ILVO sustainable potato production? potato sustainable A tool tool Biotechnology Kick Dr. Dr. ir. Bart - Off towards a more a more towards September 1 Potato Van Droogenbroeck Van Droogenbroeck

Europe, Doornik Europe, st

2015

:

ILVO 3. 2. 1. 4. − − – – – – Recent Challenges Introduction Conclusions GM Biotechnology of multiple Combination Disease Processing Processing Potato Crops

diseases resistance biotech

–

Quality

?

in Content

GMO?

: Late : potato -

Health

developments blight traits

, nematodes

production

, PVY… ,

ILVO 1. Definitions INTRO INTRO

-

basics -

BIOTECHNOLOGY ?

ILVO the animals applies Modern yeast to ​​​​​​​Initially materials other Biotechnology A

definition

use

code

and

living

plants

classical the for

, of

fungi pharmaceuticals

all the knowledge organisms biotechnology

Biotechnology

and

genetic

studies

to production

produce animals

biotechnology

and information ,

about or

e makes

or to of parts . g

. other

produce useful characteristics bread

use of . goes

products

,

it

products of wine ,

products

bacteria to

beyond used

,

alter cheese

of of

by

traditional interest

,

bacteria

? and or plants these changing ,

beer

produce

use .

,

animals , methods

methods bacteria plants

the

food,

DNA

or and :

,

it ,

ILVO  • • Genetic material recombination does not in “… European GMO which which the means =

G enetically occur naturally by mating and/or an organism definition genetic material …” =

M DNA odified

of a ‘ GMO , with the exceptionwith of the human beings, ,

GMO

O rganism has been has altered in ’ , ? according

natural to

Dir

2001/18/EC a way that :

ILVO Modern Modern biotech

= DNA

ILVO - - - Genetic Proteins are Proteins

code execute The The built determines genes DNA with

all

processes

AA, 20 20 AA, different

in in

which our 

DNA DNA

protein

in in Protein

cells encode ones

is /tissues /tissues off living encoded

for proteins

organisms

ILVO 1 . Cutting Using

and Examples enzymes pasting Biotechnology

as

of of scissors

DNA DNA some

(= (

1972) restriction fundamental

- enzymes

techniques ) and pasteand ?

(=

ligases )

ILVO 1 . Cutting

and Examples 

development of pasting Biotechnology

of of

DNA DNA some the (

1972) fundamental

first

GMO, aGM

techniques bacteria ?

ILVO 3. 2 1. . Amplification Reading Cutting Using enzyme

& pasting Examples

DNA DNA =

( polymerase) Biotechnology

DNA of of DNA sequencing

(1972 of of some )

(1980) to

copy DNA

fundamental

(1977

)

techniques ?

ILVO 2015: 2015: 2012: First commercial gene 1994: First GM 1983: 1982: First First GM plant S ynthetic biotech Biotech tomato

biology

medicin , Gent, Prof. Van

on on

–

R&D ‘ R&D the , insuline therapy

market, Evolution assembly ,

( Montagu produced cancer VS, ’ of FlavrSavr ) organisms

by

GM

bacteria

ILVO 1. INTRO 1. INTRO Methods

& & Global developments –

GM CROPS

ILVO 

both in the How are GMHow

methods host its

result genome

in

= the selection

random

& characterisation crops insertion

of of transformants the

made?

DNA of interestDNA of needed

ILVO  Fastevolution BreedingNewTechnologies 2015:Anno  More sophisticated: engineered organisms from wild type organisms Hard or impossible to discriminate newgenetically • • • • • • • • • • How are GMHow Specific, Specific, Allow Synthetic Reverse RNA Agro Grafting Nuclease FingerZinc Oligonucleotide Cisgenesis - - dependent DNA methylationDNA ( dependent – infiltration i ntegration

recently developed

breeding targeted changes genomics

DirectedMutagenesis(ODM)

in in genome Technology methods: crops

possible possible

at a RdDM

specific specific site - )

down down to 1

made?

bp

changes!

ILVO Example www.cibus.com

Oligonucleotide Oligonucleotide of a of

recently Directed

developed Mutagenesis

method

ILVO • • • First Three Typical examples: GM crops in field today Food (>180 (>180 – – generation sugarbeet ‘ ‘ Roundup Ready’ Bt mio crops ’

crops crops ha, 18 ha,18 generations –

mio

: ‘input -

insect

farmers,

traits crops - resistance 28 countries) ’ - –

herbicide tolerance

advantages for for advantages -

Corn, Corn, eggplantcotton, …

of of GM growers -

crops soy, soy, corn,

ILVO    Important Important Since 19 Mio First First http://

consecutive Hectare

2011 www.isaaa.org

crops faster generation

years :

soybean growth

of of growth

in in , maize developing

,

cotton GM

world , canola crops

ILVO   Increase Most important Mio http:// First First

Hectare www.isaaa.org

of of GM

generation crops trait

=

with herbicide herbicide

combined tolerance

GM

traits

crops

ILVO   Portugal, Tsjechië Negligible Production First First http:// www.isaaa.org

in in

mainly , Roemenië & Slovakije) EU: 1 generation

crop in in N&S

= 100.000 = 100.000 - America and

ha ha

GM insect Asia - resistant crops

corn

( Spanje, ILVO

All • • • First Three GE potatovarieties were sincedeveloperdiscontinuedMarchbyin the 2001 and of (1999) to+ resistant Potatobeetle PLRV+ (1998) Potato Bt

Potato generation

resistant to+ resistant beetle generations – have not been sold tohavesold farmers not been forplanting resistant to resistant beetle potato(1995)

GM Potato Potato Leaf Roll Virus

products

of of GM Potato Virus Y :

crops ( (PVY) PLRV) PLRV)

– -

ILVO • • Second http:// Three Typical example: grower Food & non – irri.org/golden ‘golden rice’ generation /processor/ generations - - food rice/faqs/what with increased

crops : consumer

- is – - the

output - status

vitA - of -

traits the content

- of of GM golden , advantage for for advantage , - rice –

- R&Dphase project crops - coordinated

- by - irri

ILVO • Second Three resulting Amflora

BASFwithdrewproducttechnologytoopposition2012, citing inthe the generation

Potato

in generations improved –

with

GM

processing

altered Potato

starch

products

characteristics of of GM

composition :

crops

,

ILVO • • • • Third Three First commercial First No consumer Food/non crops Molecular –

www.protalix.com Therapeutic protein produced in potato generation

specifically

/ -

Farming generations patients food derived

: crops

products designed

products =

the

–

focus

production

on market for for

on cultures of cellscarrot on this the advantages

goal =goal

market

of of GM of –

valuable lot of R&Dlot plant as bioreactor

for for

proteins in = crops

cheaper

ILVO 2. POTATO CHALLENGES

PRODUCTION

ILVO According Challenges • • • • • • • Varietal Disease Integrated Water Potato Innovation Storage to use

Mechanization

resistance development and and 2015 Beijing World

crop in processing quality process

Potato

managment

& productdevelopment

production Potato

congress

:

ILVO Challenge(1) • • • • Nematode Fungal Virus L ate

blight resistance: PVX, PVY, PLRV, …

resistance:

resistance: is is biggest problem - Alternaria

Disease potato , … ,

cyst

resistance nematode, nematode, …

ILVO Impact of • • • •

Economicloss in Belgium≈ 12 More appearing ’80virulent strainssince Caused by fungus (up (up to20in wetseason) – – - 15 fungicide applications/season 15 Yield and storage loss storageand Yield applications Fungicide late blight Phytophthora Phytophthora

on

Belgian 55 mio infestans infestans

euro

potato

production

ILVO (Belgium), CIP (Peru)… CIP (Belgium), Netherlands), (The WUR in projectsR&D >20 R Resistant - genes known from wild relatives in Mexicorelatives wild from known genes

varieties

are best solution

TSL and JHI (UK), CRA (UK), JHI andTSL - , Andes , W

ILVO  Phytophthora Qualitative resistance based on gene sustainable LB resistance Combination of multiple R Late has has blight avr

genes

resistance

- genesto is necessary obtain - for

in Potato - gene interaction potato

has/has

not

R R

genes

ILVO • R Via GM approach Via - genes canbe introducedgenes twowaysin : Resistant • • conventional breeding Selection onof interest inoffspring trait(s) twoCrossingbetweenplants

varieties

are best solution

ILVO Conventional

breeding

takes time… introduction

~ 45 ~ Single R gene years

-

ILVO 

Biotech Why

allows improvement

GM approach? GM

faster

and of crops more

targeted

ILVO • • • same time is possible Introduction of Preserves allother variety characteristics Introduction resistance in one step GM approach is multiple (R

fast - )genes

& targeted at the

ILVO 3. RECENT 3. Disease resistanceDisease & combination & BIOTECH of multiple traits multiple

DEVELOPMENTS

ILVO 3. 2. 1. Important projects (1) Visit – – Field trial – – Phytophthora intensive to – ecologically resistance potato Gerephyti – through – Phytophthora DurPh Cisgenic Collaboration with Cisgenic R Classical andmolecular breeding approach Classical andmolecular breeding Cisgenic ILVO boothILVO - genediscovery

project Late

approachdevelop to multiple R resistant LB developmentpotato resistant LB Wetteren project at Potato Europe for Europe Potatoat (WUR

blight

(CRA DuRPh

Desirée & - Netherlands;

Bintje agriculture - W, W, Belgium; cisgenic cisgenic

project

potato developmentpotato

more resistance +

project –

interaction interaction with conventional and organic sector info marker

2006 - 2013 infestans infestans gene resistant LB

( - UGent 2016

- 2016 - free free ): ) : Durable

Improving Improving -

modification VIB in in order to develop develop to order in - ILVO; potato Bintje Resistance against against Resistance and managing managing and 2010

potatoes -

2019 )

ILVO 6. 5. 4. Important projects (2) – – – – – project Company – – project Company TSL Transgenic Transgenic resistance LB with R two Combining Combining GMapproach for LB resistance in Multiple partners, incl. Simplot (US) Combining multiple traits Cisgenic Regulatoryapproval dossier submitted 2011

PotatoProject Partnership Late

LB resistance LB multiple multiple blight Simplot BASF traits Russet Burbank

(Germany; (US;

resistance Maris Piper 2010

- genes in - …

… ) - : Development of : Development 2012 ):

– (

potatoes UK withdrawn 2012 of Development Fontane - US;

in

2015 potato - 2019

Innate potatoes Innate )

Fortuna potato Fortuna

ILVO   • ‘ intragenic conventionally EFSA conventional Cisgenic Higher

Opinion ’

public (vs

and .

breeding

2012

acceptance transgenic transgenic bred :

“ … plants Why similar

)

plants ,

= while

hazards

only cisgenic? cisgenic? . ”

novel

DNA can

hazards

be from

associated

can crossable

be

with

associated

relatives cisgenic

with

and ~=

ILVO BINTJE FIELD TRIAL WETTEREN & +

ILVO Potatoes Wageningen WT − ‘ Fortuna’ – – – Desirée blb1 blb1 sto vnt1.1 sto1 1 + R +

(BASF): blb2 blb2 R - and other reference varieties other reference and vnt gene -

gene UR

1.1. + in in R lines lines (> - –

lines (> genes

DuRPh blb the 3

R S. S. (> -

S. S. genen : in : stoloniferum Wetteren Wetteren Trial S. S. venturii bulbocastanum Desirée

lines lines (> )

background: )

S. S. bulbocastanum )

(2011

- ) 2012

)

ILVO Trial Trial up set = = Nicola = Maize Bintje

(2011 - 2012 )

ILVO 27

juli

2011

Field trial Wetteren No No Pi fungicide treatment fungicide

- Mix of

2011 Belgian fields Belgian Pi isolatesfrom

ILVO Results

field field trial Wetteren 3 aug

2011 show show or 3 R GM

lines - resistance genen

- with

2011

1, 2

ILVO  Results GM Results lines

2012

survive confirm Non Sensitive

field field trial Wetteren - GM

late

those blight

observed

without without fungicide

Resistant

in 2011: in 2011: GM

- treatments

2012

ILVO  • • • • optimal resistance management Variation the endthe growingof season The plants withgene R stacks. Plants wild All single ormultiplelate blight resistance (R) Transformation Conclusions selected events type with

, , both in R

harbouring events were significantly singleR genes - gene use,both

in field trials in The Netherlands and Belgium. of the susceptibleof potato variety Desiree with

three late blightR genes

Field Field

showed a in space and time .

trial Wetteren trial lower level more resistant than Desiree genes is necessary were immune until of resistance than possible

for for .

ILVO • • ~ 50 50 ~ % Developmentof Belgapom With Followup project

support of of

acreage Flemish cisgenic

in Belgium

Government multiplelate

-

, Bintje Boerenbond en blight

resistant + (2014 - 2019)

Bintje

= ILVO  • • •

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ILVO  • Challenges  • colouring + pressure getDuringpotatoesstoragebruised dueto mechanical Reduced browning of acrylamide (carcinogen) of acrylamide AA withfree brown = Uponhigh accumulation of reducing Cold=sugars storage storage

- during temperature processing: reducing sugars react react reducing processing:sugars temperature

(2) (2) and processing quality processing oxidation processing lead can tobrown and and -

colour black spots Varietal

, elevatedbitter taste+ levels from bruising from

development&

ILVO •

Recent Recent Commercial: • • • Innate Innate Innate

Innate

3.0 3.0 2.0

1.0 potatoes

developments

: : 2.0 + extra late : 1.0 + late - - Bruise PVY

storage storage - Simplot

entry in entry VS VS -

resistance http://www.simplotplantsciences.com/

resistant traits

“ blight to Innate

market

–

– blight

resistance recently

and and work “ potatoes

lowered resistance

in in in in GM

deregulated progress

(1 gene) +

-

US US

acrylamide levels levels acrylamide

genes :

potato

cold by

+ +

USDA

ILVO to and cheaper hasbeen produce approved could be for thehealthier consumers betterenvironment, funding Research • asparagine lowerand damagebruise sensitivity (3 resistance Combination of 5 -

Recent Recent Late R&D project

blight http://www.tsl.ac.uk/news/new

(2

resistance genes developments -

(UK (2015 traits ) + - US) lower levels of reducing sugars and

(3

– using :

2019) to2019) genes

8 - potato genes

)+ develop a new which potato potato - at

in in

- the in in GM Maris Piper Maris -

cyst sainsbury .

nematode

- laboratory potato genes :

)

/

ILVO SUSTAINABLEPOTATOPRODUCTION? ATOWARDS TOOLA MORE BIOTECHNOLOGY: Conclusions

ILVO       farming together sustainable GM sustainable GM crops resistances Soil breeding (molecular Conventional Global procedures Biotech

potatoes

management,

– potatoes

acceptance

development development

projects

breeding, and in production with

and (with EU

other potato

are

(

organic

and are cfr

best combined crop

Conclusions

lagging of

DuRPh Pi

goes GAP

accessibility

by stewardship

not

monitoring)

rotation,

practices potato using

production, are very

behind and

the traits)

less as

fast Gerephyti breeding

important of responsible

only

surface,

programs

have

(NBTs=GM and biotech from

the

and GM both project)

but water,

crops for potential with conventional

approach

use can

or ultimate

biotech

could

energy biotech

not?) are benefit of

crucial to pesticides

– to

and crops

contribute crop

be regulatory

from speed solution

pesticides

users! and as part

biotechnology

and for up

to

organic

approval

non classical

of disease a for

more

- GM

it a ,

ILVO [email protected] 2722839 (0)9 + 32 T Dr.ir. Bart Van Droogenbroeck Contact: Thank

Questions

you

for ? your

Remarks Burg. Van Van Burg. Instituut voor Landbouw [email protected] www.ilvo.vlaanderen.be 9820 9820

en Visserijonderzoek T T + 32(0)9272 28 00 F F (0)9+32 272 28 01 attention! Merelbeke Gansberghelaan

?

–

België

115 -