This results not only in the formation of colour, aroma and flavour compounds, but also undesirable Correspondence contaminants, including acrylamide, which forms when the amino acid that N.G. Halford, Plant Biology and Crop Science participates in the reaction is asparagine. In this study, tubers of 13 varieties Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK. of potato (Solanum tuberosum), which had been produced in a field trial in Email: [email protected] 2010 and sampled immediately after harvest or after storage for 6 months, were analysed to show the relationship between the concentrations of free Received: 30 September 2013; revised version asparagine, other free amino acids, sugars and acrylamide-forming potential. accepted: 18 November 2013; published The varieties comprised five that are normally used for crisping, seven online: 23 January 2014. that are used for French fry production and one that is used for boiling.
    [Show full text]